CN110382227A - 摄像头的视野区域具有减少的光学畸变的机动车辆挡风玻璃 - Google Patents
摄像头的视野区域具有减少的光学畸变的机动车辆挡风玻璃 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及:层压玻璃板,其包括两个通过中间粘合剂层借由粘合剂粘接的玻璃片,该玻璃板与摄像头相关联,所述层压玻璃板包括由第一装饰物(1)和第二装饰物(2)叠覆产生的不透明装饰物:‑第一装饰物(1)在所述中间粘合剂层上,其包括放置在摄像头的视野中的无装饰物的第一区域(11),‑第二装饰物(2)由形成色彩渐变的边缘区域(21)的釉料和无孔条带(22)组成,界定出尺寸小于第一装饰物(1)的尺寸的自由区域(23),在层压玻璃板的组装过程中将第一装饰物(1)叠覆在第二装饰物(2)上,无孔条带(22)具有1‑30mm的宽度,并且所述自由区域(23)的最小尺寸不小于50mm;三种制造所述层压玻璃板的方法和所述层压玻璃板作为机动车辆挡风玻璃的用途。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及层压玻璃板,并且尤其涉及机动车辆挡风玻璃。
背景技术
目前,周边上釉区域存在于挡风玻璃的周界上。这种具有20-40mm宽度的上釉区域的功能是隐藏其中挡风玻璃通过粘合剂粘接至车身的区域。无论该釉料是位于层压玻璃板的面2、面3还是面4上,都可以执行此功能(按照惯例,将挡风玻璃的玻璃片的面或更通常而言将层压玻璃板的玻璃片的面从1开始编号,编号为1的面是直接接触外部环境的面)。最常见的是,将该釉料设置在面2上,以便掩盖在粘接性PVB(聚乙烯醇缩丁醛:中间粘合剂层)的边缘上可能随时间出现的任何小缺陷。
出于相同的从汽车外部观察该粘接时的美观原因,还将一小圈釉料设置在其中粘接有内部后视镜底部的位置中。
自本世纪初以来,诸如连接至挡风玻璃的光线或雨量传感器的其他附件已经变得越来越普遍;众所周知,所述传感器的功能分别是探测雨量以致动挡风玻璃雨刮器,并评估光线水平以致动车灯(前灯)。将这些传感器自然地靠近后视镜底部放置且放置在挡风玻璃雨刮器的区域中,以便一方面确保光线水平测量的可重复性,另一方面确保挡风玻璃雨刮器的擦拭是智能控制的。
自近十年开始以来,有时也增加了摄像头。当采用驾驶员辅助系统和自动驾驶车辆时,后一选择将变得越来越普遍。为了确保从外部看到的汽车的美观,隐藏后视镜底部的几厘米直径的一小圈釉料已成为环绕后视镜底部的上釉区域,其可能在尺寸上大至几百cm2,包括所有这些传感器及它们相互之间的连接件并且目前与周边釉料区域相关联,这通常形成宽的釉料舌状区,该釉料舌状区从位于挡风玻璃和车顶的连接处的周边釉料条带向通过粘合剂粘接至挡风玻璃的后视镜底部的下方逐渐变小。
与这样的挡风玻璃相关联的这样的摄像头是将变得越来越普遍的附件。它的功能是通过探测危险并最终防止事故发生来协助驾驶员驾驶。关于摄像头性能的规格将变得越来越苛刻,因为这种协助在驾驶汽车中所起的作用变得越来越重要,特别是因为必须确定的探测到的物体位置的精度在增加。这种位置精度一方面要求在将摄像头安装在挡风玻璃上的过程中对摄像头进行校准,另一方面要求位于摄像头的视野中的那部分挡风玻璃具有足够的光学品质。直到最近,规格已经达到了400毫屈光度(mdpt)(最大容许光学畸变)。对于新的汽车型号而言,该规格约为100mdpt。当该区域是上釉区域中的被包围物(enclave)时,在摄像头区域中很难实现这种水平的畸变。特别地,在上釉区域的附近、特别是在小于30-40mm的距离处,观察到可能多达400mdpt的光学畸变,这种畸变随着离釉料部分越来越近而增加。这些光学畸变的原因在于这一事实,即在烘烤釉料的过程中不可避免地使位于与釉料相对小的距离处的这样的玻璃区域经受高温。特别地,当位于摄像头视野中的挡风玻璃区域是上釉区域中的透明被包围物时,该透明被包围物的最大尺寸小于60-80mm,整个透明区域具有可能多达400mdpt的畸变。
Saint-Gobain Glass France公司在过去已经开发出描述在专利申请FR2928929、FR2969957、FR2974103和WO2014020261中的PVB印刷技术。该技术包括将相容墨水沉积在PVB上,该墨水可以是黑色的。由于PVB是一种柔软而粗糙的材料,因此不可能以与采用光滑且平坦的玻璃表面上的釉料获得的相同的分辨率来印刷该油墨。在釉料的情况下,分辨率限值主要与丝网印刷丝网的网眼数相关。该分辨率限值符合机动车辆制造商的美观要求。在印刷于PVB上的情况下,后者的粗糙度不能获得让每个机动车辆制造商满意、特别是让销售其中安装了最精密的摄像头的顶级车辆的机动车辆制造商满意的分辨率水平。这种不能令人满意的分辨率在釉料部分和玻璃部分之间的边界处是明显的,特别在该边界的位置处为令眼睛愉悦而设置色彩渐变(dégradé)的点阵时所见,这种点阵的轮廓在使用PVB印刷技术的情况下可能变得模糊不清。此外,再次为了满足机动车辆制造商的质量规格,如果使用两种不同的技术来产生挡风玻璃的黑色装饰物,则需要控制其中一种相对于另一种的相对位置,这很难做到。可以设置由PVB或其他材料制成的中间膜时所采用的精度具有一毫米的量级,而丝网印刷点阵的对齐需要十分之一毫米的位置精度。第二个问题不仅与PVB印刷技术的使用有关,还与使用任何其他其中采用与挡风玻璃的中间粘合剂层之一相关联的装饰物的技术有关。例如在插入具有全部或部分装饰物的PVB或PET(聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯)膜的过程中遇到过这种情况。
本发明提供了解决所述问题的手段,即产生黑色装饰物或其他不透明装饰物、同时保持足以满足摄像头精度要求的光学品质的手段。
发明内容
本发明:
•一方面包括通过丝网印刷仅印刷从位于挡风玻璃和车顶的连接处的周边釉料条带向通过粘合剂粘接至挡风玻璃的后视镜底部的下方逐渐变小的釉料舌状区的周界;该周界通过色彩渐变的点阵和在该点阵的内侧上的无孔(unapertured)条带来界定,无孔条带的宽度可以为1mm-40mm;
•另一方面包括使用位于中间粘合剂层上的装饰物在该区域内部产生装饰物,同时使该装饰物在摄像头、雨量传感器、光线传感器以及任选地在其他要求所面向的玻璃是透明的传感器的视野中包括无装饰物的区域。
因此,本发明的一个主题名称是层压玻璃板,其分别包括意欲在安装位置上分别朝车厢(enclosure)的外部、内部设置的第一玻璃片、第二玻璃片,所述玻璃片通过中间粘合剂层借由粘合剂彼此粘接,通常将所述玻璃片的主面在安装位置上从车厢的外部到内部编号为1至4,摄像头与车厢内侧上的层压玻璃板相关联,以便评估车厢的外部环境,其特征在于,所述层压玻璃板包括由将第一装饰物和第二装饰物叠覆产生的不透明装饰物:
-第一装饰物在中间粘合剂层上,其包括需要放置在摄像头的视野中的无装饰物的第一区域,
-第二装饰物在所述玻璃片的面2、面3或面4上,其由形成色彩渐变的边缘区域(如果所述色彩渐变的边缘区域存在的话)的釉料和无孔条带组成,界定出尺寸小于第一装饰物的尺寸的自由区域(无釉料),在所述层压玻璃板的组装过程中将第一装饰物叠覆在第二装饰物上,
其中无孔条带具有1-30mm的宽度,并且其中所述自由区域的最小尺寸不小于50mm。
众所周知,摄像头对外部环境的评估特别是包括探测任何障碍物、行人、两轮车辆或在其前面的任何其他类型的车辆,以及精确测量它们与带玻璃板的车厢、与机动车辆等的距离。
借助于本发明,降低了使中间粘合剂层上的装饰物在美学上可接受所需的位置精度;其足以将位于玻璃片上和位于中间粘合剂层上的装饰物叠覆。
另外,摄像头区域中的光学畸变与无釉料的区域中获得的光学畸变相同,因为摄像头视野中的上釉玻璃片区域在釉料烘烤过程中没有经受容易降低其光学品质的过高的温度。其原因是它与上釉区域的距离相对较大。
根据本发明的层压玻璃板的优选特征:
- 无孔条带具有至少等于2mm且至多等于10mm的宽度;就保证第一装饰物和第二装饰物的容易叠覆以及获得视觉上完美的组装件而言,该范围的值是优化的;
- 所述自由区域的最小尺寸不小于70mm;该值进一步保证了摄像头视野区域与釉料之间的距离较大,因此保证了上釉玻璃片和层压玻璃板的该区域的光学品质;
- 所述第一装饰物具有1-20mm、优选2-8mm的大于所述自由区域尺寸的尺寸;如上所述,该值与所述无孔条带的宽度值结合可以保证第一装饰物和第二装饰物易于叠覆并且获得视觉完美的组装件;
- 第二装饰物形成于层压玻璃板的周界上且包括釉料舌状区,所述釉料舌状区在安装位置上从所述层压玻璃板在安装位置上的上侧在其与车厢的顶板部分的连接处向通过粘合剂粘接至所述层压玻璃板的后视镜底部的下方逐渐变小,并且所述釉料舌状区由所述色彩渐变的边缘区域(如果所述色彩渐变的边缘区域存在的话)和所述无孔条带组成;
- 第一装饰物或第二装饰物包括无装饰物的第二区域,该第二区域旨在与雨量传感器(其可以自动控制挡风玻璃雨刮器的致动)相关联;
- 第一装饰物或第二装饰物包括无装饰物的第三区域,该第三区域旨在与光线传感器(其可以自动控制前灯的致动)相关联;
-将无装饰物的第一区域、无装饰物的第二区域和无装饰物的第三区域中的至少两个区域合并为一个区域;
-将无装饰物的第二区域和/或无装饰物的第三区域限定在所述釉料舌状区中,即在层压玻璃板的中上部区域(后视镜底部和摄像头的区域)中。
本发明的其他主题是:
-制造如上所述的层压玻璃板的方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括通过丝网印刷或等同物将第一装饰物印刷在中间粘合剂层上的操作;
-制造如上所述的层压玻璃板的方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括将聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)或等同物的印刷膜插入中间粘合剂层中、形成第一装饰物的操作。
-制造如上所述的层压玻璃板的方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括将诸如聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)的有色中间粘合剂薄膜插入中间粘合剂层中、形成第一装饰物的操作。
本发明的另一主题是如上所述的层压玻璃板作为机动车辆挡风玻璃的用途。
附图说明
根据以下对附图的描述,将更好地理解本发明,其中:
- 图1示出了聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)的中间粘合剂层上的第一装饰物;
- 图2示出了弯曲玻璃片上的第二装饰物;和
- 图3示出了机动车辆挡风玻璃,其中将图1的中间粘合剂层叠覆在图2的玻璃片上。
参照图1,已经以通过丝网印刷在PVB的中间粘合剂层上的黑色墨水产生第一装饰物1,该PVB的中间粘合剂层旨在通过粘合剂粘接机动车辆挡风玻璃的两个玻璃片。第一装饰物(1)包括无装饰物的梯形第一区域(11),其对应于与挡风玻璃相关联的摄像头的视野区域。
在图2中,旨在形成挡风玻璃的外部玻璃片的弯曲的钠钙浮法玻璃片包括在其凹面(挡风玻璃的面2)上的由黑色釉料制成的周边第二装饰物2。
在其中通过粘合剂粘接有内部后视镜底部的区域中,中上部釉料舌状区由通过色彩渐变的点阵21形成的轮廓和宽度为2-10mm的无孔条带22组成,界定出无釉料的自由区域23,具有与第一装饰物1相同的形状,但具有比所述装饰物1的尺寸小2-8mm的尺寸。
自由区域23的最小尺寸不小于70mm。
第二装饰物2包括合并的无装饰物的第二和第三区域24,25,第二和第三区域24,25面向连接至挡风玻璃雨刮器和机动车辆的前灯的光线和雨量传感器。
在第二装饰物2的下部周边条带上,无装饰物的第四区域26允许从机动车辆的外部看到车辆识别号(VIN)和/或挡风玻璃的技术特征。
参照图3,通过将第一装饰物1与无孔条带22完美对齐,可以容易地使第一装饰物1与第二装饰物2的无釉料的自由区域23对齐,第一装饰物1覆盖无孔条带22并与无孔条带22合并。
在无装饰物的梯形第一区域11中,通过测量透射光功率,确定水平光学畸变等于78mdpt。
Claims (14)
1.层压玻璃板,其分别包括意欲在安装位置上分别朝车厢的外部、内部设置的第一玻璃片、第二玻璃片,所述玻璃片通过中间粘合剂层借由粘合剂彼此粘接,通常将所述玻璃片的主面在安装位置上从车厢的外部到内部编号为1至4,摄像头与车厢内侧上的层压玻璃板相关联,以便评估车厢的外部环境,其特征在于,所述层压玻璃板包括由第一装饰物(1)和第二装饰物(2)叠覆产生的不透明装饰物:
-第一装饰物(1)在中间粘合剂层上,其包括需要放置在摄像头的视野中的无装饰物的第一区域(11),
-第二装饰物(2)在所述玻璃片的面2、面3或面4上,其由形成色彩渐变的边缘区域(21)的釉料,如果所述色彩渐变的边缘区域存在的话,和无孔条带(22)组成,界定出尺寸小于第一装饰物(1)的尺寸的自由区域(无釉料)(23),在所述层压玻璃板的组装过程中将第一装饰物(1)叠覆在第二装饰物(2)上,
其中无孔条带(22)具有1-30mm的宽度,并且其中所述自由区域(23)的最小尺寸不小于50mm。
2.如权利要求1所述的层压玻璃板,其特征在于,所述无孔条带(22)具有至少等于2mm的宽度。
3.如前述权利要求之一所述的层压玻璃板,其特征在于,所述无孔条带(22)具有至多等于10mm的宽度。
4.如前述权利要求之一所述的层压玻璃板,其特征在于,所述自由区域(23)的最小尺寸不小于70mm。
5.如前述权利要求之一所述的层压玻璃板,其特征在于,所述第一装饰物(1)具有比所述自由区域(23)的尺寸大1-20mm、优选大2-8mm的尺寸。
6.如前述权利要求之一所述的层压玻璃板,其特征在于,所述第二装饰物(2)形成于所述层压玻璃板的周界上,包括釉料舌状区,所述釉料舌状区在安装位置上从所述层压玻璃板在安装位置上的上侧在其与车厢的顶板部分的连接处向通过粘合剂粘接至所述层压玻璃板的后视镜底部的下方逐渐变小,并且其中所述釉料舌状区由所述色彩渐变的边缘区域(21),如果所述色彩的渐变边缘区域存在的话,和所述无孔条带(22)组成。
7.如前述权利要求之一所述的层压玻璃板,其特征在于,所述第一装饰物(1)或所述第二装饰物(2)包括旨在与雨量传感器相关联的无装饰物的第二区域(24)。
8.如前述权利要求之一所述的层压玻璃板,其特征在于,所述第一装饰物(1)或所述第二装饰物(2)包括旨在与光线传感器相关联的无装饰物的第三区域(25)。
9.如权利要求7和权利要求8之一或两者所述的层压玻璃板,其特征在于,将无装饰物的第一区域(11)、无装饰物的第二区域(24)和无装饰物的第三区域(25)中的至少两个区域合并为一个区域。
10.如权利要求6和权利要求7-9中至少一项所述的层压玻璃板,其特征在于,将无装饰物的第二区域(24)和/或无装饰物的第三区域(25)限定在所述釉料舌状区中。
11.制造如前述权利要求之一所述的层压玻璃板的方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括通过丝网印刷或等同物将所述第一装饰物(1)印刷在所述中间粘合剂层上的操作。
12.制造如权利要求1-10之一所述的层压玻璃板的方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括将聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)或等同物的印刷膜插入所述中间粘合剂层中、形成第一装饰物(1)的操作。
13.制造如权利要求1-10之一所述的层压玻璃板的方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括将诸如聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)的有色中间粘合剂薄膜插入所述中间粘合剂层中、形成第一装饰物(1)的操作。
14.如权利要求1-10之一所述的层压玻璃板作为机动车辆挡风玻璃的用途。
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US20160243796A1 (en) * | 2015-02-19 | 2016-08-25 | Agp America S.A. | Obscuration having superior strength and optical quality for a laminated automotive windshield |
WO2017207914A1 (fr) * | 2016-05-31 | 2017-12-07 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Vitrage feuillete a couche fonctionnelle demargee |
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CN115226396A (zh) * | 2021-02-19 | 2022-10-21 | 法国圣戈班玻璃厂 | 层压窗玻璃、具有近红外视觉系统的相关设备 |
Also Published As
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US20210031597A1 (en) | 2021-02-04 |
FR3077761B1 (fr) | 2020-02-21 |
BR112020014439A2 (pt) | 2020-12-01 |
US11420423B2 (en) | 2022-08-23 |
KR102724321B1 (ko) | 2024-10-30 |
MA51835A (fr) | 2021-05-19 |
KR20200120658A (ko) | 2020-10-21 |
PE20201306A1 (es) | 2020-11-24 |
MX2020008211A (es) | 2020-09-21 |
RU2020128836A (ru) | 2022-03-14 |
RU2020128836A3 (zh) | 2022-03-14 |
JP7339264B2 (ja) | 2023-09-05 |
WO2019158855A1 (fr) | 2019-08-22 |
CN110382227B (zh) | 2022-08-05 |
FR3077761A1 (fr) | 2019-08-16 |
JP2021513473A (ja) | 2021-05-27 |
EP3752361A1 (fr) | 2020-12-23 |
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