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CN1344297A - 制备可去除的自净表面的方法 - Google Patents

制备可去除的自净表面的方法 Download PDF

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CN1344297A
CN1344297A CN00805310A CN00805310A CN1344297A CN 1344297 A CN1344297 A CN 1344297A CN 00805310 A CN00805310 A CN 00805310A CN 00805310 A CN00805310 A CN 00805310A CN 1344297 A CN1344297 A CN 1344297A
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威廉·巴思洛特
克里斯托弗·奈恩休斯
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Abstract

本发明涉及用于制备自净表面的方法,该表面具有凸出部和凹部,凸出部之间的间距为0.1－200μm,凸出部的高度为0.1－100μm,该方法中涂敷含疏水材料的溶液、分散液或乳化液,并接着进行干燥,在溶剂蒸发时,经自结构形成自净表面,并且所涂敷的材料是用洗涤剂可去除的。

Description

制备可去除的自净表面的方法
本发明涉及一种制备自净表面的方法。
物体表面的净化有很大的技术和经济意义，并且部分由于光学和美学的原因和部分由于技术原因，特别是在涉及透光表面时，为保持其功能必须时常进行净化。
已进行过大量努力以制造可排斥尘粒和/或自净化的表面。聚合物薄膜或聚合物板的生产商力求去解决此问题，其方法是制备尽可能光的表面和使表面或者特别疏水或者特别亲水。例如由特别疏水的聚四氟乙烯形成的表面或特别亲水的“无滴涂层”，在该涂层上水和尘粒以不成滴流走。
CH-PS-268258描述了疏水表面，它与水的接触角为120°。可通过在基底上涂敷粉末如陶土、滑石、粘土或硅胶而达到，并且该粉末预先经有机硅化合物的疏水处理。该涂敷与可固化树脂一起进行或由含有机溶剂的溶液进行。但该方法不能制备持久性的疏水表面。同时也未指出粉末的粒度或粒度分布。如此得到的表面的性质与旱金莲的叶面进行比较。比较中要指出的是，旱金莲的叶面的特性的根据是不知的，而且在技术上也不可分析。最近完成的研究表明，旱金莲具有特别细的超结构，其结构单元小于2μm。
US-P-3354022描述了一种疏水表面，该表面有凸凹，并且空气含量至少为60％，这样达到表面接触角大于90°。
DE-PS-1023217描述了一种制备有粗糙表面的成型体的模具。该模具可用于由橡胶或塑料制造有粗糙表面的成型部件。模具的壁涂敷有粗刚玉粉末和烘漆。该模具制备的产品带有随机出现的凹痕，并因此有改进的粘附性能，甚至避免了通常硫化表层。如此所得的表面例如有很好的可书写性。因为肯定不能用流动水进行自净化。
JP-A-62-191447描述了一种提高表面疏水性的方法。因此，涂敷一层等离子体聚合物薄膜，该薄膜通过蚀刻粗糙化，并且再涂敷第二层等离子体聚合物薄膜。
JP-A-3-174279(摘要)描述了一种在纸或薄膜上制备无光泽装饰表面的方法。该表面是通过漆制造的，该漆以电离辐射固化，并以非特定性的方式施加上非特定的图案。然后经进一步辐照完全固化。
申请人的深入研究导致了意外的结果，即在技术上有可能人工地使物体表面可自净化，就是以人工的方法提供由凸凹构成的表面结构，要注意的是表面结构的凸出部之间的距离为0.1-200μm，优选0.1-100μm，并且凸出部的高度为0.1-100μm，优选0.1-50μm，还要注意的是凸出部是由疏水聚合物或半疏水材料构成，并且要注意该凸出部不可通过水或通过带洗涤剂的水去除(参看WO 96/04123)。
本发明的目的是研制一种制备自净表面的方法，该表面可被洗涤溶液去除。该目的通过权利要求1的特征部分实现的。
用于制备具有凸凹的、且凸出部之间的距离为0.1-200μm和凸出部高度为0.1-100μm的自净表面的本发明方法是基于在表面上涂敷疏水材料并接着进行干燥，该材料在溶剂蒸发时经自结构而形成自净表面，所涂敷的材料可用洗涤剂水溶液去除。这种疏水材料可以是溶液、分散液或乳化液。
“用洗涤剂可去除”意指所涂敷的材料通过洗涤剂水溶液的作用，至少是长期作用下，会由于溶解作用使至少部分所涂敷的材料去除。本发明所涂敷的材料也可通过机械力去除，如通过刷、刮或用水高压清洁。
在一个实施方案中，该疏水材料是蜡，它经自结构形成自净的微结构表面。
在另一个实施方案中，该溶液、分散液或乳化液含有固体微粒。当其与疏水材料如蜡同时使用时，其本身可以是疏水的或亲水的。
疏水材料的涂敷可通过喷雾如借助喷雾嘴或喷雾枪来进行。根据所计划应用的类型，还具有疏油性的疏水材料是有利的。
还有一种可能的方法是借助于用水的共输送将疏水材料输送过可渗透蒸汽的表面。
适合本发明的疏水材料包括特别是长链仲醇和链烷二醇、β-二酮、仲酮和长链烷。特别合适的是二十九烷-10-醇、二十九烷-7，10-二醇、二十九烷-5，10-二醇、三十一烷-12，14-二酮、三十一烷-8，10-二酮、棕榈酮和其它疏水物质，它们可溶于挥发性溶剂中，并在溶剂蒸发时通过自结构形成疏水性的防水表面。
一种在物体上的透明的且出自光学、美学或技术的原因其透明性可保持长时间的自净表面特别具有技术的重要性。特别包括建筑物、车辆、太阳能集流器等的玻璃制品。如果自净特性仅暂时需要如在储存或运输期间，但另外情况下又是不需要的如出自美观的原因，则该自净表面的可去除性是特别重要的。
屋面、屋顶、纪念碑和货亭以及贮仓、罐或管道的内涂层的自净表面的制备也是具有经济及技术意义的，这些表面层或含有水溶液或可用流动的水容易地不留残余物地净化。车辆如轿车、火车或飞机的外涂层也是很有利的。
如果表面结构的凸出部互相离得很近，以避免在凸出部之间的凹部与水滴接触，这样可达到最佳结果。如果表面的结构的凸出部相距太近，或其凹部不够深，则表面就成为封闭的表面，并且能较好地被润湿。因此要力求达到底面上的凸出物的高度随凸出部之间距离的增加而增加。至今的测量表明，凸出部的间距及高度在权利要求的范围内可达到好的结果。其凸出部的高度为0.1-50μm，并且凸出部的间距为0.1-100μm的表面有最佳结果。
本发明将通过下列实施例阐明。
实施例1：
将三十一烷-14，16-二酮在己烷或乙酸乙酯中的0.1％的溶液借助于喷雾嘴或喷雾枪喷雾到任意表面上。在溶剂的蒸发过程中，三十一烷-14，16-二酮通过自结构形成细管状的晶体，其大部分的直径为0.2μm，长度为0.5-5μm。通过涂敷，可润湿的表面变成疏水的，并且接触角增加到160°。从这类表面可用流动水洗去沾污的颗粒，并且从长期看，该涂层本身也是可去除的。为增加涂层的粗糙度，可在溶液中混入亲水粉末(如石英粉)或疏水粉末(如聚四氟乙烯)。
实施例2：
将市售石膏以1∶10∶2(重量％)的比例与水和硅酮盐(Wacker BS15)混合，接着用刷子或辊子涂敷。在干燥时形成微粗糙的表面，其结构由石膏的针形晶体确定。在水蒸发后，用一层疏水剂覆盖。这类表面上的接触角超过150°。
实施例3：
将市售石膏以1∶10∶0.5(重量％)的比例与水和硅酮盐(WackerSilikon WI)混合，接着用喷雾枪涂敷。在干燥时形成微粗糙的表面，其结构由石膏的针形晶体确定。在水蒸发后，用一层疏水剂覆盖。这类表面上的接触角超过150°。
实施例4：
在透水蒸汽的聚合物(如聚氨酯)的一面上涂以蜡类物质(如三十一烷-14，16-二酮)，该类物质的特征是可形成结构(参看实施例1)。如果使水通过该聚合物，则蜡会被共输送，并在表面上形成所需要的微结构。
通过足够大量的蜡，在该体系中也可达到一定的耐用性，因其受损的或受侵蚀的结构在一段时间内可再生。

Claims (10)

1.一种用于制备自净表面的方法，该表面具有凸出部和凹部，凸出部之间的间距为0.1-200μm，凸出部的高度为0.1-100μm，该方法中，涂敷含疏水材料的溶液、分散液或乳化液并接着进行干燥，在溶剂蒸发时通过自结构形成自净表面，该所涂敷的材料是用洗涤剂可去除的。
2.权利要求1的方法，其特征在于，该疏水材料是蜡。
3.权利要求1的方法，其特征在于，该疏水材料是蜡类物质，如伯醇或仲醇和链烷二醇、β-二酮、仲酮和长链烷。
4.权利要求1的方法，其特征在于，该溶液、分散液或乳化液含有固体微粒。
5.权利要求1-4至少之一的方法，其特征在于，通过喷雾涂敷溶液、分散液或乳化液。
6.权利要求5的方法，其特征在于，通过喷雾嘴或喷雾枪进行涂敷。
7.权利要求1-6至少之一的方法，其特征在于，该疏水材料还是疏油的。
8.一种具有带凸凹的表面的物体，其凸出部之间的间距为0.1-200μm，凸出部的高度为0.1-100μm，而且至少该凸出部是疏水的，并且该凸出部由固体微粒组成，该表面上覆盖有疏水的材料。
9.仲醇和链烷醇、β-二酮、仲酮和长链烷在制备自净表中的应用。
10.权利要求9的应用，其特征在于，采用二十九烷-10-醇、二十九烷-7，10-二醇、二十九烷-5，10-二醇、三十一烷-12，14-二酮、三十一烷-8，10-二酮或棕榈酮作为疏水材料。
CN00805310A 1999-03-25 2000-03-18 制备可去除的自净表面的方法 Pending CN1344297A (zh)

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CN108554988A (zh) * 2011-08-05 2018-09-21 麻省理工学院 采用液体浸渍表面的装置
CN104349850A (zh) * 2012-02-29 2015-02-11 麻省理工学院 用于修改在表面上冷凝的物件和方法
CN110142189A (zh) * 2019-04-08 2019-08-20 深圳市劢全新材料科技有限责任公司 一种涂覆方法及其在耐高温涂层涂覆中的应用

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