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CN112159082A - 一种汽车挡风玻璃及其制造方法 - Google Patents

一种汽车挡风玻璃及其制造方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112159082A
CN112159082A CN202010992758.3A CN202010992758A CN112159082A CN 112159082 A CN112159082 A CN 112159082A CN 202010992758 A CN202010992758 A CN 202010992758A CN 112159082 A CN112159082 A CN 112159082A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
ink layer
glass plate
boundary
ceramic ink
ultraviolet drying
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN202010992758.3A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
屠乐乐
王辉
刘贤平
关金亮
蔡峰
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fuyao Glass Industry Group Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Fuyao Glass Industry Group Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fuyao Glass Industry Group Co Ltd filed Critical Fuyao Glass Industry Group Co Ltd
Priority to CN202010992758.3A priority Critical patent/CN112159082A/zh
Publication of CN112159082A publication Critical patent/CN112159082A/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2021/127745 priority patent/WO2022057951A1/zh
Priority to US18/120,089 priority patent/US20230211587A1/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B23/00—Re-forming shaped glass
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    • C03B23/023—Re-forming glass sheets by bending
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  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及玻璃产品技术领域，特别是安装在汽车车身开口处的汽车玻璃，具体地提供一种汽车挡风玻璃及其制造方法。所述汽车挡风玻璃包括外玻璃板、内玻璃板和中间粘结层，所述汽车挡风玻璃的至少一个表面上设置有不透明遮蔽层，所述不透明遮蔽层包括深色陶瓷油墨层和紫外线干燥油墨层，所述深色陶瓷油墨层内设置有第一无油墨区域，所述紫外线干燥油墨层位于所述第一无油墨区域内，所述紫外线干燥油墨层内设置有光学透过区域。本发明能够保证光学透过区域的光学质量，满足光学透过区域的屈光度不大于200mdpt要求，使图像采集装置采集的图像更清晰且识别度更高，提升驾驶安全性。

Description

一种汽车挡风玻璃及其制造方法
技术领域：
本发明涉及玻璃产品技术领域，特别是安装在汽车车身开口处的汽车玻璃，具体地提供一种汽车挡风玻璃及其制造方法。
背景技术：
由于辅助驾驶、自动驾驶等汽车智能化技术的普及，对于摄像头的数量需求，也从仅安装一个摄像头发展到安装两个、三个甚至更多个，并且对于摄像头的图像质量的要求也大幅提高。对于汽车挡风玻璃上安装的前视摄像头总成(FCM)来说，摄像头需要透过汽车挡风玻璃上获取汽车在行驶方向上的实时视野，这就要求汽车挡风玻璃上用于摄像头观察汽车外部的光学透过区域在可见光透过率、屈光度和曲率半径等方面有了更高要求。
通常，大部分汽车挡风玻璃从外观上看都印刷有黑色的陶瓷油墨，以在四周边部形成黑边，其作用主要有两点：1、通过陶瓷油墨形成的黑边可以覆盖住汽车挡风玻璃边部的密封胶条，阻挡阳光对密封胶条直射，以防止密封胶条经常被太阳光的紫外线直射造成老化而损坏；2、保证外部观察的整体美观，可以遮挡密封胶条的痕迹以及汽车挡风玻璃的内表面上的各种附件。
根据现有的摄像头，汽车挡风玻璃上的光学透过区域关于屈光度(最大允许的光畸变值)的要求大多数是小于400mdpt，部分高端车型的要求是不大于200mdpt；但随着汽车的智能化、自动化、安全性等的不断升级，要求摄像头获取图像的质量、清晰度和精度也越来越高，甚至还集成有激光雷达等传感器，这就要求相机区域的屈光度不大于150mdpt，甚至有的要求不大于100mdpt。对于安装有摄像头的汽车挡风玻璃来说，陶瓷油墨会印刷延伸至摄像头的支架安装区域，并包围在光学透过区域的周边，光学透过区域内未被印刷有陶瓷油墨。而汽车挡风玻璃在生产过程中需要经过高温热处理并被弯曲成型，例如被加热至600℃以上，玻璃基板被加热的主要方式是在加热炉内通过加热元件对其热辐射，由于陶瓷油墨对热辐射的吸收能力与玻璃基板对热辐射的吸收能力存在明显差异，特别是玻璃基板上还经常设置有能够反射热辐射的透明纳米膜，例如透明导电膜、红外反射膜等，使得印刷有陶瓷油墨的区域比没有印刷陶瓷油墨的区域具有更高的温度，在玻璃基板的不同部位之间形成几十摄氏度的温度梯度，导致玻璃基板弯曲成型动力学差异，使得印刷有陶瓷油墨的区域与没有印刷陶瓷油墨的区域的交界处周围出现光学失真或光畸变等，这在交界处周围30mm范围内较为明显，为了避免过多的自然光线和杂散光(由仪表板等反射来的杂散光线)进入摄像头的光路系统而导致图像发光、模糊等异常，陶瓷油墨的边界与光学透过区域之间的间距较小，使得被陶瓷油墨包围的光学透过区域的屈光度可能大于400mdpt，导致摄像头通过光学透过区域获取图像的质量、清晰度和精度等不能满足要求。
为了解决玻璃基板上印刷有陶瓷油墨的区域与没有印刷陶瓷油墨的区域的交界处周围出现光学失真或光畸变等问题，中国专利CN201280018141.5、CN201380040121.2和美国专利US20110052886A1公开了一种PVB印刷技术，将起到遮蔽作用的黑色颜料印刷到夹层玻璃用的PVB上，以替代玻璃基板上印刷的陶瓷油墨，从而消除因陶瓷油墨而在玻璃基板的不同部位之间形成的温度梯度；也有中国专利CN201880072438.7和CN201880072380.6公开了一种夹层玻璃，将基本不透明的薄塑料或在薄膜上印刷遮蔽物与塑料粘合中间层结合，从而替代陶瓷油墨起到遮蔽作用；还有中国专利CN201980000818.4公开了一种层压玻璃板，所述层压玻璃板包括由第一装饰物和第二装饰物叠覆产生的不透明装饰物，第一装饰物在中间粘合剂层上，第二装饰物在所述玻璃片的面2、面3或面4上，第二装饰物界定出尺寸小于第一装饰物的尺寸的自由区域(无釉料)，在所述层压玻璃板的组装过程中将第一装饰物叠覆在第二装饰物上，所述第一装饰物可以通过丝网印刷在中间粘合剂层上形成、也可以将聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)的印刷膜或聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)的有色中间粘合剂薄膜插入中间粘合剂层中形成；这些技术主要是在PVB表面印刷遮蔽物或拼接另一不透明薄膜作为遮蔽物，容易在后续汽车玻璃生产过程中出现气泡及再生气泡，且容易受汽车玻璃生产工艺影响，加工质量不稳定，工艺实现复杂，遮蔽物与玻璃基板的边界处也容易出现模糊不清、位置精度难以控制和光学问题等。
发明内容：
本发明所要解决的技术问题是针对现有技术存在容易出现气泡及再生气泡、加工质量不稳定以及边界处容易出现模糊不清、位置精度难以控制和光学问题等缺点，提供一种汽车挡风玻璃及其制造方法。
本发明解决其技术问题所采取的技术方案是：一种汽车挡风玻璃，包括外玻璃板、内玻璃板和中间粘结层，所述外玻璃板具有朝向车外的第一表面和朝向车内的第二表面，所述内玻璃板具有朝向车外的第三表面和朝向车内的第四表面，所述中间粘结层将所述第二表面和所述第三表面粘接在一起，所述汽车挡风玻璃的至少一个表面上设置有不透明遮蔽层，所述外玻璃板和内玻璃板中的至少一个为由平直玻璃板经过至少560℃的高温热处理和弯曲成型形成的弯曲玻璃板，其特征在于：所述不透明遮蔽层包括深色陶瓷油墨层和紫外线干燥油墨层，所述深色陶瓷油墨层设置在所述第二表面和/或所述第四表面上，所述紫外线干燥油墨层设置在所述第二表面、第三表面和第四表面中的至少一个上，所述深色陶瓷油墨层内设置有第一无油墨区域，所述紫外线干燥油墨层位于所述第一无油墨区域内，所述紫外线干燥油墨层内设置有光学透过区域，所述光学透过区域的屈光度不大于200mdpt。
优选地，所述汽车挡风玻璃位于车内一侧安装有至少一个图像采集装置，所述图像采集装置透过所述光学透过区域采集图像。
更优选地，所述光学透过区域的轮廓比所述图像采集装置的视野范围在所述汽车挡风玻璃上的区域的轮廓大1～5mm。
优选地，所述深色陶瓷油墨层设置在平直玻璃板上并经过所述至少560℃的高温热处理和弯曲成型形成，所述紫外线干燥油墨层形成在经过所述至少560℃的高温热处理和弯曲成型的弯曲玻璃板上或另一不经过所述至少560℃的高温热处理和弯曲成型的平直玻璃板上。
优选地，所述第一无油墨区域具有第一边界，所述紫外线干燥油墨层具有第二边界，所述光学透过区域具有第三边界，所述第二边界大于或等于所述第一边界，所述第二边界和所述第三边界之间的距离大于或等于5mm。
更优选地，所述第二边界和所述第三边界之间的距离为10～80mm。
优选地，在所述汽车挡风玻璃的四周边部设置有深色陶瓷油墨区，所述深色陶瓷油墨区为黑色陶瓷油墨或褐色陶瓷油墨。
优选地，所述深色陶瓷油墨层包括有机溶剂和无机粉体，所述无机粉体的含量按质量百分比计为70～85％；所述无机粉体包括玻璃釉料、颜料和添加剂，所述玻璃釉料的平均粒径为5～10微米。
优选地，所述紫外线干燥油墨层经过小于或等于200℃的紫外线干燥固定。
优选地，所述紫外线干燥油墨层包括光固化树脂、丙烯酸酯稀释单体、颜料、光引发剂和添加剂。
优选地，所述深色陶瓷油墨层和所述紫外线干燥油墨层的厚度均大于15微米，所述深色陶瓷油墨层和所述紫外线干燥油墨层的厚度差小于或等于1微米。
优选地，所述深色陶瓷油墨层的Lab值为：4.5＜L1＜7.2，-2.3＜a1＜0.85，-1.5＜b1＜1.8；所述紫外线干燥油墨层与所述深色陶瓷油墨层的总色差值ΔE小于1，所述总色差值ΔE按以下公式计算：
Figure BDA0002691337630000031
其中，L2、a2、b2为所述紫外线干燥油墨层的Lab值。
优选地，在所述第二表面、第三表面和第四表面中的至少一个上还设置有透明导电膜，所述透明导电膜对应所述光学透过区域的区域设置有除膜窗口，所述除膜窗口中至少被局部除去所述透明导电膜。
本发明还提供一种汽车挡风玻璃的制造方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
步骤1：准备第一平直玻璃板，在所述第一平直玻璃板上印刷深色陶瓷油墨层，所述深色陶瓷油墨层内设置有第一无油墨区域；
步骤2：将印刷有深色陶瓷油墨层的所述第一平直玻璃板经过至少560℃的高温热处理和弯曲成型，获得具有深色陶瓷油墨层的第一弯曲玻璃板；
步骤3：准备经过化学钢化的第二平直玻璃板或经过至少560℃的高温热处理和弯曲成型的第二弯曲玻璃板；
步骤4：在所述第一弯曲玻璃板的第一无油墨区域内、或所述第二平直玻璃板上对应所述第一无油墨区域的区域内、或所述第二弯曲玻璃板上对应所述第一无油墨区域的区域内印刷紫外线干燥油墨层，所述紫外线干燥油墨层内设置有光学透过区域，所述紫外线干燥油墨层经过小于或等于200℃的紫外线干燥固定；
步骤5：将所述第一弯曲玻璃板和所述第二平直玻璃板或所述第二弯曲玻璃板通过至少一片中间粘结层进行合片，获得汽车挡风玻璃。
优选地，步骤1中还对所述第一平直玻璃板上的所述深色陶瓷油墨层进行预烧结处理，所述预烧结处理的温度为至少500℃，获得预固化的所述深色陶瓷油墨层。
优选地，步骤3中的所述第二弯曲玻璃板的至少一个表面上设置有所述深色陶瓷油墨层。
优选地，步骤3中的所述第二平直玻璃板的厚度小于或等于1.1mm，所述第一弯曲玻璃板的厚度比所述第二平直玻璃板的厚度大至少0.7mm。
优选地，所述第一无油墨区域具有第一边界，所述紫外线干燥油墨层具有第二边界，所述光学透过区域具有第三边界，所述第二边界大于或等于所述第一边界，所述第二边界和所述第三边界之间的距离大于或等于5mm。
本发明由于采取了上述技术方案，其具有如下有益效果：
本发明所述的汽车挡风玻璃及其制造方法，能够保证深色陶瓷油墨层因具有更高的温度而导致所述第一边界周围出现的失真或光畸变不会对光学透过区域产生影响，保证了光学透过区域的光学质量，满足光学透过区域的屈光度不大于200mdpt、不大于150mdpt、甚至不大于100mdpt、不大于75mdpt等要求，使图像采集装置采集的图像更清晰且识别度更高，提升驾驶安全性。
附图说明：
图1为本发明所述的汽车挡风玻璃安装在汽车上的装配示意图；
图2为本发明所述的图像采集装置安装在汽车挡风玻璃内侧的结构示意图；
图3为本发明所述的汽车挡风玻璃的俯视示意图；
图4为本发明所述的不透明遮蔽层的放大示意图；
图5为本发明所述的深色陶瓷油墨层和紫外线干燥油墨层的结构示意图；
图6为本发明所述的第二边界大于第一边界的结构示意图；
图7为本发明所述的深色陶瓷油墨层和紫外线干燥油墨层的印刷厚度与黑度的关系；
图8为本发明所述的汽车挡风玻璃的第一实施例的剖视示意图；
图9为图8的局部放大图；
图10为本发明所述的汽车挡风玻璃的第二实施例的局部剖视示意图；
图11为本发明所述的汽车挡风玻璃的第三实施例的局部剖视示意图；
图12为本发明所述的汽车挡风玻璃的第四实施例的局部剖视示意图。
具体实施方式：
以下结合附图对本发明的内容作进一步说明。
如图1所示，本发明所述的一种汽车挡风玻璃100安装在汽车车身101的开口处，在所述汽车挡风玻璃的上部且位于车内一侧安装有至少一个图像采集装置102，光线透过汽车挡风玻璃100进入所述图像采集装置102，所述图像采集装置102能够将车外的景象拍摄成图像或录制成视频，用于记录汽车前方的驾驶环境，或用于分析和辅助改变驾驶行为。
在本发明中，图像采集装置102主要是利用光学原理采集图像的装置，例如利用可见光和/或红外线进行成像，具体可以举例摄像头、摄像机、照相机等，安装在汽车上用于实现车道偏离预警(LDW)、前向碰撞预警(FCW)、交通标志识别(TSR)、车道保持辅助(LKA)、行人碰撞预警(PCW)、红外夜视(NVS)等功能。
通常，考虑汽车外观和零部件布置的需求，例如光感器、雨感器、湿度传感器等集成于汽车挡风玻璃100的上部居中位置，所述图像采集装置102可以直接固定在该位置，也可以通过支架固定在车顶上且朝向该位置。为了实现车外车内均具有良好的外观，车内侧可以通过内罩盖板遮蔽以上这些部件，车外侧则可以通过不透明遮蔽层遮蔽以上这些部件。如图2所示，所述汽车挡风玻璃100的至少一个表面上设置有不透明遮蔽层103，由于所述图像采集装置102需要透过所述汽车挡风玻璃100采集图像，所述图像采集装置102的前方需要一定范围的通光区域，根据所述图像采集装置102的视野范围(FOV，field of view)在所述汽车挡风玻璃100上的区域,在所述不透明遮蔽层103中设置有光学透过区域104，所述光学透过区域104的四周被所述不透明遮蔽层103限定，所述光学透过区域104没有被所述不透明遮蔽层103覆盖，所述图像采集装置102透过所述光学透过区域104采集图像。通常所述光学透过区域104的面积略大于所述图像采集装置102的视野范围在所述汽车挡风玻璃100上的区域的面积，既可以避免所述光学透过区域104的面积不足而导致视野范围区域不足，也可以避免所述光学透过区域104的面积过大而导致过多车外杂散光进入所述图像采集装置102使图像品质不良，优选所述光学透过区域104的轮廓比所述图像采集装置102的视野范围在所述汽车挡风玻璃100上的区域的轮廓大1～5mm。
如图3所示，在所述汽车挡风玻璃100的四周边部设置有深色陶瓷油墨区105，用于遮蔽车内的部件，能够保证所述汽车挡风玻璃100的周边颜色协调一致，提高周边外观，还能够阻隔太阳辐射，避免车内部件老化，提高产品的稳定性和使用寿命；所述深色陶瓷油墨区105优选为黑色陶瓷油墨或褐色陶瓷油墨，可以通过丝网印刷、喷墨印刷等方式形成，所述深色陶瓷油墨区105的厚度为微米级，例如5～40微米。
如图3和图4所示，所述不透明遮蔽层103从所述汽车挡风玻璃100的边部向中央区域延伸，所述不透明遮蔽层103包括深色陶瓷油墨层1031和紫外线干燥油墨层1032，所述深色陶瓷油墨层1031优选采用与所述深色陶瓷油墨区105同样的材料和工艺，通过同一道印刷工序同时形成所述深色陶瓷油墨区105和所述深色陶瓷油墨层1031，所述紫外线干燥油墨层1032形成在所述深色陶瓷油墨层1031的内部且具有所述光学透过区域104，所述光学透过区域104的四周被所述紫外线干燥油墨层1032限定。
其中，所述深色陶瓷油墨层1031可以通过平面印刷等方式形成在平直玻璃板的表面上，然后同平直玻璃板一起经过至少560℃的高温热处理和弯曲成型，所述深色陶瓷油墨层1031烧结成型在弯曲玻璃板的表面上。所述深色陶瓷油墨层1031通常包括有机溶剂和无机粉体，其中的无机粉体的含量按质量百分比计为70～85％；所述无机粉体主要包括玻璃釉料、颜料和添加剂；所述玻璃釉料的平均粒径为5～10微米，主要成分为硼硅酸铋、硼硅酸锌等，用于决定所述深色陶瓷油墨层1031的烧结温度范围和耐化学性等；所述颜料的主要成分为氧化铁、氧化铜、氧化钴、氧化镍、氧化锰等，起到遮蔽和提供色泽的作用，优选为黑色色泽。
其中，所述紫外线干燥油墨层1032可以通过曲面印刷等方式形成在经过至少560℃的高温热处理和弯曲成型的弯曲玻璃板的表面上，然后通过小于或等于200℃的紫外线使其干燥固定在弯曲玻璃板的表面上。所述紫外线干燥油墨(也叫UV油墨)层1032主要包括光固化树脂、丙烯酸酯稀释单体、颜料、光引发剂和添加剂等；所述光固化树脂是所述紫外线干燥油墨层1032的主要成分，用于决定所述紫外线干燥油墨层1032的硬度、耐摩擦性、附着性、耐光性、耐化学品性和耐水性等，通常选用聚合性预聚物，例如丙烯酸树脂等；所述丙烯酸酯稀释单体用作活性稀释剂，用于调节所述紫外线干燥油墨层1032的粘度、固化速度和固化后性能；所述颜料的主要成分为氧化铁、氧化铜、氧化钴、氧化镍、氧化锰等，起到遮蔽和提供色泽的作用，优选为黑色色泽；所述光引发剂用于吸收350～400nm范围内的辐射能并产生具有引发剂聚合能力的活性中间体的物质，有助于润湿所述紫外线干燥油墨层1032和增加流平性。
如图5所示，所述深色陶瓷油墨层1031内设置有第一无油墨区域1033，所述第一无油墨区域1033具有第一边界1034，所述紫外线干燥油墨层1032位于所述第一无油墨区域1033内，所述紫外线干燥油墨层1032内设置有光学透过区域104，所述紫外线干燥油墨层1032具有第二边界1035，所述光学透过区域104具有第三边界1036，所述第二边界1035大于或等于所述第一边界1034，所述第二边界1035和所述第三边界1036之间的距离大于或等于5mm；先通过平面印刷等方式在平直玻璃板的表面上形成具有第一无油墨区域1033的所述深色陶瓷油墨层1031，然后通过曲面印刷等方式在经过至少560℃的高温热处理和弯曲成型的弯曲玻璃板的表面上形成具有光学透过区域104的所述紫外线干燥油墨层1032，能够保证所述深色陶瓷油墨层1031因具有更高的温度而导致所述第一边界1034周围出现的失真或光畸变不会对所述光学透过区域104产生影响，保证了所述光学透过区域104的光学质量，满足所述光学透过区域104的屈光度不大于200mdpt、不大于150mdpt、甚至不大于100mdpt、不大于75mdpt等要求，使图像采集装置102采集的图像更清晰且识别度更高，提升驾驶安全性。优选地，所述第二边界1035和所述第三边界1036之间的距离为10～80mm，例如30mm。
在图5中，所述深色陶瓷油墨层1031内设置有一个第一无油墨区域1033，所述紫外线干燥油墨层1032内设置有一个光学透过区域104；本发明还可以根据实际安装的图像采集装置102的数量，例如至少两个图像采集装置102时，所述至少两个图像采集装置102可以透过同一个光学透过区域104采集图像，也可以设置每个图像采集装置102透过其对应的一个光学透过区域104采集图像，具体可以举例在所述深色陶瓷油墨层1031内设置有一个第一无油墨区域1033，所述紫外线干燥油墨层1032内设置有至少两个光学透过区域104；或在所述深色陶瓷油墨层1031内设置有至少两个第一无油墨区域1033，每个所述紫外线干燥油墨层1032内设置有一个光学透过区域104。
其中，所述第二边界1035等于所述第一边界1034，即所述第二边界1035与所述第一边界1034重叠，所述紫外线干燥油墨层1032正好覆盖所述第一无油墨区域1033；如图6所示，所述第二边界1035大于所述第一边界1034，即所述第二边界1035具有延伸至所述深色陶瓷油墨层1031中的部分MN、所述第一边界1034具有延伸至所述紫外线干燥油墨层1032中的部分NO，所述紫外线干燥油墨层1032覆盖所述第一无油墨区域1033且与所述深色陶瓷油墨层1031形成重合油墨边界MO。
为了保证整体外观，使所述深色陶瓷油墨层1031和所述紫外线干燥油墨层1032之间不存在人眼能够识别的色差，如图7所述，优选所述深色陶瓷油墨层1031和所述紫外线干燥油墨层1032的厚度均大于15微米，测量所述深色陶瓷油墨层1031和所述紫外线干燥油墨层1032的黑度等于1，所述深色陶瓷油墨层1031和所述紫外线干燥油墨层1032的厚度差小于或等于1微米；更优选所述深色陶瓷油墨层1031和所述紫外线干燥油墨层1032的厚度为18～25微米。在本发明中，优选所述深色陶瓷油墨层1031的Lab值为：4.5＜L1＜7.2，-2.3＜a1＜0.85，-1.5＜b1＜1.8；所述紫外线干燥油墨层1032与所述深色陶瓷油墨层1031的总色差值ΔE小于1，所述总色差值ΔE按以下公式计算：
Figure BDA0002691337630000081
如图8和图9所示，本发明所述的汽车挡风玻璃100包括外玻璃板1、内玻璃板2和中间粘结层3，所述外玻璃板1具有朝向车外的第一表面11和朝向车内的第二表面12，所述内玻璃板2具有朝向车外的第三表面21和朝向车内的第四表面22，所述中间粘结层3将所述第二表面12和所述第三表面21粘接在一起，所述深色陶瓷油墨层1031设置在所述第二表面12和/或所述第四表面22上，所述紫外线干燥油墨层1032设置在所述第二表面12、第三表面21和第四表面22中的至少一个上，所述深色陶瓷油墨层1031和所述紫外线干燥油墨层1032构成所述不透明遮蔽层103，其特征在于：所述外玻璃板1和内玻璃板2中的至少一个为由平直玻璃板经过至少560℃的高温热处理和弯曲成型形成的弯曲玻璃板，所述深色陶瓷油墨层1031设置在所述平直玻璃板上，所述紫外线干燥油墨层1032设置在所述外玻璃板1或内玻璃板2上。其中，所述560℃的高温热处理和弯曲成型为汽车玻璃的生产工艺，例如烘弯或钢化等弯曲工艺。
在图9中，所述深色陶瓷油墨层1031和所述紫外线干燥油墨层1032位于同一表面上，即都位于所述第二表面12上；如图10所示，所述深色陶瓷油墨层1031和所述紫外线干燥油墨层1032位于同一表面上，即都位于所述第二表面12上，在所述第三表面21上还设置有透明导电膜4，所述透明导电膜4对应所述光学透过区域104的区域设置有除膜窗口41，所述除膜窗口41中至少被局部除去所述透明导电膜4，以利于电磁波信号透过和保证所述光学透过区域104的光谱性能，所述透明导电膜4还可以位于所述第二表面12或第四表面22上，所述透明导电膜4用于反射红外线和/或加热所述汽车挡风玻璃100；如图11所示，所述深色陶瓷油墨层1031和所述紫外线干燥油墨层1032位于不同表面上，所述深色陶瓷油墨层1031位于第二表面12上，所述紫外线干燥油墨层1032位于第四表面22上，在所述第三表面21上还设置有透明导电膜4，所述深色陶瓷油墨层1031内设置有第一无油墨区域1033，所述第一无油墨区域1033具有第一边界1034，所述紫外线干燥油墨层1032内设置有光学透过区域104，所述紫外线干燥油墨层1032具有第二边界1035，所述光学透过区域104具有第三边界1036，所述紫外线干燥油墨层1032在厚度方向的投影位于所述第一无油墨区域1033内，所述透明导电膜4对应所述光学透过区域104的区域设置有除膜窗口41；如图12所示，所述深色陶瓷油墨层1031和所述紫外线干燥油墨层1032位于同一表面上，即都位于所述第二表面12上，在所述第四表面22上还设置有另一深色陶瓷油墨层1031，所述第四表面22上的深色陶瓷油墨层1031与所述第二表面12上的深色陶瓷油墨层1031形状相同。
所述透明导电膜4可以通过化学气相沉积(CVD)或物理气相沉积(CVD)的方法直接沉积到第二表面12、第三表面21或第四表面22上，例如通过磁控溅射沉积；并且，优选所述透明导电膜4能够承受高温热处理，例如烘弯或钢化等弯曲工艺的热处理过程。具体地，所述透明导电膜4可以包括金属层、金属合金层或金属氧化物层，所述金属层可以选用金(Au)、银(Ag)、铜(Cu)、铝(Al)或钼(Mo)，所述金属合金层可以选用银合金，所述金属氧化物层可以选用铟锡氧化物(ITO)、掺杂氟的二氧化锡(FTO)、掺杂铝的二氧化锌(AZO)、掺杂锑的氧化锡(ATO)等；例如，当所述透明导电膜4包括银层或银合金层时，银层或银合金层位于至少两个介质层之间，所述介质层中含有氧化锌、氧化锡、氧化铟、氧化钛、氧化硅、氧化铝、氮化硅、碳化硅、氮化铝或钛金属层中的至少一个。
本发明所述的中间粘结层3用于将所述外玻璃板1和内玻璃板2粘接固定在一起，例如可以选用聚碳酸酯(PC)、聚氯乙烯(PVC)、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)、乙烯乙酸乙烯酯(EVA)、聚丙烯酸酯(PA)、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)或聚氨酯(PUR)等。当然，所述中间粘结层3还可以具有其他功能，例如设置至少一个着色区用作阴影带从而降低太阳光对人眼的干扰或者增添红外线吸收剂从而具有防晒或隔热功能，又例如所述中间粘结层3还可以包含至少两层，其中一层的增塑剂含量更高从而具有隔音功能，或者其中一层是楔形形状从而具有抬头显示(HUD)功能等。
本发明还提供一种汽车挡风玻璃的制造方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤1：准备第一平直玻璃板，在所述第一平直玻璃板上印刷深色陶瓷油墨层1031，所述深色陶瓷油墨层1031内设置有第一无油墨区域1033，所述第一无油墨区域1033具有第一边界1034；
优选地，对所述第一平直玻璃板上的所述深色陶瓷油墨层1031进行预烧结处理，所述预烧结处理的温度为至少500℃，获得预固化的所述深色陶瓷油墨层1031，能够避免深色陶瓷油墨与其他玻璃板或生产设备粘接，保证所述深色陶瓷油墨层1031的印刷质量；
步骤2：将印刷有深色陶瓷油墨层1031的所述第一平直玻璃板经过至少560℃的高温热处理和弯曲成型，获得具有深色陶瓷油墨层1031的第一弯曲玻璃板；
将所述深色陶瓷油墨层1031的烧结过程与所述第一弯曲玻璃板的高温热处理和弯曲成型过程进行结合，使得按照汽车玻璃的生产工艺可获得一次加工成型的具有深色陶瓷油墨层1031的第一弯曲玻璃板，节省了工艺步骤；
步骤3：准备经过化学钢化的第二平直玻璃板或经过至少560℃的高温热处理和弯曲成型的第二弯曲玻璃板；
可选地，所述第二弯曲玻璃板的至少一个表面上还设置有所述深色陶瓷油墨层1031，提高整体遮蔽性或增强附件与玻璃板的粘接性能；
其中，所述第二平直玻璃板的厚度小于所述第一弯曲玻璃板的厚度，优选所述第二平直玻璃板的厚度小于或等于1.1mm，所述第一弯曲玻璃板的厚度比所述第二平直玻璃板的厚度大至少0.7mm；
所述化学钢化主要是通过不同离子半径的离子在薄玻璃或超薄玻璃表面进行离子交换，使薄玻璃或超薄玻璃表面产生较高的表面应力，并伴随一定的应力层深度，从而提高薄玻璃或超薄玻璃在力学性能方面的强度，所述第二平直玻璃板优选为碱性铝硅酸盐玻璃；
步骤4：在所述第一弯曲玻璃板的第一无油墨区域1033内、或所述第二平直玻璃板上对应所述第一无油墨区域1033的区域内、或所述第二弯曲玻璃板上对应所述第一无油墨区域1033的区域内印刷紫外线干燥油墨层1032，所述紫外线干燥油墨层1032内设置有光学透过区域104，所述紫外线干燥油墨层1032经过小于或等于200℃的紫外线干燥固定；
所述紫外线干燥油墨层1032具有第二边界1035，所述光学透过区域104具有第三边界1036，所述第二边界1035大于或等于所述第一边界1034，所述第二边界1035和所述第三边界1036之间的距离大于或等于5mm；所述深色陶瓷油墨层1031和所述紫外线干燥油墨层1032位于同一表面上，根据本发明所述的实施例，所述深色陶瓷油墨层1031和所述紫外线干燥油墨层1032也可以位于不同表面上；
为了保证所述图像采集装置102采集图像的质量，所述光学透过区域104的可见光透过率大于或等于70％，所述光学透过区域104的雾度小于或等于5％，更优选小于或等于1.5％，甚至小于或等于1％；对应的，所述深色陶瓷油墨层1031和所述紫外线干燥油墨层1032的可见光透过率小于或等于1.5％,紫外线透过率小于或等于0.05％；
步骤5：将所述第一弯曲玻璃板和所述第二平直玻璃板或所述第二弯曲玻璃板通过至少一片中间粘结层3进行合片，获得汽车挡风玻璃100；
在本发明中，所述第一弯曲玻璃板可以用作所述汽车挡风玻璃100的外玻璃板1，所述第二平直玻璃板或第二弯曲玻璃板可以用作所述汽车挡风玻璃100的内玻璃板2；所述第二平直玻璃板优选通过冷成型工艺实现与所述第一弯曲玻璃板的粘合，获得汽车挡风玻璃100。
以上内容对本发明所述的一种汽车挡风玻璃及其制造方法进行了具体描述，但是本发明不受以上描述的具体实施方式内容的局限，所以凡依据本发明的技术要点进行的任何改进、等同修改和替换等，均属于本发明保护的范围。

Claims (18)

1.一种汽车挡风玻璃，包括外玻璃板、内玻璃板和中间粘结层，所述外玻璃板具有朝向车外的第一表面和朝向车内的第二表面，所述内玻璃板具有朝向车外的第三表面和朝向车内的第四表面，所述中间粘结层将所述第二表面和所述第三表面粘接在一起，所述汽车挡风玻璃的至少一个表面上设置有不透明遮蔽层，所述外玻璃板和内玻璃板中的至少一个为由平直玻璃板经过至少560℃的高温热处理和弯曲成型形成的弯曲玻璃板，其特征在于：所述不透明遮蔽层包括深色陶瓷油墨层和紫外线干燥油墨层，所述深色陶瓷油墨层设置在所述第二表面和/或所述第四表面上，所述紫外线干燥油墨层设置在所述第二表面、第三表面和第四表面中的至少一个上，所述深色陶瓷油墨层内设置有第一无油墨区域，所述紫外线干燥油墨层位于所述第一无油墨区域内，所述紫外线干燥油墨层内设置有光学透过区域，所述光学透过区域的屈光度不大于200mdpt。
2.根据权利要求1所述的汽车挡风玻璃，其特征在于：所述汽车挡风玻璃位于车内一侧安装有至少一个图像采集装置，所述图像采集装置透过所述光学透过区域采集图像。
3.根据权利要求2所述的汽车挡风玻璃，其特征在于：所述光学透过区域的轮廓比所述图像采集装置的视野范围在所述汽车挡风玻璃上的区域的轮廓大1～5mm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的汽车挡风玻璃，其特征在于：所述深色陶瓷油墨层设置在平直玻璃板上并经过所述至少560℃的高温热处理和弯曲成型形成，所述紫外线干燥油墨层形成在经过所述至少560℃的高温热处理和弯曲成型的弯曲玻璃板上或另一不经过所述至少560℃的高温热处理和弯曲成型的平直玻璃板上。
5.根据权利要求1所述的汽车挡风玻璃，其特征在于：所述第一无油墨区域具有第一边界，所述紫外线干燥油墨层具有第二边界，所述光学透过区域具有第三边界，所述第二边界大于或等于所述第一边界，所述第二边界和所述第三边界之间的距离大于或等于5mm。
6.根据权利要求5所述的汽车挡风玻璃，其特征在于：所述第二边界和所述第三边界之间的距离为10～80mm。
7.根据权利要求1所述的汽车挡风玻璃，其特征在于：在所述汽车挡风玻璃的四周边部设置有深色陶瓷油墨区，所述深色陶瓷油墨区为黑色陶瓷油墨或褐色陶瓷油墨。
8.根据权利要求1所述的汽车挡风玻璃，其特征在于：所述深色陶瓷油墨层包括有机溶剂和无机粉体，所述无机粉体的含量按质量百分比计为70～85％；所述无机粉体包括玻璃釉料、颜料和添加剂，所述玻璃釉料的平均粒径为5～10微米。
9.根据权利要求1所述的汽车挡风玻璃，其特征在于：所述紫外线干燥油墨层经过小于或等于200℃的紫外线干燥固定。
10.根据权利要求1所述的汽车挡风玻璃，其特征在于：所述紫外线干燥油墨层包括光固化树脂、丙烯酸酯稀释单体、颜料、光引发剂和添加剂。
11.根据权利要求1所述的汽车挡风玻璃，其特征在于：所述深色陶瓷油墨层和所述紫外线干燥油墨层的厚度均大于15微米，所述深色陶瓷油墨层和所述紫外线干燥油墨层的厚度差小于或等于1微米。
12.根据权利要求1所述的汽车挡风玻璃，其特征在于：所述深色陶瓷油墨层的Lab值为：4.5＜L1＜7.2，-2.3＜a1＜0.85，-1.5＜b1＜1.8；所述紫外线干燥油墨层与所述深色陶瓷油墨层的总色差值ΔE小于1，所述总色差值ΔE按以下公式计算：
Figure FDA0002691337620000021
其中，L2、a2、b2为所述紫外线干燥油墨层的Lab值。
13.根据权利要求1所述的汽车挡风玻璃，其特征在于：在所述第二表面、第三表面和第四表面中的至少一个上还设置有透明导电膜，所述透明导电膜对应所述光学透过区域的区域设置有除膜窗口，所述除膜窗口中至少被局部除去所述透明导电膜。
14.根据权利要求1-13任意一项所述的汽车挡风玻璃的制造方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
步骤1：准备第一平直玻璃板，在所述第一平直玻璃板上印刷深色陶瓷油墨层，所述深色陶瓷油墨层内设置有第一无油墨区域；
步骤2：将印刷有深色陶瓷油墨层的所述第一平直玻璃板经过至少560℃的高温热处理和弯曲成型，获得具有深色陶瓷油墨层的第一弯曲玻璃板；
步骤3：准备经过化学钢化的第二平直玻璃板或经过至少560℃的高温热处理和弯曲成型的第二弯曲玻璃板；
步骤4：在所述第一弯曲玻璃板的第一无油墨区域内、或所述第二平直玻璃板上对应所述第一无油墨区域的区域内、或所述第二弯曲玻璃板上对应所述第一无油墨区域的区域内印刷紫外线干燥油墨层，所述紫外线干燥油墨层内设置有光学透过区域，所述紫外线干燥油墨层经过小于或等于200℃的紫外线干燥固定；
步骤5：将所述第一弯曲玻璃板和所述第二平直玻璃板或所述第二弯曲玻璃板通过至少一片中间粘结层进行合片，获得汽车挡风玻璃。
15.根据权利要求14所述的汽车挡风玻璃的制造方法，其特征在于：步骤1中还对所述第一平直玻璃板上的所述深色陶瓷油墨层进行预烧结处理，所述预烧结处理的温度为至少500℃，获得预固化的所述深色陶瓷油墨层。
16.根据权利要求14所述的汽车挡风玻璃的制造方法，其特征在于：步骤3中的所述第二弯曲玻璃板的至少一个表面上设置有所述深色陶瓷油墨层。
17.根据权利要求14所述的汽车挡风玻璃的制造方法，其特征在于：步骤3中的所述第二平直玻璃板的厚度小于或等于1.1mm，所述第一弯曲玻璃板的厚度比所述第二平直玻璃板的厚度大至少0.7mm。
18.根据权利要求14所述的汽车挡风玻璃的制造方法，其特征在于：所述第一无油墨区域具有第一边界，所述紫外线干燥油墨层具有第二边界，所述光学透过区域具有第三边界，所述第二边界大于或等于所述第一边界，所述第二边界和所述第三边界之间的距离大于或等于5mm。
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