CN113399713A

CN113399713A - Blade for hole machining

Info

Publication number: CN113399713A
Application number: CN202110548435.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘春季; 殷磊; 谭卓鹏; 杨伦广; 朱心滨; 张帅
Original assignee: Ganzhou Achteck Tool Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Ganzhou Achteck Tool Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2021-05-19
Filing date: 2021-05-19
Publication date: 2021-09-17
Anticipated expiration: 2041-05-19
Also published as: CN113399713B

Abstract

The present invention provides an insert for hole machining, comprising an upper cutting surface and a bottom surface arranged oppositely, and a side surface extending between the upper cutting surface and the bottom surface, the upper cutting surface intersecting with the side surface to form a cutting edge ; The cutting edge includes a first cutting edge, a second cutting edge and a third cutting edge arranged in sequence; the first cutting edge and the second cutting edge form an included angle α, and the second cutting edge and the The third cutting edge forms an included angle β, where α<β; the length L1 of the first cutting edge is less than or equal to the length L2 of the second cutting edge, and greater than the length L3 of the third cutting edge. The purpose of the present invention is to solve the unbalanced problem between the chip effect of hole machining and the use economy, and to provide a hole machining insert that is beneficial to production and use.

Description

Blade for hole machining

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of cutting tools, and particularly relates to a blade for hole machining.

Background

In the machining industry, no holes are made in any machine. Screw holes, pin holes or rivet holes of various sizes are required for connecting parts; various mounting holes are required for fixing the transmission part; the machine parts themselves also have a variety of holes (e.g., oil holes, fabrication holes, lightening holes, etc.). The inner bore surface is one of the important surfaces that make up a mechanical part. In mechanical parts, the perforated parts generally account for 50% to 80% of the total number of parts. The tool for processing the hole has the following characteristics:

firstly, most hole machining tools are sizing tools, and the dimensional accuracy and the shape accuracy of the tools inevitably have important influence on the machining accuracy of the holes.

Secondly, the size of the hole machining cutter is limited by the diameter of the machined hole, and the cross section of the cutter is small, so that the cutter is poor in rigidity, unstable in cutting and easy to vibrate.

The hole machining cutter performs cutting machining in the surrounding of the machined surface of the workpiece, and the cutting is in a closed or semi-closed state, so that chip removal is difficult, cutting fluid is difficult to enter a cutting area, the actual situation in the cutting is difficult to observe, and the adverse effects on the quality of the workpiece and the service life of the cutter are generated.

Fourthly, the hole machining tools are various in types and specifications.

Therefore, during machining, it is desired to obtain a desired chip while reducing the cutting force to secure the stability of the tool body, in consideration of safety thereof. The formation and smooth discharge of chips often become a critical issue in production.

When the existing hole machining blade in the market cuts a workpiece, if the chip forming and cutting force of most domestic central blades are good, the number of effective cutting edges of one blade is only 2-3, and the economical efficiency is not enough. If the effective cutting edges reach four (at most four cutting edges in the current hole machining), the cutting chips and the cutting force are not good, and particularly, the contradiction is particularly prominent when the drilling depth and the cutter diameter ratio are 4-5 times. The structure of the prior commercial flow hole processing blade is complex, and the requirement on the production process is strict.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art, it is an object of the present invention to solve the problem of the imbalance between the chip effect of hole machining and the economy of use, providing a hole machining insert that is advantageous to produce and use.

This patent scheme provides a blade for spot facing work, includes: the cutting tool comprises an upper tool face, a bottom face and a side face, wherein the upper tool face and the bottom face are oppositely arranged, the side face extends between the upper tool face and the bottom face, and the upper tool face and the side face intersect to form a cutting edge; the cutting edge comprises a first cutting edge, a second cutting edge and a third cutting edge which are arranged in sequence; the first cutting edge forms an included angle α with the second cutting edge, the second cutting edge forms an included angle β with the third cutting edge, and α < β; the length L1 of the first cutting edge is less than or equal to the length L2 of the second cutting edge and greater than the length L3 of the third cutting edge.

Further, go up the knife face and be equipped with the chip breaker, the chip breaker is followed the cutting edge sets up.

Further, the cutting edge further comprises a first transition edge, a second transition edge and a third transition edge, and the first transition edge, the second transition edge and the third transition edge are sequentially connected according to the following sequence: the first transition edge, the first cutting edge, the second transition edge, the second cutting edge, the third transition edge, and the third cutting edge.

Further, the edge widths of the first cutting edge, the second transition edge and the second cutting edge are the same, and the edge width ratio of the first cutting edge to the third cutting edge is 0.7.

Furthermore, the L1/L2 is 0.5-0.95, and the L3/L2 is 0.15-0.5.

Further, the L1/L2 is 0.63, and the L3/L2 is 0.37.

Further, the side surface comprises a first side surface connected with the upper tool surface and a second side surface connected with the bottom surface, and a clearance angle F formed by the cutting edge and the first side surface is smaller than a clearance angle E formed by the cutting edge and the second side surface.

Further, the clearance angle F is between 4 and 11 degrees, and the clearance angle E is between 9 and 26 degrees.

Further, the clearance angle F is 7 °, and the clearance angle E is 22.6 °.

The improvement of this patent brings the following advantage:

(1) the blade of the embodiment of the application has three different cutting edges (a first cutting edge, a second cutting edge and a third cutting edge) on one side surface. The inventor designs that the three cutting edges form different included angles with each other according to long-term use and manufacturing experience. And the lengths and relative angles of the different cutting edges (first, second and third cutting edges) were determined by calculation and simulation and several hundred trials. The blade manufactured according to the length and the relative angle can change the forming and chip dividing of chips when the blade is used for cutting and processing workpieces, achieves the purposes of better chip removal and cutting force reduction, namely ensures the performance of the blade, has more economical cutting edges and more convenient production in appearance. The specific principle is as follows: when the blade is used for cutting a workpiece, the chips cut from the workpiece by three sections of different cutting edges extend and gather together from different directions due to different angles and lengths of the cutting edges, and then a plurality of chips extending from a plurality of angles to the middle part of the blade collide with each other, are entangled with each other, are pulled mutually and interact with each other, so that the breakage of the chips is accelerated, the chips are finer, and the difficulty in chip removal is greatly reduced. And after the chips pass through the cutting edge, the chips can interact or form C-shaped chips, so that the breaking and the discharge of the chips are more facilitated.

(2) Another advantage of three cutting edges is that the contact length of the insert and the chip is increased in general, and in particular to each cutting edge (first, second and third cutting edges), the contact length of each cutting edge (first, second and third cutting edges) and the chip is actually reduced. Due to the design, the cutting force born by the cutting edge on unit length is reduced, and the cutting fluid is ensured to be more fully contacted with the blade and the chips. Greatly enhances the heat dissipation of the blade and the cutting chips and prolongs the service life of the cutter.

(3) Meanwhile, the upper tool face of the insert can be designed to be approximately quadrangular, and each side of the approximately quadrangular shape can intersect with the side face to form a cutting edge (each side is provided with a first cutting edge, a second cutting edge and a third cutting edge). The effective cutting edges of the blade will reach 12, which greatly improves the economic performance of the blade compared with the only two or three cutting edges in the prior art.

(4) As a further improvement, the chip breakers on the upper tool face are arranged along the cutting edge, and the chip breakers and the cutting edge form a plurality of included angles with each other. The chips flowing to the chip breaker grooves are guided to further extend and gather towards the middle direction of the blade, so that the chips extending from a plurality of angles to the middle of the blade are more fully collided, entangled, pulled and interacted, and the breakage of the chips is further aggravated.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a blade for hole machining according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of a cutting insert for hole machining according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an insert for hole machining according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

wherein, 1 is a top tool face, 2 is a bottom face, 3 is a side face, 31 is a first side face, 32 is a second side face, 4 is a cutting edge, 41 is a first cutting edge, 42 is a second cutting edge, 43 is a third cutting edge, 44 is a first transition edge, 45 is a second transition edge, 46 is a third transition edge, 5 is a chip breaker groove, and 6 is a mounting hole.

Detailed Description

The embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to specific embodiments, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will be easily understood by those skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present specification. The invention is capable of other and different embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways, and its several details are capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.

The inventors' inventive concept will be described in detail below in order that those skilled in the art may better understand the present application.

As described in the background section above, it is difficult to balance the cutting chip, cutting force and economy for the insert currently on the market to achieve the best results. Particularly, if the chip forming and cutting force is good, the effective cutting edge of one blade is only 2-3, and the economy is not enough. If the effective cutting edges reach four (at most four cutting edges in the current hole machining), the cutting chips and the cutting force are not good, and particularly, the contradiction is particularly prominent when the drilling depth and the cutter diameter ratio are 4-5 times. And the structure of the current commercial flow hole processing blade is complex, and the requirement on the production process is strict.

In view of the above, the inventor of the present invention has desired to design an insert for hole machining which has good cutting force, chip formation and smooth discharge, has a plurality of cutting edges, has a long useful life, and can improve the economic performance of the insert simultaneously.

Since most of the existing hole machining tools are sizing tools, the dimensional accuracy and shape accuracy of the tool itself inevitably have an important influence on the machining accuracy of the hole. It is possible to provide a blade with multiple cutting edges 4 of different lengths and angles, and to provide a blade with the machining performance of the prior art multiple blade.

In addition, the size of the conventional hole machining tool is limited by the diameter of the machined hole, and the cross section of the tool is small, so that the tool is poor in rigidity, unstable in cutting and prone to vibration. The length of the cutting edge 4 can be suitably lengthened and a clever relative angle can be designed to achieve an optimal solution between the rigidity of the insert and the cutting force.

Then, the hole machining tool performs cutting machining in the surrounding of the machined surface of the workpiece, and the cutting is in a closed or semi-closed state, so that chip removal is difficult, the cutting fluid is difficult to enter a cutting area, the actual situation in the cutting is difficult to observe, and the quality of the workpiece and the service life of the tool are adversely affected. The cutting chips are made to be finer as much as possible, the fine cutting chips can be discharged from a closed or semi-closed space more smoothly, the cutting fluid can enter more easily, and the service life of the blade is prolonged while the heat dissipation is enhanced.

Referring to fig. 1 to 3, an insert for hole machining according to embodiment 1 of the present application includes an upper tool surface 1 and a bottom surface 2 which are oppositely disposed, and a side surface 3 extending between the upper tool surface 1 and the bottom surface 2;

the upper tool face 1 and the bottom face 2 are oppositely arranged and are basically parallel;

as shown in fig. 2, the upper tool surface 1 may be a dodecagon which is approximately a square; or the dodecagon can be considered to be formed by combining 3 concentric squares of inscribed circles with different diameters according to the design angle; the dodecagon may be a rounded corner;

the upper tool face 1 and the side face 3 intersect to form a cutting edge 4;

the cutting edge 4 may be provided on all the sides formed by the intersection of the upper tool face 1 and the side face 3, or may be provided on only one of the sides; for example, the upper blade surface 1 is a dodecagon having an approximately square shape, and the cutting edges 4 may be formed on all twelve sides of the dodecagon, or may be formed on only three sides on one side thereof (as shown in fig. 2); the cutting edge 4 has a certain edge width on the upper tool surface 1;

optionally, the side surface 3 includes a first side surface 31 connected to the upper tool surface 1 and a second side surface 32 connected to the bottom surface 2, a certain included angle is formed between the first side surface 31 and the second side surface 32, and a clearance angle F formed by the cutting edge 4 and the first side surface 31 is smaller than a clearance angle E formed by the cutting edge 4 and the second side surface 32;

the included angle between the side surface 3 and the surface vertical to the upper tool surface 1 and the bottom surface 2 forms a back angle of the blade, and the back angle is composed of F and E;

optionally, the clearance angle F is between 4 ° and 11 °, and the clearance angle E is between 9 ° and 26 °; preferably, the clearance angle F is between 5 and 10 degrees, and the clearance angle E is between 10 and 25 degrees; more preferably, the clearance angle F is 7 DEG, and the clearance angle E is 22.6 DEG;

the cutting edge 4 comprises a first cutting edge 41, a second cutting edge 42 and a third cutting edge 43 which are arranged in sequence; the first cutting edge 41 forms an included angle α with the second cutting edge 42, the second cutting edge 42 forms an included angle β with the third cutting edge 43, α < β; the first cutting edge 41 length L1 is less than or equal to the second cutting edge 42 length L2 and greater than the third cutting edge 43 length L3;

as shown in fig. 2, the first cutting edge 41 and the third cutting edge 43 are both inclined inward (i.e., toward the middle of the insert);

the size of the insert is determined by the IC value tangential to the cutting edge 4, and the profile is determined by the proportions and angles α, β of L1, L2, L3;

optionally, L1/L2 is 0.5-0.95, and L3/L2 is 0.15-0.5; preferably, L1/L2 is 0.5-0.9, and L3/L2 is 0.2-0.5; more preferably, L1/L2 is 0.63, and L3/L2 is 0.37.

The cutting edge 4 designed according to the length and the relative angle can change the forming and chip dividing of chips when the blade is used for cutting and processing workpieces, so that the aims of better chip removal and cutting force reduction are fulfilled, namely the blade has more economic cutting edges while the performance is ensured, and the appearance is more convenient to produce.

The specific principle is as follows: when the blade is used for cutting a workpiece, the chips cut off from the workpiece by three sections of different cutting edges 4 extend and gather together from different directions due to different angles and lengths of the cutting edges 4, and then a plurality of chips extending from a plurality of angles to the middle part of the blade collide with each other, are entangled with each other, are pulled mutually and interact with each other, so that the breakage of the chips is accelerated, the chips are finer, and the difficulty in chip removal is greatly reduced. And after the chips pass through the cutting edge 4, the chips can interact or form C-shaped chips, so that the breaking and the discharge of the chips are more facilitated.

Moreover, the three cutting edges 4 increase the contact length of the insert and the chip as a whole, and in particular, each cutting edge 4 actually decreases the contact length of each cutting edge 4 and the chip. The design reduces cutting force and ensures that the cutting fluid is more fully contacted with the blade and chips. Greatly enhances the heat dissipation of the blade and the cutting chips and prolongs the service life of the cutter.

Further, the cutting edge 4 further comprises a first transition edge 44, a second transition edge 45 and a third transition edge 46, which are sequentially connected in the following order: a first transition edge 44, a first cutting edge 41, a second transition edge 45, a second cutting edge 42, a third transition edge 46, a third cutting edge 43.

The width of the cutting edge 4 (the edge width of the first transition edge 44, the first cutting edge 41, the second transition edge 45, the second cutting edge 42, the third transition edge 46, the third cutting edge 43) may be combined differently depending on the application, resulting in an optimal combination of edge strength and sharpness.

Preferably, the first cutting edge 41 has the same width as the second transition edge 45 and the second cutting edge 42, and the ratio of the width to the width of the third cutting edge 43 is 0.7; the third cutting edge 43 passes through or is closer to the center, and the cutting speed is zero at the center, so that the strength of the cutting edge needs to be enhanced by increasing the margin treatment, and the safety of the cutting edge is improved; more preferably, the first cutting edge 41, the second transition edge 45 and the second cutting edge 42 have an edge width of 0.07 mm, and the third cutting edge 43 has an edge width of 0.1 mm.

Optionally, a concave chip breaker groove 5 is arranged on the upper tool face 1, the chip breaker groove 5 is arranged along the cutting edge 4, the outer edge of the chip breaker groove 5 is connected with the cutting edge 4, the inner edge is connected with the plane part of the upper tool face 1, and the chip breaker groove 5 has a certain depth; when this insert is used for cutting, the chip flows out along the outer edge where the breaker groove 5 reaches, and the chip is highly heated immediately after being separated from the workpiece, and the heat gradually decreases as the chip flows out from the cutting edge to the breaker groove 5, and the chip is usually cooled by the cutting fluid.

Specifically, the chip breaker 5 includes a first chip breaker, a second chip breaker and a third chip breaker, and the first chip breaker, the second chip breaker and the third chip breaker are respectively connected with or adjacent to the first cutting edge 41, the second cutting edge 42 and the third cutting edge 43.

The chip breakers 5 are also arranged at a plurality of angles to each other, as are the cutting edges 4. The chips flowing to the chip breaker groove 5 are guided to further extend and gather towards the middle part of the blade, so that a plurality of chips extending from a plurality of angles to the middle part of the blade are more fully collided, entangled, pulled and interacted, and the breakage of the chips is further aggravated.

The insert for hole machining in embodiment 2 of the present application comprises an upper tool face 1 and a bottom face 2 which are oppositely arranged, wherein both the upper tool face 1 and the bottom face 2 are a dodecagon which is approximately square, and the bottom face 2 is slightly smaller than the upper tool face 1 and is a smooth plane; the side surface 3 extends between the upper tool surface 1 and the bottom surface 2, and the upper tool surface 1, the bottom surface and the side surface 3 are connected and surrounded to form a solid shape similar to a table shape; the upper tool face 1 and the side face 3 intersect to form a cutting edge 4, and 12 sections of cutting edges 4 are formed; the middle part of the blade is provided with a mounting hole 6 extending along the axis of the blade, and the mounting hole 6 penetrates through the upper blade surface 1 and the bottom surface 2; the upper tool face 1 is recessed with a chip breaker groove 5, the chip breaker groove 5 extends along the cutting edge 4, the chip breaker groove 5 has a certain depth, the outer edge is connected with the inner side of the cutting edge 4, and the inner edge is connected with the rest plane part of the upper tool face 1; the side surface 3 comprises a first side surface 31 and a second side surface 32, the first side surface 31 is connected with the upper tool surface 1, the second side surface 32 is connected with the bottom surface 2, a slightly smaller included angle is formed between the first side surface 31 and the second side surface 32, and the second side surface 32 is more inclined towards the middle part of the blade (i.e. inwards inclined) relative to the first side surface 31; the clearance angle F formed by the cutting edge 4 and the first side surface 31 is smaller than the clearance angle E formed by the cutting edge 4 and the second side surface 32, the clearance angle F is 7 degrees, and the clearance angle E is 22.6 degrees; the cutting edge 4 comprises a first transition edge 44, a first cutting edge 41, a second transition edge 45, a second cutting edge 42, a third transition edge 46 and a third cutting edge 43 which are arranged in sequence; the edge widths of the first cutting edge 41, the second transition edge 45 and the second cutting edge 42 are 0.07 mm, and the edge width of the third cutting edge 43 is 0.1 mm; the included angle alpha formed by the first cutting edge 41 and the second cutting edge 42 is smaller than the included angle beta formed by the second cutting edge 42 and the third cutting edge 43; the length L1 of the first cutting edge 41 is 0.63 relative to the length L2 of the second cutting edge 42, and the length L3 of the third cutting edge 43 is 0.37 relative to the length L2 of the second cutting edge 42.

The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. a kind of insert for hole machining, it is characterized in that, comprise the upper blade face and the bottom face that are arranged oppositely, and the side face extending between the described upper blade face and the bottom face, and the described upper blade face and the described side face intersect A cutting edge is formed; the cutting edge includes a first cutting edge, a second cutting edge and a third cutting edge arranged in sequence; the first cutting edge and the second cutting edge form an included angle α, and the second cutting edge The edge and the third cutting edge form an included angle β, the α<β; the length L1 of the first cutting edge is less than or equal to the length L2 of the second cutting edge, and greater than the length of the third cutting edge Length L3.

2 . The insert for hole machining according to claim 1 , wherein the upper cutter face is provided with a chip breaker, and the chip breaker is arranged along the cutting edge. 3 .

3 . The insert for hole machining according to claim 1 , wherein the cutting edge further comprises a first transition edge, a second transition edge, and a third transition edge, which are connected in the following order. 4 . : the first transition edge, the first cutting edge, the second transition edge, the second cutting edge, the third transition edge, and the third cutting edge.

4 . The insert for hole machining according to claim 3 , wherein the first cutting edge, the second transition edge and the second cutting edge have the same width, and the first cutting edge has the same width. 5 . The edge width ratio of the cutting edge to the third cutting edge is 0.7.

5 . The insert for hole machining according to claim 1 , wherein the L1/L2=0.5-0.95, and the L3/L2=0.15-0.5. 6 .

6 . The insert for hole machining according to claim 5 , wherein the L1/L2=0.63 and the L3/L2=0.37. 7 .

7 . The insert for hole machining according to claim 1 , wherein the side surface comprises a first side surface connected with the upper cutting surface, and a second side surface connected with the bottom surface. 8 . ; The clearance angle F formed by the cutting edge and the first side surface is smaller than the clearance angle E formed by the cutting edge and the second side surface.

8 . The insert for hole machining according to claim 7 , wherein the clearance angle F is between 4° and 11°, and the clearance angle E is between 9° and 26°. 9 .

9 . The insert for hole machining according to claim 8 , wherein the clearance angle F is 7°, and the clearance angle E is 22.6°. 10 .