CN116589313B - A method for preparing organic compost - Google Patents
A method for preparing organic compost Download PDFInfo
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- CN116589313B CN116589313B CN202310413187.7A CN202310413187A CN116589313B CN 116589313 B CN116589313 B CN 116589313B CN 202310413187 A CN202310413187 A CN 202310413187A CN 116589313 B CN116589313 B CN 116589313B
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- fermentation
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- organic fertilizer
- rice straw
- temperature
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 239000002361 compost Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 77
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 77
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- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 22
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
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- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 57
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims description 52
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 claims description 50
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 50
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- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 42
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- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 21
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- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 14
- ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium nitrate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 14
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- 235000010983 sucrose acetate isobutyrate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910021578 Iron(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- GHAZCVNUKKZTLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-ethyl-succinimide Natural products CCN1C(=O)CCC1=O GHAZCVNUKKZTLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- HDFGOPSGAURCEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-ethylmaleimide Chemical compound CCN1C(=O)C=CC1=O HDFGOPSGAURCEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- ZOIORXHNWRGPMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;zinc Chemical compound [Zn].CC(O)=O.CC(O)=O ZOIORXHNWRGPMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000365 copper sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- CDMADVZSLOHIFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N disodium;3,7-dioxido-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3,5,7-tetraborabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane;decahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Na+].[Na+].O1B([O-])OB2OB([O-])OB1O2 CDMADVZSLOHIFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
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- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 7
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- YIXJRHPUWRPCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium nitrate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O YIXJRHPUWRPCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- ONDPHDOFVYQSGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc nitrate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ONDPHDOFVYQSGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019764 Soybean Meal Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- 239000001639 calcium acetate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011092 calcium acetate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
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- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
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- XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) nitrate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- SURQXAFEQWPFPV-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate heptahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SURQXAFEQWPFPV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C5/00—Fertilisers containing other nitrates
- C05C5/04—Fertilisers containing other nitrates containing calcium nitrate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/10—Addition or removal of substances other than water or air to or from the material during the treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/40—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting fertiliser dosage or release rate; for affecting solubility
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
-
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of organic compost. The method adopts the compounded fungus and fermentation auxiliary agent to reduce the odor of the mixture mainly comprising cow dung after fermentation, shorten the fermentation period, reduce harmful fungus and worm eggs in the cow dung, ensure that the fertilizer is not easy to reduce fertilizer efficiency due to rain wash through a special adhesive additive, prevent amino acid in the fertilizer from being oxidized by illumination, and coat the organic fertilizer particles through a chelating synergistic coating agent containing trace elements and having a slow release function. The organic compost prepared by the invention has the characteristics of short fermentation time, less harmful bacteria and ova, easy absorption by crops, lasting fertilizer efficiency and comprehensive nutrition.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of organic fertilizers, in particular to a preparation method of organic compost.
Background
The amino acid fertilizer is a novel organic fertilizer which takes animal-derived amino acid or plant-derived amino acid as a matrix and utilizes the high affinity of the amino acid with plants and the promotion effect on the growth and development of the plants to improve the yield and the quality of crops. The fertilizer can not only keep the slow release and full utilization of macroelements, but also ensure the stability and long-term effect of microelements. Has the effects of enhancing plant respiration, improving plant redox process, and promoting plant metabolism. It can promote photosynthesis and chlorophyll formation, and has obvious promoting and activating functions on oxide activity, enzyme activity, seed germination, nutrient absorption, root growth, etc. In particular, its affinity with plants is not comparable to that of any other substance.
With the rapid development of cattle industry, fecal pollution has become a major problem, and according to related data, the environmental pollution of cow dung in some places exceeds the total industrial pollution, and some of the cow dung is even more than 2 times. The excrement produced by one cow per year is more than 7 tons, and the excrement produced by one cow is 5-6 tons. Because of the general lack of importance of cow dung treatment in various places, cow dung treatment facilities are basically not available in some places where cow raising is concentrated. Thus, cow dung is randomly piled and placed everywhere, especially in the south, and bad smell is emitted every summer, so that the normal life of surrounding residents is adversely affected, and meanwhile, the cow dung is a source for breeding and breeding of various bacterial pathogens, and has serious influence on breeding groups. In addition, on the cow dung, heat is generated, the oxygen in soil is consumed, the roots and seedlings are burnt, and the parasite egg and pathogenic microorganism are spread. Thus, cow dung treatment is very important. In addition, after the amino acid organic fertilizer is applied, the amino acid is easily washed away by rainwater or is destroyed by illumination to lose efficacy before being absorbed by crops, so that great waste is caused. Amino acid organic fertilizer is rich in various nutrients, but trace elements are deficient, and trace elements are easily fixed by soil or form insoluble substances with other components, and cannot be absorbed by crops.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems of providing the organic fertilizer which has short fermentation time, low content of harmful bacteria and ova, difficult oxidation, difficult fertilizer efficiency reduction caused by rain wash, trace elements and long fertilizer efficiency time.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention comprises the following steps:
the preparation method of the organic compost comprises the following steps:
1) And (3) composting:
Mixing 40-50 parts of cow dung, 15-20 parts of soybean meal, 10-20 parts of biogas residues, 0.5-0.7 part of fermentation auxiliary agent and 2-3 parts of activated bacteria liquid, uniformly stirring, keeping the fermentation environment temperature above 15 ℃, and stacking in a fermentation tank with the width of 3m and the height of 2m for fermentation, thus completing the preparation of a fermentation pile;
3) Turning and polishing:
measuring the internal temperature of the fermentation pile every day, and turning once by using an organic fertilizer turning machine after the temperature exceeds 70 ℃, wherein the fermentation is completed when the two fermentation temperatures are below 45 ℃;
4) Crushing:
Crushing the fermented organic fertilizer and sieving the crushed organic fertilizer with a 60-mesh sieve to obtain a fermented material;
5) Granulating and coating:
And uniformly mixing the fermentation material and the viscous additive in a ratio of 2:1, then putting the mixture into a low-temperature organic fertilizer granulator for granulation, and then coating a layer of chelating synergistic coating agent in a fluidized bed to obtain the organic compost.
The preparation method of the activated bacterial liquid comprises the following steps:
adding 1 part of aspergillus oryzae, 1 part of lactobacillus, 1 part of saccharomycete and 2 parts of bacillus into 10 parts of 10% brown sugar water, uniformly stirring, and standing for 12 hours in an environment with the temperature of 28-32 ℃ to obtain activated bacterial liquid.
The preparation method of the fermentation auxiliary agent comprises the following steps:
Adding 1-2 parts of double coco alkylamine into 1-2 parts of distilled water at 30-40 ℃ to disperse at a high speed of 1200r/min for 3-5min, then adding 3-5 parts of sucrose acetate isobutyrate, and continuing to emulsify and disperse at a speed of 320r/min for 3-5min to obtain the fermentation auxiliary agent.
Wherein, the specific method of granulating and coating in the step 3) comprises the following steps:
i. Uniformly mixing the fermentation material and the viscous additive in a ratio of 2:1, then conveying the mixture to a low-temperature organic fertilizer granulator, selecting a die with a pore diameter of 8-10mm, and collecting organic fertilizer particles through a discharge port;
And ii, putting the organic fertilizer particles into a material port of a fluidized bed, adding a chelating synergistic coating agent with the mass volume ratio of the organic fertilizer particles being 1:1, setting the flow rate of the fluidized bed to be 1-2m/s, the temperature to be 40-50 ℃, starting a blower, adjusting the nozzle pressure to be 1-1.2Mpa, and continuously drying the outlet for 5-10min to obtain the amino acid organic fertilizer.
The preparation method of the adhesive additive comprises the following steps:
a. Pretreatment of rice straw:
cutting rice straw into sections, cleaning with distilled water, steaming at 100 ℃ for 1-2 h, taking out, drying, crushing and sieving with a 30-mesh sieve to obtain rice straw powder;
b. alkali treatment:
Immersing rice straw powder and the rice straw powder in 30% NaOH solution, stirring and reacting for 2 hours at the speed of 350r/min at the temperature of 70-75 ℃, and centrifugally washing until the rice straw powder is neutral for later use;
c. Acid treatment:
immersing the rice straw powder subjected to alkali treatment in 30% sodium chlorite solution, adjusting the pH to 3.5 by using 30% acetic acid solution, and placing in a constant-temperature water bath kettle to react for 2 hours at a speed of 350r/min at 50-60 ℃;
d. Washing:
washing the rice straw powder subjected to acid treatment with distilled water for 2-3 times, and drying the rice straw powder at 80-90 ℃ to obtain rice straw cellulose;
d. Mixing:
Mixing 10-15 parts of rice straw cellulose, 5-7 parts of tea leaves and 1-2 parts of grape seeds uniformly, crushing and sieving with a 60-mesh sieve to obtain the adhesive additive.
The preparation method of the chelating synergistic coating agent comprises the following steps:
I. weighing 10-12 parts of 1, 4-dithioerythritol, adding into 10-15 parts of distilled water, then placing into a constant-temperature water bath kettle at 60-65 ℃, stirring and dissolving at a speed of 350r/min for 10-15min, adding 6-8 parts of element additives, then raising the temperature to 80-85 ℃, regulating the stirring speed to 80r/min, and continuing stirring for 20-25min to obtain a chelate solution;
And II, adding 3-5 parts of N-ethylmaleimide into 5-7 parts of 70% ethanol solution, dispersing at a high speed of 1200r/min for 5min, mixing with the chelate solution, and continuously dispersing at a high speed of 3000r/min for 10min to obtain the chelating synergistic coating agent.
Wherein the element additives are calcium, magnesium, zinc, iron, copper and boron.
The additive is added in the form of calcium nitrate, calcium chloride or calcium acetate, magnesium nitrate, magnesium chloride or magnesium sulfate, zinc acetate, zinc nitrate or zinc chloride, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate or ferric chloride, copper nitrate or copper sulfate and sodium tetraborate decahydrate.
The invention is characterized in that:
1) The method for composting cow dung traditionally has slow fermentation speed, can not thoroughly decompose cow dung, is easy to generate secondary fermentation after being applied to farmlands, and causes the phenomenon of root burning and seedling burning, cow dung fermentation belongs to aerobic fermentation, and needs nutrient substances, temperature and oxygen to reach standards to completely ferment and decompose, so that the cow dung is large in water content and poor in air permeability, and the aerobic fermentation is difficult to perform, and other materials with high bulk degree are required to be selected for fermentation together with the cow dung.
2) The fermentation auxiliary agent adopted by the invention has special effects, wherein the double coco alkylamine has a certain insecticidal effect, although the insect eggs cannot be killed directly, the high temperature generated by the combination of fermentation can effectively damage the wax layer on the surfaces of the insect eggs, so that insect bodies are killed further, the low-dose double coco alkylamine can promote the growth and branching of plant root systems, the resistance of plants to adverse environments can be improved, and meanwhile, the double coco alkylamine has good heat resistance and cannot be disabled due to the improvement of the fermentation temperature. After the fermentation condition is good, the growth of harmful bacteria and ova is also facilitated, and once the fermentation period is too long and the harmful bacteria are dominant, most of nutrients are lost, so that the invention utilizes the characteristics of sucrose acetate isobutyrate to promote the growth of beneficial bacteria and inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria, so that the bacteria proliferate rapidly, the fermentation speed is increased, and meanwhile, the sucrose acetate isobutyrate also has the emulsifying property, so that the hydrophobic biccoconut oil alkylamine can be better dispersed.
3) After the amino acid organic fertilizer is applied, the amino acid in the amino acid organic fertilizer is easily washed away by rainwater or is destroyed by illumination to lose efficacy before being absorbed by crops, so that great waste is caused, and in order to reduce the waste and the repeated fertilization times, the straw cellulose is mixed with the fermentation material rich in the amino acid, and the straw cellulose can generate viscosity when meeting water and is adhered to soil, so that the fertilizer can be prevented from being washed away by rainwater.
4) Tea leaves residues are usually discarded, but they contain antioxidants such as polyphenols and catechins, and can be used to extract natural antioxidants. In addition, the tea dregs also contain various microelements such as iron, zinc, molybdenum, manganese and the like, and can promote the growth and development of plants. Meanwhile, the tea leaves also contain organic matters, so that the soil structure can be improved, the water and fertilizer retention capacity of the soil is enhanced, the root system development and nutrient absorption of plants are facilitated, but the independent use of the tea leaves can make the soil alkaline and influence the growth of crops, so that the grape seeds are compounded, the alkalinity of the tea leaves can be neutralized by organic acid and tannic acid in the grape seeds, the grape seeds are waste in the production process of grape wine or grape juice, and the grape seeds contain rich flavonoid, procyanidine and other various antioxidants, so that the grape seeds are combined with the tea leaves to further prevent the amino acid from being oxidized by illumination.
5) In China, more than 50% of soil lacks medium trace elements, which directly leads to more nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer supplementation and can not increase the yield of crops, but leads to crop yield reduction and agricultural product quality reduction. If the corresponding microelements are directly applied, the microelements are easily fixed in soil and are difficult to be absorbed and utilized by crops, and antagonism is easily generated with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, and the chelated microelements can be adopted to avoid the situation. Compared with other similar chelated fertilizers, the sugar alcohol serving as a chelating agent has the advantages that the sugar alcohol can carry target elements to be transported in phloem of plants after being chelated with trace elements, so that the mobility of mineral elements is improved, and the symptom of plant element deficiency is relieved. Sugar alcohols are also the main photosynthetic products of many plants. Can regulate the growth and development of plants to different degrees, improve the capability of the plants to cope with stress, and can also provide carbon nutrition for the plants by exogenously applying sugar alcohol substances. Compared with the conventional sugar alcohol substances, the 1, 4-dithioerythritol used in the invention contains two mercapto groups and epoxy groups, so that the chelation performance is higher, but the mercapto groups are easy to oxidize, so that the N-ethylmaleimide is compounded, the invention has the function of protecting the mercapto groups from being oxidized, can increase the hydrophobicity of the film, delay the disintegration time of the film, play a slow release effect, and can prevent and treat various plant diseases including gray mold, downy mildew, powdery mildew and the like.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
The materials or chemicals used in the examples of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, were obtained by conventional commercial means.
Example 1
The embodiment comprises the following steps:
the preparation method of the organic compost comprises the following steps:
1) Preparing an activated bacterial liquid:
Adding 1kg of aspergillus oryzae, 1kg of lactobacillus, 1kg of saccharomycete and 2kg of bacillus into 10L of 10% brown sugar water, uniformly stirring, and standing for 12 hours in an environment with the temperature of 28-32 ℃ to obtain activated bacterial liquid;
2) Preparing a fermentation auxiliary agent:
150g of double coco alkylamine is added into 1.5L of distilled water at 35 ℃ and dispersed for 4min at a high speed of 1200r/min, then 400g of sucrose acetate isobutyrate is added, and emulsification and dispersion are continued for 4min at a speed of 320r/min to obtain a fermentation auxiliary agent;
3) Preparing a viscosity additive:
Cutting rice straw, washing with distilled water, steaming at 100deg.C for 1.5 hr, taking out, oven drying, pulverizing, sieving with 30 mesh sieve to obtain rice straw powder, immersing rice straw powder in 30% NaOH solution, stirring at speed of 350r/min for reacting for 2 hr at 75deg.C, centrifuging, washing to neutrality, immersing the alkali-treated rice straw powder in 30% sodium chlorite solution, adjusting pH to 3.5 with 30% acetic acid solution, stirring at speed of 350r/min in thermostatic water bath kettle for reacting for 2 hr, washing the acid-treated rice straw powder with distilled water for 2 times, oven drying at 85 deg.C for water to obtain rice straw cellulose, mixing 13kg rice straw cellulose, 6kg tea residue and 1.5kg grape seed, pulverizing, sieving with 60 mesh sieve to obtain adhesive additive;
4) Preparing a chelating synergistic coating agent:
Weighing 11kg of 1, 4-dithioerythritol into 130L of distilled water, placing the distilled water into a 63 ℃ constant-temperature water bath kettle, stirring and dissolving the distilled water at a speed of 350r/min for 13min, adding 7.2kg of element additives including 1.2kg of calcium nitrate, 1.2kg of magnesium chloride, 1.2kg of zinc acetate, 1.2kg of ferric chloride, 1.2kg of copper sulfate and 1.2kg of sodium tetraborate decahydrate, then raising the temperature to 83 ℃, regulating the stirring speed to 80r/min, continuing stirring for 23min to obtain a chelate solution, adding 4kg of N-ethyl maleimide into 60L of 70% ethanol solution, dispersing the mixture at a high speed of 1200r/min for 5min, then mixing the mixture with the chelate solution, and continuing dispersing at a high speed of 3000r/min for 10min to obtain the chelating synergistic coating agent;
5) And (3) composting:
45kg of cow dung, 17kg of bean pulp, 15kg of biogas residues, 600ml of fermentation auxiliary agent and 2.5L of activated bacterial liquid are mixed and stirred uniformly, the fermentation environment temperature is kept above 15 ℃, and the mixture is piled in a fermentation tank with the width of 3m and the height of 2m for fermentation;
6) Fermentation and crushing:
after 9.5d fermentation, crushing the fermented organic fertilizer and sieving the crushed organic fertilizer with a 60-mesh sieve to obtain a fermentation material;
7) Granulating and coating:
Uniformly mixing 20kg of fermentation materials and 10kg of viscous additive in a ratio of 2:1, conveying the mixture to a low-temperature organic fertilizer granulator, selecting a die with a pore diameter of 9mm, collecting organic fertilizer particles through a discharge hole, putting the organic fertilizer particles into a material port of a fluidized bed, adding 30L of chelating synergistic coating agent, setting the flow rate of the fluidized bed to be 1.5m/s, setting the temperature to be 45 ℃, starting a blower, regulating the pressure of a nozzle to be 1.1Mpa, and continuously drying the outlet for 8min to obtain the amino acid organic fertilizer.
Example 2
The embodiment comprises the following steps:
the preparation method of the organic compost comprises the following steps:
1) Preparing an activated bacterial liquid:
Adding 1kg of aspergillus oryzae, 1kg of lactobacillus, 1kg of saccharomycete and 2kg of bacillus into 10L of 10% brown sugar water, uniformly stirring, and standing for 12 hours in an environment with the temperature of 28-32 ℃ to obtain activated bacterial liquid;
2) Preparing a fermentation auxiliary agent:
Adding 100g of double coco alkylamine into 1L of distilled water at 35 ℃ to disperse at a high speed of 1200r/min for 4min, then adding 300g of sucrose acetate isobutyrate, and continuing to emulsify and disperse at a speed of 320r/min for 4min to obtain a fermentation auxiliary agent;
3) Preparing a viscosity additive:
Cutting rice straw, washing with distilled water, steaming at 100 ℃ for 1h, taking out, drying, crushing, sieving with a 30-mesh sieve to obtain rice straw powder, immersing the rice straw powder in a 30% NaOH solution, stirring at a speed of 350r/min for reacting for 2h at 70 ℃, centrifugally washing to be neutral for standby, immersing the rice straw powder subjected to alkali treatment in a 30% sodium chlorite solution, regulating pH to 3.5 with a 30% acetic acid solution, placing in a constant-temperature water bath kettle, stirring at a speed of 350r/min for reacting for 2h at 50 ℃, washing the rice straw powder subjected to acid treatment with distilled water for 2 times, drying water at 85 ℃ to obtain rice straw cellulose, uniformly mixing 10kg of rice straw cellulose, 5kg of tea leaves and 1kg of grape seeds, crushing, and sieving with a 60-mesh sieve to obtain the viscosity additive;
4) Preparing a chelating synergistic coating agent:
Weighing 10kg of 1, 4-dithioerythritol, adding into 100L of distilled water, then placing into a 60 ℃ constant-temperature water bath, stirring and dissolving at a speed of 350r/min for 10min, adding 6kg of element additives including 1kg of calcium nitrate, 1kg of magnesium chloride, 1kg of zinc acetate, 1kg of ferric chloride, 1kg of copper sulfate and 1kg of sodium tetraborate decahydrate, then raising the temperature to 80 ℃, regulating the stirring speed to 80r/min, and continuing stirring for 20min to obtain a chelate solution, adding 3kg of N-ethylmaleimide into 50L of 70% ethanol solution, dispersing at a high speed of 1200r/min for 5min, then mixing with the chelate solution, and continuing dispersing at a high speed of 3000r/min for 10min to obtain a chelating synergistic coating agent;
5) And (3) composting:
Uniformly mixing and stirring 40kg of cow dung, 15kg of soybean meal, 10kg of biogas residues, 500ml of fermentation auxiliary agent and 2L of activated bacteria liquid, keeping the fermentation environment temperature above 15 ℃, and stacking in a fermentation tank with the width of 3m and the height of 2m for fermentation;
6) Fermentation and crushing:
after 9d fermentation, crushing the fermented organic fertilizer and sieving the crushed organic fertilizer with a 60-mesh sieve to obtain a fermentation material;
7) Granulating and coating:
Uniformly mixing 20kg of fermentation materials and 10kg of viscous additive in a ratio of 2:1, conveying the mixture to a low-temperature organic fertilizer granulator, selecting a die with a diameter of 9mm, collecting organic fertilizer particles through a discharge hole, putting the organic fertilizer particles into a material hole of a fluidized bed, adding 30L of chelating synergistic coating agent, setting the flow rate of the fluidized bed to be 1m/s, setting the temperature to be 40 ℃, starting a blower, adjusting the nozzle pressure to be 1Mpa, and continuously drying the outlet for 5min to obtain the amino acid organic fertilizer.
Example 3
The embodiment comprises the following steps:
the preparation method of the organic compost comprises the following steps:
1) Preparing an activated bacterial liquid:
Adding 1kg of aspergillus oryzae, 1kg of lactobacillus, 1kg of saccharomycete and 2kg of bacillus into 10L of 10% brown sugar water, uniformly stirring, and standing for 12 hours in an environment with the temperature of 28-32 ℃ to obtain activated bacterial liquid;
2) Preparing a fermentation auxiliary agent:
200g of double coco alkylamine is added into 2L of distilled water at 40 ℃ to be dispersed for 5min at a high speed of 1200r/min, then 500g of sucrose acetate isobutyrate is added, and emulsification and dispersion are continued for 5min at a speed of 320r/min to obtain a fermentation auxiliary agent;
3) Preparing a viscosity additive:
Cutting rice straw, washing with distilled water, steaming at 100 ℃ for 2 hours, taking out, drying, crushing and sieving with a 30-mesh sieve to obtain rice straw powder, immersing the rice straw powder in a 30% NaOH solution, stirring at a speed of 350r/min for reacting for 2 hours at 75 ℃, centrifugally washing to be neutral for standby, immersing the rice straw powder subjected to alkali treatment in a 30% sodium chlorite solution, regulating the pH value to 3.5 by using a 30% acetic acid solution, placing in a constant-temperature water bath kettle, stirring at a speed of 350r/min for reacting for 2 hours at 60 ℃, washing the rice straw powder subjected to acid treatment with distilled water for 2 times, drying the water at 85 ℃ to obtain rice straw cellulose, uniformly mixing 15kg of rice straw cellulose, 7kg of tea leaves and 2kg of grape seeds, crushing and sieving with a 60-mesh sieve to obtain the viscosity additive;
4) Preparing a chelating synergistic coating agent:
weighing 12kg of 1, 4-dithioerythritol, adding into 150L of distilled water, then placing into a constant-temperature water bath kettle with the temperature of 65 ℃, stirring and dissolving at the speed of 350r/min for 15min, adding 7.8kg of element additives including 1.3kg of calcium nitrate, 1.3kg of magnesium chloride, 1.3kg of zinc acetate, 1.3kg of ferric chloride, 1.3kg of copper sulfate and 1.3kg of sodium tetraborate decahydrate, then raising the temperature to 85 ℃, adjusting the stirring speed to 80r/min, continuing stirring for 25min to obtain a chelate solution, adding 5kg of N-ethyl maleimide into 70% ethanol solution with the speed of 1200r/min, dispersing at the speed of 70 r/min for 5min, then mixing with the chelate solution, and continuing dispersing at the speed of 3000r/min for 10min to obtain the chelating synergistic coating agent;
5) And (3) composting:
50kg of cow dung, 20kg of bean pulp, 20kg of biogas residues, 700ml of fermentation auxiliary agent and 3L of activated bacteria liquid are mixed and stirred uniformly, the fermentation environment temperature is kept above 15 ℃, and the mixture is piled in a fermentation tank with the width of 3m and the height of 2m for fermentation;
6) Fermentation and crushing:
after 9.5d fermentation, crushing the fermented organic fertilizer and sieving the crushed organic fertilizer with a 60-mesh sieve to obtain a fermentation material;
7) Granulating and coating:
Uniformly mixing 20kg of fermentation materials and 10kg of viscous additive in a ratio of 2:1, conveying the mixture to a low-temperature organic fertilizer granulator, selecting a die with a pore diameter of 9mm, collecting organic fertilizer particles through a discharge hole, putting the organic fertilizer particles into a material port of a fluidized bed, adding 30L of chelating synergistic coating agent, setting the flow rate of the fluidized bed to be 2m/s, setting the temperature to be 50 ℃, starting a blower, regulating the nozzle pressure to be 1.2Mpa, and continuously drying the outlet for 10min to obtain the amino acid organic fertilizer.
Comparative example 1
The difference between this comparative example and example 1 is that:
Step 2) preparing a fermentation auxiliary agent:
150g of double coco alkylamine is added into 1.5L of distilled water at 35 ℃ and dispersed for 4min at a high speed of 1200r/min to obtain a fermentation auxiliary agent;
The procedure is as in example 1.
Comparative example 2
The difference between this comparative example and example 1 is that:
Step 2) preparing a fermentation auxiliary agent:
400g of sucrose acetate isobutyrate is added into 1.5L of distilled water at 35 ℃ and dispersed for 4min at a high speed of 1200r/min to obtain a fermentation auxiliary agent;
The procedure is as in example 1.
Comparative example 3
The difference between this comparative example and example 1 is that:
step 3) preparing a viscous additive:
Uniformly mixing 13kg of high-viscosity loess and 1.5kg of grape seeds, crushing, and sieving with a 60-mesh sieve to obtain a viscous additive;
The procedure is as in example 1.
Comparative example 4
The difference between this comparative example and example 1 is that:
step 3) preparing a viscous additive:
Cutting rice straw, washing with distilled water, steaming at 100deg.C for 1.5 hr, taking out, oven drying, pulverizing, sieving with 30 mesh sieve to obtain rice straw powder, mixing 30kg rice straw powder with 40L 30% NaOH solution, stirring at a speed of 350r/min at 75deg.C for reacting for 2 hr, centrifuging, washing to neutrality, adding 1L 30% sodium chlorite solution into the above system, adjusting pH to 3.5 with 30% acetic acid solution, stirring at a speed of 350r/min in constant temperature water bath kettle for reacting for 2 hr, washing the acid treated rice straw powder with distilled water for 2 times, oven drying at 85deg.C for water to obtain rice straw cellulose, mixing 13kg rice straw cellulose, 6kg tea residue and 1.5kg grape seed, pulverizing, sieving with 60 mesh sieve to obtain adhesive additive;
The procedure is as in example 1.
Comparative example 5
The difference between this comparative example and example 1 is that:
step 3) preparing a viscous additive:
Cutting rice straw, washing with distilled water, steaming at 100deg.C for 1.5 hr, taking out, oven drying, pulverizing, sieving with 30 mesh sieve to obtain rice straw powder, mixing 30kg rice straw powder with 40L 30% NaOH solution, stirring at speed of 350r/min at 75deg.C for reacting for 2 hr, centrifuging, washing to neutrality, adding 1L 30% sodium chlorite solution, adjusting pH to 3.5 with 30% acetic acid solution, stirring at speed of 350r/min in thermostatic water bath kettle for reacting for 2 hr, washing with distilled water for 2 times, oven drying at 85deg.C, and sieving with 60 mesh sieve to obtain viscous additive;
The procedure is as in example 1.
Comparative example 6
The comparative example differs from example 1 in that step 7) granulation coating:
uniformly mixing 20kg of fermentation materials with 10kg of viscous additive in a ratio of 2:1, then conveying the mixture to a low-temperature organic fertilizer granulator, selecting a die with a 9mm aperture, and collecting amino acid organic fertilizer through a discharge port;
The procedure is as in example 1.
Comparative example 7
The difference between this comparative example and example 1 is that:
Step 4) preparing a chelating synergistic coating agent:
Weighing 11kg of sorbitol, adding into 130L of distilled water, placing into a 63 ℃ constant-temperature water bath kettle, stirring and dissolving for 13min at the speed of 350r/min, adding 7.2kg of element additives including 1.2kg of calcium nitrate, 1.2kg of magnesium chloride, 1.2kg of zinc acetate, 1.2kg of ferric chloride, 1.2kg of copper sulfate and 1.2kg of sodium tetraborate decahydrate, then raising the temperature to 83 ℃, regulating the stirring speed to 80r/min, and continuing stirring for 23min to obtain a chelate solution, adding 4kg of N-ethyl maleimide into 60L of 70% ethanol solution, dispersing for 5min at the high speed of 1200r/min, then mixing with the chelate solution, and continuing to disperse for 10min at the high speed of 3000r/min to obtain a chelating synergistic coating agent;
The procedure is as in example 1.
Comparative example 8
The difference between this comparative example and example 1 is that:
Step 4) preparing a chelating synergistic coating agent:
weighing 11kg of 1, 4-dithioerythritol, adding into 130L of distilled water, then placing into a constant-temperature water bath kettle with the temperature of 63 ℃, stirring and dissolving at the speed of 350r/min for 13min, adding 7.2kg of element additives including 1.2kg of calcium nitrate, 1.2kg of magnesium chloride, 1.2kg of zinc acetate, 1.2kg of ferric chloride, 1.2kg of copper sulfate and 1.2kg of sodium tetraborate decahydrate, then raising the temperature to 83 ℃, regulating the stirring speed to 80r/min, and continuing stirring for 23min to obtain the chelating synergistic coating agent;
The procedure is as in example 1.
Experiment:
1) Detecting materials fermented in the preparation of examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-2 according to the standard of harmless treatment of manure in GB/T25246-2010, wherein the mortality rate of ascarid eggs is more than or equal to 95%, the coliform value of manure is 10 -1～10-2, and the materials are unqualified after exceeding the mortality rate of ascarid eggs, and the materials are shown in table 1;
2) Fermentation time the fermentation time for the preparation of examples 1-3, comparative examples 1-2 is recorded in Table 1;
3) The anti-rain flushing performance is that 10g of the amino acid organic fertilizer prepared in the examples 1-3 and the comparative examples 3-5 are taken, the nutrient of the amino acid organic fertilizer in each group is respectively measured by using an LD-GT80 soil fertilizer nutrient detector, then each group of amino acid organic fertilizer is respectively mixed with 5kg of homogeneous soil and added into a container, then 2L of distilled water is added, stirring and mixing are carried out for 5 hours at the speed of 300r/min, after standing and layering, the supernatant is measured by using the LD-GT80 soil fertilizer nutrient detector, the anti-rain flushing performance of the amino acid organic fertilizer is represented by the ratio of the nutrient which is not adsorbed by soil in the supernatant to the total nutrient of the fertilizer, and the weaker anti-rain flushing performance is proved by the larger ratio, as shown in the table 1;
4) The method for measuring the content of free amino acid in the amino acid organic fertilizer prepared in examples 1-3 and comparative examples 4-5 is carried out according to the method for measuring the content of free amino acid in NY/T1975-2010 standard, then each group of amino acid organic fertilizer is crushed into particles with the particle size of 60 meshes, the particles are placed under a fluorescent lamp for irradiation for 8 hours, then the content of free amino acid is measured again, the ratio of the content of free amino acid after irradiation to the content of free amino acid before irradiation represents the light degradation resistance of the amino acid organic fertilizer, and the larger the ratio is, the stronger the light degradation resistance is proved, and the table 1 is shown;
5) The slow release performance is that the amino acid organic fertilizers prepared in examples 1-3 and comparative examples 6-8 are measured according to the method in NY/T2267-2016 standard, and the initial release rate of nutrients of the amino acid organic fertilizers in each group for 24 hours and the accumulated release rate of the nutrients in 28 days are measured, and are shown in Table 1;
6) Effective microelement determination the effective microelement in the amino acid organic fertilizer prepared in examples 1-3 and comparative examples 6-8 was determined by using FK-CT04 organic fertilizer microelement detector, and the table is shown in Table 2.
TABLE 1
TABLE 2
| Free amino acid content | Sum of trace elements | |
| Example 1 | 15.6% | 0.11% |
| Example 2 | 16.7% | 0.12% |
| Example 3 | 16.1% | 0.12% |
| Comparative example 6 | 15.1% | 0.03% |
| Comparative example 7 | 15.2% | 0.03% |
| Comparative example 8 | 14.8% | 0.05% |
Claims (1)
1. The preparation method of the organic compost is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) And (3) composting:
Mixing 40-50 parts of cow dung, 15-20 parts of soybean meal, 10-20 parts of biogas residues, 0.5-0.7 part of fermentation auxiliary agent and 2-3 parts of activated bacteria liquid, uniformly stirring, keeping the fermentation environment temperature above 15 ℃, and stacking in a fermentation tank with the width of 3m and the height of 2m for fermentation, thus completing the preparation of a fermentation pile;
2) Turning and polishing:
measuring the internal temperature of the fermentation pile every day, and turning once by using an organic fertilizer turning machine after the temperature exceeds 70 ℃, wherein the fermentation is completed when the two fermentation temperatures are below 45 ℃;
3) Crushing:
Crushing the fermented organic fertilizer and sieving the crushed organic fertilizer with a 60-mesh sieve to obtain a fermented material;
4) Granulating and coating:
uniformly mixing the fermentation material and the viscous additive in a ratio of 2:1, then putting the mixture into a low-temperature organic fertilizer granulator for granulation, and then coating a layer of chelating synergistic coating agent in a fluidized bed to obtain organic compost;
the preparation method of the activated bacterial liquid comprises the following steps:
Adding 1 part of aspergillus oryzae, 1 part of lactobacillus, 1 part of saccharomycete and 2 parts of bacillus into 10 parts of 10% brown sugar water, uniformly stirring, and standing for 12 hours in an environment with the temperature of 28-32 ℃ to obtain activated bacterial liquid;
The preparation method of the fermentation auxiliary agent comprises the following steps:
Adding 1-2 parts of double coco alkylamine into 1-2 parts of distilled water at 30-40 ℃ to disperse at a high speed of 1200r/min for 3-5min, then adding 3-5 parts of sucrose acetate isobutyrate, and continuing to emulsify and disperse at a speed of 320r/min for 3-5min to obtain a fermentation auxiliary agent;
the specific method for granulating and coating in the step 4) comprises the following steps:
i. uniformly mixing the fermentation material and the viscous additive in a ratio of 2:1, then conveying the mixture to a low-temperature organic fertilizer granulator, selecting a die with a pore diameter of 8-10mm, and collecting organic fertilizer particles through a discharge port;
Putting the organic fertilizer particles into a material port of a fluidized bed, adding a chelating synergistic coating agent with the mass volume ratio of the organic fertilizer particles being 1:1, setting the flow rate of the fluidized bed to be 1-2m/s, the temperature to be 40-50 ℃, starting a blower, adjusting the nozzle pressure to be 1-1.2Mpa, and continuously drying the outlet for 5-10min to obtain the organic fertilizer;
The preparation method of the adhesive additive comprises the following steps:
a. pretreatment of rice straw:
cutting rice straw into sections, cleaning with distilled water, steaming at 100 ℃ for 1-2h, taking out, drying, crushing and sieving with a 30-mesh sieve to obtain rice straw powder;
b. alkali treatment:
Immersing rice straw powder in 30% NaOH solution, stirring at a speed of 350r/min at 70-75 ℃ for reaction for 2h, and centrifugally washing to be neutral for later use;
c. acid treatment:
immersing the rice straw powder subjected to alkali treatment in 30% sodium chlorite solution, adjusting the pH to 3.5 by using 30% acetic acid solution, and placing in a constant-temperature water bath kettle to react for 2 hours at a speed of 350r/min at 50-60 ℃;
d. washing:
washing the rice straw powder subjected to acid treatment with distilled water for 2-3 times, and drying the rice straw powder at 80-90 ℃ to obtain rice straw cellulose;
d. Mixing:
uniformly mixing 10-15 parts of rice straw cellulose, 5-7 parts of tea leaves and 1-2 parts of grape seeds, crushing and sieving with a 60-mesh sieve to obtain a viscous additive;
the preparation method of the chelating synergistic coating agent comprises the following steps:
I. weighing 10-12 parts of 1, 4-dithioerythritol, adding into 10-15 parts of distilled water, then placing into a constant-temperature water bath kettle at 60-65 ℃, stirring and dissolving at a speed of 350r/min for 10-15min, adding 6-8 parts of element additives, then raising the temperature to 80-85 ℃, regulating the stirring speed to 80r/min, and continuing stirring for 20-25min to obtain a chelate solution;
Adding 3-5 parts of N-ethylmaleimide into 5-7 parts of 70% ethanol solution, dispersing at a high speed of 1200r/min for 5min, mixing with the chelate solution, and continuously dispersing at a high speed of 3000r/min for 10min to obtain a chelating synergistic coating agent;
wherein the element additives are calcium, magnesium, zinc, iron, copper and boron;
The element additive is added in the form of calcium nitrate, calcium chloride or calcium acetate, magnesium nitrate, magnesium chloride or magnesium sulfate, zinc acetate, zinc nitrate or zinc chloride, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate or ferric chloride, copper nitrate or copper sulfate and sodium tetraborate decahydrate.
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