CN1239713C - S140g突变型kcnq1蛋白及其在筛选离子通道抑制剂和促进剂中的应用 - Google Patents
S140g突变型kcnq1蛋白及其在筛选离子通道抑制剂和促进剂中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1239713C CN1239713C CN 03114730 CN03114730A CN1239713C CN 1239713 C CN1239713 C CN 1239713C CN 03114730 CN03114730 CN 03114730 CN 03114730 A CN03114730 A CN 03114730A CN 1239713 C CN1239713 C CN 1239713C
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- kcnq1
- expression vector
- leu
- val
- gly
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种突变型KCNQ1,即S140G-KCNQ1。还公开了利用KCNQ1来筛选心肌KCNQ1钾离子通道的抑制剂的方法,它包括步骤:(a)将(i)表达KCNQ1表达载体和(ii)KCNE1表达载体或KCNE2表达载体转入哺乳动物细胞;(b)在转化的哺乳动物细胞的培养基中,添加候选物质,并测定添加前后的电生理钾离子流,其中,如果加入候选物质后的电生理钾离子流减小,则表明该物质是心肌KCNQ1钾离子通道的抑制剂。该方法可快速筛选治疗房颤的候选药物。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及分子生物学和医学领域,更具体地本发明涉及家族性房颤病人KCNQ1基因的增效突变及其应用。
背景技术
根据世界卫生组织的定义,心房颤动(atrial fibrillation)是心房不规则的、杂乱无章的电活动,心电图上P波消失,代之以基线上形状、大小、方向和时程不一的颤动波,在没有高度或完全性房室传导阻滞情况下心室率完全不等。
心房颤动是临床上最常见的心律失常之一,它促发心力衰竭或血流动力学障碍,诱发室速或室颤等致命性心律失常,导致血栓和栓塞事件,增加基础心脏病的死亡率,心房颤动本身还可以引起心脏扩大。根据统计,美国心房颤动发生率为0.9%。随着年龄的增长,心房颤动发生率激剧增高,在65岁以上者则高达5.9%。根据Framinham研究,老年人(>65岁)卒中1/3由心房颤动引起。欧洲心房颤动发生率与美国相仿,亚洲略低。心房颤动严重地危害着人类的健康,也给社会带来了相当的经济负担。
作为心房颤动的特殊类型,特发性心房颤动指无明碗的心脏病变基础的心房颤动。其命名比较混乱,其他的名称有孤立性特发性心房颤动、良性特发性心房颤动和家族性特发性心房颤动。多达三分之一的心房颤动归类为特发性心房颤动(Lip GYH,Beevers DG(1995)ABC of atrial fibrillation:history,epidemiology,and importance of atrial fibrillation. BMJ 311:1361)。
房颤(AF)作为人类一种常见的心律失常,它的分子致病基础至今没有被很好的阐明。
发明内容
本发明的目的就是提供一种导致房颤的分子致病机理,该机理就是KCNQ1基因发生了致病突变(S140G),从而导致心肌钾离子IKs离子通道的离子流增大。
本发明的另一目的就是提供了基于该分子致病机理的药物筛选方法。
在本发明的第一方面,提供了一种筛选心肌KCNQ1钾离子通道的抑制剂的方法,包括步骤:
(a)将α亚基表达载体和β亚基表达载体转入哺乳动物细胞,获得转化的哺乳动物细胞,其中α亚基表达载体是KCNQ1表达载体,而β亚基表达载体选自下组:KCNE1表达载体或KCNE2的表达载体;
(b)在步骤(a)的转化的哺乳动物细胞的培养基中,添加候选物质,并测定添加候选物质前后的电生理钾离子流,
其中,如果加入候选物质后的电生理钾离子流减小,则表明该活性物质是心肌KCNQ1钾离子通道的抑制剂。
在一优选例中,所述的KCNQ1表达载体表达野生型的KCNQ1。
在另一优选例中,所述的KCNQ1表达载体表达突变型的KCNQ1。更佳地,所述的KCNQ1表达载体表达S140G突变型的KCNQ1。
在另一优选例中,所述的β亚基表达载体表达KCNE1。
在另一优选例中,所述的β亚基表达载体表达KCNE2。
在另一优选例中,步骤(b)中的测定方法为膜片钳法。
在本发明的第二方面,提供了一种筛选心肌KCNQ1钾离子通道的促进剂的方法,包括步骤:
(a)将α亚基表达载体和β亚基表达载体转入哺乳动物细胞,获得转化的哺乳动物细胞,其中α亚基表达载体是KCNQ1表达载体,而β亚基表达载体选自下组:KCNE1表达载体或KCNE2的表达载体;
(b)在步骤(a)的转化的哺乳动物细胞的培养基中,添加候选物质,并测定添加候选物质前后的电生理钾离子流,
其中,如果加入候选物质后的电生理钾离子流增大,则表明该活性物质是心肌KCNQ1钾离子通道的促进剂。
在本发明的第三方面,提供了一种S140G突变型KCNQ1蛋白的用途,它被用于筛选心肌KCNQ1钾离子通道的抑制剂或促进剂。
附图说明
图1显示S140G-KCNQ1/KCNE1离子通道的离子流,比野生型KCNQ1/KCNE1离子通道的离子流有极大的增大。
图2显示S140G-KCNQ1/KCNE2离子通道的离子流,比野生型KCNQ1/KCNE2离子通道的离子流有极大的增大。
图3显示了色原烷醇293B对S140G-KCNQ1/KCNE1离子通道的抑制效果。
图4显示了色原烷醇293B对S140G-KCNQ1/KCNE2离子通道的抑制效果。
图5显示了色原烷醇293B对KCNQ1/KCNE2离子通道的抑制效果。
具体实施方式
本发明人经过广泛而深入的研究,对一个中国遗传性房颤家系的病人进行了遗传分析,通过全基因组扫描把致病位点定位在11p15.5,并在该区域的KCNQ1基因中找到了一个致病突变S140G。KCNQ1基因编码心肌钾离子通道IKs(KCNQ1/KCNE1)、KCNQ1/KCNE2、KCNQ1/KCNE3离子通道的α亚基。该突变存在于所有的病人中,不存在于正常人中。
为了阐明这种突变的发病机制,本发明人进一步做了突变体离子通道流分析。功能分析表明S140G突变增强KCNQ1/KCNE1、KCNQ1/KCNE2离子通道的离子流。这与先前发现的引起LQT综合症的KCNQ1突变不同,引起LQT综合症的KCNQ1突变降低KCNQ1/KCNE1、KCNQ1/KCNE2离子通道的离子流。
动物实验与临床研究结果表明大多数房颤是由心房肌电传导多元折返形成,而动作电位持程和有效不应期的缩短有利于多元折返形成。本发明发现的房颤突变S140G引起IKs离子通道(KCNQ1/KCNE1)与KCNQ1/KCNE2通道的功能的增强,这些增强可以引起心房肌动作电位持程与有效不应期的缩短,从而引发房颤。
基于以上结果,针对KCNQ1/KCNE2离子流的离子通道抑制剂,可能对房颤及其他心律失常有缓解,治疗效果。因此,本发明还提供了一种筛选治疗房颤的候选药物的方法,即筛选心肌KCNQ1钾离子通道的抑制剂的方法,它包括步骤:
(a)将α亚基表达载体和β亚基表达载体转入哺乳动物细胞,获得转化的哺乳动物细胞,其中α亚基表达载体是KCNQ1表达载体,而β亚基表达载体选自下组:KCNE1表达载体或KCNE2的表达载体;
(b)在步骤(a)的转化的哺乳动物细胞的培养基中,添加候选物质,并测定添加候选物质前后的电生理钾离子流,
其中,如果加入候选物质后的电生理钾离子流减小,则表明该活性物质是心肌KCNQ1钾离子通道的抑制剂。
如本文所用,术语“野生型KCNQ1”指具有SEQ ID NO:1所示氨基酸序列的蛋白。KCNQ1编码心肌钾离子IKs离子通道,KCNQ1/KCNE2及KCNQ1/KCNE3离子通道中的α亚基。
如本文所用,术语“S140G-KCNQ1”指具有SEQ ID NO:2所示氨基酸序列的蛋白,其对应的编码序列如SEQ ID NO:9所示。发生S140G时,SEQ ID NO:9中核苷酸418由A→G,SEQ IDNO:2中140位氨基酸由S→G。功能分析表明S140G突变使KCNQ1/KCNE2、KCNQ1/KCNE3的离子流增大,这与原先发现的导致LQT综合症的突变的离子流降低效应相反。所以S140G突变可能通过缩短心房肌的动作电位持程(Action Potential Duration,APD)与有效不应期(Effective Refratory Period,ERP)来引发与维持房颤。
如本文所用,术语“KCNE1”指GenBank NM_000219序列编码的蛋白,即Potassium(
K)
Cha
Nnel Class
E,Member 1。
如本文所用,术语“KCNE2”指GenBank NM_005136序列编码的蛋白,即Potassium(
K)
Cha
Nnel Class
E,Member 2。
如本文所用,术语“KCNE3”指GenBank NM_005472序列编码的蛋白,即Potassium(
K)
Cha
Nnel Class
E,Member 3。
可用于本发明筛选方法的细胞没有特别限制。代表性的例子包括:哺乳动物细胞,如COS-7细胞,CHO细胞,或脊椎动物爪蟾(Xenopus)的卵母细胞。
可用于本发明筛选方法的离子流测定技术没有特别限制。代表性的例子包括:膜片钳法(用于哺乳动物细胞)、或微双电极压钳法(用于爪蟾卵母细胞)。
本发明的主要优点在于可有效地大量筛选治疗房颤的候选药物。
下面结合具体实施例,进一步阐述本发明。应理解,这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。下列实施例中未注明具体条件的实验方法,通常按照常规条件,例如Sambrook等人,分子克隆:实验室手册(New York:Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press,1989)中所述的条件,或按照制造厂商所建议的条件。
实施例1:野生型KCNQ1表达载体的制备
从人肾脏cDNA库中(Clontech Inc.),用同位素32P标记的KCNQl DNA探针(PCR片段)筛选阳性克隆。所得阳性克隆,进行直接测序,确定与GenBank中的标准公布序列(Accession No.AF000571)相同,并具有完整的编码序列。
在cDNA序列ATG起始子前设计一个引物,并带有ECoRI切点序列(引物F:5’-tc gag aat tcc tea cca tgg ccg cgg cct cct c(SEQ ID N0:3)),在终止子TGA后设计一个引物,并带有XbaI切点(引物R:5’-ggt cga ctc tag acc cca tcc cct cct cagg(SEQ ID NO:4))。
用引物对(F,R),以人肾脏cDNA库(Clontech Inc.)为模板,进行PCR扩增(HotStarTaq试剂盒,Qiagen公司),所得PCR产物由QIAquick PCRPurification Kit纯化(Qiagen公司)。
纯化后的PCR产物经EcoRI,XbaI混合酶切后,与经同样酶处理的pCI载体(Promega Inc.)连接,转入XL1-Blue感受态细胞,在氨苄青霉素LB板上接种并培养,挑取抗药性克隆,测序证实克隆的正确性。
结果获得了插入了野生型KCNQ1编码序列的表达载体pCI-KCNQ1。
实施例2:突变型S140G-KCNQ1表达载体的制备
在本实施例中,以实施例1中制备的野生型KCNQ1表达质粒为模板,利用定点致变技术(Site-directed Mutagenesis)在编码的第140位改变编码子序列,将编码Serine(丝氨酸)改成编码Glycin(甘氨酸),制成S140G突变型表达质粒。具体过程如下:
设计合成二对PCR扩增引物。第一对引物(由正向引物1和含S140G突变位点的反向引物1组成)用于扩增含从ECoRI切点至S140G突变位点片段的产物是
5’-get agc ctc gag aat tcc tca c(SEQ ID NO:5)
5’-gga cag cac gcc gaa gat g(SEQ ID N0:6)
第二对引物(由含S140G突变位点的正向引物2和反向引物2组成)用于扩增含从S140G突变位点至XbaI切点的片段,序列如下:
5’-cat ctt cgg cgtgct gtc c(SEQ ID NO:7)
5’-ggt cga ctc tag acc cea tcc(SEQ ID N0:8)
含有S140G突变位点的引物序列在突变位引入相应的突变核苷酸。以实施例1中制备的表达载体pCI-KCNQ1为模板,分别以第一对引物(SEQ ID N0:5和6)和第二对引物(SEQ ID NO:7和8)进行PCR扩增。将PCR扩增的二个片段混合,用正向引物1和反向引物2(SEQ ID NO:5和8)扩增出完整编码片段。所得PCR产物由QIAquick PCR Purification Kit纯化(Qiagen Inc)。纯化后的PCR产物经EcoRI,XbaI混合酶切后,与经同样酶处理的pCI载体(PromegaInc.)连接,转入XL1-Blue感受态细胞,在氨苄青霉素LB板上接种并培养,挑取抗药性克隆,测序证实克隆的正确性。
结果获得了插入了突变型KCNQ1编码序列的表达载体pCI-S140G-KCNQ1。
实施例3:KCNQ1的S140G突变导致KCNQ1/KCNE1离子流增强
将实施例1和2中制备的S140G-KCNQ1表达载体pCI-S140G-KCNQ1和野生型KCNE1表达质粒(pIRES-KCNE1-CD8)转入哺乳类细胞COS-7细胞中。在另一对照组实验中,将野生型KCNQ1表达载体pCI-KCNQI和KCNE1表达质粒转入哺乳类细胞COS-7细胞中。在细胞转染后约48小时后,进行电生理钾离子流测定(利用膜片钳技术)。方法如下:
在一个湿润的含5% CO2环境中,COS-7细胞被培养在Dulbecco’smodified Eagle培养剂中(补充成分:10%胎牛血清,100U/mL链霉素,100U/mL青霉素)。用DEAE-Dextran沉淀法转染细胞。用0.75μg的pCI-KCNQ1或pCI-S140G-KCNQ1质粒DNA,0.25μg的pIRES-KCNEI-CD8质粒DNA(该质粒是在pIRES载体(Clontech Inc.)中同时插入分别编码KCNE1基因和编码CD8基因的二个片段而形成的质粒)。转染一盘35mm的细胞。被转染的COS-7细胞通过用抗-CD8抗体来识别。离子流记录在室温(~22℃)进行,采用全细胞(Whole-Cell)记录模式(VP500 Amplifier,BioLogic Inc)。电极内液含(mM):150mM KCl,0.5mM MgCl2,5mM EDTA,和10mM HEPES,pH7.3。水浴含(mM):150mM NaCl,5mM KCl,2mM CaCl2,1mM MgCl2和10mMHEPES,pH 7.3。电极电阻2.5-5MΩ。通过去极化引发膜电流(膜去极化从-130mV至+50mV,维持电压为-80mV)。
结果如图1所示,S140G-KCNQ1/KCNE1离子通道的离子流,比野生型KCNQ1/KCNE1离子通道的离子流有极大的增大。
实施例4:KCNQ1的S140G突变导致KCNQ1/KCNE2离子流增强
按实施例3相同方法,将S140G-KCNQ1表达载体和KCNE2表达质粒(pIRES-KCNE2-CD8)转入合适的哺乳类细胞COS-7细胞中。在另一对照组实验中,将野生型KCNQ1的表达载体和KCNE2表达质粒转入合适的哺乳类细胞COS-7细胞中。在细胞转染后约48小时后,进行电生理钾离子流测定(利用膜片钳技术)。
结果如图2所示,S140G-KCNQ1/KCNE2离子通道的离子流,比野生型KCNQ1/KCNE2离子通道的离子流有极大的增大。
实施例5:突变型S140G-KCNQ1/KCNE1(IKs)离子通道抑制剂的筛选
在本实施例中,将S140G-KCNQ1表达载体(pCI-S140G-KCNQ1)和KCNE1表达质粒转入合适的哺乳类细胞(如COS-7细胞)中,在细胞转染后约48小时后,进行电生理钾离子流测定。比较加人待选抑制剂前后,离子流强度及特性有否改变,可判断该化合物是否有S140G-KCNQ1/KCNE1离子通道抑制效果。此外,本方法也可用来比较不同抑制剂的相对抑制效果。
重复实施例3的过程,不同点在于加入候选物质,色原烷醇293B(Chromanol293B)(化学名称为trans-6-cyano4-{N-ethylsulfonyl-N-methylamino}-3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-chromanane)后。结果发现,离子流则被完全抑制(图3)。因此,色原烷醇293B是心肌钾离子通道IKs(KCNQ1/KCNE1)的抑制剂。
实施例6:突变型S140G KCNQ1/KCNE2离子通道抑制剂的筛选
在本实施例中,将S140G-KCNQ1表达载体(pCI-S140G-KCNQ1)和KCNE2表达质粒转入合适的哺乳类细胞(如COS-7细胞)中,在细胞转染后约48小时后,进行电生理钾离子流测定。比较加入待选抑制剂前后,离子流强度及特性有否改变,可判断该化合物是否有S140G-KCNQ1/KCNE2离子通道抑制效果。此外,本方法也可用来比较不同抑制剂的相对抑制效果。
重复实施例4的过程,不同点在于加入候选物质,色原烷醇293B(Chromanol293B)(化学名称为trans-6-cyano4-{N-ethylsulfonyl-N-methylamino}-3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-chromanane)后。结果发现,离子流则被完全抑制(图4)。因此,色原烷醇293B是心肌钾离子通道KCNQ1/KCNE2的抑制剂。
实施例7:野生型KCNQ1/KCNE2离子通道抑制剂的筛选
在本实施例中,将野生型KCNQ1的表达载体(pCI-KCNQ1)和KCNE2表达质粒转入合适的哺乳类细胞(如COS-7细胞)中,在细胞转染后约48小时后,进行电生理钾离子流测定。比较加人待选抑制剂前后,离子流强度及特性有否改变,可判断该化合物是否有KCNQ1/KCNE2离子通道抑制效果。此外,本方法也可用来比较不同抑制剂的相对抑制效果。
重复实施例4的过程,不同点在于加入候选物质,色原烷醇293B(Chromanol293B)(化学名称为trans-6-cyano4-{N-ethylsulfonyl-N-methylamino}-3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-chromanane)后。结果发现,离子流则被完全抑制(图5)。因此,色原烷醇293B是心肌钾离子通道KCNQ1/KCNE2的抑制剂。
在本发明提及的所有文献都在本申请中引用作为参考,就如同每一篇文献被单独引用作为参考那样。此外应理解,在阅读了本发明的上述讲授内容之后,本领域技术人员可以对本发明作各种改动或修改,这些等价形式同样落于本申请所附权利要求书所限定的范围。
序列表
<110>同济大学
国家人类基因组南方研究中心
<120>离子通道抑制剂在治疗心律失常中的应用
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cagctggacc agaggctggc actcatcacc gacatgcttc accagctgct ctccttgcac 1860
ggtggcagca cccccggcag cggcggcccc cccagagagg gcggggccca catcacccag 1920
ccctgcggca gtggcggctc cgtcgaccct gagctcttcc tgcccagcaa caccctgccc 1980
acctacgagc agctgaccgt gcccaggagg ggccccgatg aggggtcctg a 2031
Claims (9)
1.一种筛选心肌KCNQ1钾离子通道的抑制剂的方法,其特征在于,包括步骤:
(a)将α亚基表达载体和β亚基表达载体转入哺乳动物细胞,获得转化的哺乳动物细胞,其中α亚基表达载体是KCNQ1表达载体,并且所述的KCNQ1表达载体表达S140G突变型的KCNQ1,而β亚基表达载体选自下组:KCNE1表达载体或KCNE2的表达载体;
(b)在步骤(a)的转化的哺乳动物细胞的培养基中,添加候选物质,并测定添加候选物质前后的电生理钾离子流,
其中,如果加入候选物质后的电生理钾离子流减小,则表明该活性物质是心肌KCNQ1钾离子通道的抑制剂。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述的哺乳动物细胞是COS7细胞、CHO细胞或爪蟾的卵母细胞。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述的β亚基表达载体表达KCNE1。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述的β亚基表达载体表达KCNE2。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(b)中的测定方法为膜片钳法。
6.一种筛选心肌KCNQ1钾离子通道的促进剂的方法,其特征在于,包括步骤:
(a)将α亚基表达载体和β亚基表达载体转入哺乳动物细胞,获得转化的哺乳动物细胞,其中α亚基表达载体是KCNQ1表达载体,并且所述的KCNQ1表达载体表达S140G突变型的KCNQ1,而β亚基表达载体选自下组:KCNE1表达载体或KCNE2的表达载体;
(b)在步骤(a)的转化的哺乳动物细胞的培养基中,添加候选物质,并测定添加候选物质前后的电生理钾离子流,
其中,如果加入候选物质后的电生理钾离子流增大,则表明该活性物质是心肌KCNQ1钾离子通道的促进剂。
7.一种S140G突变型KCNQ1蛋白的用途,其特征在于,用于筛选心肌KCNQ1钾离子通道的抑制剂或促进剂。
8.如权利要求7所述的用途,其特征在于,所述的S140G突变型KCNQ1蛋白具有SEQ ID NO:2所示的氨基酸序列。
9.一种S140G突变型KCNQ1蛋白,其特征在于,其氨基酸序列如SEQ IDNO::2所示。
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