CN1201472A - 制造绝缘硬质聚氨酯泡沫的方法 - Google Patents
制造绝缘硬质聚氨酯泡沫的方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1201472A CN1201472A CN96198026A CN96198026A CN1201472A CN 1201472 A CN1201472 A CN 1201472A CN 96198026 A CN96198026 A CN 96198026A CN 96198026 A CN96198026 A CN 96198026A CN 1201472 A CN1201472 A CN 1201472A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- polyhydric alcohol
- alcohol composition
- polyvalent alcohol
- pentamethylene
- weight
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 229920005830 Polyurethane Foam Polymers 0.000 title description 30
- 239000011496 polyurethane foam Substances 0.000 title description 30
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 187
- RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclopentane Chemical compound C1CCCC1 RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 94
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethanolamine Chemical compound OCCNCCO ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 150000004982 aromatic amines Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000005056 polyisocyanate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229920001228 polyisocyanate Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 134
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 claims description 127
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 112
- 125000004817 pentamethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:2])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:1] 0.000 claims description 90
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 64
- -1 polyoxytrimethylene group Polymers 0.000 claims description 56
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 50
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 125000005702 oxyalkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 abstract description 23
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 22
- DMEGYFMYUHOHGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptamethylene Natural products C1CCCCCC1 DMEGYFMYUHOHGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 41
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 19
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 17
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 17
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 16
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 16
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 16
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical group C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 11
- UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-Diphenylmethane Diisocyanate Chemical compound C1=CC(N=C=O)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1 UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- LSDPWZHWYPCBBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanethiol Chemical compound SC LSDPWZHWYPCBBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 10
- QWTDNUCVQCZILF-UHFFFAOYSA-N isopentane Chemical compound CCC(C)C QWTDNUCVQCZILF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 9
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 9
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 8
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 229960003132 halothane Drugs 0.000 description 8
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 8
- AFABGHUZZDYHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl butane Natural products CCCC(C)C AFABGHUZZDYHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000004970 Chain extender Substances 0.000 description 6
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 6
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000037081 physical activity Effects 0.000 description 6
- 235000021178 picnic Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 6
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Natural products CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl urethane Chemical compound CCOC(N)=O JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- SVYKKECYCPFKGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-dimethylcyclohexylamine Chemical compound CN(C)C1CCCCC1 SVYKKECYCPFKGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 5
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane Substances CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 5
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011495 polyisocyanurate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- IMNIMPAHZVJRPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylenediamine Chemical compound C1CN2CCN1CC2 IMNIMPAHZVJRPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- OBETXYAYXDNJHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Ethylhexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)C(O)=O OBETXYAYXDNJHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 4
- PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1 PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 4
- XSTXAVWGXDQKEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trichloroethylene Chemical compound ClC=C(Cl)Cl XSTXAVWGXDQKEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RWRIWBAIICGTTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N difluoromethane Chemical compound FCF RWRIWBAIICGTTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- SZXQTJUDPRGNJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropylene glycol Chemical compound OCCCOCCCO SZXQTJUDPRGNJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- JFCQEDHGNNZCLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N glutaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCC(O)=O JFCQEDHGNNZCLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920001903 high density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920005669 high impact polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000004700 high-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004797 high-impact polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 4
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 4
- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BKIMMITUMNQMOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC BKIMMITUMNQMOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920005906 polyester polyol Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 4
- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sebacic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 4
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N urea group Chemical group NC(=O)N XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- YACLCMMBHTUQON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-1-fluoroethane Chemical class CC(F)Cl YACLCMMBHTUQON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VOZKAJLKRJDJLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-diaminotoluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(N)C=C1N VOZKAJLKRJDJLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000004114 Ammonium polyphosphate Substances 0.000 description 3
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical group COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229930182556 Polyacetal Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- YSMRWXYRXBRSND-UHFFFAOYSA-N TOTP Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1OP(=O)(OC=1C(=CC=CC=1)C)OC1=CC=CC=C1C YSMRWXYRXBRSND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NSOXQYCFHDMMGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrakis(2-hydroxypropyl)ethylenediamine Chemical compound CC(O)CN(CC(C)O)CCN(CC(C)O)CC(C)O NSOXQYCFHDMMGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane Chemical group CCC(CO)(CO)CO ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004676 acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 235000019826 ammonium polyphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229920001276 ammonium polyphosphate Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002083 enediols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229940052303 ethers for general anesthesia Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 150000002762 monocarboxylic acid derivatives Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BCCOBQSFUDVTJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N octafluorocyclobutane Chemical compound FC1(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C1(F)F BCCOBQSFUDVTJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000012766 organic filler Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920006149 polyester-amide block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920006324 polyoxymethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- RSJKGSCJYJTIGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N undecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC RSJKGSCJYJTIGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 3
- GQUXQQYWQKRCPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,2,3,3-hexafluorocyclopropane Chemical compound FC1(F)C(F)(F)C1(F)F GQUXQQYWQKRCPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WXGNWUVNYMJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)C(F)F WXGNWUVNYMJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JQZFYIGAYWLRCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)C(F)(F)Cl JQZFYIGAYWLRCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BOUGCJDAQLKBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethane Chemical compound FC(Cl)C(F)(F)F BOUGCJDAQLKBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexene Chemical compound CCCCC=C LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZMBQZWCDYKGVLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylcyclohexa-3,5-diene-1,2-diamine Chemical compound CC1(N)C=CC=CC1N ZMBQZWCDYKGVLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZFFMLCVRJBZUDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dimethylbutane Chemical compound CC(C)C(C)C ZFFMLCVRJBZUDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MHNNAWXXUZQSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbut-1-ene Chemical compound CCC(C)=C MHNNAWXXUZQSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GXDHCNNESPLIKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylhexane Natural products CCCCC(C)C GXDHCNNESPLIKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SGVYKUFIHHTIFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylnonane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(C)C SGVYKUFIHHTIFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ALRHLSYJTWAHJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hydroxypropionic acid Chemical compound OCCC(O)=O ALRHLSYJTWAHJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YBRVSVVVWCFQMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(N)C=C1 YBRVSVVVWCFQMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KLSLBUSXWBJMEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Propylphenol Chemical compound CCCC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 KLSLBUSXWBJMEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KBWRPFOSIVWXEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(O)CN.CN(C)C Chemical compound CC(O)CN.CN(C)C KBWRPFOSIVWXEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VOPWNXZWBYDODV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorodifluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)Cl VOPWNXZWBYDODV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N D-Glucitol Natural products OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N D-glucitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KGWDUNBJIMUFAP-KVVVOXFISA-N Ethanolamine Oleate Chemical compound NCCO.CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O KGWDUNBJIMUFAP-KVVVOXFISA-N 0.000 description 2
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XPDWGBQVDMORPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluoroform Chemical compound FC(F)F XPDWGBQVDMORPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methylamine Chemical compound NC BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000265 Polyparaphenylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- YEQJVSBJTOIEGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N S1SCC=C1.[Sn] Chemical compound S1SCC=C1.[Sn] YEQJVSBJTOIEGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SLINHMUFWFWBMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triisopropanolamine Chemical compound CC(O)CN(CC(C)O)CC(C)O SLINHMUFWFWBMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ISKQADXMHQSTHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4-(aminomethyl)phenyl]methanamine Chemical compound NCC1=CC=C(CN)C=C1 ISKQADXMHQSTHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PRPAGESBURMWTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[F] Chemical compound [C].[F] PRPAGESBURMWTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] Chemical compound [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 206010000269 abscess Diseases 0.000 description 2
- XECAHXYUAAWDEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Chemical compound C=CC=C.C=CC#N.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 XECAHXYUAAWDEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000122 acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 125000002723 alicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000001118 alkylidene group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000323 aluminium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001414 amino alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- RWZYAGGXGHYGMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthranilic acid Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O RWZYAGGXGHYGMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ADCOVFLJGNWWNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony trioxide Chemical compound O=[Sb]O[Sb]=O ADCOVFLJGNWWNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000004984 aromatic diamines Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- UJMDYLWCYJJYMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(O)=O)=C1C(O)=O UJMDYLWCYJJYMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OHJMTUPIZMNBFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N biuret Chemical compound NC(=O)NC(N)=O OHJMTUPIZMNBFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000013844 butane Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007859 condensation product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001924 cycloalkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- NZNMSOFKMUBTKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanecarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1CCCCC1 NZNMSOFKMUBTKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BGTOWKSIORTVQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopentanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCC1 BGTOWKSIORTVQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N decane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000005442 diisocyanate group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- XXBDWLFCJWSEKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylbenzylamine Chemical compound CN(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 XXBDWLFCJWSEKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002009 diols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- HCPOCMMGKBZWSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 3-hydrazinyl-3-oxopropanoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC(=O)NN HCPOCMMGKBZWSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002191 fatty alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001530 fumaric acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002240 furans Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000008282 halocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutane Chemical compound CC(C)C NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanate group Chemical group [N-]=C=O IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanuric acid Natural products OC1=NC(O)=NC(O)=N1 ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZUBZATZOEPUUQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N isononane Chemical compound CCCCCCC(C)C ZUBZATZOEPUUQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003863 metallic catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- HZVOZRGWRWCICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanediyl Chemical group [CH2] HZVOZRGWRWCICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012764 mineral filler Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019407 octafluorocyclobutane Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 125000002524 organometallic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229940059574 pentaerithrityl Drugs 0.000 description 2
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WLJVNTCWHIRURA-UHFFFAOYSA-N pimelic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCC(O)=O WLJVNTCWHIRURA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000233 poly(alkylene oxides) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000582 polyisocyanurate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- SCVFZCLFOSHCOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium acetate Chemical compound [K+].CC([O-])=O SCVFZCLFOSHCOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 2
- KIDHWZJUCRJVML-UHFFFAOYSA-N putrescine Chemical compound NCCCCN KIDHWZJUCRJVML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- WBHHMMIMDMUBKC-QJWNTBNXSA-N ricinoleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC[C@@H](O)C\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O WBHHMMIMDMUBKC-QJWNTBNXSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FEUQNCSVHBHROZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ricinoleic acid Natural products CCCCCCC(O[Si](C)(C)C)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC FEUQNCSVHBHROZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960003656 ricinoleic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003335 secondary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- TYFQFVWCELRYAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N suberic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCC(O)=O TYFQFVWCELRYAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- SYRHIZPPCHMRIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin(4+) Chemical class [Sn+4] SYRHIZPPCHMRIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RUELTTOHQODFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene 2,6-diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1=C(N=C=O)C=CC=C1N=C=O RUELTTOHQODFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XFNJVJPLKCPIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylenediamine Chemical class NCCCN XFNJVJPLKCPIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- BLSQLHNBWJLIBQ-OZXSUGGESA-N (2R,4S)-terconazole Chemical compound C1CN(C(C)C)CCN1C(C=C1)=CC=C1OC[C@@H]1O[C@@](CN2N=CN=C2)(C=2C(=CC(Cl)=CC=2)Cl)OC1 BLSQLHNBWJLIBQ-OZXSUGGESA-N 0.000 description 1
- JRIGVWDKYXCHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N (5-arsoroso-2-hydroxyphenyl)azanium;chloride Chemical compound Cl.NC1=CC([As]=O)=CC=C1O JRIGVWDKYXCHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LVGUZGTVOIAKKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane Chemical compound FCC(F)(F)F LVGUZGTVOIAKKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWMJXZJISGDARB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-decafluorocyclopentane Chemical compound FC1(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C1(F)F PWMJXZJISGDARB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FRCHKSNAZZFGCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane Chemical compound CC(F)(Cl)Cl FRCHKSNAZZFGCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQOGEOLRYAOSKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-dichloro-1-nitroethane Chemical compound CC(Cl)(Cl)[N+]([O-])=O OQOGEOLRYAOSKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NPNPZTNLOVBDOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-difluoroethane Chemical compound CC(F)F NPNPZTNLOVBDOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZWVMLYRJXORSEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,6-Hexanetriol Chemical compound OCCCCC(O)CO ZWVMLYRJXORSEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GIWQSPITLQVMSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dimethylimidazole Chemical compound CC1=NC=CN1C GIWQSPITLQVMSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PXGZQGDTEZPERC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1CCC(C(O)=O)CC1 PXGZQGDTEZPERC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940043375 1,5-pentanediol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940008841 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- NVJUHMXYKCUMQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethoxypropane Chemical compound CCCOCC NVJUHMXYKCUMQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GEEGPFGTMRWCID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-n,1-n,1-n',1-n'-tetramethylbutane-1,1-diamine Chemical compound CCCC(N(C)C)N(C)C GEEGPFGTMRWCID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MNAHQWDCXOHBHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-phenylpropane-1,1-diol Chemical compound CCC(O)(O)C1=CC=CC=C1 MNAHQWDCXOHBHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QFGCFKJIPBRJGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 12-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy]-12-oxododecanoic acid Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QFGCFKJIPBRJGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VKPSKYDESGTTFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,6,6-pentamethylheptane Chemical compound CC(C)(C)CC(C)CC(C)(C)C VKPSKYDESGTTFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NDUPDOJHUQKPAG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 2,2-Dichloropropanoate Chemical compound CC(Cl)(Cl)C([O-])=O NDUPDOJHUQKPAG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoethan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CYXIKYKBLDZZNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Chloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)CCl CYXIKYKBLDZZNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UXFQFBNBSPQBJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-amino-2-methylpropane-1,3-diol Chemical compound OCC(N)(C)CO UXFQFBNBSPQBJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XXNPWUCSMZUOOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-butyl-2-ethylpentanedioic acid Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)(C(O)=O)CCC(O)=O XXNPWUCSMZUOOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GAWAYYRQGQZKCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloropropionic acid Chemical compound CC(Cl)C(O)=O GAWAYYRQGQZKCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCUZVMHXDRSBKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-decylpropanedioic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC(C(O)=O)C(O)=O HCUZVMHXDRSBKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BOZRCGLDOHDZBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylhexanoic acid;tin Chemical compound [Sn].CCCCC(CC)C(O)=O BOZRCGLDOHDZBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IKJJWTQPYANSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylhexyl(oxo)tin Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)C[Sn]=O IKJJWTQPYANSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAGHEHQMRFEQMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylidenepropanedioic acid Chemical compound CC=C(C(O)=O)C(O)=O QAGHEHQMRFEQMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000954 2-hydroxyethyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])O[H] 0.000 description 1
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AIDLAEPHWROGFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbenzene-1,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound CC1=C(C(O)=O)C=CC=C1C(O)=O AIDLAEPHWROGFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IIVBUJGYWCCLNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(dimethylamino)propylurea Chemical compound CN(C)CCCNC(N)=O IIVBUJGYWCCLNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WUPHOULIZUERAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(oxolan-2-yl)propanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC1CCCO1 WUPHOULIZUERAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QEYMMOKECZBKAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-chloropropanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCl QEYMMOKECZBKAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DKIDEFUBRARXTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-mercaptopropanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCS DKIDEFUBRARXTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YHQXBTXEYZIYOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylbut-1-ene Chemical compound CC(C)C=C YHQXBTXEYZIYOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BRKHZWFIIVVNTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-cyclohexylmorpholine Chemical compound C1CCCCC1N1CCOCC1 BRKHZWFIIVVNTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HVCNXQOWACZAFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethylmorpholine Chemical group CCN1CCOCC1 HVCNXQOWACZAFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Abietic-Saeure Natural products C12CCC(C(C)C)=CC2=CCC2C1(C)CCCC2(C)C(O)=O RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- JQJIWDQOYRQQKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(=C)F.[Cl] Chemical compound C(=C)F.[Cl] JQJIWDQOYRQQKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GTJVPLGQFHDOAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C(=O)O)(=O)O.C(CCCCCCC)[Sn]CCCCCCCC Chemical compound C(C(=O)O)(=O)O.C(CCCCCCC)[Sn]CCCCCCCC GTJVPLGQFHDOAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RLCQCQADIHGTRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(CCCCC)[Sn]CCCCCC.C(C(=O)O)(=O)O Chemical compound C(CCCCC)[Sn]CCCCCC.C(C(=O)O)(=O)O RLCQCQADIHGTRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine Chemical compound ClCl KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N Dextrotartaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RPNUMPOLZDHAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethylenetriamine Chemical compound NCCNCCN RPNUMPOLZDHAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 1
- IMROMDMJAWUWLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethenol Chemical compound OC=C IMROMDMJAWUWLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GIUKYQBICUNBBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N FC(C(C(F)(F)F)(F)F)F.[Cl] Chemical compound FC(C(C(F)(F)F)(F)F)F.[Cl] GIUKYQBICUNBBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005058 Isophorone diisocyanate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 240000007049 Juglans regia Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000009496 Juglans regia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UEEJHVSXFDXPFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-dimethylaminoethanol Chemical compound CN(C)CCO UEEJHVSXFDXPFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AKNUHUCEWALCOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-ethyldiethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CC)CCO AKNUHUCEWALCOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JHXVRRJXCDAINK-UHFFFAOYSA-N NC(=O)N.N#CC#N Chemical compound NC(=O)N.N#CC#N JHXVRRJXCDAINK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002302 Nylon 6,6 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005662 Paraffin oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019483 Peanut oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ALQSHHUCVQOPAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane-1,5-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCO ALQSHHUCVQOPAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RVGRUAULSDPKGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Poloxamer Chemical compound C1CO1.CC1CO1 RVGRUAULSDPKGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002396 Polyurea Polymers 0.000 description 1
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000005700 Putrescine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 240000000528 Ricinus communis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000004443 Ricinus communis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N Rosin Natural products O(C/C=C/c1ccccc1)[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N SnO2 Inorganic materials O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AWMVMTVKBNGEAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene oxide Chemical compound C1OC1C1=CC=CC=C1 AWMVMTVKBNGEAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002174 Styrene-butadiene Substances 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920004935 Trevira® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QYKIQEUNHZKYBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl ether Chemical compound C=COC=C QYKIQEUNHZKYBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005083 Zinc sulfide Substances 0.000 description 1
- URBHJJGWUIXBFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[Cl] Chemical compound [C].[Cl] URBHJJGWUIXBFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HXELGNKCCDGMMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N [F].[Cl] Chemical compound [F].[Cl] HXELGNKCCDGMMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XBUBOUAWQHGYHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Sn]=O.C1(=CC=CC=C1)C1=CC=CC=C1 Chemical compound [Sn]=O.C1(=CC=CC=C1)C1=CC=CC=C1 XBUBOUAWQHGYHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UKLDJPRMSDWDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L [dibutyl(dodecanoyloxy)stannyl] dodecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[Sn](CCCC)(CCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC UKLDJPRMSDWDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- IKWTVSLWAPBBKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N a1010_sial Chemical compound O=[As]O[As]=O IKWTVSLWAPBBKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001464 adherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RGCKGOZRHPZPFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N alizarin Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=C(O)C(O)=CC=C3C(=O)C2=C1 RGCKGOZRHPZPFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005804 alkylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- WYTGDNHDOZPMIW-RCBQFDQVSA-N alstonine Natural products C1=CC2=C3C=CC=CC3=NC2=C2N1C[C@H]1[C@H](C)OC=C(C(=O)OC)[C@H]1C2 WYTGDNHDOZPMIW-RCBQFDQVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052612 amphibole Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052898 antigorite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000413 arsenic oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229960002594 arsenic trioxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010428 baryte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052601 baryte Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- BNIPKPQOXMHMNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-1,3-diol;propane-1,2,3-triol Chemical compound OCC(O)CO.OC1=CC=CC(O)=C1 BNIPKPQOXMHMNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CUBCNYWQJHBXIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid;2-hydroxybenzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1.OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O CUBCNYWQJHBXIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MTAZNLWOLGHBHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N butadiene-styrene rubber Chemical compound C=CC=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 MTAZNLWOLGHBHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RGCPMRIOBZXXBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-1-olate;dibutyltin(2+) Chemical compound CCCCO[Sn](CCCC)(CCCC)OCCCC RGCPMRIOBZXXBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 1
- BMRWNKZVCUKKSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,2-diol Chemical compound CCC(O)CO BMRWNKZVCUKKSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RGTXVXDNHPWPHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,3-diamine Chemical compound CC(N)CCN RGTXVXDNHPWPHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LUZSPGQEISANPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyltin Chemical compound CCCC[Sn] LUZSPGQEISANPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052980 cadmium sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011089 carbon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052620 chrysotile Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006482 condensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004292 cyclic ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000058 cyclopentadienyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC1)* 0.000 description 1
- 229960002887 deanol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- FOTKYAAJKYLFFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N decane-1,10-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCCCCCCO FOTKYAAJKYLFFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000779 depleting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001983 dialkylethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RAABOESOVLLHRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N diazene Chemical group N=N RAABOESOVLLHRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RJGHQTVXGKYATR-UHFFFAOYSA-L dibutyl(dichloro)stannane Chemical compound CCCC[Sn](Cl)(Cl)CCCC RJGHQTVXGKYATR-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- AYOHIQLKSOJJQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutyltin Chemical compound CCCC[Sn]CCCC AYOHIQLKSOJJQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000118 dimethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000004205 dimethyl polysiloxane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013870 dimethyl polysiloxane Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012972 dimethylethanolamine Substances 0.000 description 1
- HGQSXVKHVMGQRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioctyltin Chemical compound CCCCCCCC[Sn]CCCCCCCC HGQSXVKHVMGQRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- POLCUAVZOMRGSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropyl ether Chemical compound CCCOCCC POLCUAVZOMRGSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004662 dithiols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BRWZYZWZBMGMMG-UHFFFAOYSA-J dodecanoate tin(4+) Chemical compound [Sn+4].CCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O BRWZYZWZBMGMMG-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004945 emulsification Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZSWFCLXCOIISFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N endo-cyclopentadiene Natural products C1C=CC=C1 ZSWFCLXCOIISFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- FJKIXWOMBXYWOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenoxyethane Chemical compound CCOC=C FJKIXWOMBXYWOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl acetate Substances CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- XUCNUKMRBVNAPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoroethene Chemical compound FC=C XUCNUKMRBVNAPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WBJINCZRORDGAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N formic acid ethyl ester Natural products CCOC=O WBJINCZRORDGAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940089256 fungistat Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930182478 glucoside Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- UKACHOXRXFQJFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptafluoropropane Chemical compound FC(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F UKACHOXRXFQJFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QQHJDPROMQRDLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QQHJDPROMQRDLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylene diisocyanate Chemical compound O=C=NCCCCCCN=C=O RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XXMIOPMDWAUFGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,6-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCCO XXMIOPMDWAUFGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920006178 high molecular weight high density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052892 hornblende Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003949 imides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002513 implantation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011256 inorganic filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Inorganic materials [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006317 isomerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIMLQBUJDJZYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophorone diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1(C)CC(N=C=O)CC(C)(CN=C=O)C1 NIMLQBUJDJZYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VJPLIHZPOJDHLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead titanium Chemical compound [Ti].[Pb] VJPLIHZPOJDHLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001684 low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004702 low-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OPUAWDUYWRUIIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanedisulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)CS(O)(=O)=O OPUAWDUYWRUIIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CRVGTESFCCXCTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl diethanolamine Chemical group OCCN(C)CCO CRVGTESFCCXCTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- XJRBAMWJDBPFIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl vinyl ether Chemical compound COC=C XJRBAMWJDBPFIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- QATBRNFTOCXULG-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-[2-(methylamino)ethyl]ethane-1,2-diamine Chemical compound CNCCNCCN QATBRNFTOCXULG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XFLSMWXCZBIXLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethyl-2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)ethanamine Chemical compound CN(C)CCN1CCN(C)CC1 XFLSMWXCZBIXLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZWRDBWDXRLPESY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-benzyl-n-ethylethanamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC1=CC=CC=C1 ZWRDBWDXRLPESY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940094933 n-dodecane Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KQSABULTKYLFEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-1,5-diamine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(N)=CC=CC2=C1N KQSABULTKYLFEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002667 nucleating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QYSGYZVSCZSLHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N octafluoropropane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F QYSGYZVSCZSLHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FGFWCOVNCKWNLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxalic acid;tin Chemical compound [Sn].OC(=O)C(O)=O FGFWCOVNCKWNLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoferriooxy)iron hydrate Chemical compound O.O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950008475 oxophenarsine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000001037 p-tolyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(=C([H])C([H])=C1*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000312 peanut oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- UKODFQOELJFMII-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentamethyldiethylenetriamine Chemical compound CN(C)CCN(C)CCN(C)C UKODFQOELJFMII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YWAKXRMUMFPDSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentene Chemical group CCCC=C YWAKXRMUMFPDSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004692 perflenapent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960004624 perflexane Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ZJIJAJXFLBMLCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N perfluorohexane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F ZJIJAJXFLBMLCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NJCBUSHGCBERSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N perfluoropentane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F NJCBUSHGCBERSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004065 perflutren Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XEBWQGVWTUSTLN-UHFFFAOYSA-M phenylmercury acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)O[Hg]C1=CC=CC=C1 XEBWQGVWTUSTLN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- DYFXGORUJGZJCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylmethanediamine Chemical compound NC(N)C1=CC=CC=C1 DYFXGORUJGZJCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003014 phosphoric acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000435 poly(dimethylsiloxane) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006389 polyphenyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006380 polyphenylene oxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005996 polystyrene-poly(ethylene-butylene)-polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006295 polythiol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006306 polyurethane fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000011056 potassium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- WFIZEGIEIOHZCP-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium formate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]C=O WFIZEGIEIOHZCP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000003141 primary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- AOHJOMMDDJHIJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylenediamine Chemical compound CC(N)CN AOHJOMMDDJHIJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N protonated dimethyl amine Natural products CNC ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ADRDEXBBJTUCND-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrrolizidine Chemical compound C1CCN2CCCC21 ADRDEXBBJTUCND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010107 reaction injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940066675 ricinoleate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052604 silicate mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011115 styrene butadiene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000012222 talc Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940095064 tartrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003509 tertiary alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003866 tertiary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000383 tetramethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 238000003856 thermoforming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001149 thermolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002769 thiazolinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- YODZTKMDCQEPHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiodiglycol Chemical compound OCCSCCO YODZTKMDCQEPHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950006389 thiodiglycol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000012974 tin catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- KSBAEPSJVUENNK-UHFFFAOYSA-L tin(ii) 2-ethylhexanoate Chemical compound [Sn+2].CCCCC(CC)C([O-])=O.CCCCC(CC)C([O-])=O KSBAEPSJVUENNK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- AFNRRBXCCXDRPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin(ii) sulfide Chemical compound [Sn]=S AFNRRBXCCXDRPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene 2,4-diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1N=C=O DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012745 toughening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-cinnamyl beta-D-glucopyranoside Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YJGJRYWNNHUESM-UHFFFAOYSA-J triacetyloxystannyl acetate Chemical compound [Sn+4].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O YJGJRYWNNHUESM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- REZQBEBOWJAQKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N triacontyl alcohol Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO REZQBEBOWJAQKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000428 triblock copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- IMFACGCPASFAPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributylamine Chemical compound CCCCN(CCCC)CCCC IMFACGCPASFAPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CWBIFDGMOSWLRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimagnesium;hydroxy(trioxido)silane;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].O[Si]([O-])([O-])[O-].O[Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] CWBIFDGMOSWLRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003258 trimethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:2])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:1] 0.000 description 1
- QXJQHYBHAIHNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylolethane Chemical compound OCC(C)(CO)CO QXJQHYBHAIHNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004418 trolamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- AVWRKZWQTYIKIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N urea-1-carboxylic acid Chemical group NC(=O)NC(O)=O AVWRKZWQTYIKIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960000834 vinyl ether Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000020234 walnut Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010456 wollastonite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052882 wollastonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
- DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Zn+2] DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/04—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
- C08J9/12—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent
- C08J9/14—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent organic
- C08J9/149—Mixtures of blowing agents covered by more than one of the groups C08J9/141 - C08J9/143
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/04—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
- C08J9/12—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent
- C08J9/14—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent organic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/4009—Two or more macromolecular compounds not provided for in one single group of groups C08G18/42 - C08G18/64
- C08G18/4018—Mixtures of compounds of group C08G18/42 with compounds of group C08G18/48
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/42—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain
- C08G18/4205—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain containing cyclic groups
- C08G18/4208—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain containing cyclic groups containing aromatic groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/48—Polyethers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/48—Polyethers
- C08G18/4804—Two or more polyethers of different physical or chemical nature
- C08G18/482—Mixtures of polyethers containing at least one polyether containing nitrogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/48—Polyethers
- C08G18/50—Polyethers having heteroatoms other than oxygen
- C08G18/5021—Polyethers having heteroatoms other than oxygen having nitrogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/48—Polyethers
- C08G18/50—Polyethers having heteroatoms other than oxygen
- C08G18/5021—Polyethers having heteroatoms other than oxygen having nitrogen
- C08G18/5033—Polyethers having heteroatoms other than oxygen having nitrogen containing carbocyclic groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/04—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
- C08J9/12—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent
- C08J9/14—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent organic
- C08J9/141—Hydrocarbons
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/04—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
- C08J9/12—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent
- C08J9/14—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent organic
- C08J9/143—Halogen containing compounds
- C08J9/144—Halogen containing compounds containing carbon, halogen and hydrogen only
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G2110/00—Foam properties
- C08G2110/0025—Foam properties rigid
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G2110/00—Foam properties
- C08G2110/0041—Foam properties having specified density
- C08G2110/005—< 50kg/m3
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G2115/00—Oligomerisation
- C08G2115/02—Oligomerisation to isocyanurate groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G2130/00—Compositions of compatibilising agents used in mixtures of high-molecular-weight compounds having active hydrogen with other compounds having active hydrogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G2170/00—Compositions for adhesives
- C08G2170/60—Compositions for foaming; Foamed or intumescent adhesives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2375/00—Characterised by the use of polyureas or polyurethanes; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2375/04—Polyurethanes
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Polyurethanes Or Polyureas (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)
Abstract
本发明提供一种制造多异氰酸酯基硬质闭孔泡沫的方法,包括让有机异氰酸酯与多元醇组合物反应,该组合物包括:a)芳族胺引发的聚氧化烯聚醚多元醇,羟基值为200meq多元醇/gKOH或更高;b)脂族胺引发的聚氧化烯聚醚多元醇,羟值为200meq/g KOH或更高,含量占多元醇组合物重量的10wt%或更低;和c)环戊烷,其中环戊烷被溶于多元醇组合物中。有机异氰酸酯和多元醇组合物在80-小于150范围内的异氰酸酯指数下反应,在整个这一异氰酸酯指数范围内,泡沫具有基本上恒定的K-因子并且是尺寸稳定的。
Description
本发明涉及用环戊烷发泡的硬质闭孔聚氨酯泡沫。更具体地说,本发明涉及使用其中可溶解环戊烷的多元醇组合物。多元醇组合物由至少一种芳族胺引发的聚氧化烯聚醚多元醇和10wt%或更低的脂族胺引发的聚氧化烯聚醚多元醇。
在硬质聚氨酯泡沫的制造中烃类再次被广泛地接受为有前途的替代发泡剂。由于烃类的非极性疏水特性,它们在用来制造硬质聚氨酯泡沫的许多多元醇中仅仅是部分可溶的,如果不是完全不可溶的话。烃-多元醇混合物的不溶性或差的贮存期迄今限制人们贮存多元醇和环戊烷混合物的批料供以后使用。由于环戊烷在多元醇中的差的溶解度,它必需在恒定的搅拌下并刚好在将发泡用成分输送通过混合头之前加入到多元醇中。环戊烷的不溶性也趋向于在聚氨酯泡沫中得到更大、更粗或不均匀泡孔结构。众所周知的是,泡沫的导热性一般因差的泡孔结构而提高。所以,关键的是刚好在发泡之前在恒定的搅拌下将环戊烷均匀地分散到多元醇混合物中,为的是获得具有所需热绝缘值的硬质聚氨酯泡沫。
在US专利5,391,317中,Smits通过使用烃作为发泡剂来制造同时具有良好尺寸稳定性和绝热性的泡沫。这一参考文献教导了C5-6脂环族链烷烃,异戊烷和正戊烷发泡剂的特殊混合物以特殊摩尔百分数与由芳族引发的聚醚多元醇、芳族聚酯多元醇和不同胺引发的聚醚多元醇混合使用。作为芳族引发的聚醚多元醇,Smits建议使用苯酚-甲醛树脂的氧化烯加合物。根据Smits的说法,脂环族和异构化脂族链烷发泡剂的特殊混合物可生产具有良好热绝缘值的泡沫。
获得在低密度下具有良好尺寸稳定性和热绝缘的闭孔硬质聚氨酯泡沫的问题也在Yoshimura等人“无HCFC硬质聚氨酯泡沫体系中成核催化剂的特性之研究”中有讨论。这一出版物报道了用于标准聚氨酯配方中测试各催化剂对泡沫的绝热性和尺寸稳定性的影响的许多催化剂的评价结果。所使用的标准配方含有40重量份的基于蔗糖的聚醚多元醇,30重量份的芳族胺引发的聚醚多元醇,和30重量份的脂族胺引发的聚醚多元醇,相当于芳族与脂族胺引发多元醇的重量比为1∶1。这一配方是根据以下发现来选择的:基于蔗糖和芳族胺的聚醚多元醇显示出与环戊烷的差的溶解性,而基于脂族胺的聚醚多元醇与环戊烷相互之间有良好的溶解性。结果,30重量份的脂族胺引发的聚醚多元醇用于标准配方中。该文章的作者还发现,随着脂族胺引发的聚醚多元醇含量从30重量份下降至15重量份和进一步下降至5重量份,环戊烷在多元醇中的溶解度下降得如此的多以致于形成了乳液,如表5中所公开。在描述这一效果时,作者指出环戊烷在多元醇组合物中的溶解度可通过提高基于芳族胺的多元醇的掺混比来降低。此外,不仅作者指出环戊烷在多元醇中的溶解度随着脂族胺引发的聚醚多元醇含量的下降和芳族胺引发的聚醚多元醇含量的提高而下降,而且还指出当提高芳族胺引发的聚醚多元醇含量时在导热性上没有显著的影响。
所以强烈希望提供一种可溶解环戊烷的多元醇组合物,以及从此类多元醇组合物制造具有良好热绝缘性的尺寸稳定硬质闭孔聚氨酯泡沫。
现在提供一种含有发泡剂和多元醇组合物的贮存稳定多元醇组合物,多元醇组合物至少含有:a)芳族胺引发的聚氧化烯聚醚多元醇,羟基值为200meq(毫当量)多元醇/g KOH或更高;b)脂族胺引发的聚氧化烯聚醚多元醇,羟值为200meq/g KOH或更高;和发泡剂是至少环戊烷,环戊烷的量占多元醇组合物重量的7wt%或更高,和脂族胺引发的多元醇的量是占多元醇组合物重量的10wt%或更低。环戊烷可溶于在多元醇组合物中使用的多元醇中。
还提供了基于多异氰酸酯的硬质闭孔泡沫及其制造方法,泡沫是在发泡剂存在下由有机异氰酸酯与多元醇反应制得,其中多元醇组合物含有至少:a)芳族胺引发的聚氧化烯聚醚多元醇,羟基值为200meq多元醇/g KOH或更高;b)脂族胺引发的聚氧化烯聚醚多元醇,羟值为200meq/g KOH或更高,含量占多元醇组合物重量的10wt%或更低;和发泡剂是至少环戊烷,环戊烷的量是占多元醇组合物重量的7wt%或更高。通过在多元醇组合物中使用这些成分,环戊烷发泡剂可溶于多元醇组合物中。还提供一种聚氨酯泡沫,其中多元醇组合物含有溶解的环戊烷。
该多元醇组合物可用来将环戊烷溶解于多元醇组合物中,无需牺牲和理想地改进所得到的聚氨酯泡沫的绝热性和尺寸稳定性。与Yoshimoto等人所报道的结果相反,惊人地发现,仅仅需要低于10wt%的脂族胺引发的多元醇就能够实现这些目的,即,溶解环戊烷而不形成乳液。进一步惊奇地发现,与Yoshimoto等人的发现相反,芳族胺引发的聚醚多元醇在本发明中使用损害了泡沫的绝热性。
另外还提供一种通过让有机异氰酸酯与多元醇组合物反应制造基于多异氰酸酯的硬质闭孔泡沫的方法,在多元醇组合物中溶解了而不是乳化了占多元醇组合物重量的至少7wt%或更高的环戊烷,多元醇组合物进一步含有至少:a)芳族胺引发的聚氧化烯聚醚多元醇,羟基值为200meq多元醇/g KOH或更高;b)脂族胺引发的聚氧化烯聚醚多元醇,羟值为200meq多元醇/g KOH或更高,含量占多元醇组合物重量的10wt%或更低。
提供一种由作为发泡剂的至少环戊烷和其中所述多元醇组合物组成的贮存稳定多元醇组合物。当多元醇组合物能够在至少5天的时间内将环戊烷保持在溶液中或保持在溶解状态时,多元醇组合物被认为是“贮存稳定”或“可溶”。环戊烷是否处在溶液中或处在溶解状态的测定是通过将环戊烷与多元醇组合物成分在透明玻璃瓶中混合、将瓶子封闭和在没有搅拌的情况下于室温下让内容物静置5天来测量的。如果肉眼检查没有形成两独立层的相分离现象,则认为环戊烷可溶于多元醇组合物中,和多元醇组合物被认为是贮存稳定的。
持续至少5天的这一试验仅仅为了测量具体的多元醇组合物配方是否适合于溶解环戊烷发泡剂。正如下面所进一步讨论的那样,可在发泡之前几周、发泡之前数秒或刚好在混合头处将环戊烷引入多元醇组合物中。本发明的范围包括这些实施方案中每一个。环戊烷可溶于多元醇组合物中的说法是指所使用的多元醇组合物必需能够溶解环戊烷,和既不限于在该过程中溶解了环戊烷的特定时刻也不限于用来测量多元醇组合物溶解环戊烷的能力的时间如5天。
当说多元醇组合物“含有”发泡剂如环戊烷或环戊烷发泡剂“溶解于”或与多元醇组合物是“在溶液中”的关系时,这将包括在多元醇组合物被引入混合头与有机异氰酸酯化合物反应之前环戊烷与其它多元醇组合物成分混合一定的时间(足以将环戊烷溶于多元醇组合物中)的那些实施方案,和不包括环戊烷作为单独的料流计量加入分配头中与有机异氰酸酯反应的那些实施方案。
多元醇组合物含有包括至少上述a)和b)多元醇的多元醇类。可包括在多元醇组合物中的其它成分是其它多元醇类,催化剂,表面活性剂,发泡剂,填料,稳定剂和其它添加剂。
在说明书和权利要求中所使用的术语“多元醇(类)”包括具有羟基、硫醇和/或胺官能团的多元醇。然而,这里所使用的术语“多元醇(类)”限于含有至少一些聚酯或聚氧化烯基团并具有数均分子量为200或更高的化合物。当词“多元醇(类)”与词语聚醚、聚酯或聚氧化烯聚醚一起使用或修饰它们时,词“多元醇(类)”则指用来定义多羟基官能化聚醚。
a)和b)多元醇都是聚氧化烯聚醚多元醇。这些多元醇一般是通过氧化烯与多羟基胺聚合制备的。任何合适的氧化烯可以使用,如环氧乙烷,环氧丙烷,环氧丁烷,环氧戊烷,和这些氧化物的混合物。可以从其它起始原料如四氢呋喃和氧化烯-四氢呋喃混合物;表卤醇如表氯醇;以及氧化芳链烯烃如氧化苯乙烯制备聚氧化烯聚醚多元醇。
包括在聚醚多元醇内的是聚氧化乙烯多元醇,聚氧化丙烯多元醇,聚氧化丁烯多元醇,聚四亚甲基多元醇,和嵌段共聚物,例如聚氧化丙烯和聚氧化乙烯聚-1,2-氧化丁烯和聚氧化乙烯多元醇的混合物,聚-1,4-四亚甲基和聚氧化乙烯多元醇的混合物,和从两种或多种氧化烯的掺混物或顺序加成物制备的共聚物多元醇。聚氧化烯聚醚多元醇可由已知方法制备,如Wurtz在1859和Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology[化学技术大全],7卷,257-262页(Interscience Publishers,Inc.(1951)出版)或在US1,922,459中所公开的方法。氧化烯类可分别地,一种一种按顺序地加到引发剂上形成嵌段,或混合加入形成混杂的聚醚。聚氧化烯聚醚多元醇可具有伯或仲羟基。优选的是胺引发的多元醇中至少一种,更优选a)和b)两种多元醇,是通过加入例如环氧丙烷作为端嵌段而被仲羟基封端的聚醚多元醇。优选的是a)和b)胺引发多元醇中一种或两种含有50wt%或更高,和最多100wt%的供形成仲羟基用的氧化烯,如聚氧化丙烯基团,以所有氧化烯基团的重量为基础计。这一用量能够通过在制造多元醇的过程中向引发剂分子中加入50wt%或更多的供形成仲羟基用的氧化烯来测量的。
a)和b)化合物的合适引发剂分子是伯胺或仲胺。对于a)芳族胺引发的聚醚多元醇,这些引发剂包括芳族胺如苯胺,N-烷基亚苯基二胺,2,4′-,2,2′-和4,4′-亚甲基二苯胺,2,6-或2,4-甲苯二胺,邻位甲苯二胺,邻-氯-苯胺,对-氨基苯胺,1,5-二氨基萘,亚甲基二苯胺,苯胺和甲醛的各种缩合产物,和异构化的二氨基甲苯,其中邻位甲苯二胺是优选的。
对于脂族胺引发的多元醇b),任何脂族胺,不管是支化或未支化的,取代或未取代的,饱和或不饱和的,都可以使用。作为例子,这些包括单-,二-和三链烷醇胺,如单乙醇胺,甲基胺,三异丙醇胺;和多胺类,如乙二胺,丙二胺,二亚乙基三胺;或1,3-二氨基丙烷,1,3-二氨基丁烷,和1,4-二氨基丁烷。优选的脂族胺包括任何二胺和三胺,最优选二胺。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,a)和b)多元醇各自具有数均分子量为200-750和标称官能度为3或3以上。标称官能度是指以引发剂分子的官能度预测的官能度,而不是在制备后最终聚醚的实际官能度。
胺引发的多元醇a)和b)具有200meq多元醇/g KOH或更高的羟值。低于200的羟值,泡沫的尺寸稳定性开始受损。可以相信,每一种胺引发的多元醇的最佳标称官能度是4或更高,羟值为400或更高。
脂族胺引发的聚醚多元醇b)的总量是10wt%或更低,以多元醇组合物中所有成分的总重为基础计。在另一个实施方案中,芳族胺引发的多元醇a)与脂族胺引发的多元醇b)的重量比是4∶1或更高,更优选在7∶1-11∶1范围内。我们发现,芳族胺a)多元醇比不使用多元醇a)的泡沫更能够改进泡沫的热绝缘性能。所以,希望向多元醇组合物中添加尽可能多的多元醇a)。然而,最初预见,芳族胺a)多元醇比脂族胺b)多元醇有更高的比例,或b)多元醇在多元醇组合物中的总量较低,将会防止环戊烷溶解在多元醇组合物中,进而使通过添加芳族胺引发的聚醚多元醇所获得的绝热性的改进效果显著地削弱,并促使泡沫更大地收缩。出乎意外地发现,环戊烷可溶于含有10wt%或10wt%以下的低总量的脂族胺引发的聚醚多元醇b)的多元醇组合物中,所得到的泡沫产物是尺寸稳定的并具有优异的绝热值。
本发明的范围广义地包括含有一起混合在混合物中的a)和b)的多元醇组合物,途径是:通过分别制备各聚醚多元醇,和然后将所得的聚醚多元醇混合成混合物;或者通过共引发方法,其中芳族胺和脂族胺引发剂首先被混合在一起,之后添加烯化氧和让烯化氧反应到引发剂掺混物上。后一方法是优选的方法。在后一方法中,脂族胺引发聚醚多元醇在多元醇组合物中的量将根据脂族引发剂在引发剂共混物中的百分数乘以聚醚多元醇(由烯化氧在引发剂共混物上的加成得到)在多元醇组合物中的百分数而计算的。
除a)和b)外的其它多元醇能够和优选被加入多元醇组合物中。这些包括聚硫醚多元醇,聚酯-酰胺和含有羟基的聚缩醛,含有羟基的脂族聚碳酸酯,胺终止的聚氧化烯聚醚,聚酯多醇,其它聚氧化烯聚醚多元醇,和接枝分散多元醇。还有,能够使用至少两种上述多元醇的混合物。优选的附加多元醇是聚氧化烯聚醚多元醇和/或聚酯多元醇。
除a)和b)多元醇外的附加聚氧化烯聚醚多元醇包括用多羟基化合物引发的那些。此类引发剂的例子是三羟甲基丙烷,甘油,蔗糖,山梨糖醇,丙二醇,二丙二醇,季戊四醇,和2,2-双(4-羟苯基)丙烷和它们的共混物。优选的多元醇是用具有至少四个可与烯化氧反应的活性位的多羟基化合物引发的并进一步可被环氧丙烷单独氧烷基化。在更优选的实施方案中,附加多元醇是具有标称官能度为5或5以上的聚氧化烯聚醚多元醇,它可用多羟基化合物引发。高官能度用来提高交联密度以获得尺寸稳定的泡沫。
合适的聚酯多元醇包括例如从多羧酸和多羟基醇获得的那些。可使用的合适多羧酸,如草酸,丙二酸,琥珀酸,戊二酸,己二酸,庚二酸,辛二酸,壬二酸,癸二酸,十三烷二酸,十六烷二酸,马来酸,富马酸,戊烯二酸,α-氢化己二烯二酸,β-氢化己二烯二酸,α-丁基-α-乙基-戊二酸,α,β-二乙基琥珀酸,间苯二酸,对苯二酸,邻苯二酸,1,2,3-苯三酸,和1,4-环己烷二羧酸。可使用合适的多羟基醇,如乙二醇,丙二醇,二丙二醇,三亚甲基二醇,1,2-丁烷二醇,1,5-戊烷二醇,1,6-己烷二醇,1,7-庚烷二醇,氢醌,间苯二酚甘油,甘油,1,1,1-三羟甲基丙烷,1,1,1-三羟甲基乙烷,季戊四醇,1,2,6-己烷三醇,α-甲基糖苷,蔗糖和山梨糖醇。也包括在术语“多羟基醇”内的是是从苯酚衍生而来的化合物,如2,2-双(4-羟苯基)丙烷,常常称作双酚A。
可与氧化烯缩合的合适多羟基聚硫醚包括硫二甘醇的缩合产物或诸如含羟基的聚酯的制备所公开的二羧酸与任何其它合适的硫醚多元醇的反应产物。
含羟基的聚酯也可以是聚酯酰胺,例如通过在制备聚酯的反应物中包含一些胺或氨基醇所获得的。因此,聚酯酰胺可通过氨基醇如乙醇胺与以上列出的多羧酸进行缩合反应获得或者它们能够通过使用构成含羟基聚酯的同样各组分,仅一部分的组分是二胺如乙二胺来获得。
可使用的含多羟基的磷化合物包括在US专利3,639,542中公开的那些化合物。优选的含多羟基的磷化合物是从氧化烯和P2O5当量为约72%-约95%的磷的酸制备的。
可与氧化烯缩合的合适聚缩醛包括甲醛或其它合适醛与二羟基醇或氧化烯如以上所公开的那些氧化烯的反应产物。
可与氧化烯缩合的合适脂族硫醇包括含有至少两个-SH基团的链烷硫醇,如1,2-乙烷二硫醇,1,2-丙烷二硫醇,1,3-丙烷二硫醇,和1,6-己烷二硫醇;链烯烃硫醇如2-丁烷-1,4-二硫醇;和链烯烃硫醇如3-己烯-1,6-二硫醇。
也合适的是聚合物改性多元醇,尤其,所谓的接枝多元醇。接枝多元醇在现有技术中是众所周知的并由一种或多种乙烯基单体(优选丙烯腈和苯乙烯)在聚醚多元醇(尤其含有少量天然或诱发不饱和键的多元醇)存在下进行聚合反应就地制得。制备该接枝多元醇的方法见于US专利3,652,639的1-5栏和实施例;US专利3,823,201的1-6栏和实施例;尤其US专利4,690,956的2-8栏和实施例;和US专利4,524,157;所有这些专利都被引入本文供参考。
非接枝聚合物改性多元醇也是合适的,例如,由多异氰酸酯与链烷醇胺在聚醚多元醇(由US专利4,293,470、4,296,213和4,374,209教导),含有侧挂脲基的聚异氰脲酸酯的分散液(US专利4,386,167教导),和也含有缩二脲键的聚异氰脲酸酯分散液(如US专利4,359,541教导)的存在下进行反应所制备的那些。其它聚合物改性多元醇可由聚合物的就地尺寸减少,直至颗粒尺寸低于20mm,优选低于10mm为止来制备。
多元醇组合物中多元醇的平均羟基值应该是400meq多元醇/g KOH或更高。落在下限以下的各多元醇可以使用,但平均值应该在此范围内。多元醇经平均后在此范围内的多元醇组合物能够制造良好尺寸稳定性的泡沫。在计算平均羟基值是否在此范围内时,明确地说,仅需要考虑数均分子量为200或更高的那些多元醇。
附加多元醇相对于多元醇a)和b)的量没有限制。然而,我们能够实现在制造具有良好绝热值的尺寸稳定泡沫的同时使环戊烷溶解于多元醇组合物中的目的,通过使用50wt%或50wt%以下的合并重量的多元醇a)和b),以所有多元醇的重量为基础。
本发明还包括使用至少环戊烷作为发泡剂。环戊烷可被加入到和溶解在多元醇组合物中一起贮存,然后用于发泡装置,或刚好在发泡成分被泵抽或计量加入到混合头之前将环戊烷加入到发泡装置的预混罐中并在多元醇组合物中溶解。此外,环戊烷可作为单独的料流加入到混合头内的发泡成分中,虽然因环戊烷暴露于混合头内的多元醇组合物中的时间较短而限制了完全的溶解。本发明多元醇组合物的优点是多元醇组合物使人们获得了含有环戊烷的稳定贮存多元醇组合物的自由度,或容易地在预混罐中用多元醇组合物溶解环戊烷,或者,在更短的时间内在混合头处添加环戊烷,以制造所需质量的泡沫。我们发现,本发明的多元醇组合物特别适合于将环戊烷用作发泡剂来生产满足预定目的的硬质闭孔的基于多异氰酸酯的泡沫。
环戊烷的用量是7wt%或7wt%以上,以多元醇组合物的重量为基础。环戊烷和任何其它发泡剂的具体用量将取决于泡沫产品的所需密度。对于大多数应用,供热绝缘应用的聚氨酯自由起发密度是在0.5-10pcf,优选1.2-2.5pcf范围内的自由起发密度。填充至10wt%的泡沫的优选总体密度(指高于发泡过程中填满模具的体积所需要的理论量的泡沫成分的wt%)是大约1.2-约2.5pcf,更优选1.3-2.0pcf。所有发泡剂的重量一般是基于多元醇组合物的7-30wt%。
除环戊烷外另外还使用的发泡剂可被分成化学活性发泡剂,它与异氰酸酯或与其它配方成分进行化学反应释放出气体供发泡用,和物理活性发泡剂,它在放热发泡温度或更低的温度下为气体而无需与发泡成分进行化学反应来提供发泡气体。包括在物理活性发泡剂的意义内的是热不稳定的和在稍高的温度下分解的那些气体。
化学活性发泡剂的例子优选是与异氰酸酯反应释放出气体如CO2的那些。合适的化学活性发泡剂包括但不限于水,分子量为46-300的一元羧酸和多羧酸,和这些酸的盐,以及叔醇。
水优选用作发泡剂。水与有机异氰酸酯反应释放出CO2气体,该气体是实际的发泡剂。然而,由于水消耗了异氰酸酯基,必须使用摩尔当量过量的异氰酸酯以补偿消耗的异氰酸酯。水常常被发现作为副产物微量存在于多元醇中并足以从化学活性物质提供所需发泡作用。然而,优选地,水另外以0.02-5wt%,优选0.5-3wt%的量引入多元醇组合物中,以多元醇组合物为基础。
所使用的有机羧酸理想地是脂族单-和多羧酸,例如二羧酸。然而,其它有机单羧酸和多羧酸也是合适的。若需要,有机羧酸也可含有在多异氰酸酯加聚的反应条件下表现惰性或与异氰酸酯反应的取代基,和/或可含有烯属不饱和基团。化学惰性取代基的特定例子是卤素原子,如氟和/氯,和烷基,例如甲基或乙基。取代的有机羧酸还可以含有至少一个其它能与异氰酸酯反应的基团,例如巯基,伯和/或仲胺基,或优选伯和/或仲羟基。
合适的羧酸因此是取代的或未取代的单羧酸,例如甲酸,乙酸,丙酸,2-氯丙酸,3-氯丙酸,2,2-二氯丙酸,己酸,2-乙基-己酸,环己烷羧酸,十二烷酸,棕榈酸,硬脂酸,油酸,3-巯基-丙酸,乙醇酸,3-羟基丙酸,乳酸,蓖麻油酸,2-氨基丙酸,苯甲酸,4-甲基苯甲酸,水杨酸和邻氨基苯甲酸;以及取代的或未取代的多羧酸,优选二羧酸,例如草酸,丙二酸,琥珀酸,富马酸,马来酸,戊二酸,己二酸,癸二酸,十二烷二酸,酒石酸,邻苯二甲酸,间苯二甲酸,和柠檬酸。优选的酸是甲酸,丙酸,乙酸,和2-乙基-己酸,特别优选甲酸。
胺盐通常是使用叔胺形成的,例如三乙基胺,二甲基苄基胺,二乙基苄基胺,三亚乙基二胺,或肼。甲酸的叔胺盐可用作化学活性发泡剂,它将与有机异氰酸酯反应。该盐可以本身添加或在多元醇组合物中所含有的任何叔胺(催化剂或多元醇)和甲酸之间的反应就地形成。
可以使用任何上述化学活性发泡剂的混合物,如甲酸,甲酸的盐,和/或水。
物理活性发泡剂是在放热发泡温度或更低的温度下,优选在50℃或更低的温度下沸腾的那些。最优选的物理活性发泡剂是臭氧消耗潜力(ODP)为0.05或0.05以下的那些。物理活性发泡剂的例子是具有2-7个碳原子的挥发性非卤代烃类,如链烷烃类,链烯烃类,具有至多6个碳原子的环烷烃类,二烷基醚,亚环烷基醚类和酮类;氢氯氟碳类(HCFC);氢氟碳(HFC);全氟烃类(HFC);氟化醚类(HFC);和分解产物。
挥发性非卤代烃类的例子包括直链或支链链烷烃类,例如丁烷,异丁烷,2,3-二甲基丁烷,正戊烷和异戊烷以及技术级戊烷混合物,正己烷和异己烷,正庚烷和异庚烷,正辛烷和异辛烷,正壬烷和异壬烷,正癸烷和异癸烷,正十一烷和异十一烷,正十二烷和异十二烷。正戊烷,异戊烷或正己烷,或它们的混合物是优选用作附加发泡剂。此外,链烯烃的特定例子是1-戊烯,2-甲基丁烯,3-甲基丁烯,和1-己烯,除环戊烷外的环烷烃类是环丁烷和环己烷,直链或环状醚的特定例子是二甲基醚,二乙基醚,甲基乙基醚,乙烯基甲基醚,乙烯基乙基醚,二乙烯基醚,四氢呋喃和呋喃和环戊酮。可以使用纯或技术级环戊烷,后者含有约70wt%的环戊烷,剩余物包括2,3-二甲基丁烷,戊烷,和异戊烷。如US专利5,391,317中所述的环戊烷、戊烷和异戊烷的混合物也包括在内,该专利文献被引入本文供参考。
在本发明中可以使用任何氢氯氟发泡剂。优选的氢氯碳发泡剂包括1-氯-1,2-二氟乙烷;1-氯-2,2-二氟乙烷(142a);1-氯-1,1-二氟乙烷(142b);1,1-二氯-1-氟乙烷(141b);1-氯-1,1,2-三氟乙烷;1-氯-1,2,2-三氟乙烷;1,1-二氯-1,2-二氟乙烷;1-氯-1,1,2,2-四氟乙烷(124a);1-氯-1,2,2,2-四氟乙烷(124);1,1-二氯-1,2,2-三氟乙烷;1,1-二氯-2,2,2-三氟乙烷(123);和1,2-二氯-1,1,2-三氟乙烷(123a);一氯二氟甲烷(HCFC-22);1-氯-2,2,2-三氟乙烷(HCFC-133a);偕氯氟乙烯(R-1131a);一氯七氟丙烷(HCFC-217);一氯二氟乙烯(HCFC-1122);和反式-氯氟乙烯(HCFC-1131)。最优选的氢氯氟碳发泡剂是1,1-二氯-1-氟乙烷(HCFC-141b)。
合适的氢氟碳,全氟化烃类和氟化醚类包括二氟甲烷(HFC-32);1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷(HFC-134a);1,1,2,2-四氟乙烷(HFC-134);1,1-二氟乙烷(HFC-152a);1,2-二氟乙烷(HFC-142);三氟甲烷;七氟丙烷;1,1,1-三氟乙烷;1,1,2-三氟乙烷;1,1,1,2,2-五氟丙烷;1,1,1,3-四氟丙烷;1,1,2,3,3-五氟丙烷;1,1,1,3,3-五氟正丁烷;六氟环丙烷(C-216);八氟环丁烷(C-318);全氟四氢呋喃;全氟烷基四氢呋喃;全氟呋喃;全氟丙烷,全氟丁烷,全氟环丁烷,全氟戊烷,全氟环戊烷和全氟己烷,全氟环己烷,全氟庚烷,和全氟辛烷;全氟二乙基醚;全氟二丙基醚;和全氟乙基丙基醚。
通过热分解释放出气体的分解型物理活性发泡剂包括核桃粉,胺/二氧化碳复合物,和链烷酸烷基酯化合物,尤其甲酸甲酯和甲酸乙酯。
可以使用大大加速含羟基化合物与改性或未改性多异氰酸酯的反应的催化剂。合适化合物的例子是用来缩短粘性时间、加强初始强度和防止泡沫收缩的固化催化剂。合适的固化催化剂是有机金属催化剂类,优选有机锡催化剂,虽然有可能使用诸如铅,钛,铜,汞,钴,镍,铁,钒,锑,和锰的金属。合适的有机金属催化剂,这里可例举锡为金属,是由下式表示的:RnSn[X-R1-Y]2,其中R是C1-C8烷基或芳基,R1是任意性被C1-C4烷基取代或支化的C0-C18亚甲基,Y是氢或羟基,优选氢,X是亚甲基,-S-和-SR2COO-,-SOOC-,和-O3S-,或-OOC-基团,其中R2是C1-C4烷基,n是0或2,前提条件是仅仅当X是亚甲基时R1是C0。特定例子是乙酸锡(II),辛酸锡(II),乙基-己酸锡(II),和月桂酸锡(II);和具有1-32个碳原子、优选1-20个碳原子的有机羧酸的二烷基(1-8C)锡(IV)盐,例如二乙酸二乙基锡,二乙酸二丁基锡,二乙酸二丁基锡,二月桂酸二丁基锡,马来酸二丁基锡,二乙酸二己基锡,和二乙酸二辛基锡。其它合适的有机锡催化剂是有机锡烷氧基化物以及无机化合物的单或多烷基(1-8C)锡(IV)盐,如三氯丁基锡,二甲基-和二乙基-和二丁基-和二辛基-和二苯基-锡氧化物,二丁氧基二丁基锡,二(2-乙基己基)锡氧化物,二氯二丁基锡,和二辛基锡二氧化物。然而,优选的是具有耐水解的锡-硫键的锡催化剂,如二烷基(1-20C)锡二巯基化物,包括二甲基-,二丁基-和二辛基-锡二巯基化物。
叔胺也促进尿烷键的形成,并包括三乙基胺,3-甲氧基丙基二甲基胺,三亚乙基二胺,三丁基胺,二甲基苄基胺,N-甲基-,N-乙基-和N-环己基吗啉,N,N,N′,N′-四甲基亚乙基二胺,N,N,N′,N′-四甲基丁烷二胺或-己烷二胺,N,N,N′-三甲基异丙基亚丙基二胺,五甲基二亚乙基三胺,四甲基二氨基乙基醚,双(二甲基氨基丙基)脲,二甲基哌嗪,1-甲基-4-二甲基氨基乙基哌嗪,1,2-二甲基咪唑,1-氮杂双环[3.3.0]辛烷,和优选1,4-二氮杂双环[2.2.2]辛烷,和链烷醇胺化合物类,如三乙醇胺,三异丙醇胺,N-甲基-和N-乙基二乙醇胺和二甲基乙醇胺。
为了由本发明的方法制备聚异氰尿酸酯(PIR)和PUR-PIR泡沫,使用聚异氰尿酸酯催化剂。合适的聚异氰尿酸酯催化剂是具有1-8个碳原子、优选1-2个碳原子的有机羧酸的碱金属盐,例如,钠盐,优选钾盐和铵盐,例如甲酸、乙酸、丙酸或辛酸的盐,和三(二烷基氨基乙基)-,三(二甲基-氨基丙基)-,三(二甲基氨基丁基)-和对应的三(二乙基氨基烷)-s-六氢三嗪。然而,甲酸(三甲基-2-羟丙)铵盐,辛酸(三甲基-2-羟丙)铵盐,乙酸钾,甲酸钾,和三(二甲基氨基丙基)-s-六氢三嗪是一般使用的聚异氰尿酸酯催化剂。合适的聚异氰尿酸酯催化剂的用量是1-10重量份,优选1.5-8重量份,基于100重量份的多元醇总量。
在使用或无需使用扩链剂和/或交联剂(c)的情况下制备含尿烷的泡沫,这些试剂对于获得所需机械硬度和尺寸稳定性来说在本发明中是不必要的。所用扩链剂和/或交联剂具有数均分子量低于400,优选60-300;或如果扩链剂具有聚氧化烯基团,则具有数均分子量低于200。例子是二亚烷基二醇和具有2-14个碳原子、优选4-10个碳原子的脂族、环脂族和/或芳脂族二醇,例如,乙二醇,1,3-丙二醇,1,10-癸二醇,邻-,间-和对-二羟基环己烷,二乙二醇,二丙二醇,和优选1,4-丁二醇,1,6-己二醇,双(2-羟乙基)氢醌,三醇类如1,2,4-和1,3,5-三羟基环己烷,甘油,和三羟甲基丙烷。
也可以使用仲芳族二胺,伯芳族二胺,3,3′-二-烷基和/或3,3′,5,5′-四烷基-取代的二氨基二苯基甲烷作为扩链剂或交联剂代替上述二醇和/或三醇或者与上述二醇和/或三醇混合,来制备聚氨酯泡沫。
若需要,扩链剂、交联剂或它们的混合物的用量较好是2-20wt%,优选1-15wt%,以多元醇组合物的重量为基础计。然而,优选的是不使用扩链剂/交联剂来制备硬质泡沫,因为上述聚醚多元醇足以提供所需机械强度。如果需要,将助剂和/或添加剂引入到反应混合物中以便由多异氰酸酯加聚方法来生产微孔塑料。特定例子是表面活性剂,泡沫稳定剂,泡孔调节剂,填料,染料,颜料,阻燃剂,水解防止剂,和真菌抑制剂和细菌抑制剂。
合适表面活性剂的例子是用来支持起始原料的均化和调节塑料的泡孔结构的化合物。特定例子是磺酸的盐类,例如十二烷基苯-或二萘基甲烷二磺酸和蓖麻油酸的碱金属盐或铵盐;泡沫稳定剂,如硅氧烷-氧化烯共聚物和其它有机聚硅氧烷,乙氧基化烷基酚类,乙氧基化脂肪醇,石蜡油,蓖麻油酯,蓖麻油酸酯,土耳其红油和花生油,和泡孔调节剂,如石蜡,脂肪醇和二甲基聚硅氧烷。表面活性剂通常以0.01-5wt%的量使用,基于100重量份的多元醇组分。
对于本发明的目的,填料是常规的有机和无机填料和增强剂。特定例子是无机填料类,如硅酸盐矿物,例如,层硅酸盐类如叶蛇纹石,蛇纹石,角闪石,闪石,纤蛇纹石,和滑石;金属氧化物类,如高岭土,氧化铝,氧化钛和氧化铁;金属盐类,如白垩,重晶石和无机颜料类,如硫化镉,硫化锌,和玻璃;高岭土,硅酸铝及硫酸钡和硅酸铝的共沉淀物,以及天然和合成纤维矿物,如硅灰石,金属纤维,和各种长度的玻璃纤维。合适有机填料的例子是炭黑,蜜胺,松香,环戊二烯基树脂,纤维素纤维,聚酰胺纤维,聚丙烯腈纤维,聚氨酯纤维,和基于芳族和/或脂族二羧酸酯的聚酯纤维,尤其碳纤维。
无机和有机填料可以单独或作为混合物加入并能够以基于组分(多元醇组合物和异氰酸酯)的重量的0.5-40wt%的量引入到多元醇组合物或异氰酸酯组分中;但从天然和合成纤维制造的纤维毡、无纺织物和织物的含量可以达到80wt%的值。
合适的阻燃剂的例子是磷酸三甲苯基酯,磷酸三(2-氯乙基)酯,磷酸三(2-氯丙)酯和磷酸三(2,3-二溴丙基)酯。
除了上述卤素取代的磷酸酯外,还有可能使用无机和有机阻燃剂,如红磷,氧化铝水合物,三氧化锑,氧化砷,多磷酸铵(Exolit)和硫酸钙,可膨胀的石墨或氰脲酸衍生物,例如蜜胺,或两种或多种阻燃剂的混合物,例如多磷酸铵和蜜胺和若需要的话玉米淀粉的混合物,或多磷酸铵、蜜胺和可膨胀石墨和/或若需要的话芳族聚酯的混合物,为的是使多异氰酸酯加聚产物阻燃。一般来说,每100重量份多元醇组合物可以使用2-50重量份,优选5-25重量份的阻燃剂。
有关以上所提到的其它常规助剂和添加剂的细节能够从专家们的文献中获得,例如从J.H.Saunders和K.C.Frisch的专题文章“HighPolymer(高聚物)”,XVI卷,聚氨酯,1部分和II部分,分别于1962年和1964年由Interscience Publishers出版,或Kunststoff-Handbuch(塑料手册),聚氨酯,VII卷,Carl-Hanser-Verlag,慕尼黑,维也纳,第一和第二版,1966和1983年。
被定义具有2个或多个异氰酸酯官能团的合适有机多异氰酸酯是普通的脂族,环脂族,芳脂族和优选芳族异氰酸酯。特定例子包括:在亚烷基中具有4-12个碳原子的亚烷基二异氰酸酯,如1,12-十二烷二异氰酸酯,2-乙基-1,4-四亚甲基二异氰酸酯,2-甲基-1,5-五亚甲基二异氰酸酯,1,4-四亚甲基二异氰酸酯和优选1,6-六亚甲基二异氰酸酯;环脂族二异氰酸酯如1,3-和1,4-环己烷二异氰酸酯以及这些异构体的任何混合物,1-异氰酸根合-3,3,5-三甲基-5-异氰酸根合甲基环己烷(异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯),2,4-和2,6-六氢甲苯二异氰酸酯以及相应的异构体混合物,4,4′-,2,2′-和2,4′-二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯以及相应的异构体混合物和优选芳族二异氰酸酯和多异氰酸酯如2,4-和2,6-甲苯二异氰酸酯和相应的异构体混合物,4,4′-,2,4′-和2,2′-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯和相应的异构体混合物,4,4′-,2,4′-和2,2-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯和多亚苯基多亚甲基多异氰酸酯(粗MDI)的混合物,以及粗MDI和甲苯二异氰酸酯的混合物。有机二-和多异氰酸酯能够单独或以混合物形式使用。对于生产硬质泡沫来说特别优选的是含有约50-70wt%多苯基多亚甲基多异氰酸酯和30-50wt%的二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯的粗MDI,以所使用的所有多异氰酸酯的重量为基础计。通常,使用所谓的改性多价异氰酸酯,即由有机二异氰酸酯和/或多异氰酸酯的部分化学反应获得的产物。例子包括含有酯基,脲基,缩二脲基,脲基甲酸酯基,碳化二酰亚胺基,异氰脲酸酯基和/或脲烷基的二异氰酸酯和/或多异氰酸酯。特定例子包括含有脲烷基和具有NCO含量为33.6-15wt%,优选31-21wt%的有机(优选芳族的)多异氰酸酯(以总重为基础计),例如与低分子量二醇、三醇、二亚烷基二醇、三亚烷基二醇或分子量至多6000的聚氧化烯二醇的反应产物;改性4,4′-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯或2,4-和2,6-甲苯二异氰酸酯,其中可以单独使用或以混合物形式使用的二-和多氧化烯二醇的例子包括二甘醇,二丙二醇,聚氧化乙烯二醇,聚氧化丙烯二醇,聚氧化乙烯二醇,聚氧化丙烯二醇和聚氧化乙烯-聚氧化丙烯二醇或三醇。下面将要描述含有NCO且NCO含量为总重的29-3.5wt%、优选21-14wt%和从聚酯多元醇和/或优选聚醚多元醇制备的预聚物;4,4′-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯,2,4′-和4,4′-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯的混合物,2,4-和/或2,6-甲苯二异氰酸酯或聚合MDI也是合适的。此外,含有碳化二酰亚胺基团且NCO含量为33.6-15wt%、优选31-21wt%(基于总重)的液体多异氰酸酯也被证明是合适的,例如,基于4,4′-和2,4′-和/或2,2′-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯和/或2,4′-和/或2,6-甲苯二异氰酸酯。改性多异氰酸酯可以任意性地混合在一起或与未改性的有机多异氰酸酯如2,4′-和4,4′-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯,聚合MDI,2,4′-和/或2,6-甲苯二异氰酸酯混合。
在本发明中使用的有机异氰酸酯优选具有平均官能度高于2,优选2.5或更高。这将在所得到的泡沫中提供更高的交联密度,改进了泡沫的尺寸稳定性。
为了生产硬质闭孔聚氨酯泡沫,有机多异氰酸酯和异氰酸酯反应活性化合物相互以这样的量进行反应,以使得异氰酸酯指数(定义为NCO基团的当量数除以异氰酸酯反应活性氢原子当量的总数乘以100)在80-低于150之间,优选在90-110之间。现已发现,本发明的多元醇组合物在各种各样加工中有很大的自由度,在宽的异氰酸酯指数范围内多元醇组合物的溶解性和所制备泡沫的尺寸稳定性和热绝缘性基本上不受影响。如果硬质泡沫含有至少一部分的键接的异氰脲酸酯基,则通常使用150-6000、优选200-800的异氰酸酯指数。
在本发明的方法中,提供了有机异氰酸酯与多元醇组合物的反应,多元醇组合物含有:a)具有羟值为200meq多元醇/g KOH或更高的芳族胺引发的聚氧化烯聚醚多元醇;b)含量占多元醇组合物重量的10wt%或更低的、羟值为200meq多元醇/gKOH或更高的脂族胺引发的聚氧化烯聚醚多元醇;和c)环戊烷;
其中环戊烷被溶于多元醇组合物中。在这一实施方案中,在与有机异氰酸酯反应之前多元醇组合物含有溶解的环戊烷。优选地,有机异氰酸酯和多元醇组合物在80-115的异氰酸酯指数下进行反应。在整个范围内泡沫的K-因子基本上是恒定的和泡沫是尺寸稳定的。基本上恒定的K-因子是指在这一范围内在最低和最高值之间值的变化是±10%或更低。在整个范围内,泡沫也保持尺寸稳定,如上所定义。K-因子的测量是从芯样品中取的,如下面在尺寸稳定泡沫的定义中所描述的,并且是初始K-因子。
从多异氰酸酯加聚产物制得的硬质泡沫理想地是由一步法生产的,例如使用反应注塑方法,或高压或低压方法,在敞开或封闭模具中(例如在金属模具中),或在现场灌塑应用中(其中与反应混合物接触的表面将变成成型制品的一部分。
起始组分可以在15-90℃、优选在20-35℃下混合并被引入敞开或封闭的模具中,如果需要,在超大气压下。异氰酸酯和含有溶解的环戊烷的多元醇组合物的混合能够借助于搅拌器或搅拌螺旋桨或在高压下由碰撞注射方法来机械方式进行。模具温度便利地是20-110℃,优选30-60℃,尤其45-50℃。
由本发明的方法生产的硬质泡沫和相应的结构泡沫例如用于运输车辆工业-汽车,飞行器和造船工业-和用于家具和运动器材工业。它们尤其适合在建筑和制冷部件中作为热绝缘体,例如,作为层压板或填充泡沫的制冷机、冷冻机壳体和野餐冷却箱的中间层。
对于现场灌塑应用,硬质泡沫可被倾倒或注塑形成第一基材/泡沫/第二基材的夹心结构体或者层压在基材上形成基材泡沫结构。第一和第二基材各自独立地由相同材料或不同的材料制造,这取决于最终用途。合适的基材包括金属,如铝,锡,或成型的片材金属,如在冷冻箱中使用;木材,包括复合木材;丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯(ABS)三嵌段共聚物橡胶(任意性地用苯乙烯-丁二烯二嵌段改性别),苯乙烯-乙烯/丁烯-苯乙烯三嵌段(任意性地用马来酸酐和/或马来酸官能化),聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯,聚碳酸酯,聚缩醛,用高抗冲聚苯乙烯(HIPS)改性的橡胶,HIPS与聚苯醚的共混物,乙烯和乙酸乙烯酯的共聚物,乙烯和丙烯酸的共聚物,乙烯和乙烯基醇的共聚物,乙烯和丙烯的均聚物或共聚物如聚丙烯,高密度聚乙烯,高分子量高密度聚乙烯,聚氯乙烯,尼龙66,或无定形热塑性聚酯。优选的是铝,锡,ABS,HIPS,聚乙烯,和高密度聚乙烯。
聚氨酯泡沫可以邻近或粘结于第一和第二基材的内表面,或聚氨酯泡沫可以邻近于被插入材之间合成材料的层或板坯。因此,在复合材料中各层顺序也包括第一基材/聚氨酯泡沫/层或板坯/第二基材或第一基材/层或板坯/聚氨酯泡沫/层或板坯/第二基材。
另外被插入到复合材料中的这些复合层的层或板坯可包括上述具有良好伸长性能的合成树脂的任何一种,如低密度聚乙烯或低密度线性聚乙烯作为应力释放层或促进聚氨酯泡沫与所选择第一和/或第二基材之间的粘附的材料。
当没有多少或没有粘结或粘附位的合成塑料如聚乙烯被选择为第一和/或第二基材,作为粘附促进层的替代物,则它可用来通过电晕放电或通过阻燃处理首先改性基材表面,以改进聚氨酯泡沫的粘附性。
在现场发泡操作中,各基材以一定间距关系固定以在第一和第二基材之间确定空腔,任意性地至少一个(优选两个)基材的内表面被处理以促进粘附。这一空腔然后填充液体聚氨酯体系,它就地反应和发泡,粘结于第一和第二基材的内表面。对于冷冻装置或冷却容器如野餐冷藏箱来说,热成型的内衬材料以嵌套间隔关系被插入冷藏箱或冷冻箱的外壳中以确定一空腔,空腔然后填充现场发泡的聚氨酯泡沫。在许多情况下,只有聚氨酯泡沫将外壳和内衬材料保持在一起,说明了泡沫尺寸稳定性的必要。
本发明的聚氨酯微孔成品是硬质的,指拉伸强度与压缩强度之比是很高的,大约为0.5∶1,并具有低于10%的伸长率。泡沫也是闭孔的,指开孔的数目是20%或20%以下,或相反,闭孔的数目是80%或80%以上,测量是在比由泡沫填充模具所需理论量高10%的过量灌料的模塑泡沫上进行的。
本发明的硬质聚氨酯微孔成品是尺寸稳定的,显示出很小的或没有收缩,甚至在自由起发密度为2.0pcf或更低下。在一个优选的实施方案中,使用密度为2.0pcf或更低、尺寸为3″×3″×1″并取自10%过量灌料盒(测量4″×10″×10″)的芯样品根据ASTM D 2126-87测试的本发明的硬质聚氨酯微孔成品理想地在7天暴露后具有以下尺寸变化:在158°F/100%RH下不超过±5%,更优选不超过±3%;在200°F/0.0%RH下不超过±5%,最优选不超过±4%;在-20°F下不超过±5%,优选不超过±3%。
根据本发明的优选实施方案的硬质闭孔泡沫的绝热值,从10%过量灌料的样品测量,是0.160BTU-in./hr.-ft2-F或更低初始值,更优选0.150或更低初始值。已经发现,脂族和芳族胺引发的聚醚多元醇混合使用所制得的泡沫比用替换量的脂族胺引发的聚醚多元醇所制得的泡沫显示出更低的K-因子。此外,环戊烷唯一充分地溶于被测试多元醇组合物中,该组合物使用了替换量脂族胺引发的聚醚多元醇。
在优选的实施方案中,硬质聚氨酯泡沫还理想地在它们的表面不会酥脆,尽管由于它们的低密度和具有高羟值和低当量的多元醇的存在。当根据ASTM C 421测试时,这些泡沫在芯密度为2.0pcf或更低,甚至在芯密度为1.5pcf或更低下显示出低于5%的表面酥脆性。低表面酥脆性使泡沫能够很好地粘附于基材。
这里所用的术语多异氰酸酯基泡沫也是指包括聚氨酯-聚脲,聚氨酯-聚异氰脲酸酯,聚氨酯,和聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫。
工作实施例多元醇A 是标称OH值为约397的蔗糖-二丙二醇共引发
的聚氧化丙烯聚醚多元醇。多元醇B 是用约90%邻甲苯二胺和约10%乙二胺(以引
发剂的重量为基础计)共引发的聚氧化乙烯-
聚氧化丙烯聚醚多元醇,该多元醇由占所有氧
化烯基团重量约68wt%的氧化丙烯基团封端并
具有标称OH值为约500。多元醇C 是乙醇胺引发的聚氧化丙烯-聚氧化乙烯多元
醇,该多元醇由占氧化烯基团重量约32%的氧
化乙烯基团封端并具有标称OH值为约500。多元醇D 是用邻甲苯二胺引发的并由占所有氧化烯基
团重量约61%的氧化丙烯基团封端和具有标称
OH值为约390的聚氧化乙烯-聚氧化丙烯多元
醇。多元醇E 是购自BASF AG的、具有OH值约114的脂族
胺引发的环氧丙烷-环氧乙烷加合物。TEGOSTAB B-8404 是购自Goldschmidt的硅氧烷表面活性剂。L-6900 是购自OSi公司的硅氧烷表面活性剂。POLYCAT5 是五甲基-二亚乙基三胺,购自Air
Products(气体产品公司),用于制备硬质泡沫
的催化剂。DMCHA 是购自BASF公司的二甲基环己基胺FOMREZ UL-1 是购自Air Products(气体产品公司)的二丁
基锡二巯基化物。ISO A 是具有游离NCO含量为31.8%和官能度约2.7
的多亚甲基多亚苯基多异氰酸酯。
实施例1
将用量为60重量份的多元醇A,40重量份的多元醇B,3重量份的L-6900,0.9重量份的POLYCAT 5,0.8重量份的DMCHA,0.1重量份的UL-1,和2重量份的水在纸杯中进行掺混。向混合物中添加14重量份的购自Phillips的含有约70%环戊烷的技术级液体环戊烷。混合物然后再次被搅拌60秒。环戊烷完全溶解在多元醇组合物中。在不搅拌的情况下让混合物静置一夜,环戊烷保持溶解在多元醇组合物中而不会有任何可检测到的相分离。在无搅拌下让混合物静置5天后,没有任何可观察到的相分离的证据。这证实了多元醇组合物是贮存稳定的和环戊烷被溶解并保留在溶液中。
使用如上所指出的相同量的相同成分,将多元醇组合物的第二批料混合入1.5加仑钢罐中并连到Edge-Sweets高压碰撞混合机中。将连接于机器的异氰酸酯罐中147.23重量份用量的ISO A与120.50重量份的多元醇组合物进行碰撞混合。机器参数被校准如下:树脂(g) 103.4异氰酸酯(g) 127.1泵转速(Pump RPMS)(r) 21.90泵转速(Pump RPMS)(i) 21.00三秒注射的重量(g) 230.5泵,磅/英寸2(Pump,psig) 2000克数(Grams)/秒 63.13杯中总净重(g) 252.50树脂重量/秒 34.47异氰酸酯重量/秒 42.37
发泡用成分从机器中注射到#10 Lilly杯中,并让其自由起发。在1.95pcf下测量密度,根据ASTM C518在0.136 btu in.ft2°F下测量初始K-因子。
对比实施例1
在实施例1中用来制备聚氨酯泡沫的相同泡沫配方和操作程序被用来制备对比实施例的泡沫,只是多元醇B被40重量份的多元醇D代替,它是纯脂族胺引发的聚醚多元醇。在这一实施例中环戊烷仅微溶于多元醇组合物中。在静置一天后,明显观察到在环戊烷和多元醇组合物之间的相分离。经搅拌后,环戊烷仅在多元醇组合物中形成乳液。所得到的泡沫产品具有自由起发密度为1.6pcf和初始K-因子为0.150 btu/in/ft2°F。
结果表明,芳族和脂族胺引发的聚醚多元醇的同时使用惊人地将环戊烷溶解于多元醇组合物中。在对比实施例中,我们预期脂族胺引发的多元醇的含量的提高将会进一步增强环戊烷在多元醇组合物中的溶解度,但事实上并不是如此。此外,十分惊人地是,为使环戊烷全部溶解于多元醇组合物中而需要低于10wt%(基于计算基础)的脂族胺引发的聚醚多元醇,和尤其约3.3wt%(基于实施例1中所用基础)。
实施例2
在这一实施例中,测量在不同异氰酸酯指数下制得的聚氨酯泡沫的热导率和尺寸稳定性。在各实施例中,发泡用成分从Edge-Sweets高压发泡机中分配。在异氰酸酯指数80下进行样品1-3的制备,在异氰酸酯指数90下进行样品4-6的制备,在异氰酸酯指数100下进行样品7-9的制备,在异氰酸酯指数110下进行样品10-12的制备。在每一组中,取出自由起发样品并测量初始热导率。此外,测量在不同密度下在每一组中泡沫的热导率和其它物理性能。多异氰酸酯组合物和异氰酸酯A的量连同机器参数一起记录在表1中。在自由起发样品和饼盒中在10%过量灌料下制得的泡沫都被测量它们的热导率,其中10%过量灌料的样品还要测量压缩强度,酥脆性,和尺寸稳定性。这些结果示于表2中。
结果表明,在低至80的异氰酸酯指数下制得的泡沫具有良好的绝热性并是尺寸稳定的。此外,在这些实施例的每一个中,环戊烷溶于多元醇组合物中。
表1
*70%纯度
样品 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
多元醇A | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 |
多元醇B | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 |
B-8404 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 |
POLYCAT5 | 0.90 | 0.90 | 0.90 | 0.90 | 0.90 | 0.90 | 0.90 | 0.90 | 0.90 | 0.90 | 0.90 | 0.90 |
DMCHA | 0.60 | 0.60 | 0.60 | 0.60 | 0.60 | 0.60 | 0.60 | 0.60 | 0.60 | 0.60 | 0.60 | 0.60 |
水 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 |
环戊烷* | 14.0 | 14.0 | 14.0 | 14.0 | 14.0 | 14.0 | 14.0 | 14.0 | 14.0 | 14.0 | 14.0 | 14.0 |
总量 | 122.5 | 122.5 | 122.5 | 122.5 | 122.5 | 122.5 | 122.5 | 122.5 | 122.5 | 122.5 | 122.5 | 122.5 |
ISOA | 107.07 | 107.07 | 107.07 | 120.46 | 120.46 | 120.46 | 133.84 | 133.84 | 133.84 | 147.23 | 147.23 | 147.23 |
指数 | 80 | 80 | 80 | 90 | 90 | 90 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 110 | 110 | 110 |
机器参数 | ||||||||||||
树脂(g) | 142.1 | 142.1 | 142.1 | 126.0 | 126.0 | 126.0 | 114.3 | 114.3 | 114.3 | 104.9 | 104.9 | 104.9 |
ISO(g) | 124.1 | 124.1 | 124.1 | 124.0 | 124.0 | 124.0 | 125.3 | 125.3 | 125.3 | 125.5 | 125.5 | 125.5 |
泵转速(r) | 30.9 | 30.9 | 30.9 | 27.10 | 27.10 | 27.10 | 24.3 | 24.3 | 24.3 | 22.00 | 22.00 | 22.00 |
泵转速(i) | 24.7 | 24.7 | 24.7 | 24.7 | 24.7 | 24.7 | 24.7 | 24.7 | 24.7 | 24.7 | 24.7 | 24.7 |
样品 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
泵出压 PSIG | 2000 | 2000 | 2000 | 2000 | 2000 | 2000 | 2000 | 2000 | 2000 | 2000 | 2000 | 2000 |
克/秒 | 86.63 | 86.63 | 86.63 | 76.43 | 76.43 | 76.43 | 72.72 | 72.72 | 72.72 | 69.57 | 69.57 | 69.57 |
自由起发混合时间(秒) | 3.0 | --- | --- | 3.5 | --- | --- | 3.50 | --- | --- | 3.50 | --- | --- |
自由起发密度(pcf) | 1.45 | --- | --- | 1.55 | --- | --- | 1.64 | --- | --- | 1.74 | --- | --- |
初始K-因子(but/in/hr.ft.2°F) | 0.152 | --- | --- | 0.153 | --- | --- | 0.153 | --- | --- | 0.151 | --- | --- |
混合时间,过量灌料(fcc) | 2.11 | 2.29 | 2.49 | 2.46 | 2.68 | 2.90 | 2.80 | 3.05 | 3.30 | 3.20 | 3.48 | 3.77 |
密度,过量灌料(pcf)) | 1.73 | 1.87 | 2.02 | 1.86 | 2.01 | 2.17 | 1.99 | 2.16 | 2.33 | 2.15 | 2.33 | 2.52 |
过量灌料% | 10 | 20 | 30 | 10 | 20 | 30 | 10 | 20 | 30 | 10 | 20 | 30 |
树脂/ISO比 | 1.1450 | 1.1450 | 1.1450 | 1.0201 | 1.0201 | 1.0201 | 0.9122 | 0.9122 | 0.9122 | 0.8359 | 0.8359 | 0.8359 |
表2
样品 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
芯密度(pcf) | 1.49 | 1.54 | 1.67 | 1.60 | 1.71 | 1.79 | 1.89 | 2.01 | 2.01 | 1.89 | 2.03 | 2.3 |
压缩强度 | ||||||||||||
10%挠曲Parl.(psi) | 24.9 | 27.2 | 26.2 | 29.9 | 29.9 | 29.4 | 32.0 | 34.5 | 34.2 | 36.4 | 36.2 | 35.4 |
屈服点 (psi) | 29.1 | 31.0 | 31.4 | 32.1 | 34.5 | 34.0 | 34.6 | 37.7 | 38.1 | 39.3 | 39.7 | 40.0 |
屈服点的挠曲% | 6.1 | 5.8 | 6.0 | 4.9 | 5.9 | 5.7 | 7.1 | 6.0 | 6.5 | 6.9 | 6.8 | 7.0 |
模量 (psi) | 577.0 | 604.2 | 605.8 | 679.4 | 661.2 | 674.5 | 693.3 | 734.9 | 731.3 | 798.1 | 766.9 | 767.3 |
K-因子(btu-in./hr.ft2°F | ||||||||||||
初始 | 0.146 | 0.146 | 0.148 | 0.146 | 0.145 | 0.148 | 0.150 | 0.151 | 0.153 | 0.152 | 0.152 | 0.156 |
10天,140F | 0.166 | 0.161 | 0.163 | 0.160 | 0.158 | 0.162 | 0.157 | 0.160 | 0.161 | 0.158 | 0.158 | 0.164 |
30天,140F | 0.174 | 0.170 | 0.171 | 0.169 | 0.167 | 0.171 | 0.175 | 0.175 | 0.178 | 0.178 | 0.177 | 0.180 |
松脆%(重量损失) | 2.41 | 2.85 | 3.82 | 2.97 | 4.23 | 5.04 | 2.76 | 3.43 | 3.25 | 3.14 | 3.93 | 2.61 |
样品 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
SSC(体积,%变化) | ||||||||||||
100F.100%R.H. | ||||||||||||
1天 | -1.7 | 0.7 | -0.3 | 0.2 | 0.8 | 1.6 | -0.6 | 0.5 | 0.6 | -0.8 | -0.8 | -0.2 |
2天 | -5.1 | 0.4 | -0.8 | 0.2 | 0.7 | 1.2 | -0.7 | 0.0 | 1.5 | -1.4 | 0.4 | 0.7 |
7天 | -8.3 | 0.6 | -2.0 | -0.5 | -0.2 | -0.3 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 1.6 | -0.4 | 0.8 | 1.2 |
14天 | -7.6 | 2.5 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.8 | 1.4 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 1.0 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.9 |
28天 | -4.8 | 3.3 | 0.5 | 1.5 | 1.3 | 2.1 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2.0 | 1.0 | 1.4 | 2.1 |
158F,100% R.H. | ||||||||||||
1天 | 0.0 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 0.7 | 1.0 | 0.3 | 0.6 | 1.2 | -0.1 |
2天 | -0.2 | 0.7 | 1.3 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.4 | 0.9 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 0.9 | 1.0 | -0.1 |
7天 | 0.4 | 0.8 | 2.3 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 1.6 | 1.8 | 1.4 | 1.5 | 1.2 | 1.6 | 1.1 |
14天 | 3.3 | 2.8 | 5.2 | 1.0 | 1.3 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.8 | 1.3 | 0.6 | 1.8 | 0.4 |
28天 | 6.0 | 5.3 | 6.8 | 2.9 | 2.5 | 2.6 | 3.3 | 2.8 | 1.4 | 2.1 | 2.6 | 1.9 |
158F,干热 | ||||||||||||
1天 | 0.1 | -0.5 | -1.0 | 0.2 | 0.0 | -0.1 | -0.3 | -0.1 | -0.2 | -1.1 | -0.5 | -0.2 |
2天 | 0.1 | -0.3 | -0.9 | -0.1 | -0.2 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.2 | -0.3 | -0.6 | -0.5 | -0.5 |
7天 | 0.7 | -0.2 | -0.2 | -0.1 | 0.2 | -0.1 | 1.4 | 1.6 | 1.1 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.6 |
样品 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
14天 | 0.5 | -0.2 | -0.7 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 1.7 | 0.6 | 0.2 | 0.7 | 2.0 | -0.1 |
28天 | 1.7 | 1.2 | 0.4 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 0.2 | 1.9 | 1.7 | 0.6 | 0.9 | 1.1 | 0.3 |
200F,干热 | ||||||||||||
1天 | -1.5 | -0.7 | -1.4 | -0.5 | 0.0 | -0.30 | -2.1 | -0.8 | -0.7 | -0.2 | -1.0 | -1.0 |
2天 | 0.2 | -0.3 | -1.3 | -0.4 | -0.2 | 0.1 | -2.1 | -0.8 | -0.7 | 0.0 | -0.4 | -0.6 |
7天 | 3.9 | 3.6 | 0.8 | 2.3 | 0.8 | 2.9 | 0.1 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 1.5 | 0.9 | 0.5 |
14天 | 6.2 | 4.8 | 2.6 | 0.9 | 0.6 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 6.8 | 1.0 | 2.5 | 1.6 | 1.0 |
28天 | 9.3 | 8.3 | 5.7 | 1.6 | 0.7 | 1.3 | 1.5 | 0.8 | 1.3 | 2.3 | 1.9 | 0.5 |
-20F,干热 | ||||||||||||
1天 | 0.3 | -0.6 | -0.4 | -0.3 | 0.1 | 0.1 | -0.6 | -0.1 | -0.7 | -0.1 | 1.7 | 0.2 |
2天 | -0.3 | -0.2 | 0.0 | 0.8 | 0.2 | 0.2 | -0.2 | -0.5 | -0.6 | -0.4 | -0.5 | -0.3 |
7天 | -1.3 | 0.3 | -0.4 | -0.7 | -0.3 | -0.2 | 0.4 | 0.3 | -0.1 | 0.3 | 1.2 | 0.7 |
以上结果表明,自由起发泡沫的初始K-因子基本上与在异氰酸酯指数80-110下相同。在10%过量灌料的泡沫中取出的芯样品的绝热性也基本上不随着异氰酸酯指数的变化而变化。随着密度的提高,热导率也趋向于稍微的提高。然而,在不同异氰酸酯指数下在具有等同密度的泡沫之间热导率的变化充分接近,以使得有非常宽的加工范围而无需牺牲泡沫的尺寸稳定性。在宽范围的密度下和在异氰酸酯指数80-110下聚氨酯泡沫的酥脆性是大约5%或更低。此外,在异氰酸酯指数80-110下聚氨酯泡沫的初始热导率的变化不会高于±0.01b.t.u.-in./hr-ft2°F。在异氰酸酯指数90-110下的更优选的实施方案中,较低的SSC值揭示了在宽范围密度下聚氨酯泡沫是非常的尺寸稳定的。
实施例3
在这一实施例中,测量被倾入15-夸脱Igloo Playmate野餐冷藏箱中的泡沫的热导率和尺寸稳定性。使用与实施例2中相同的操作程序,只是根据下表3中所列出的数据来改变成分,它们的量和机器参数。用来将泡沫倾入到15-夸脱Igloo Playmate野餐冷藏箱中的技术如下:
野餐冷藏箱体和插入件进行阻燃处理,然后安放在夹具中的冷藏箱模具被加热至110°F。将冷藏箱体和插入件放入夹具中,测定最低填充重量。在10,15和20%过量灌料下制备冷却箱。一旦倾出,让野餐冷藏箱在升温的夹具中固化2分钟。一旦取出,与前面所讨论的那样测试冷藏箱,用同一天的相同泡沫体系制得过量灌料盒子样品测定K-因子。结果示于下表4中。
表3
样品 | 13 | 14 | 15 |
多元醇A | 60 | 60 | 60 |
多元醇B | 40 | 40 | 40 |
L-6900 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 3.0 |
POLYCAT5 | 0.90 | 0.90 | 0.90 |
DMCHA | 0.60 | 0.60 | 0.60 |
水 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 |
环戊烷 | 14.0 | 14.0 | 14.0 |
总量 | 120.50 | 120.50 | 120.50 |
ISO A | 147.23 | 147.23 | 147.23 |
指数 | 110 | 110 | 110 |
机器参数 | |||
树脂(g) | 103.9 | 103.9 | 103.9 |
ISO(g) | 127.1 | 127.1 | 127.1 |
泵转速(r) | 738 | 738 | 738 |
泵转速(i) | 750 | 750 | 750 |
泵出压PSIG | 2000 | 2000 | 2000 |
克/秒 | 75.2 | 75.2 | 75.2 |
注射时间(s) | 3.47 | 3.70 | 3.81 |
重量(g) | 266.7 | 283.8 | 292.7 |
%过量灌料 | 10 | 15 | 20 |
模具温度(外/内),F | 130/110 | 128/106 | 128/107 |
冷却器注入温度,F | 110 | 106 | 107 |
脱模(分) | 2 | 2 | 2 |
被倾入到15-夸脱Igloo Playmate野餐冷藏箱中的聚氨酯泡沫的测量结果表明,在模拟使用条件下泡沫保持尺寸稳定。泡沫还显示出良好的初始K-因子和老化K-因子变化很小。
表4
样品 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
芯密度(pcf) | 1.91 | 1.75 | 1.84 |
压缩强度 | |||
10%挠曲Per.(psi) | 30.6 | 33.2 | 36.2 |
屈服点(psi) | 31.9 | 34.2 | 36.5 |
屈服点的挠曲% | 6.4 | 6.0 | 6.5 |
模量(psi) | 590.1 | 769.0 | 790.9 |
松脆%(重量损失) | 5.99 | 6.96 | 5.23 |
孔隙率(%未校正) | 93.99 | 95.48 | 95.66 |
SSC(体积%变化) | |||
100F,100%R.H. | |||
1天 | -0.3 | 0.6 | 0.9 |
2天 | -2.7 | 0.2 | 0.4 |
7天 | -4.6 | 0.1 | 1.1 |
14天 | -4.5 | 0.1 | 0.3 |
158F,100%R.H. | |||
1天 | 1.7 | 1.8 | 1.7 |
2天 | 0.9 | 1.6 | 1.5 |
7天 | 1.5 | 0.7 | 0.9 |
14天 | 3.2 | 1.6 | 1.4 |
158F,干热 | |||
1天 | -0.8 | -0.4 | -1.2 |
2天 | -0.8 | -0.4 | -0.7 |
样品 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
7天 | 0.0 | -0.1 | -1.1 |
14天 | 0.8 | 0.9 | -0.8 |
200F,干热 | |||
1天 | 0.7 | -0.5 | -1.7 |
2天 | 2.0 | 1.0 | -1.2 |
7天 | 4.0 | 5.3 | -0.7 |
14天 | 3.5 | 7.6 | 0.4 |
-20F,干热 | |||
1天 | -0.6 | 0.2 | -0.1 |
2天 | -0.8 | 0.2 | -0.9 |
7天 | -0.4 | 0.7 | 0.5 |
实施例4
在这一实施例中,使用单独制造和随后被混合在一起的芳族胺引发多元醇和脂族胺引发多元醇的混合物来制造聚氨酯泡沫。使用与实施例2中相同的混合操作程序,只是根据下表5中所列出的数据,对所使用成分的类型和量,以及机器设定条件进行变动。结果示于下表6中。
表5
表6
样品 | 16 | 17 | 18 |
多元醇 A | 60 | 60 | 60 |
多元醇 C | 36 | 36 | 36 |
多元醇 D | 4.00 | 4.00 | 4.00 |
3-8404 | 3.00 | 3.00 | 3.00 |
POLYCAT5 | 1.20 | 1.20 | 1.20 |
DMCHA | 0.80 | 0.80 | 0.80 |
水 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 |
环戊烷 | 12.00 | 12.00 | 12.00 |
总量 | 119.00 | 119.00 | 119.00 |
样品 | 16 | 17 | 18 |
ISO A | 136.87 | 136.87 | 136.87 |
指数 | 110 | 110 | 110 |
机器参数 | |||
树脂(g) | 109.90 | 109.90 | 109.90 |
ISO(g) | 125.90 | 125.90 | 125.90 |
泵转速(r) | 780.00 | 780.00 | 780.00 |
泵转速(i) | 750.00 | 750.00 | 750.00 |
泵出压 PSIG | 2000 | 2000 | 2000 |
克/秒 | 78.23 | 78.23 | 78.23 |
自由起发混合时间(秒) | 3.50 | 3.50 | 3.50 |
自由起发密度(pcf) | 1.60 | 1.60 | 1.60 |
初始K-因子(but/in/hr.ft2°F) | 0.158 | 0.159 | 0.160 |
混合时间,过量灌料(fcc) | 2.50 | 2.75 | 3.01 |
密度过量灌料(pcf) | 1.92 | 2.10 | 2.28 |
过量灌料% | 10 | 20 | 30 |
树脂/ISO比 | 0.8729 | 0.8729 | 0.8729 |
样品 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
芯密度(pcf) | 1.77 | 1.89 | 2.04 |
压缩强度 | |||
10%挠曲Parl.(psi) | 24.0 | 25.4 | 36.6 |
屈服点(psi) | 27.9 | 29.0 | 29.3 |
屈服点的挠曲%Pt | 6.7 | 6.9 | 7.6 |
样品 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
模量(psi) | 606.5 | 602.2 | 547.7 |
K-因子(btu-in./hr.ft2°F | |||
初始 | 0.158 | 0.159 | 0.160 |
10天,140F | 0.196 | 0.202 | 0.202 |
松脆%(重量损失) | 9.16 | 9.41 | 10.01 |
孔隙率,未校正 | 86.29 | 89.15 | 89.46 |
孔隙率,校正 | 99.16 | 100.00 | 100.00 |
SSC(体积%变化) | |||
100F,100%R.H. | |||
1天 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 1.3 |
2天 | 0.0 | -0.1 | 0.8 |
7天 | 0.1 | 0.7 | 0.9 |
14天 | 1.7 | 1.9 | 1.9 |
158F,100%R.H. | |||
1天 | 0.9 | 0.3 | 0.7 |
2天 | 1.3 | 0.4 | 1.0 |
7天 | 2.0 | 0.3 | 1.1 |
14天 | 3.0 | 0.5 | 1.4 |
158F,干热 | |||
1天 | -0.2 | 0.2 | -0.3 |
2天 | -0.4 | -0.4 | -0.8 |
7天 | 0.4 | 0.7 | 0.0 |
14天 | 0.5 | 1.9 | 0.1 |
200F,干热 | |||
1天 | 0.4 | 0.3 | -0.1 |
2天 | -0.1 | 0.3 | -0.8 |
样品 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
7 | 0.1 | 0.3 | -1.1 |
14 | -0.2 | 0.2 | -1.5 |
-20F,干热 | |||
1天 | -0.3 | 0.0 | 0.3 |
2天 | -0.6 | 0.0 | -0.1 |
7天 | -0.1 | 0.2 | 0.5 |
在样品16-18中的多元醇组合物被测试环戊烷溶解度。在让含有14重量份环戊烷的多元醇组合物静置5天后,没有检测到相分离的明显证据。因此,环戊烷也溶解于含有单独制造的芳族胺引发多元醇和脂族胺引发多元醇的混合物的多元醇组合物中。从该多元醇组合物制备的泡沫由极低体积变化表明是尺寸稳定的。
Claims (29)
1、制造多异氰酸酯基硬质闭孔泡沫的方法,该方法包括在发泡剂存在
下由有机异氰酸酯与多元醇组合物反应,其中多元醇组合物含有:a)芳族胺引发的聚氧化烯聚醚多元醇,羟基值为200meq多元醇/g KOH或更高;b)脂族胺引发的聚氧化烯聚醚多元醇,羟值为200meq/g KOH或更高,含量占多元醇组合物重量的10wt%或更低;和包括环戊烷的发泡剂,其量是占多元醇组合物重量的7wt%或更高,其中环戊烷可溶于多元醇组合物中。
2、根据权利要求1的方法,其中a)和b)多元醇一起包括由芳族胺和脂族胺与烯化氧共引发所获得的多元醇,和多元醇组合物含有溶解的环戊烷。
3、权利要求2的方法,其中多元醇组合物进一步包括标称官能度为5或更高的羟基官能化聚氧化烯聚醚多元醇。
4、权利要求3的方法,其中多元醇组合物中多元醇的平均羟基值是400meq多元醇/g KOH或更高。
5、权利要求4的方法,其中a)和b)多元醇的量是50wt%或更低,以多元醇组合物中所有数均分子量为200或更高的多元醇的重量为基础计。
6、权利要求3的方法,其中芳族胺引发多元醇和脂族胺引发多元醇的重量比是4∶1或更高。
7、权利要求6的方法,其中所述重量比是7∶1-1∶1。
8、权利要求2的方法,其中a)和b)多元醇各含有占所有氧化烯基团重量的50wt%或更高的聚氧化丙烯基团。
9、权利要求1的方法,其中多元醇组合物进一步包括0.05-4wt%的水。
10、权利要求1的方法,其中多元醇组合物进一步包括标称官能度为5或更高的羟基官能化聚氧化烯聚醚多元醇。
11、权利要求1的方法,其中具有数均分子量为200或更高的所有多元醇的平均羟基值是400meq多元醇/g KOH或更高。
12、权利要求1的方法,其中a)和b)多元醇的量是50wt%或更低,以多元醇组合物中所有数均分子量为200或更高的多元醇的重量为基础计。
13、权利要求1的方法,其中芳族胺引发多元醇与脂族胺引发多元醇的重量比是4∶1或更高。
14、权利要求13的方法,其中所述重量比是7∶1-11∶1。
15、权利要求1的方法,其中a)和b)多元醇含有50wt%或更高的聚氧化丙烯基团,以用来制造a)和b)多元醇的所有氧化烯基团的重量为基础计。
16、权利要求1的方法,其中泡沫具有初始K-因子为0.160BTU-in./hr.-ft2-F。
17、权利要求16的方法,其中泡沫是尺寸稳定的。
18、权利要求1的方法,其中多元醇组合物含有溶解的环戊烷。
19、权利要求1的方法,其中有机异氰酸酯和多元醇组合物是在80-小于150范围内的异氰酸酯指数下反应。
20、权利要求19的方法,其中指数是在80-115范围内,和在整个指数范围内泡沫的K-因子基本上是恒定的而且泡沫保持尺寸稳定。
21、一种制造多异氰酸酯基硬质闭孔泡沫的方法,包括让有机异氰酸酯与多元醇组合物反应,该组合物包括:a)芳族胺引发的聚氧化烯聚醚多元醇,羟基值为200meq多元醇/g KOH或更高;b)脂族胺引发的聚氧化烯聚醚多元醇,羟值为200meq/g KOH或更高,含量占多元醇组合物重量的10wt%或更低;和c)环戊烷,
其中环戊烷被溶于多元醇组合物中。
22、权利要求21的方法,其中有机异氰酸酯和多元醇组合物在80-小于150范围内的异氰酸酯指数下反应。
23、权利要求22的方法,其中异氰酸酯指数是80-115。
24、权利要求23的方法,其中在整个异氰酸酯指数范围内,泡沫具有基本上恒定的初始K-因子并且是尺寸稳定的。
25、权利要求21的方法,其中环戊烷的量是占多元醇组合物的重量的7wt%或更高。
26、权利要求25的方法,其中多元醇组合物进一步含有水作为助发泡剂,发泡剂包括占多元醇组合物重量的7wt%或更高的环戊烷,其中环戊烷可溶于多元醇组合物中。
27、权利要求21的方法,其中芳族胺引发多元醇与脂族胺引发多元醇的重量比是4∶1或更高。
28、根据权利要求1的方法所获得的所有的多异氰酸酯基硬质泡沫。
29、贮存稳定的多元醇组合物,包括:a)芳族胺引发的聚氧化烯聚醚多元醇,羟基值为200meq多元醇/g KOH或更高;b)脂族胺引发的聚氧化烯聚醚多元醇,羟值为200meq/g KOH或更高,含量占多元醇组合物重量的10wt%或更低;和c)环戊烷,
其中环戊烷被溶于多元醇组合物中。
Applications Claiming Priority (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US08/548,362 US5525641A (en) | 1995-11-01 | 1995-11-01 | Method of making insulating rigid polyurethane foams |
US08/551,507 US5547998A (en) | 1995-11-01 | 1995-11-01 | Insulating rigid polyurethane foam compositions |
US08/551,658 | 1995-11-01 | ||
US08/548,362 | 1995-11-01 | ||
US08/551,507 | 1995-11-01 | ||
US08/551,658 US5523334A (en) | 1995-11-01 | 1995-11-01 | Insulating rigid polyurethane foams |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN1201472A true CN1201472A (zh) | 1998-12-09 |
CN1074007C CN1074007C (zh) | 2001-10-31 |
Family
ID=27415529
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN96198026A Expired - Fee Related CN1074007C (zh) | 1995-11-01 | 1996-10-24 | 制造绝缘硬质聚氨酯泡沫的方法 |
Country Status (11)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0858477B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR19990067231A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1074007C (zh) |
AR (1) | AR004257A1 (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE181940T1 (zh) |
AU (1) | AU708710B2 (zh) |
BR (1) | BR9611205A (zh) |
DE (1) | DE69603198T2 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2135927T5 (zh) |
NZ (1) | NZ320275A (zh) |
WO (1) | WO1997016477A1 (zh) |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN100336851C (zh) * | 2000-06-02 | 2007-09-12 | 美利肯公司 | 聚氨酯泡沫的烧焦抑制组合物 |
CN101065427B (zh) * | 2004-11-29 | 2010-06-16 | 巴斯福股份公司 | 改性开孔泡沫及其生产方法 |
CN102652145A (zh) * | 2009-12-11 | 2012-08-29 | 巴斯夫欧洲公司 | 基于芳族胺的改进多孔材料 |
CN105073810A (zh) * | 2013-01-15 | 2015-11-18 | 巴斯夫欧洲公司 | 硬质泡沫体 |
CN107090094A (zh) * | 2005-06-24 | 2017-08-25 | 霍尼韦尔国际公司 | 发泡剂和含氟取代烯烃组合物以及起泡方法 |
CN107531873A (zh) * | 2015-03-17 | 2018-01-02 | 陶氏环球技术有限责任公司 | 硬质聚氨酯泡沫的异氰酸酯反应性配制物 |
CN111386422A (zh) * | 2017-11-28 | 2020-07-07 | 陶氏环球技术有限责任公司 | 隔热箱 |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19723193A1 (de) * | 1997-06-03 | 1998-12-10 | Bayer Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von geschlossenzelligen Polyurethan-Hartschaumstoffen mit geringer Wärmeleitfähigkeit |
JP4146572B2 (ja) * | 1999-04-08 | 2008-09-10 | 住化バイエルウレタン株式会社 | 硬質ポリウレタンフォームの製造方法及び硬質ポリウレタンフォーム用組成物 |
DE10053510C2 (de) * | 2000-10-27 | 2002-12-19 | Stahl Kuechen & Hygiene Gmbh | Anordnung eines Einrichtungselements in einem Baukörper |
JP2009516022A (ja) | 2005-11-14 | 2009-04-16 | ダウ グローバル テクノロジーズ インコーポレイティド | 向上した熱伝導率を有する硬質ポリウレタン発泡体の成形方法 |
KR102465857B1 (ko) | 2015-12-14 | 2022-11-11 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 폴리우레탄 폼, 이를 포함하는 냉장고 및 폴리우레탄 폼의 제조 방법 |
US10801836B2 (en) * | 2017-06-13 | 2020-10-13 | The Boeing Company | Composite parts that facilitate ultrasonic imaging of layer boundaries |
ES2945792T3 (es) | 2018-04-03 | 2023-07-07 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | Formulaciones de espuma |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH0236217A (ja) * | 1988-07-27 | 1990-02-06 | Hitachi Ltd | 硬質ポリウレタンフォーム及びその製造方法と断熱材並びにそれを用いた冷蔵庫 |
DE3933335C2 (de) * | 1989-10-06 | 1998-08-06 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Polyurethan-Hartschaumstoffen mit geringer Wärmeleitfähigkeit und ihre Verwendung |
RU2163913C2 (ru) * | 1992-08-04 | 2001-03-10 | Байер Аг | Способ получения жесткого пенополиуретана |
US5387618A (en) * | 1993-12-27 | 1995-02-07 | The Dow Chemical Company | Process for preparing a polyurethane foam in the presence of a hydrocarbon blowing agent |
DE19502578A1 (de) * | 1995-01-27 | 1996-08-01 | Bayer Ag | Neue Polyetherpolyole, Polyformulierung enthaltend diese Polyetherpolyole und deren Verwendnung zur Herstellung von harten Polyurethanschaumstoffen |
-
1996
- 1996-10-24 ES ES96934804T patent/ES2135927T5/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-10-24 NZ NZ320275A patent/NZ320275A/en unknown
- 1996-10-24 KR KR1019980703188A patent/KR19990067231A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1996-10-24 CN CN96198026A patent/CN1074007C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-10-24 EP EP96934804A patent/EP0858477B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-10-24 AT AT96934804T patent/ATE181940T1/de active
- 1996-10-24 BR BR9611205A patent/BR9611205A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1996-10-24 AU AU72983/96A patent/AU708710B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1996-10-24 DE DE69603198T patent/DE69603198T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-10-24 WO PCT/EP1996/004615 patent/WO1997016477A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1996-11-01 AR ARP960105000A patent/AR004257A1/es unknown
Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN100336851C (zh) * | 2000-06-02 | 2007-09-12 | 美利肯公司 | 聚氨酯泡沫的烧焦抑制组合物 |
CN101065427B (zh) * | 2004-11-29 | 2010-06-16 | 巴斯福股份公司 | 改性开孔泡沫及其生产方法 |
CN107090094A (zh) * | 2005-06-24 | 2017-08-25 | 霍尼韦尔国际公司 | 发泡剂和含氟取代烯烃组合物以及起泡方法 |
CN102652145A (zh) * | 2009-12-11 | 2012-08-29 | 巴斯夫欧洲公司 | 基于芳族胺的改进多孔材料 |
CN102652145B (zh) * | 2009-12-11 | 2014-04-16 | 巴斯夫欧洲公司 | 基于芳族胺的改进多孔材料 |
CN105073810A (zh) * | 2013-01-15 | 2015-11-18 | 巴斯夫欧洲公司 | 硬质泡沫体 |
US9745408B2 (en) | 2013-01-15 | 2017-08-29 | Basf Se | Rigid foam |
CN107531873A (zh) * | 2015-03-17 | 2018-01-02 | 陶氏环球技术有限责任公司 | 硬质聚氨酯泡沫的异氰酸酯反应性配制物 |
CN107531873B (zh) * | 2015-03-17 | 2020-09-01 | 陶氏环球技术有限责任公司 | 硬质聚氨酯泡沫的异氰酸酯反应性配制物 |
CN111386422A (zh) * | 2017-11-28 | 2020-07-07 | 陶氏环球技术有限责任公司 | 隔热箱 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE69603198T2 (de) | 1999-10-28 |
ATE181940T1 (de) | 1999-07-15 |
AU708710B2 (en) | 1999-08-12 |
EP0858477B2 (en) | 2008-05-07 |
WO1997016477A1 (en) | 1997-05-09 |
EP0858477A1 (en) | 1998-08-19 |
CN1074007C (zh) | 2001-10-31 |
KR19990067231A (ko) | 1999-08-16 |
AU7298396A (en) | 1997-05-22 |
DE69603198D1 (de) | 1999-08-12 |
ES2135927T3 (es) | 1999-11-01 |
NZ320275A (en) | 1999-09-29 |
EP0858477B1 (en) | 1999-07-07 |
ES2135927T5 (es) | 2008-07-01 |
BR9611205A (pt) | 1999-03-30 |
AR004257A1 (es) | 1998-11-04 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP3097132B1 (en) | Process for making rigid polyurethane or urethane-modified polyisocyanurate foams | |
US5677359A (en) | Three component polyol blend for use in insulating rigid polyurethane foams | |
US20180134861A1 (en) | Polyurethane foams co-blown with a mixture of a hydrocarbon and a halogenated olefin | |
CN101878253A (zh) | 包含顺式-1,1,1,4,4,4-六氟-2-丁烯泡沫形成组合物的组合物以及所述组合物制备基于多异氰酸酯的泡沫的用途 | |
CN1074007C (zh) | 制造绝缘硬质聚氨酯泡沫的方法 | |
US5786400A (en) | Process for the production of a rigid polyurethane foam and a composition for the production of a rigid polyurethane foam | |
EP3784709A1 (en) | Rigid polyurethane foams suitable for use as panel insulation | |
CN102124043A (zh) | 包含2-氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯与烃的混合物的泡沫形成组合物以及它们在基于多异氰酸酯的泡沫制备中的用途 | |
EP3935097A1 (en) | Polyol blends and their use in producing pur-pir foam-forming compositions | |
WO2017100232A1 (en) | Rigid polyurethane foams suitable for wall insulation | |
US20060135636A1 (en) | Isocyanate-based polymer foams with nano-scale materials | |
CA2182740C (en) | Insulating rigid polyurethane foams | |
CA2182739C (en) | A method of making insulating rigid polyurethane foams | |
GB2365013A (en) | Alkylene oxide modified silicon glycol compatibilizing agents for stable polyester polyol compositions | |
EP3601395B1 (en) | Process for making rigid polyurethane or urethane-modified polyisocyanurate foams | |
CA2182741C (en) | Insulating rigid polyurethane foam compositions | |
JP2000290346A (ja) | 硬質ポリウレタンフォームの製造方法及び硬質ポリウレタンフォーム用組成物 | |
US20030020042A1 (en) | Stable polyester polyol composition | |
EP3814395A1 (en) | Rigid polyurethane foams | |
MXPA97002991A (en) | Polyol mixtures of three components to use will seize rigi polyurethane foams | |
JPH08176257A (ja) | ポリオール組成物ならびに硬質ポリウレタンフォームの製造方法 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
C06 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
GR01 | Patent grant | ||
C19 | Lapse of patent right due to non-payment of the annual fee | ||
CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |