CN111212625B - 气溶胶泡沫洁肤剂 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种封装的气溶胶发泡洁肤剂,所述封装的气溶胶发泡洁肤剂可包括多相皮肤清洁组合物;包括氢氟烯烃、氢氯氟烯烃或它们的组合的发泡剂;以及包装件。
Description
技术领域
封装的气溶胶发泡洁肤剂可包括多相皮肤清洁组合物;包括氢氟烯烃、氢氯氟烯烃或它们的组合的发泡剂;以及包装件。
背景技术
发泡洁肤剂在希望能够在分配时使用产品而无需太多额外工作来自己产生泡沫的消费者中正成为受欢迎的形式。发泡清洁剂可通过手动发泡器(如泵)而使用或通过采用发泡剂和/或推进剂的气溶胶发泡器而使用。发泡剂的引入可影响被分配的清洁组合物,因为发泡剂与清洁组合物混合。发泡剂与组合物之间的相互作用可能对组合物具有有害影响。因此,需要与清洁剂中的一种或多种组分具有较少相互作用的发泡剂。
发明内容
一种封装的气溶胶发泡洁肤剂,包括:a)多相皮肤清洁组合物,该多相皮肤清洁组合物包含结构化清洁相和有益相,其中结构化清洁相包含支链阴离子表面活性剂,并且有益相包含疏水性有益剂;其中多相清洁组合物为剪切致稀的;b)包括氢氟烯烃、氢氯氟烯烃或它们的组合的发泡剂;以及c)用于分配气溶胶发泡洁肤剂的包装件。
这种组合和其他可能的组合将在下文更详细地说明。
附图说明
图1为气溶胶包装件的透视图;
图2A为图1的具有阀上袋构型的气溶胶包装件的分解图;和
图2B为图1的具有浸料管构型的气溶胶包装件的分解图。
具体实施方式
虽然本说明书通过特别指出并清楚地要求保护本发明的权利要求书作出结论,但据信根据以下描述将更好地理解本发明。
本发明的装置、设备、方法、组分和/或组合物可包括本发明的组分及本文所述的其他成分、基本上由本发明的组分及本文所述的其他成分组成、或由本发明的组分及本文所述的其他成分组成。如本文所用,“基本上由……组成”是指装置、设备、方法、组分和/或组合物可包含附加成分,但前提条件是附加成分不实质性改变受权利要求书保护的装置、设备、方法、组分和/或组合物的基本特征和新颖特征。
除非另外指明,本文所用的所有百分比和比率均按所述总组合物的重量计,并且所有的测量均在25℃进行。
除非另外指明,本文中使用的所有测量值均为公制单位。
如本文所用,“发泡剂”是指与气溶胶包装件内的皮肤清洁组合物混合并使得皮肤清洁组合物在离开气溶胶包装件时或在其离开气溶胶包装件不久后发泡的材料。
如本文所用,“不含”是指所述成分未被添加到气溶胶泡沫洁肤剂中,但可附带地形成为其他组分的副产物或反应产物。
如本文所用,“低压发泡剂”是指在21℃的温度下具有约20psi或更低的蒸气压的发泡剂,该发泡剂在添加到气溶胶泡沫洁肤剂之前可使用标准压力计和方法在发泡剂筒中对该发泡剂进行测量。
如本文所用,“低压推进剂”是指在21℃的温度下具有约20psi或更低的蒸气压的推进剂,该推进剂在添加到气溶胶泡沫洁肤剂之前可使用标准压力计和方法在推进剂筒中对该推进剂进行测量。
当相对于皮肤清洁组合物使用时,“多相”是指包含至少两个化学上不同的相(例如,结构化清洁相和有益相)的皮肤清洁组合物。此类相可彼此直接物理接触。多相皮肤清洁组合物的相可共混或混合至显著程度,但在物理上仍然不同,类似分散体。在这些情况下,肉眼通常察觉不到物理不同性。当处于共混状态时,这些相是稳定的,并且在不受干扰地搁置时不会发生显著地相分离。所谓没有显著的相分离是指组合物在使用前不需要摇动。此外,处于共混构型时,这些相不是乳液的形式。这些相还可以是物理接触的和视觉上不同的。视觉上不同的相可呈多种形式(例如相可呈现为条纹状、大理石花纹状)。同样,视觉上不同的相是稳定的,而不是在静置时已分离,然后在使用前需要再分散的相。皮肤清洁组合物还可包括共混且视觉上不同的相的组合。
如本文所用,“非离子低HLB乳化剂”是指HLB(亲水和亲脂平衡)值为约1.5至约13的非离子表面活性剂。
如本文所用,“推进剂”是指有助于将皮肤清洁组合物从气溶胶包装件中排出,但直到从气溶胶包装件中分配才与皮肤清洁组合物相互作用的材料。
“STnS”是指十三烷基聚氧乙烯醚(n)硫酸钠,其中n可限定每分子的乙氧基化物的平均摩尔数。
如本文相对于组合物或相所用,“结构化”是指具有赋予多相组合物稳定性的流变性。结构化程度通过以下方法中的一种或多种由所测定的特性来确定:杨氏模量法、屈服应力法或零剪切粘度法,所有这些方法均在以下测试方法中。因此,如果相具有以下特性中的一种或多种,则认为表面活性剂相是结构化的:大于约0.1帕斯卡(Pa)至约300Pa的屈服应力;至少约500帕斯卡-秒(Pa-s)至约10,000Pa-s的零剪切粘度;或大于约1帕斯卡(Pa)至约300Pa的杨氏模量。
气溶胶泡沫洁肤剂
洁肤剂可具有多种形式。越来越流行的形式是泡沫的形式。泡沫洁肤剂可作为泡沫分配,或者可在分配后发泡。发泡洁肤剂通常为粘度低的胶束组合物,该粘度通常小于8,000cps,这允许清洁剂易于分配和发泡。此外,除了气溶胶发泡器之外,低粘度还允许使用机械发泡器,比如泵发泡器。
这些稀胶束组合物虽然可用于清洁,但不是在清洁过程期间用于将有益剂递送到皮肤的最佳载体。当希望清洁皮肤并将有益剂递送到皮肤时,结构化多相组合物是良好的候选物,比如包含层状相的那些结构化多相组合物。然而,不认为包含层状相的组合物对于发泡是理想的。这些组合物的结构通常导致高于8,000cps的较高粘度。结构和粘度均可使这些组合物难以发泡。此外,由于该结构有助于将有益剂递送到皮肤,因此理想的是即使在添加推进剂或发泡剂之后仍保持组合物的结构。
组合物可以以多种方式进行结构化。使组合物结构化的最常见方法是通过使用非表面活性剂结构剂。这些材料通常由较大链脂肪酸或其酯或较大链的脂肪醇或其醚组成。然而,这些类型的结构剂形成更刚性的结构,这可能需要高压推进剂以易于从气溶胶容器中分配。当在高温区域处分配气溶胶产品时,高压推进剂引起安全问题。因此,需要开发可用低压发泡剂分配的结构化表面活性剂。
克服与使用非表面活性剂结构剂相关联的缺点的一种方法是使用结构化表面活性剂,尤其是与低HLB非离子乳化剂结合使用。具有低HLB非离子乳化剂的结构化表面活性剂往往具有最佳流变性和与低压发泡剂的相容性。即使在结构化表面活性剂系列中,也存在更适于与气溶胶泡沫洁肤剂一起使用的一些材料。这些材料包括例如作为支链阴离子表面活性剂的结构化表面活性剂。
需要考虑的另一个因素是发泡剂与组合物的相互作用。许多发泡剂(如烃类发泡剂)可与清洁组合物的疏水性组分相互作用。因此,在清洁组合物包含疏水性有益剂的情况下,与疏水性有益剂的这种相互作用可对组合物将有益剂递送至皮肤的能力和/或有益剂沉积在皮肤上的能力具有有害影响。
已经发现,对抗发泡剂与疏水性有益剂的相互作用的一种方法是选择疏水性更高的发泡剂(即比烃类发泡剂疏水性更高)。例如,与使用烃类发泡剂相比,使用氢氟烯烃和/或氢氯氟烯烃类发泡剂(如反式-1,3,3,3-四氟丙烯)使得疏水性有益剂凡士林更好地沉积,参见下表1。
表1
从表1可以看出,与使用反式-1,3,3,3-四氟丙烯发泡剂的类似组合物相比,具有烃类发泡剂的比较组合物A和B具有低得多的凡士林沉积。据信,这至少部分是由于反式-1,3,3,3-四氟丙烯发泡剂的较高疏水性,并因此减少了与凡士林的相互作用。
当观察汲取管包装件内的组合物时,也看到这一点。即使在高得多的发泡剂水平(如9%和12%)并因此较低的有益剂总体水平下,使用反式-1,3,3,3-四氟丙烯发泡剂的组合物也看到较高的凡士林沉积(参见下表2)。
因此,使用非烃类发泡剂(如氢氟烯烃类和氢氯氟烯烃类,例如反式-1,3,3,3-四氟丙烯)可以使其自身具有更大的配制品灵活性,从而允许更多的疏水性组分不仅被包括在皮肤清洁组合物中,而且对产品性能具有更大的影响。
气溶胶泡沫洁肤剂
气溶胶泡沫洁肤剂可包括包装件、反式-1,3,3,3-四氟丙烯发泡剂和皮肤清洁组合物。包装件为适于使多相皮肤清洁组合物发泡的任何包装件,例如,气溶胶包装件。气溶胶剂包装件可包括例如阀上袋包装件或浸料管包装件。气溶胶泡沫洁肤剂可包含按气溶胶泡沫洁肤剂的重量计约80%至约99%的皮肤清洁组合物,以及按气溶胶泡沫洁肤剂的重量计约1%至约20%的反式-1,3,3,3-四氟丙烯发泡剂。
a)皮肤清洁组合物
皮肤清洁组合物可为多相的,例如,皮肤清洁组合物可包含清洁相和有益相。清洁相和有益相可物理接触。皮肤清洁组合物可包含多个相的组合。皮肤清洁组合物可包含按组合物的重量计约50%至约99%的清洁相,以及按组合物的重量计约1%至约50%的有益相。皮肤清洁组合物可为结构化的。皮肤清洁组合物也可为剪切致稀的。
i)清洁相
清洁相可为结构化的。该结构可包括例如层状结构或层状相。清洁相可包含主要表面活性剂。主要表面活性剂可包括支链阴离子表面活性剂。主要表面活性剂可为结构化表面活性剂。结构化表面活性剂可包括支链阴离子表面活性剂。清洁相可包含按皮肤清洁组合物的重量计例如约5%至约30%、或约5%至约25%的总表面活性剂。清洁相可包含按皮肤清洁组合物的重量计例如约5%至约30%、约7%至约25%、或约8%至约22%的主要表面活性剂。结构化表面活性剂可包括例如十三烷基聚氧乙烯醚(n)硫酸钠(STnS)。
对于STnS,n定义乙氧基化的平均摩尔数。n可在约0.5至约2.7、约1.1至约2.5、约1.8至约2.2的范围内,或者n可为约2。当n小于3时,STnS可提供改善的稳定性,有益剂在皮肤清洁组合物内改善的相容性,以及提高的皮肤清洁组合物温和性。
除了主要表面活性剂以外,皮肤清洁组合物还可包含辅助表面活性剂。皮肤清洁组合物可包含按皮肤清洁组合物的重量计约1%至约20%的辅助表面活性剂。辅助表面活性剂可包括例如阴离子和两性离子表面活性剂,以及非离子表面活性剂。
一些合适的阴离子辅助表面活性剂的示例包括十二烷基硫酸铵、聚氧乙烯月桂基醚硫酸铵、月桂基硫酸三乙基胺、聚氧乙烯月桂基醚硫酸三乙基胺、月桂基硫酸三乙醇胺、聚氧乙烯月桂基醚硫酸三乙醇胺、月桂基硫酸单乙醇胺、聚氧乙烯月桂基醚硫酸单乙醇胺、月桂基硫酸二乙醇胺、聚氧乙烯月桂基醚硫酸二乙醇胺、月桂酸甘油单酯硫酸钠、月桂基硫酸钠、聚氧乙烯月桂基醚硫酸钠、聚氧乙烯月桂基醚硫酸钾、月桂基肌氨酸钠、月桂酰肌氨酸钠、肌氨酸月桂酯、椰油基肌氨酸、椰油基硫酸铵、椰油基羟乙基磺酸钠、十二烷酰基硫酸铵、椰油基硫酸钠、月桂酰硫酸钠、椰油基硫酸钾、月桂基硫酸钾、椰油基硫酸单乙醇胺、十三烷基苯磺酸钠、十二烷基苯磺酸钠、以及它们的组合。两性辅助表面活性剂可包括被广泛描述为脂族仲胺和叔胺的衍生物的那些,其中脂族基团可为直链或支链,并且其中脂族取代基可包含约8至约18个碳原子,使得一个碳原子可包含水增溶性阴离子基团,例如羧基、磺酸根、硫酸根、磷酸根、或膦酸根。属于该定义范围内的化合物的示例可为3-十二烷基-氨基丙酸钠、3-十二烷基氨基丙烷磺酸钠、月桂基肌氨酸钠、N-烷基牛磺酸(诸如由十二烷基胺与羟乙基磺酸钠的反应制备的那种)、N-高级烷基天冬氨酸,以及它们的组合。两性表面活性剂的其它示例可包括月桂酰两性基乙酸钠、椰油酰两性基乙酸钠、月桂酰两性基乙酸二钠、椰油酰两性基乙酸二钠、以及它们的混合物。也可使用两性乙酸盐和二两性乙酸盐。
适于使用的两性离子辅助表面活性剂可包括被广泛描述为脂族季铵、鏻鎓和锍化合物的衍生物的那些,其中脂族基团可为直链或支链,并且其中脂族取代基可包含约8至约18个碳原子,使得一个碳原子可包含阴离子基团,例如羧基、磺酸根、硫酸根、磷酸根或膦酸根。其它两性离子表面活性剂可包括甜菜碱,包括椰油酰氨基丙基甜菜碱。
清洁相可包含非离子乳化剂。非离子乳化剂可为低HLB乳化剂。低HLB非离子乳化剂的HLB为约1.5至13.0、约3.4至13.0、约3.4至约9.5、或约3.4至约8.0。皮肤清洁组合物可包含的非离子乳化剂的浓度按皮肤清洁组合物的重量计在约0.1%至约10%、约0.25%至约8%、约0.5%至约5%、约1.0%至约3%、或约1.5%至约2.5%范围内。
表面活性剂分子中介于亲水部分和亲脂部分之间的平衡被用作分级的方法(亲水亲油平衡,HLB)。常用的表面活性剂的HLB值易于在文献(例如,McCutcheon's Emulsifiersand Detergents(MC Publishing Co.,2004)中的HLB索引)中获得。例如,在本领域已知椰油酰胺单乙醇胺(CMEA)具有16.8的HLB值。如果文献中未示出任何值,则可通过计算来估计HLB值。HLB体系最初由Griffin(J.Soc.Cosmetic Chem.,1,311,1949)发明。Griffin将表面活性剂的HLB值定义为亲水性基团的摩尔百分数被5除,其中全部亲水性分子(没有非极性基团)具有的HLB值为20。
可用于本文的非离子乳化剂的非限制性示例可包括单羟基硬脂酸甘油酯、异硬脂基聚氧乙烯醚-2、十三烷基聚氧乙烯醚-3、羟基硬脂酸、硬脂酸丙二醇酯、PEG-2硬脂酸酯、单硬脂酸脱水山梨醇酯、月桂酸甘油酯、月桂基聚氧乙烯醚-2、椰油酰胺单乙醇胺、月桂酰胺单乙醇胺、或它们的混合物。
清洁相还可包含缔合聚合物。清洁相可包含按个人护理组合物的重量计约0.001%至约5%、约0.005%至约0.5%、约0.007%至约0.05%、约0.008%至约0.04%、或约0.01%至约0.03%的缔合聚合物。
此类缔合聚合物可为交联的碱溶胀性缔合聚合物,所述聚合物包含酸性单体和具有疏水性端基的缔合单体,从而所述缔合聚合物具有疏水改性百分比,并且具有包含烷基官能团的疏水性侧链。不受理论的限制,据信酸性单体可有助于在中和酸性基团时缔合聚合物在水中溶胀的能力;并且缔合单体将缔合聚合物锚定到结构化表面活性剂疏水域例如疏水层中,以向表面活性剂相赋予结构,并且防止缔合聚合物塌缩以及在电解质存在下丧失效力。交联的缔合聚合物可具有疏水改性百分比,这是单体的摩尔百分比,表示为聚合物主链中所有单体的总数的百分比,包括酸性和其它非酸性单体。缔合聚合物的疏水改性百分比(下文为HM%)可通过合成期间添加的单体比率或通过分析技术诸如质子核磁共振(NMR)来确定。缔合烷基侧链可包括例如丁基、丙基、硬脂基、硬脂基聚氧乙烯醚、十六烷基、月桂基、月桂基聚氧乙烯醚、辛基、二十二烷基、山嵛醇聚醚、硬脂基聚氧乙烯醚、或其他直链、支链、饱和或不饱和的烷基或烷基聚氧乙烯醚烃侧链。
还已发现,具有一定%HM和一定烷基侧链疏水性端基碳数的交联缔合聚合物可向包含结构化表面活性剂的皮肤清洁组合物,尤其是向包含减少量的表面活性剂的皮肤清洁组合物提供显著的结构增强。此类缔合聚合物还可以以低水平提供上述结构。已知约5%或甚至10%的缔合聚合物的浓度可提供足够量的结构。已发现,当可优化缔合聚合物%HM与烷基侧链碳数时,可使用小于约3重量%、小于约2%、小于约1%以及小于约0.2%的缔合聚合物作为清洁相的百分比,来增加清洁相的结构。
酸性单体可包含任何酸性官能团,例如硫酸根、磺酸根、羧酸根、膦酸根、或磷酸根、或酸性基团的混合物。酸性单体可包含例如羧酸根。另选地,酸性单体可为丙烯酸酯,包括丙烯酸和/或甲基丙烯酸。酸性单体可包含可聚合结构例如乙烯基官能团。酸性单体的混合物,例如丙烯酸和甲基丙烯酸单体混合物也是可用的。
缔合单体可包含疏水性端基和可聚合组分,例如可连接的乙烯基。疏水性端基可通过不同的方法连接至可聚合组分,从而连接至聚合物链,但可被醚或酯或酰胺官能团连接,诸如丙烯酸烷基酯或链烷酸乙烯酯单体。疏水性端基也可通过例如烷氧基配体诸如烷基醚与链分开。缔合单体可为例如烷基酯、(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯,其中(甲基)丙烯酸酯被理解为是指甲基丙烯酸酯或丙烯酸酯,或两者的混合物。
示例性缔合聚合物可包括由Sumitomo Seika(Japan)制备的SER-300,其为丙烯酸酯/丙烯酸C10-C30烷基酯交联聚合物,并且包含具有小于约1%HM的硬脂基侧链。缔合聚合物可包含具有约0.7%疏水改性的约C16(鲸蜡基)烷基疏水性侧链,但是疏水改性百分比可高达包含表面活性剂的组合物中的水溶解度极限(例如,高达2%、5%、或10%)。其他缔合聚合物可包括硬脂基、辛基、癸基和月桂基侧链、丙烯酸烷基酯聚合物、聚丙烯酸酯、疏水改性的多糖、疏水改性的氨基甲酸酯、包含约C18(硬脂基)侧链和约0.4%HM的/>SER-150(丙烯酸酯/丙烯酸C10-C30烷基酯交联聚合物)、和包含约C8(辛基)侧链和约3.5%HM的/>HV-701EDR、以及它们的混合物。另一种示例性缔合聚合物可为由3V Sigma S.p.A.制造的Stabylen 30,其具有支化的异癸酸酯疏水性缔合侧链。
皮肤清洁组合物还可包含非缔合聚合物。皮肤清洁组合物可包含按皮肤清洁组合物的重量计约0.01%至约5%、约0.05%至约1%、约0.07%至约0.5%、或约0.1%至约0.3%的非缔合聚合物。合适的非缔合聚合物可包括具有不含疏水性基团的相对均匀的亲水性主链的水分散性聚合物。非缔合型聚合物的示例可包括生物聚合物多糖(例如,黄原胶、结冷胶)、纤维素多糖(例如,羧甲基纤维素、羧甲基羟乙基纤维素)、其他多糖(例如,瓜尔胶、羟丙基瓜尔胶和海藻酸钠)、合成的烃聚合物(例如,聚丙烯酰胺和共聚物、聚环氧乙烷、聚丙烯酸共聚物),以及它们的组合。
皮肤清洁组合物还可包含阳离子沉积聚合物。阳离子沉积聚合物按皮肤清洁组合物的重量计可以约0.1%至约2%的量存在。合适的阳离子沉积聚合物可包含阳离子含氮部分,诸如季铵部分。阳离子沉积聚合物的非限制性例子可包括多糖聚合物如阳离子纤维素衍生物。阳离子纤维素聚合物可为羟乙基纤维素与三甲基铵取代的环氧化物反应生成的盐,在工业界(CTFA)被称为聚季铵盐10,其可以它们的聚合物KG、JR和LR聚合物系列得自Amerchol Corp.(Edison,N.J.)。其他合适的阳离子沉积聚合物可包括阳离子瓜尔胶衍生物,诸如瓜尔羟丙基三甲基氯化铵,其具体的示例可包括可从Rhodia Inc.商购获得的系列和可从Aqualon商购获得的/>聚合物系列。沉积聚合物可具有约0.8meq/g至约2.0meq/g,或约1.0meq/g至约1.5meq/g,或约0.96meq/g的阳离子电荷密度。
清洁相还可包含电解质。电解质按皮肤清洁组合物的重量计可以约1%至约10%的水平存在。适宜的电解质可包含阴离子如磷酸根、氯离子、硫酸根、柠檬酸根、以及它们的混合物,和阳离子如钠、铵、钾、镁、以及它们的混合物。例如,合适的电解质可包括氯化钠、氯化铵、硫酸钠、硫酸铵、以及它们的混合物。
清洁相可包含水。清洁相可包含按皮肤清洁组合物的重量计约10%至约90%、约40%至约85%、或约60%至约80%的水。
ii)有益相
皮肤清洁组合物还可包含有益相。皮肤清洁组合物可包含两种或更多种有益相。有益相可为疏水性的和/或无水的。有益相还可基本上不含表面活性剂或者不含表面活性剂。皮肤清洁组合物还可包含按皮肤清洁组合物的重量计约3%至约50%的有益相。通常,有益相分散在清洁相中。
有益相可包含疏水性有益剂。皮肤清洁组合物还可包含按皮肤清洁组合物的重量计约0.1%至约20%的疏水性有益剂。疏水性有益剂可不溶于清洁相中。合适的有益剂可包括例如凡士林、单油酸甘油酯、矿物油、甘油酯(例如,大豆油)、蔗糖聚酯、羊毛脂、羊毛脂衍生物、羊毛脂酯、羊毛脂油、天然蜡、合成蜡、挥发性有机基硅氧烷、挥发性有机基硅氧烷的衍生物、非挥发性有机基硅氧烷、非挥发性有机基硅氧烷的衍生物、天然甘油三酯、合成甘油三酯,以及它们的混合物。
包括一种或多种类型的蔗糖聚酯。蔗糖聚酯来源于天然源,因此使用蔗糖聚酯作为有益剂可获得积极的环境影响。蔗糖聚酯为聚酯材料,所述聚酯材料具有围绕蔗糖主链的多个取代位点,以及脂肪链的链长、饱和度和衍生变量。此类蔗糖聚酯可具有大于约5的酯化度(“IBAR”)。例如,所述蔗糖聚酯可具有约5至约8的IBAR。又如,所述蔗糖聚酯可具有约5-7的IBAR;又如,所述蔗糖聚酯可具有约6的IBAR。在另一个例子中,所述蔗糖聚酯可具有约8的IBAR。由于蔗糖聚酯可衍生自天然源,因此IBAR和链长方面可存在分布。例如,IBAR为6的蔗糖聚酯可包含大部分IBAR为约6,一些IBAR为约5,并且一些IBAR为约7的混合物。另外,此类蔗糖聚酯可具有约3至约140的饱和度或碘值(“IV”)。又如,所述蔗糖聚酯可具有约10至约120的IV。在另一个例子中,所述蔗糖聚酯可具有约20至100的IV。此外,此类蔗糖聚酯可具有约C12至C20的链长。
适用的蔗糖聚酯的非限制性示例包括1618S、/>1618U、1618H、Sefa Soyate IMF 40、Sefa Soyate LP426、/>2275、/>C1695、/>C18:0 95、/>C1495、/>1618H B6、1618S B6、/>1618U B6、Sefa Cottonate、/>C1295、SefaC895、Sefa C1095、/>1618S B4.5,所有均购自The Procter and Gamble Co.(Cincinnati,Ohio)。蔗糖聚酯还可与有益相中的其它有益剂组合。
适用作本文疏水性有益剂的甘油脂的非限制性例子可包括蓖麻油、红花油、玉米油、胡桃油、花生油、橄榄油、鳕鱼肝油、杏仁油、鳄梨油、棕榈油、芝麻油、大豆油、植物油、向日葵籽油、植物油衍生物、椰子油和衍生的椰子油、棉籽油和衍生化棉籽油、霍霍巴油、可可油、凡士林、矿物油、以及它们的组合。
适用作本文疏水性有益剂的烷基酯的非限制性示例可包括脂肪酸异丙酯和长链(即,C10-C24)脂肪酸的长链酯,例如蓖麻油酸鲸蜡酯,其非限制性示例可包括棕榈酸异丙酯、肉豆蔻酸异丙酯、蓖麻油酸鲸蜡酯和蓖麻油酸十八烷基酯。其他示例可包括月桂酸己酯、月桂酸异己酯、肉豆蔻酸十四烷基酯、棕榈酸异己酯、油酸癸酯、油酸异癸酯、硬脂酸十六烷酯、硬脂酸癸酯、异硬脂酸异丙酯、己二酸二异丙酯、己二酸二异己酯、己二酸二己基癸酯、癸二酸二异丙酯、酰基异壬酸酯、乳酸月桂酯、乳酸十四烷酯、乳酸鲸蜡酯、以及它们的组合。
适用作本文疏水性有益剂的烯基酯的非限制性例子可包括肉豆蔻酸油基酯、硬脂酸油基酯、油酸油基酯、以及它们的组合。
适用作本文疏水性有益剂的脂肪酸聚甘油酯的非限制性例子可包括二硬脂酸十甘油酯、二异硬脂酸十甘油酯、单肉豆蔻酸十甘油酯、单月桂酸十甘油酯、单油酸六甘油酯、以及它们的组合。
适用作本文疏水性有益剂的羊毛脂和羊毛脂衍生物的非限制性例子可包括羊毛脂、羊毛脂油、羊毛脂蜡、羊毛脂醇、羊毛脂脂肪酸、羊毛脂酸异丙酯、乙酰化羊毛脂、乙酰化羊毛脂醇、亚油酸羊毛脂醇酯、蓖麻油酸羊毛脂醇酯、以及它们的组合。
适用作本文疏水性有益剂的硅油的非限制性示例可包括二甲基硅氧烷共聚多元醇、二甲基聚硅氧烷、二乙基聚硅氧烷、混合的C1-C30烷基聚硅氧烷、苯基二甲基硅氧烷、聚二甲基硅氧烷醇、以及它们的组合。其他合适的疏水性皮肤有益剂还可包括乳甘油三酯(如羟基化乳甘油酯)和多元醇脂肪酸聚酯。
iii)其他皮肤清洁组合物材料
除了上文所述之外,皮肤清洁还可包含任何相的附加材料。这些材料可包括例如香料、着色剂、抗微生物剂、pH调节剂等。可通常配制按个人护理组合物的重量计约6%或更少、约5%或更少、约4%或更少、约3%或更少、约2%或更少、约1%或更少、约0.5%或更少、约0.25%或更少、约0.1%或更少、约0.01%或更少、或约0.005%或更少的此类材料。
b)非烃类发泡剂
气溶胶泡沫洁肤剂可包括非烃类发泡剂。非烃类发泡剂可包括例如氢氟烯烃、氢氯氟烯烃或它们的组合。例如,发泡剂可包括顺式-和/或反式-1,3,3,3-四氟丙烯(HFO-1234ze),特别是反式异构体3,3,3-三氟丙烯(HFO-1243zf)、2,3,3,3-四氟丙烯(HFO1234yf)、1,2,3,3,3-五氟丙烯(HFO-1225ye)或它们的混合物。作为气溶胶泡沫洁肤剂的一部分的发泡剂的总量按气溶胶泡沫洁肤剂重量计可在约1%至约20%、约2%至约15%、或约3%至约10%的范围内。
c)推进剂
根据气溶胶泡沫洁肤剂的包装类型,气溶胶泡沫洁肤剂可包含推进剂。例如,在阀上袋构型中,发泡剂与袋的内部的皮肤清洁组合物混合,但推进剂可被添加到袋与气溶胶包装件的外部之间以进一步帮助将皮肤清洁组合物从气溶胶包装件中排出。推进剂和发泡剂可以相同或不同。气溶胶泡沫洁肤剂可包含按气溶胶泡沫洁肤剂的重量计约1%至约20%、约2%至约15%、或约3%至约10%的推进剂。
在一些方法(比如阀上袋方法)中,将推进剂在压接过程期间作为驱动力注入到筒包装件中,以压缩附接到阀的袋。该方法被称为“压力压接”。压力压接可使用杯底放气的技术来实现。因此,在一些情况下,目标是压力,而不是在包装件中输入特定量的推进剂。对于低压应用,在21℃的温度下,目标压力将为20psi或更小。包装件可用推进剂填充到约11至约15psi的压力。对于高压应用,可在包装件和应用允许的情况下将包装件填充到25psi或更大的目标压力。
非烃类推进剂可包括例如氢氟烯烃、氢氯氟烯烃或它们的组合。例如,推进剂可包括顺式-和/或反式-1,3,3,3-四氟丙烯(HFO-1234ze),特别是反式异构体3,3,3-三氟丙烯(HFO-1243zf)、2,3,3,3-四氟丙烯(HFO1234yf)、1,2,3,3,3-五氟丙烯(HFO-1225ye)或它们的混合物。
合适的烃类推进剂可包括在21℃下蒸气压为约20psi或更小的那些推进剂和推进剂的组合。例如,这可包括正丁烷、异丁烷共混物、异戊烷或它们的组合。当在21℃下测量时,正丁烷的蒸气压为约17psi。异丁烯共混物可包括例如异丁烷和异戊烷的组合,该组合按共混物的重量计为约25重量%的异丁烷和约75重量%的异戊烷。该共混物在21℃温度下的蒸气压为约7psi。
压缩气体也可用作推进剂。这些气体可包括例如二氧化碳、氮气、压缩空气或它们的组合。
d)气溶胶包装件
气溶胶泡沫洁肤剂可包括在任何合适类型的气溶胶包装件20中,参见图1。气溶胶包装件可包括容器主体22和盖30。气溶胶包装件可处于浸料管构型(参见图2B)或瓶中袋构型,比如阀上袋构型(参见图2A)。
在浸料管或阀上袋构型中,气溶胶包装件20可具有盖30、附接到盖30的至少一部分的阀组件28、可附接到容器主体22的颈部24并且附接到阀组件28的阀座26。
在图2A的阀上袋构型中,可塌缩袋32可附接到阀座26并且包含气溶胶泡沫洁肤剂42。推进剂40可被包含在可塌缩袋32与容器主体22的外壁25之间。
在图2B的浸料管构型中,浸料管34可附接到阀座26并且驻留在与气溶胶泡沫洁肤剂42接触的容器主体22内。
e)测试方法
a.T-型条粘度方法
皮肤清洁组合物的粘度可由T-型条粘度方法评定。T-型条测量设备包括具有升降架附件的Brookfield DV-II+Pro粘度计;用于T-型条附接的吸盘、砝码和塞子组件;T-型条锭子D、具有得自Brookfield的Rheocalc软件的个人计算机、以及连接Brookfield粘度计与计算机的缆线。首先,在4-oz.玻璃广口瓶中称量80克皮肤清洁组合物。通过小心地将T-型条锭子降至玻璃广口瓶的内部底部并且将升降架台设为向上行进,来测量T-型条粘度。打开Rheocalc软件并设置以下数据采集参数:将速度设置为5rpm,将等待扭矩时间设置为00:01(1秒),并且将循环开始计数设置为100。开始数据采集,并且启动升降架台,以22mm/min的速度向上行进。T-型条粘度为介于第10次读数和第90次读数之间的平均T-型条粘度读数(前十个读数和后十个读数不用于平均T-型条粘度计算)。T-型条粘度读数以cP为单位提供。
b.屈服应力、杨氏模量和零剪切粘度方法
可在混合于皮肤清洁组合物之前,制备组合物之后,或首先通过合适的物理分离方法诸如离心、移液、机械切除、冲洗、过滤、或其他分离方法从个人护理组合物中分离相或组分,测量作为皮肤清洁组合物的相或组分的材料的零剪切粘度。测量的定时可取决于可用的内容。例如,如果最终产品是全部可用的,并且产品的相是测量的目标,则将在测量之前将该相分离。
使用可调节应力的流变仪如TA Instruments AR2000流变仪,来测定屈服应力和零剪切粘度。在25℃下,用4cm直径的平行板测量体系和1mm间距进行测定。所述几何体系具有79580m-3的剪切应力因子,以将所获得的扭矩转换成应力。锯齿形板可用于当发生滑动时得到一致的结果。
首先,将目标材料定位在流变仪基板上;将测量几何结构(上板)移动至基板上方1.1mm的位置。固定几何体后,通过刮削,除去几何体边缘处的多余材料。然后将几何体移至底板上方1mm目标位置处,并且允许约2分钟的停顿以使载荷应力松弛。该荷载过程确保在测量开始时没有荷载可影响所得结果的切向应力。如果材料包含数均直径大于约150微米的通过肉眼或感觉可辨别的颗粒(例如小珠),则将基板和上板之间的间隙设置增加到4mm或第95体积百分比的颗粒直径的8倍中较小的距离。如果相含有在任何尺寸上大于5mm的任何颗粒,则在测定组分之前去除颗粒。
通过在4分钟的时间间隔内施加0.1Pa至1,000Pa的连续剪切应力渐变,使用对数级数,即测量点以对数标度均匀间隔,来进行测定。每增加十倍应力获得三十个测量点。记录应力、应变和粘度。如果测量结果不完善,例如如果观察到材料从间隙中流出,则对所获得的结果进行评价,排除不完善的数据点。如果没有足够的点获得准确的测量,则增加取样点数重复测量。
如下测定屈服应力。通过对它们取对数(以10为底),变换应力(Pa)和应变(无量纲)数据。仅对于0.2Pa至2.0Pa应力之间约30个点的所得数据,以Log(应力)对log(应变)作图。如果1Pa应力处的粘度小于500Pa-秒,但大于75Pa-秒,则仅对于0.2Pa至1.0Pa应力之间的数据,以Log(应力)对log(应变)作图,然后进行以下数学处理。如果1Pa应力处的粘度小于75Pa-s,则零剪切粘度是测试中所得4个最大粘度值(即单独点)的平均,屈服应力为零,并且不使用以下数学处理。进行如下数学处理。使用指定应力区域内对数变换的数据,对结果进行线性最小二乘回归,获得具有以下形式的公式:
Log(应变)=m*Log(应力)+b (1)。
对0.1至1,000Pa间测定的每个应力值(即单独点)利用所获得的回归,使用所获得的系数m和b,以及实际应力,利用公式(1),可获得log(应变)的预计值。由所预测的log(应变),通过取逆对数(即,对每个x取10.sup.x),可获得每个应力处的预测的应变。使用公式(2),将每个测量点处的预测应变与实际应变进行比较,获得每个测量点处的变型%。
变型%=100*(测得的应变-预测的应变)/测得的应变(2)。
屈服应力是变型%超过10%处的第一应力(Pa),并且由于流动开始或结构变形开始,后续(更高)应力导致甚至比10%更大的变型。
通过将应力(Pa)对应变(无量纲)绘图,并且获得通常出现在低于约4%应变区域中的应力对应变之间最初线性区域的回归线斜率,来获得杨氏模量(Pa)。如果关系非线性,则使用无量纲应变,取低于2%应变的线性回归线斜率作为杨氏模量(Pa)。
通过对所获得的介于0.1Pa和粘度开始陡降的点之间且包括该范围在内的粘度数据,以帕斯卡-秒(Pa-s)为单位取第一中值粘度,来获得零剪切粘度。在获得第一中值粘度后,排除大于第一中值的5倍且小于第一中值的0.2倍的所有粘度值,并且对排除指定数据点的相同粘度数据,获得第二中值粘度值。如此获得的第二中值粘度是零剪切粘度。
如上所述,如果相或组合物的零剪切粘度为约500帕斯卡-秒(Pa-s)至约10,000Pa-s,屈服应力大于约0.1帕斯卡(Pa)至约300Pa,和/或杨氏模量大于约1帕斯卡(Pa)至约300Pa,则可认为该相或组合物是结构化的。
c.有益剂沉积方法
有益剂的沉积量可在体外测量。体外沉积方法测定有益剂在具有机械应力的皮肤模拟物上的沉积。该方法比较皮肤模拟物表面物质在自动清洁单元中清洁之前和之后的光谱数据。
体外沉积方法使用两个96孔微板(下文称为“微板”)。适宜的96孔微板可从PerkinElmer和VWR.com商购获得。例如,得自PerkinElmer的SpectraPlate 96-MG具有8行和12列,孔体积为400μl。SpectraPlate 96-MG大约具有14.6mm高、127.8mm长和85.5mm宽的尺寸。SpectraPlate 96-MG具有7.15mm的孔直径、10.8mm的孔深度和9.0mm的孔到孔间距。提供96孔微板以用于容纳待测量的样品。
体外沉积方法使用大约1536个物体。每个主体是周长为约2mm的球形不锈钢轴承,其包含铁金属材料,诸如可得自WLB Antriebeselemente Gmbh,Scarrastrasse 12,D-68307Mannheim,Germany的那些。将八个主体小心地装载到微板的96个孔中的每一个中,以确保相同的数量装载到每个孔中。
在制备样品前,根据下文实施例部分中的描述,制备皮肤清洁组合物。在制备个人护理组合物的示例之后,通过混合个人护理组合物和蒸馏水来制备样品。对于每个样品,将90+\-0.02克蒸馏水分配到混合容器中。将混合容器固定到搅拌器(如得自IKA的台式敞顶搅拌器)的底座上,调节搅拌器叶片,浸入到混合容器内的蒸馏水中。然后在天平上将注射器重量调零。将注射器填充指定的皮肤清洁组合物。对注射器进行称重,并且分配少量指定的皮肤清洁组合物,直至10克皮肤清洁组合物保留于注射器中。开启搅拌器至500rpm速率,并且将注射器内容物分配到混合容器内的蒸馏水中。将蒸馏水与指定的皮肤清洁组合物在500rpm下混合2分钟,从而形成样品。当搅拌器以300rpm的速度打开时,由注射器从混合容器抽取样品。遵循混合和分配程序以对对照样品和测试样品1-5进行混合和分配。在制备样品后,将对照样品和测试样品分配在微板的特定孔中。
用于体外沉积方法的皮肤模拟物由双组分聚乙烯模制基质构成。皮肤模拟物在一面上以图案纹理化,与人皮肤的纹理相似。使皮肤模拟物的纹理化面涂覆有等离子体沉积的1,1,1-三甲基-1-戊烯。皮肤模拟物具有32+/-1.0(mJ/m2)的总表面能、(-)27.4(mV)的电动电势、100℉+/-2.0的水中接触角。
皮肤模拟物的制备包括下列步骤:制备金属模具(a),形成皮肤模拟物基质(b),和形成处理过的皮肤模拟物测试模拟物。
(a)金属模具制备:根据人前臂皮肤的摄影图像,形成与人前臂皮肤纹理相似的图案。将图案转移到净片玻璃上,形成遮光片。将MX系列干膜光致抗蚀剂粘附到金属薄片上。将遮光片放置在金属薄片顶部上,以形成金属/光致抗蚀剂/遮光片。使用工业标准曝光工具,使金属/光致抗蚀剂/遮光片复合材料暴露在适当剂量的紫外光下。移除遮光片,使光致抗蚀剂显影,并且使用适当的蚀刻溶液来蚀刻金属薄片,如有关二级微电子封装的标准教科书中所述,例如Donald Seraphim,Ronald Lasky and Che-Yu Li,Principlesof Electronic Packaging,Mc-Graw Hill Inc.(1989)。
(b)皮肤模拟物基质的形成:将均得自Burman Industries(Van Nuys,Calif.)的1:1的Skin-Flex SC-89拉伸涂料和Skin-Flex SC-89Thinner S4 SC-89稀释剂的混合物倒入到制得的金属模具中,并且使其干燥过夜。依照模具的尺寸调节倾入的混合物的量,以获得厚度通常介于600至800微米之间的最终基质。干燥过夜后,小心地将基质材料从金属模具中剥离。
(c)形成处理过的皮肤模拟物测试区域。通过施加连续波射频(下文称为“RF”)功率,在等离子单元中,在两个电极之间进行等离子沉积。有效等离子处理区域为约40cm乘20cm。等离子单元包括直径为约30.5cm并且长度为61.0cm的圆柱形真空室。经由PCS 25真空泵产生真空。RF能由PE 1000ADVANCED/>40KHz电源提供,施加在真空室中一组平行铝电极两端。
将基质放置在介于真空室内平行板铝电极之间的多孔铝样品托盘上,并且将真空室压力降至约100毫托(mTorr)。通过以20sccm氩气和10sccm氮气的流量(其中“sccm”是指标准立方厘米每分钟)使氩气和氮气的混合物向真空室中流通约一小时,使待等离子涂覆的基质基本上脱气。在将基质脱气一小时后,将真空室压力降至10mTorr,并且将25W连续波RF功率施加约5分钟,同时使氩气/氮气混合物以20sccm氩气和10sccm氮气的流量流入到真空室中。5分钟后,停止释放气体,并且将真空室压力抽至10mTorr。将得自Aldrich的1,1,1-三甲基-1-戊烯涂覆材料以选定的流量引入到真空室中,达到100mTorr的压力,所述流量为约10sccm至200sccm,取决于本领域普通技术人员的认知或可由本领域普通技术人员通过有限的实验确定。在将涂覆材料引入到真空室的同时,将25W连续波RF功率施加约25分钟,同时保持约100-120mTorr的蒸气压。等离子沉积获得1,1,1-三甲基-1-戊烯聚合物涂层,所述涂层与基质共价键合。等离子沉积的确切时间将在本领域技术人员的知识范围内,或者可以由本领域技术人员通过有限的实验确定。25分钟后,切断供向等离子单元的电源,并且终止涂覆材料物流。用约20sccm氩气将真空室吹扫约30分钟,然后取出涂层基质。将等离子涂层的基质从室中取出,通过视频接触角测量体系(得自ASM的VCA-2500)、ζ-电位测量仪(Anton Parr Electrokinetic Analyzer,型号BI-EKA)和原子力显微镜(得自QuesantCorporation的Q-Scope 250)方法测定接触角、表面电荷和涂层厚度。然而,本领域的技术人员将懂得可使用本文所述的多种涂层材料,其选择将由期望复制的角质组织的表面特性决定。
在微板的所有孔均填充了样品并且制得和涂覆了部分皮肤后,制备用于体外沉积方法的皮肤模拟物。通过戴着手套,切下贴合微板孔开口顶端的皮肤模拟物,来制备两片皮肤模拟物。将两片皮肤模拟物片编号为“1”和“2”。
由分光光度计获得两片皮肤模拟物的基线光谱数据。使用得自GretagMacbeth的具有测量工具软件的IO分光光度计(本文统称为“分光光度计”)和与分光光度计相连的计算机(下文称为“计算机”)。在每次读数前,清洁分光光度计的读数表面。为提供足够的反射,分光光度计的读数表面是黑色的。将第一片皮肤模拟物放置在读数表面上,有纹理并且处理过的皮肤模拟物区域面向分光光度计。接着,将具有多个孔的孔尺寸与微板开口相符的一片塑料片放置在有纹理并且处理过的皮肤模拟物区域上。然后使用分光光度计机械臂实施扫描。将第一片皮肤模拟物的基线光谱数据保存在计算机中,作为第一基线。清洁分光光度计读数表面,并且与第一片皮肤模拟物的描述一样,获得第二片皮肤模拟物表面的光谱数据。将第二片皮肤模拟物的基线光谱数据保存在计算机中,作为第二基线。
接着,将皮肤模拟物片布置在微板孔的开口上。转移皮肤模拟物表面物质片以遮盖每个微板的孔开口,确保有纹理并且处理过的皮肤模拟物区域面向微板孔开口。将封盖放置在每片皮肤模拟物和相连的微板上,以形成具有封盖的微板。
下一个步骤是将具有封盖的微板置于自动清洁单元的微板夹持器20中。自动化清洁单元包括水平基座,该水平基座包括四个微板夹持器。水平基座由矩形铝构成,具有下列大致尺寸:高3/8英寸,宽十四英寸,以及长二十七英寸。自动清洁单元包括两个由铝构成的垂直支撑件,垂直支撑件具有以下大致尺寸:一英寸乘二英寸乘十又3/4英寸高。垂直支撑件附接到包括无杆式气动滑块的水平支撑件。水平支撑件包括无杆式气动滑块,该无杆式气动滑块具有1/2英寸乘二英寸乘二十六又1/2英寸高的大致尺寸。合适的无杆式气动滑块具有一英寸孔和十一英寸冲程,并且具有相连的末端吊耳和安装架,它们可从McMaster-Carr商购获得。无杆式气动滑块是双动式的,并且包括连接内部活塞与两个压缩空气端口的滑架。
自动清洁单元包括两个磁臂。包括无杆式气动滑块的水平支撑件是两个磁臂安装在其上的结构。磁臂安装在无杆式气动活塞上,使得磁臂在压缩空气作用力下沿着双动无杆式气动活塞的长度方向来回移动。磁臂中的每个由铝构成,并且具有一英寸乘二英寸乘十四英寸长的大致尺寸,并且具有容纳七个钕铁硼磁铁(未示出)的“T”形槽。每个钕铁硼磁铁具有两英寸长、一英寸宽和半英寸或一英寸高的大致尺寸。每个钕铁硼磁铁具有12200高斯的磁强度,可得自Edmund Scientifics。磁臂配置为高于微板夹持器约2.75cm的高度,其前提是磁铁维持其吸引和移动包含在微板的孔内的实体的功能。磁臂在压缩空气作用力下沿着无杆式气动活塞的长度方向,以10秒时间段内在无杆式气动活塞长度方面上移扫约6个来回的速率来回移动。
在磁臂下方构造有四个微板夹持器。每一微板夹持器包括一个夹板和四个与气动式控制单元附接的活塞。当致动时,用于气动式控制单元的活塞以约90psi的压力将微板保持在四个微板夹持器中。在将具有封盖的微板放入到自动化清洗单元的微板夹持具中之前,开启气动式控制单元。
气动式控制单元的部件连接到无杆式气动滑块、活塞和夹板。气动式控制单元用于将压缩空气施加到自动清洁单元,这通过将压缩空气的势能转化成动能来赋予力。气动式控制单元包括外部空气源向自动清洁单元提供增压空气的螺线管空气控制阀、分配歧管出口、压缩空气控制阀、压缩空气流量调节器、交替式输出二元阀、双手安全气动控制阀、压缩空气控制阀以及多个连接器。空气控制阀、空气流量调节器、交替式二元阀、双手安全气动控制阀定位于螺线管空气控制阀的上游。在一个实施方案中,适合的螺线管空气控制阀被描述为具有10psi至120的工作压力的双口型空气阀。合适的压缩空气流量调节器可在14psi至116psi的压力范围内操作。合适的空气控制阀交替式输出二元阀在35psi至100psi的范围内操作。气动式控制单元的所有组件购自
微板夹持器被设计成保持四个可商购获得的96孔微板。微板夹持器包括升降器、铝基板、夹板和活塞。升降器具有比可商购获得的微板的大致尺寸更大的尺寸。在一些实施方案中,升降器具有五英寸乘五又3/4英寸的尺寸。升降器由聚甲醛制得,该聚甲醛通常以杜邦(DuPont)的品牌名知晓。/>因为它的轻质、低摩擦和抗磨损热塑性而用作金属替代物,它具有良好的物理特性和加工特性,并且能够在超过90℃的温度下工作。除了升降器之外,在一些实施方案中,微板夹持器包括铝基板。铝基板具有凸起部分和沟槽,其尺寸与可商购获得的微板的尺寸大致相同,使得孔的底部位于凸起部分上,并且微板的周边适配在沟槽中。铝基板被设计成使得当致动气动式压力单元时,微板不会受到活塞对夹板的压缩的不利影响。
铝基板包括第一加热器,并且夹板包括第二加热器。第一加热器和第二加热器包括可得自Omega.com的柔性硅橡胶加热器。第一加热器和第二加热器可由1/4DIN六区温度控制器来控制,该温度控制器具有由Omega.com提供的RS-232通信和免费配置软件。第一加热器和第二加热器用于将样品和皮肤模拟物的温度稳定在约20℃至约25℃的室温范围内。在将具有封盖的微板置于自动清洁单元的微板夹持器中之前,开启第一加热器和第二加热器以将样品和皮肤模拟物的温度稳定在约20℃至约25℃的室温范围内。
将具有封盖的微板放入到微板夹持具中,并且启动气动式控制单元,使得在90psi压力下夹持具有封盖的微板。致动磁臂,并以在微板夹持器上方2.65cm的高度将臂移动至具有封盖的微板上方。自动化清洗单元的磁臂以每10秒移扫6次的速率在微板夹持具上方来回移扫5分钟。自动清洁处理5分钟后,将具有封盖的微板从微板夹持具上取下,并且拆卸,以由分光光度计收集两片皮肤模拟物表面物质的光谱数据。
在光谱读数之前,向两个4000ml大烧杯中填充20℃至25℃的水。将第一片皮肤模拟物从第一微板上取下,并且在第一烧杯内的自来水中浸没五次。将第二片皮肤模拟物从第二微板上取下,并且在第二烧杯内浸没五次。由皮肤模拟物上没有泡沫和皮肤模拟物上存在明确的沉积物质圈,目视判断冲洗步骤完成。用纸巾将两片皮肤模拟物擦干,并且在干燥罩中各烘制五分钟。清洁分光光度计的读数表面。将第一片皮肤模拟物放置在读数表面上,有纹理并且处理过的第一皮肤模拟物区域面向分光光度计。接着,将具有多个孔的孔尺寸与微板开口相符的一片塑料片放置在有纹理并且处理过的第一皮肤模拟物区域上。然后使用分光光度计机械臂实施扫描。储存第一片皮肤模拟物材料的基线光谱数据,以与第一基线比较。清洁分光光度计的读数表面,并且由上述方法获得第二片皮肤模拟物表面物质的光谱数据。将第二皮肤模拟物表面物质的基线光谱数据储存在计算机中,以与第二基线比较。
分光光度计测定皮肤模拟物表面物质在清洁前和洗涤后的L-a-b值。将体外方法的沉积值报导为ΔL值,并且指示每种样品的沉积特征。光强度L的差异或“Δ-L”为清洁后的L值-清洁前的L值(基线光谱数据)。
沉积方法也可见于美国专利申请公布号20100158830。
实施例
本发明实施例1是可作为气溶胶泡沫洁肤剂的一部分包括在内的皮肤清洁组合物。
本发明实施例1为共混多相组合物,其中有益相(包括凡士林、大豆油、丁基化羟基甲苯和单油酸单甘油酯)分散在清洁相中。通过向主混合容器中添加水来制备该组合物。将氯化钠、黄原胶、瓜尔羟丙基三甲基氯化铵和十三烷基聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠添加到水中,并持续混合。在混合的同时,将丙烯酸酯/C10-30丙烯酸烷基酯和PEG-90M混合到十三烷基聚氧乙烯醚-3中并混合来制备聚合物预混物。一旦聚合物预混物分散,便将预混物添加到主混合容器中。然后将椰油酰胺基丙基甜菜碱、EDTA和苯甲酸钠依次添加到主混合容器中并混合。然后通过添加pH调节剂(比如柠檬酸)来将pH调节至约5.7。然后添加防腐剂和香料并混合。
通过在单独容器中将大豆油加热至约50℃,首先产生脂质预混合物来制备有益相。将单油酸单甘油酯和BHT添加到大豆油中并混合。然后将脂质预混物添加到主容器中并搅拌。在单独容器中,将凡士林加热到约88℃并搅拌。然后将凡士林冷却到约60℃,并且添加到主混合容器中并混合。混合组合物直至均匀。
发明实施例2-6和比较例A和B为包括皮肤清洁组合物(本发明实施例1)、所述发泡剂和所述气溶胶包装件的气溶胶泡沫洁肤剂。
本发明实施例2-6和比较例A和B通过以下方式来制备:首先将皮肤清洁组合物与发泡剂在封闭体系中预混,然后将混合物注入到通过标准压接方法紧固到阀的袋中。然后,将带有袋和混合物的阀压接到罐(金属、塑料或玻璃)上。然后,将推进剂添加到罐中,但在袋外,以在袋外提供正压差。
组合
A.一种封装的气溶胶发泡洁肤剂,包括:a)多相皮肤清洁组合物,该多相皮肤清洁组合物包含结构化清洁相和有益相,其中结构化清洁相包含支链阴离子表面活性剂,并且有益相包含疏水性有益剂;其中多相清洁组合物为剪切致稀的;b)包括氢氟烯烃、氢氯氟烯烃或它们的组合的发泡剂;以及c)用于分配气溶胶发泡洁肤剂的包装件。
B.段落A的封装的气溶胶发泡洁肤剂,其中包装件包括瓶中袋包装件,该瓶中袋包装件包括具有外壁的容器主体,其中在该容器主体内是可塌缩袋。
C.段落B的封装的气溶胶发泡洁肤剂,其中瓶中袋包装件是阀上袋包装件。
D.段落C的封装的气溶胶发泡洁肤剂,其中包装件还包括阀,其中可塌缩袋附接到阀并驻留在容器主体内。
E.段落D的封装的气溶胶发泡洁肤剂,其中气溶胶发泡洁肤剂还包括在外壁与可塌缩袋之间的推进剂,该推进剂包括正丁烷、异丁烷共混物、异戊烷、压缩空气或它们的组合。
F.段落D的封装的气溶胶发泡洁肤剂,其中推进剂为异丁烷和异戊烷的组合,该组合具有约25重量%的异丁烷和约75重量%的异戊烷。
G.段落E-F中任一项的封装的气溶胶发泡洁肤剂,其中推进剂被填充到约12-15psi的压力。
H.段落A的封装的气溶胶发泡洁肤剂,其中包装件是浸料管包装件。
I.段落A-H中任一项的封装的气溶胶发泡洁肤剂,其中多相皮肤清洁组合物不含非表面活性剂结构剂。
J.段落A-I中任一项的封装的气溶胶发泡洁肤剂,其中皮肤清洁组合物包含按皮肤清洁组合物的重量计约5%至约30%、约7%至约25%、或约8%至约20%的支链阴离子表面活性剂。
K.段落A-J中任一项的封装的气溶胶发泡洁肤剂,其中支链阴离子表面活性剂包括十三烷基聚氧乙烯醚-2硫酸钠。
L.段落A-K中任一项的封装的气溶胶发泡洁肤剂,其中皮肤清洁组合物包含按皮肤清洁组合物的重量计约3%至约20%、或约5%至约15%的疏水性有益剂。
M.段落A-L中任一项的封装的气溶胶发泡洁肤剂,其中疏水性有益剂包括凡士林、大豆油、蔗糖聚酯、单油酸单甘油酯、或它们的组合。
N.段落A-M中任一项的封装的气溶胶发泡洁肤剂,其中封装的气溶胶发泡洁肤剂包括按气溶胶发泡洁肤剂的重量计约3%至约15%、约4%至约12%、或约4%至约10%的发泡剂。
O.段落A-N中任一项的封装的气溶胶发泡洁肤剂,其中皮肤清洁组合物还包含HLB为约1.5至约13的非离子低HLB乳化剂。
P.段落O的封装的气溶胶发泡洁肤剂,其中非离子低HLB乳化剂包括单羟基硬脂酸甘油酯、异硬脂基聚氧乙烯醚-2、十三烷基聚氧乙烯醚-3、羟基硬脂酸、硬脂酸丙二醇酯、PEG-2硬脂酸酯、单硬脂酸脱水山梨醇酯、月桂酸甘油酯、月桂基聚氧乙烯醚-2、椰油酰胺单乙醇胺、月桂酰胺单乙醇胺、或它们的混合物。
Q.段落O-P中任一项的封装的气溶胶发泡洁肤剂,其中非离子低HLB乳化剂包括十三烷基聚氧乙烯醚-3。
R.段落A-Q中任一项的封装的气溶胶发泡洁肤剂,其中发泡剂包括反式-1,3,3,3-四氟丙烯。
S.反式-1,3,3,3-四氟丙烯在包括疏水性有益剂的封装的气溶胶洁肤剂中以在皮肤上沉积至少一部分疏水性有益剂的用途。
T.段落S的用途,其中疏水性有益剂包括凡士林。
U.段落S-T中任一项的用途,其中与相同量的正丁烷相比,反式-1,3,3,3-四氟丙烯改善了疏水性有益剂的沉积。
本文所公开的量纲和值不应理解为严格限于所引用的精确数值。相反,除非另外指明,否则每个此类量纲旨在表示所述值以及围绕该值功能上等同的范围。例如,公开为“40mm”的量纲旨在表示“约40mm”。
除非明确排除或以其它方式限制,本文中引用的每一篇文献,包括任何交叉引用或相关专利或专利申请以及本申请对其要求优先权或其有益效果的任何专利申请或专利,均据此全文以引用方式并入本文。对任何文献的引用不是对其作为与本发明的任何所公开或本文受权利要求书保护的现有技术的认可,或不是对其自身或与任何一个或多个参考文献的组合提出、建议或公开任何此类发明的认可。此外,当本发明中术语的任何含义或定义与以引用方式并入的文献中相同术语的任何含义或定义矛盾时,应当服从在本发明中赋予该术语的含义或定义。
虽然已举例说明和描述了本发明的具体实施方案,但是对于本领域技术人员来说显而易见的是,在不脱离本发明的实质和范围的情况下可作出多个其它变化和修改。因此,本文旨在于所附权利要求中涵盖属于本发明范围内的所有此类变化和修改。
Claims (26)
1.一种封装的气溶胶发泡洁肤剂,包括:
a)多相皮肤清洁组合物,所述多相皮肤清洁组合物包含结构化清洁相和有益相,其中所述结构化清洁相包含支链阴离子表面活性剂,并且所述有益相包含疏水性有益剂,其中所述疏水性有益剂是凡士林;其中所述多相清洁组合物为剪切致稀的;
b)包括氢氟烯烃、氢氯氟烯烃或它们的组合的发泡剂;和
c)用于分配所述气溶胶发泡洁肤剂的包装件。
2.根据权利要求1所述的封装的气溶胶发泡洁肤剂,其中所述包装件包括瓶中袋包装件,所述瓶中袋包装件包括具有外壁的容器主体,其中在所述容器主体内是可塌缩袋。
3.根据权利要求2所述的封装的气溶胶发泡洁肤剂,其中所述瓶中袋包装件是阀上袋包装件。
4.根据权利要求3所述的封装的气溶胶发泡洁肤剂,其中所述包装件还包括阀,其中所述可塌缩袋附接到所述阀并驻留在所述容器主体内。
5.根据权利要求4所述的封装的气溶胶发泡洁肤剂,其中所述气溶胶发泡洁肤剂还包括在所述外壁与所述可塌缩袋之间的推进剂,所述推进剂包括正丁烷、异丁烷共混物、异戊烷、压缩空气或它们的组合。
6.根据权利要求5所述的封装的气溶胶发泡洁肤剂,其中所述推进剂为异丁烷和异戊烷的组合,所述组合具有25重量%的所述异丁烷和75重量%的所述异戊烷。
7.根据权利要求5所述的封装的气溶胶发泡洁肤剂,其中所述推进剂被填充到12psi至15psi的压力。
8.根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的封装的气溶胶发泡洁肤剂,其中所述多相皮肤清洁组合物不含非表面活性剂结构剂。
9.根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的封装的气溶胶发泡洁肤剂,其中所述皮肤清洁组合物包含按所述皮肤清洁组合物的重量计5%至30%的所述支链阴离子表面活性剂。
10.根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的封装的气溶胶发泡洁肤剂,其中所述皮肤清洁组合物包含按所述皮肤清洁组合物的重量计7%至25%的所述支链阴离子表面活性剂。
11.根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的封装的气溶胶发泡洁肤剂,其中所述皮肤清洁组合物包含按所述皮肤清洁组合物的重量计8%至20%的所述支链阴离子表面活性剂。
12.根据权利要求9所述的封装的气溶胶发泡洁肤剂,所述支链阴离子表面活性剂为十三烷基聚氧乙烯醚-2硫酸钠。
13.根据权利要求10所述的封装的气溶胶发泡洁肤剂,所述支链阴离子表面活性剂为十三烷基聚氧乙烯醚-2硫酸钠。
14.根据权利要求11所述的封装的气溶胶发泡洁肤剂,所述支链阴离子表面活性剂为十三烷基聚氧乙烯醚-2硫酸钠。
15.根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的封装的气溶胶发泡洁肤剂,其中所述皮肤清洁组合物包含按所述皮肤清洁组合物的重量计3%至20%的所述疏水性有益剂,所述疏水性有益剂是凡士林。
16.根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的封装的气溶胶发泡洁肤剂,其中所述皮肤清洁组合物包含按所述皮肤清洁组合物的重量计5%至15%的所述疏水性有益剂,所述疏水性有益剂是凡士林。
17.根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的封装的气溶胶发泡洁肤剂,其中所述封装的气溶胶发泡洁肤剂包括按所述气溶胶发泡洁肤剂的重量计3%至15%的所述发泡剂。
18.根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的封装的气溶胶发泡洁肤剂,其中所述封装的气溶胶发泡洁肤剂包括按所述气溶胶发泡洁肤剂的重量计4%至12%的所述发泡剂。
19.根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的封装的气溶胶发泡洁肤剂,其中所述封装的气溶胶发泡洁肤剂包括按所述气溶胶发泡洁肤剂的重量计4%至10%的所述发泡剂。
20.根据权利要求17所述的封装的气溶胶发泡洁肤剂,其中所述发泡剂为反式1,3,3,3-四氟丙烯。
21.根据权利要求18所述的封装的气溶胶发泡洁肤剂,其中所述发泡剂为反式1,3,3,3-四氟丙烯。
22.根据权利要求19所述的封装的气溶胶发泡洁肤剂,其中所述发泡剂为反式1,3,3,3-四氟丙烯。
23.根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的封装的气溶胶发泡洁肤剂,其中所述皮肤清洁组合物还包含非离子低HLB乳化剂,所述非离子低HLB乳化剂包括单羟基硬脂酸甘油酯、异硬脂基聚氧乙烯醚-2、十三烷基聚氧乙烯醚-3、羟基硬脂酸、硬脂酸丙二醇酯、PEG-2硬脂酸酯、单硬脂酸脱水山梨醇酯、月桂酸甘油酯、月桂基聚氧乙烯醚-2、椰油酰胺单乙醇胺、月桂酰胺单乙醇胺、或它们的混合物。
24.根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的封装的气溶胶发泡洁肤剂,其中所述皮肤清洁组合物还包含非离子低HLB乳化剂,所述非离子低HLB乳化剂包括十三烷基聚氧乙烯醚-3。
25.反式-1,3,3,3-四氟丙烯在包括疏水性有益剂的封装的气溶胶洁肤剂中在皮肤上沉积至少一部分所述疏水性有益剂的用途,其中所述疏水性有益剂是凡士林。
26.根据权利要求25所述的用途,其中与相同量的正丁烷相比,所述反式-1,3,3,3-四氟丙烯改善所述疏水性有益剂的沉积。
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US10987290B2 (en) | 2021-04-27 |
EP3697375B1 (en) | 2021-12-01 |
CN111212625A (zh) | 2020-05-29 |
EP3697375A1 (en) | 2020-08-26 |
WO2019079409A1 (en) | 2019-04-25 |
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