CN113399713B - Blade for hole machining - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides an insert for hole machining, comprising an upper face and a bottom face oppositely arranged, and a side surface extending between the upper face and the bottom face, the upper face intersects with the side face to form a cutting edge The cutting edge includes a first cutting edge, a second cutting edge and a third cutting edge arranged in sequence; the first cutting edge and the second cutting edge form an included angle α, and the second cutting edge and the second cutting edge form an included angle α. The third cutting edge forms an included angle β, where α<β; the length L1 of the first cutting edge is less than or equal to the length L2 of the second cutting edge, and greater than the length L3 of the third cutting edge. The object of the present invention is to solve the problem of unbalance between the chip effect of hole processing and the economical efficiency of use, and provide a hole processing insert which is beneficial to production and use.

Description

A blade for hole machining

technical field

The invention belongs to the field of cutting tools, in particular to a blade for hole processing.

Background technique

In the machining industry, any kind of machine cannot be made without holes. To connect the parts, screw holes, pin holes or rivet holes of various sizes are needed; in order to fix the transmission parts, various mounting holes are needed; machine parts themselves also have many various holes (such as oil holes, process holes, lightening holes, etc.). The surface of the inner hole is one of the important surfaces that make up the mechanical parts. In mechanical parts, parts with holes generally account for 50% to 80% of the total number of parts. And the tool for hole processing has the following characteristics:

①Most hole machining tools are fixed-size tools, and the dimensional accuracy and shape accuracy of the tool itself inevitably have an important impact on the machining accuracy of the hole.

②The hole machining tool size is limited by the diameter of the machining hole, and the cross-sectional size of the tool is small, so the tool rigidity is poor, the cutting is unstable, and vibration is easy to occur.

③The hole machining tool is cut in the surrounding of the workpiece surface, and the cutting is in a closed or semi-closed state, so it is difficult to remove chips, the cutting fluid is not easy to enter the cutting area, and it is difficult to observe the actual situation in the cutting, which affects the quality of the workpiece. , Tool life will have adverse effects.

④ There are many types and specifications of hole machining tools.

Therefore, during processing, safety is usually considered, and ideal chips are expected to be obtained, and at the same time, it is hoped that the cutting force can be reduced to ensure the stability of the cutter body. Chip formation and smooth evacuation often become key issues in production.

At present, when the known hole machining inserts on the market are cutting workpieces, if most of the domestic center inserts have good chip formation and cutting force, one insert has only 2 to 3 effective cutting edges, and the economy is not enough. If there are four effective cutting edges (at present, there are at most four cutting edges in hole processing), the chips and cutting force will be bad, especially when the ratio of drilling depth to tool diameter is 4 to 5 times, the contradiction is particularly prominent. At present, the structure of the flow hole processing blade in the market is complex, and the production process is strictly required.

Contents of the invention

In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to solve the problem of imbalance between the cutting effect of hole machining and the economical efficiency of use, and provide a hole machining insert that is beneficial to production and use.

The patent solution provides a blade for hole machining, comprising: an upper knife surface and a bottom surface arranged oppositely, and a side surface extending between the upper knife surface and the bottom surface, and the upper knife surface intersects with the side surface to form Cutting edge; the cutting edge includes a first cutting edge, a second cutting edge and a third cutting edge arranged in sequence; the first cutting edge and the second cutting edge form an included angle α, and the second cutting edge An angle β is formed with the third cutting edge, and the α<β; the length L1 of the first cutting edge is less than or equal to the length L2 of the second cutting edge and greater than the length of the third cutting edge L3.

Further, the upper cutting surface is provided with a chip breaker, and the chip breaker is arranged along the cutting edge.

Further, the cutting edge also includes a first transition edge, a second transition edge, and a third transition edge, which are sequentially connected in the following order: the first transition edge, the first cutting edge, the second transition edge, the second cutting edge, the third transition edge, the third cutting edge.

Further, the edge width of the first cutting edge is the same as that of the second transition edge and the second cutting edge, and the edge width ratio of the first cutting edge and the third cutting edge is 0.7.

Further, the L1/L2=0.5-0.95, and the L3/L2=0.15-0.5.

Further, the L1/L2=0.63, and the L3/L2=0.37.

Further, the side surface includes a first side surface connected to the upper cutting surface, and a second side surface connected to the bottom surface, and the clearance angle F formed between the cutting edge and the first side surface is smaller than the The clearance angle E formed by the cutting edge and the second side surface.

Further, the clearance angle F is between 4° and 11°, and the clearance angle E is between 9° and 26°.

Further, the clearance angle F is 7°, and the clearance angle E is 22.6°.

The improvement of this patent brings following advantages:

(1) The blade in the embodiment of the present application has three different cutting edges (first, second and third cutting edges) on one side. According to the long-term use and manufacturing experience, the inventor designed the three cutting edges to form different angles with each other. Moreover, the lengths and relative angles of different cutting edges (first, second and third cutting edges) are determined through calculation, simulation and hundreds of tests. The blade manufactured according to this length and relative angle can change the chip shape and chip division when using the blade for workpiece cutting, so as to achieve better chip removal and reduce cutting force, that is, while ensuring the performance of the blade, It also has a more economical number of cutting edges, and the shape is more convenient to produce. The specific principle is: when the blade is used to cut the workpiece, the chips cut from the workpiece by three different cutting edges, because of the different angles and lengths of the cutting edges, the chips extend from different directions to the middle of the blade. , gather, and then the multiple chips extending from multiple angles to the middle of the blade collide with each other, entangle each other, pull each other, and interact with each other, which accelerates the breaking of the chips, makes the chips finer, and greatly reduces the difficulty of chip removal. Moreover, after the chips pass through the cutting edge, the chips will interact with each other or form C-shaped chips, which is more conducive to the breaking and discharge of chips.

(2) Another advantage of the three-segment cutting edge is that the contact length between the insert and the chip is increased in general, and each cutting edge (first, second and third cutting edge) is actually reduced. The contact length of each cutting edge (first, second and third cutting edge) with chips. This design reduces the cutting force per unit length of the cutting edge and ensures that the cutting fluid contacts the blade and chips more fully. Greatly enhances the heat dissipation of the blade and chips, increasing the life of the tool.

(3) At the same time, the upper cutting surface of the blade can be designed as an approximate quadrilateral, and each side of the approximate quadrilateral can intersect with the side to form a cutting edge (each side forms a first, second and third cutting edge). blade). Then the effective cutting edges of the blade will reach 12, compared with only two or three cutting edges in the prior art, the economic performance of the blade is greatly improved.

(4) As a further improvement, the chip breaker on the upper face is arranged along the cutting edge, and the chip breaker is the same as the cutting edge, forming multiple angles with each other. The chips flowing to the chip breaker are guided to further extend and gather toward the middle of the insert, so that multiple chips extending from multiple angles to the middle of the insert can more fully collide, entangle, pull and interact, further aggravating the chip damage. of the break.

Description of drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of a blade for hole processing according to an embodiment of the present application;

Fig. 2 is a top view structural schematic diagram of a blade used for hole processing according to an embodiment of the present application;

Fig. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of a blade for hole processing according to an embodiment of the present application;

Among them, 1 is the upper face, 2 is the bottom surface, 3 is the side face, 31 is the first side face, 32 is the second side face, 4 is the cutting edge, 41 is the first cutting edge, 42 is the second cutting edge, 43 is the second cutting edge Three cutting edges, 44 is the first transition edge, 45 is the second transition edge, 46 is the third transition edge, 5 is the chip breaker, and 6 is the mounting hole.

Detailed ways

Embodiments of the present invention are described below through specific examples, and those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the content disclosed in this specification. The present invention can also be implemented or applied through other different specific implementation modes, and various modifications or changes can be made to the details in this specification based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

In order to allow those skilled in the art to better understand the present application, the inventor's idea of the invention will be described in detail below.

As mentioned above in the background art, it is difficult for the blades currently on the market to strike a balance in terms of chips, cutting force and economy to achieve the best results. Specifically, if the chip formation and cutting force are good, there are generally only 2 to 3 effective cutting edges of a blade, and the economy is not enough. If there are four effective cutting edges (at present, there are at most four cutting edges in hole processing), the chips and cutting force will be bad, especially when the ratio of drilling depth to tool diameter is 4 to 5 times, the contradiction is particularly prominent. Moreover, the current flow hole processing blades in the market have complex structures and strict requirements on the production process.

In view of this, the inventor hopes to design a tool that can not only have good cutting force, chip formation and smooth discharge, but also has multiple cutting edges, long service life of the blade, and can simultaneously improve the economic performance of the blade and can be used for hole processing. blade.

Since most of the existing hole machining tools are fixed-size tools, the dimensional accuracy and shape accuracy of the tool itself will inevitably have an important impact on the machining accuracy of the hole. Then the blade can have multiple cutting edges 4 with different lengths and angles, so that one blade can have the processing performance of multiple blades in the prior art.

Furthermore, the size of the existing hole machining tool is limited by the diameter of the machined hole, and the cross-sectional size of the tool is small, so the tool rigidity is poor, cutting is unstable, and vibration is easy to occur. Then the length of the cutting edge 4 can be appropriately lengthened, and an ingenious relative angle can be designed to achieve an optimal solution between the rigidity of the blade and the cutting force.

Next, the hole machining tool is cut in the surrounding of the machined surface of the workpiece. The cutting is in a closed or semi-closed state, so it is difficult to remove chips, the cutting fluid is not easy to enter the cutting area, and it is difficult to observe the actual situation during cutting. Quality, tool life will be adversely affected. It is necessary to make the chips smaller as much as possible, so that the fine chips can be discharged from the closed or semi-closed space more smoothly, and the cutting fluid can enter more easily, while enhancing the heat dissipation, and improving the service life of the blade.

Please refer to FIGS. 1-3 . Embodiment 1 of the present application is an insert for hole processing, which includes an upper knife surface 1 and a bottom surface 2 oppositely arranged, and a side surface 3 extending between the upper knife surface 1 and the bottom surface 2. ;

The upper knife surface 1 and the bottom surface 2 are relatively arranged and basically parallel;

As shown in Figure 2, optionally, the upper knife surface 1 can be a dodecagon, which is similar to a square; or the dodecagon can be considered to be composed of three concentric and different diameters. The square with the inscribed circle is combined according to the design angle; the dodecagon can be rounded;

The upper cutting surface 1 intersects the side surface 3 to form a cutting edge 4;

The cutting edge 4 can be provided on the edge formed by the intersection of the upper face 1 and the side face 3, or it can be provided only on one side of the edge; for example, the upper face 1 is a dodecagon that is approximately square , the cutting edge 4 can be formed on all twelve sides of the dodecagon, or can only be formed on three sides of one side (as shown in Figure 2); the cutting edge 4 is on the upper face 1 have a certain blade width;

Optionally, the side 3 includes a first side 31 connected to the top face 1, and a second side 32 connected to the bottom 2, there is a certain angle between the first side 31 and the second side 32, and The clearance angle F formed by the cutting edge 4 and the first side surface 31 is smaller than the clearance angle E formed by the cutting edge 4 and the second side surface 32;

The angle between the side 3 and the surface perpendicular to the top surface 1 and the bottom surface 2 forms the back angle of the blade, which is composed of F and E;

Optionally, the clearance angle F is between 4° and 11°, and the clearance angle E is between 9° and 26°; preferably, the clearance angle F is between 5° and 10°, and the clearance angle E is between 10° and between 25°; more preferably, the clearance angle F is 7°, and the clearance angle E is 22.6°;

The cutting edge 4 includes a first cutting edge 41, a second cutting edge 42 and a third cutting edge 43 arranged in sequence; the first cutting edge 41 forms an included angle α with the second cutting edge 42, and the first The second cutting edge 42 forms an included angle β with the third cutting edge 43, and the α<β; the length L1 of the first cutting edge 41 is less than or equal to the length L2 of the second cutting edge 42 and greater than the length L2 of the first cutting edge 42 Three cutting edges 43 length L3;

As shown in Figure 2, both the first cutting edge 41 and the third cutting edge 43 are inclined inwardly (ie toward the middle of the blade);

The size of the blade is determined by the IC value tangent to the cutting edge 4, and the shape is determined by the ratio of L1, L2, L3 and the angles α, β;

Optionally, L1/L2=0.5-0.95, L3/L2=0.15-0.5; preferably, L1/L2=0.5-0.9, L3/L2=0.2-0.5; more preferably, L1/L2=0.63, L3 /L2=0.37.

The cutting edge 4 designed according to this length and relative angle can change the shape and chip division of chips when using the blade for workpiece cutting, so as to achieve better chip removal and reduce cutting force, that is, while ensuring the performance of the blade, It also has a more economical number of cutting edges, and the shape is more convenient to produce.

The specific principle is: when the blade is used to cut the workpiece, the chips cut from the workpiece by three different cutting edges 4, because of the different angles and lengths of the cutting edges 4, the chips flow from different directions to the middle of the blade. The multiple chips that extend in one direction, gather together, and then extend from multiple angles to the middle of the blade collide, entangle, pull and interact with each other, which accelerates the chip breakage, makes the chips finer, and greatly reduces the difficulty of chip removal . Moreover, after the chips pass through the cutting edge 4, the chips will interact with each other or form C-shaped chips, which is more conducive to breaking and discharging of the chips.

Moreover, the three cutting edges 4 generally increase the contact length between the insert and the chip, and each cutting edge 4 specifically reduces the contact length between each cutting edge 4 and the chip. This design not only reduces the cutting force, but also ensures that the cutting fluid contacts the blade and chips more fully. Greatly enhances the heat dissipation of the blade and chips, increasing the life of the tool.

Further, the cutting edge 4 also includes a first transition edge 44, a second transition edge 45, and a third transition edge 46, which are successively connected in the following order: the first transition edge 44, the first cutting edge 41, the second transition edge 45 , the second cutting edge 42 , the third transition edge 46 , and the third cutting edge 43 .

The width of the cutting edge 4 (edge width of the first transition edge 44, the first cutting edge 41, the second transition edge 45, the second cutting edge 42, the third transition edge 46, and the third cutting edge 43) varies according to the application There will be different combinations to form the best combination of edge strength and sharpness.

Preferably, the edge width of the first cutting edge 41 is the same as that of the second transition edge 45 and the second cutting edge 42, and the edge width ratio of the third cutting edge 43 is 0.7; the third cutting edge 43 passes through or Closer to the center, the cutting speed is zero at the center, so it is necessary to increase the margin treatment to strengthen the edge strength and improve the safety of the edge; more preferably, the first cutting edge 41, the second transition edge 45, the second cutting edge The edge width of the edge 42 is 0.07 mm, and the edge width of the third cutting edge 43 is 0.1 mm.

Optionally, a concave chip breaker 5 is provided on the upper face 1, and the chip breaker 5 is arranged along the cutting edge 4. The outer edge of the chip breaker 5 is in contact with the cutting edge 4, and the inner edge is in contact with the upper knife. The plane parts of the surface 1 are connected, and the chip breaker 5 has a certain depth; when the insert is cutting, the chips flow out along the outer edge where the chip breaker 5 reaches, and when the chips are just separated from the workpiece, the heat is very high. From the cutting edge to the chip breaker 5, the heat is gradually reduced, and the chips are usually cooled by the cutting fluid.

Specifically, the chip breaker 5 includes a first chip breaker, a second chip breaker and a third chip breaker, and the first chip breaker, the second chip breaker and the third chip breaker are connected with the first cutting edge 41 respectively. , the second cutting edge 42 and the third cutting edge 43 are connected or adjacent to each other.

Like the cutting edges 4, the chip breakers 5 also form multiple angles with each other. The chips flowing to the chip breaker 5 are guided to further extend and gather toward the middle of the blade, allowing multiple chips extending from multiple angles to the middle of the blade to more fully collide, entangle, pull and interact, further intensifying the chip breakage.

Embodiment 2 of the present application is a blade for hole machining, which includes an upper knife surface 1 and a bottom surface 2 oppositely arranged. The knife surface 1 is slightly smaller and is a smooth plane; the side surface 3 extending between the upper knife surface 1 and the bottom surface 2, the upper knife surface 1, the bottom surface and the side surface 3 are connected and surrounded to form a three-dimensional shape similar to a table ;The upper knife face 1 intersects with the side face 3 to form a cutting edge 4, forming a total of 12 sections of cutting edge 4; the middle part of the blade is a mounting hole 6 extending along the blade axis, and the mounting hole 6 runs through the upper knife face 1 and the bottom surface 2; A chip breaker 5 is recessed on the surface 1. The chip breaker 5 extends along the cutting edge 4. The chip breaker 5 has a certain depth. The rest of the plane part; the side 3 includes a first side 31 and a second side 32, the first side 31 is connected with the upper knife surface 1, the second side 32 is connected with the bottom surface 2, between the first side 31 and the second side 32 With a slightly smaller angle, the second side 32 is more inclined to the middle of the insert (that is, inwardly inclined) relative to the first side 31; the clearance angle F formed by the cutting edge 4 and the first side 31 is smaller than that between the cutting edge 4 and the second side. The clearance angle E formed by the side surface 32, the clearance angle F is 7°, and the clearance angle E is 22.6°; the cutting edge 4 includes a first transition edge 44, a first cutting edge 41, a second transition edge 45, and a second cutting edge arranged in sequence. Edge 42, the third transition edge 46, the third cutting edge 43; the edge width value of the first cutting edge 41, the second transition edge 45, the second cutting edge 42 is 0.07 mm, the edge width of the third cutting edge 43 The value is 0.1 mm; the angle α formed by the first cutting edge 41 and the second cutting edge 42 is smaller than the angle β formed by the second cutting edge 42 and the third cutting edge 43; the length L1 of the first cutting edge 41 is compared with the second cutting edge 41 The length L2 of the edge 42 is 0.63, and the length L3 of the third cutting edge 43 is 0.37 compared to the length L2 of the second cutting edge 42 .

The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention can easily think of changes or Replacement should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be determined by the protection scope of the claims.

Claims (6)

1. An insert for hole machining comprising oppositely disposed upper and lower rake surfaces and side surfaces extending between the upper and lower rake surfaces, the upper rake surface intersecting the side surfaces to form a cutting edge; the cutting edges comprise a first transition edge, a first cutting edge, a second transition edge, a second cutting edge, a third transition edge and a third cutting edge which are sequentially arranged; the first cutting edge and the second cutting edge form an included angle alpha, the second cutting edge and the third cutting edge form an included angle beta, and alpha < beta; the length L1 of the first cutting edge is smaller than or equal to the length L2 of the second cutting edge and is larger than the length L3 of the third cutting edge; the ratio of the edge widths of the first cutting edge and the third cutting edge is 0.7; the widths of the first cutting edge, the second transition edge and the second cutting edge are the same; the side surface comprises a first side surface connected with the upper cutter surface and a second side surface connected with the bottom surface; and a clearance angle F formed by the cutting edge and the first side surface is smaller than a clearance angle E formed by the cutting edge and the second side surface.

2. An insert for hole machining according to claim 1, wherein the upper rake surface is provided with chip-breaking grooves provided along the cutting edge.

3. A blade for hole machining according to claim 1, characterized in that L1/l2 = 0.5-0.95 and L3/l2 = 0.15-0.5.

4. A blade for hole machining according to claim 3, characterized in that L1/l2=0.63 and L3/l2=0.37.

5. An insert for hole machining according to claim 1, wherein the clearance angle F is between 4 ° and 11 ° and the clearance angle E is between 9 ° and 26 °.

6. An insert for hole machining according to claim 5, wherein the clearance angle F is 7 ° and the clearance angle E is 22.6 °.

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