CN108699282B - 具有改进的拉伸性能的无卤阻燃剂组合物 - Google Patents
具有改进的拉伸性能的无卤阻燃剂组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN108699282B CN108699282B CN201780011548.8A CN201780011548A CN108699282B CN 108699282 B CN108699282 B CN 108699282B CN 201780011548 A CN201780011548 A CN 201780011548A CN 108699282 B CN108699282 B CN 108699282B
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Abstract
公开了一种用于护套或绝缘材料的组合物,该组合物包含42至54重量%的无卤阻燃剂,26至46重量%的乙烯丙烯酸烷基酯共聚物,例如乙烯丙烯酸乙酯,任选地0至15重量%的基于乙烯的聚合物,任选地0至12重量%的偶联剂,以及任选地0至1重量%的抗氧化剂。还公开了包括该护套材料组合物的电缆绝缘层、电缆保护外护套、电缆芯护鞘和电缆。包含该组合物的组件表现出平衡和改进的熔体流变学、拉伸和阻燃性能。
Description
相关申请的引用
本申请要求2016年2月29日提交的美国临时申请62/301,097的权益。
技术领域
本公开涉及护套或绝缘材料。具体而言,本公开涉及用于电线和电缆的护套或绝缘材料,其包括无卤阻燃剂和其中烷基可具有1至8个碳原子或1至4个碳原子的乙烯丙烯酸烷基酯共聚物等。在一个实施方案中,乙烯丙烯酸烷基酯共聚物是乙烯丙烯酸乙酯。本公开还涉及用于护套或绝缘材料的组合物,其显示平衡和改进的熔体流变学、拉伸和阻燃性能。
背景技术
聚烯烃树脂通常用作电线和电缆护鞘层中的材料,例如围绕电线或电缆的绝缘或外护套。添加剂通常与聚烯烃树脂共混以赋予这些护套层阻燃性。典型的添加剂包括有机卤化化合物和阻燃剂增效剂,如三氧化锑。不幸的是,这些添加剂在受到燃烧时会引起发烟和/或排放有害气体。这些添加剂也会导致金属腐蚀。
为了解决这些问题,卤化阻燃剂通常被替换为非卤化或无卤素的阻燃剂,例如金属氢氧化物。虽然解决了发烟和有害气体问题,但使用无卤阻燃剂具有一些不希望的效果。无卤阻燃剂的一个问题是需要相对较大量的阻燃剂填料来达到与使用卤化阻燃剂时所达到的相同的阻燃水平。就可熔体挤出性、机械性能、柔韧性和低温性能而言,较高含量的无卤阻燃剂会不利地影响聚烯烃树脂。特别地,对于基于乙烯乙酸乙烯酯共聚物的组合物,较高含量的无卤阻燃剂导致熔体粘度增加和拉伸伸长率降低,这两者都是不希望的。
因此,具有平衡和改进的熔体流变、拉伸和阻燃性能的无卤阻燃组合物是期望的。
发明内容
公开了一种用于护套或绝缘材料的组合物,所述组合物包含42至54重量%(“重量百分比”或“wt%”)的无卤阻燃剂、26至46重量%的乙烯丙烯酸烷基酯共聚物、任选地0至15重量%的基于乙烯的聚合物、任选地0至12重量%的偶联剂和任选地0至1重量%的抗氧化剂,其中所有重量百分比基于组合物的总重量。在一个实施方案中,乙烯丙烯酸烷基酯共聚物是乙烯丙烯酸乙酯(“EEA”)。
无卤阻燃剂选自金属氢氧化物、碳酸钙及其组合。进一步,基于乙烯的聚合物不是乙烯丙烯酸烷基酯共聚物,并且包含衍生自C3至C12α-烯烃的亚单元。还进一步,偶联剂是马来酸酐接枝聚合物。甚至进一步,抗氧化剂选自受阻和半受阻酚、亚磷酸酯和亚膦酸酯、硫代化合物、硅氧烷、胺及其组合。此外,该组合物还包含一种或多种其他添加剂。
还公开了一种电缆绝缘层,所述电缆绝缘层包含第一方面的组合物。此外,公开了一种电缆保护外套,该电缆保护外套包括第一方面的组合物。更进一步,公开了一种电缆芯护鞘,所述电缆芯护鞘包括第一方面的组合物。更进一步,公开了一种电缆,该电缆包括电导体和通信介质,其中电导体和通信介质中的至少一个被包含本公开组合物的护鞘包围。
具体实施方式
本公开中的数值范围包括以一个单位为增量的来自并包括较低值和较高值的所有值,条件是在任何较低值与较高值之间存在至少两个单位的间隔。例如,如果组成、物理或其他性质例如分子量、粘度、熔体指数等是100至1000,则意图是所有单个值如100、101、102等以及子范围例如100至144、155至170、197至200等被明确地列举。对于包含小于1的值或包含大于1的分数(例如1.1、1.5等)的范围,视情况而定,一个单位被认为是0.0001、0.001、0.01或0.1。对于包含小于10的单个数字的范围(例如1至5),一个单位通常被认为是0.1。这些仅仅是具体意图的例子,并且在所列举的最低值和最高值之间的数值的所有可能的组合都被认为是在本公开中明确陈述的。本公开内容中提供数值范围用于熔体指数、多分散性或分子量分布(Mw/Mn)、共聚单体的百分比和共聚单体中碳原子数等等。
“聚合物”是指通过使单体聚合制备的聚合物,无论是相同的还是不同的类型。该上位术语聚合物因此包括术语均聚物以及如下定义的术语互聚物,均聚物通常用于指仅由一种类型的单体制备的聚合物。
“互聚物”是指通过聚合至少两种不同类型的单体制备的聚合物。该上位术语包括通常用于指由两种不同类型的单体制备的聚合物的共聚物,以及由多于两种不同类型的单体制备的聚合物,例如三元聚合物、四元聚合物等。
“共混物”、“聚合物共混物”等术语是指两种或更多种聚合物的组合物。这种共混物可以是或可以不是混溶的。这种共混物可以是或可以不是相分离的。如透射电子能谱、光散射、X射线散射和本领域已知的任何其他方法所确定的,这样的共混物可以包含或可以不包含一个或多个域构型。共混物不是层压材料。
“电缆”及类似术语是指保护套或护鞘内的至少一根电线或光纤。典型地,电缆是捆绑在一起的两根或更多根电线或光纤,通常在共同的保护套或护鞘中。护套内的单根电线或光纤可能是裸露的、覆盖的或绝缘的。组合电缆可包含电线和光纤二者。电缆等可以被设计用于低、中和高压应用。典型的电缆设计在US 5246783、US 5889087、US 6496629和US6714707中说明。
“护鞘”和类似术语是指围绕一根或多根电线或光纤的保护性包裹物、涂层或其他包封结构,通常为聚合物成分。绝缘层是通常设计用于保护电线和/或光纤或者线束和/或光纤束免受水和静电损害的护鞘。绝缘层通常但并非总是电缆的内部组件。护套是通常设计为电缆最外层的外护鞘或保护护鞘,以提供电缆的其他组件保护免受环境和物理损害。外护套也可提供防静电保护。在一些实施方案中,一个护鞘起绝缘层和护套的作用。
“芯”等术语是指在单个护鞘内的一根或多根电线或光纤,通常是一束电线和/或光纤,并且形成电缆的中心组件。芯内的每根电线、光纤和/或电线和/或光纤束可以裸露或用其自身的护鞘包封。
根据美国测试与材料协会(ASTM)程序ASTM D792-00,方法B确定密度。
以g/10min为单位的熔体指数(I2)使用ASTM D-1238-04(C版本),条件190C/2.16kg测量。符号“I10”是指使用ASTM D 1238-04,条件190C/10.0kg测量的以g/10min为单位的熔体指数。符号“I21”是指使用ASTM D-1238-04,条件190C/21.6kg测量的以g/10min为单位的熔体指数。聚乙烯通常在190℃下测量,而聚丙烯通常在230℃下测量。
差示扫描量热法(“DSC”)使用配备有RCS冷却附件和自动采样器的TAI型号Q1000DSC进行。该设备用氮气流(50cc/min)吹扫。将样品压成薄膜并在约175℃的压机中熔化,然后空气冷却至室温(~25℃)。然后将材料(3-10mg)切成3mm直径的圆片,精确称重,放入轻铝盘(约50mg)中,然后卷曲封闭。用以下温度曲线研究样品的热行为。将样品迅速加热至180℃并等温保持3分钟以除去任何先前的热历程。然后将样品以10℃/分钟的冷却速率冷却至-90℃,并在90℃下保持3分钟。然后以10℃/分钟的加热速率将样品加热至150℃。记录冷却和第二条加热曲线。
如上所述,公开了用于护套或绝缘材料的组合物,所述组合物包含无卤阻燃剂、乙烯丙烯酸烷基酯共聚物、基于乙烯的聚合物、偶联剂和抗氧化剂,等等。
所公开的组合物的无卤阻燃剂可抑制、压制或延迟火焰的产生。适用于根据本公开的组合物的无卤阻燃剂的实例包括但不限于金属氢氧化物、红磷、二氧化硅、氧化铝、氧化钛、碳纳米管、滑石、粘土、有机改性的粘土、碳酸钙、硼酸锌、三氧化锑、硅灰石、云母、八钼酸铵、玻璃料、中空玻璃微球、膨胀化合物、膨胀石墨及其组合。在一个实施方案中,无卤阻燃剂可以选自氢氧化铝、氢氧化镁、碳酸钙及其组合。
无卤阻燃剂可以任选地用具有8-24个碳原子或12-18个碳原子的饱和或不饱和羧酸或所述酸的金属盐进行表面处理(涂覆)。在US 4255303、US 5034442、US 7514489、US2008/0251273和WO 2013/116283中描述了示例性表面处理。可选地,所述酸或盐可以仅以类似量加入组合物中,而不使用表面处理程序。也可以使用本领域已知的其他表面处理,包括硅烷、钛酸盐、磷酸盐和锆酸盐。
适合用于根据本公开的组合物的无卤阻燃剂的商业上可得的实例包括但不限于可得自纳波泰公司(Nabaltec AG)的APYRALTM 40CD、可得自Magnifin MagnesiaprodukteGmbH&Co KG的MAGNIFINTM H5及其组合。
基于组合物的整个重量,无卤阻燃剂可以以至少42重量%、或至少43重量%、或至少44重量%、或至少45重量%、或至少46重量%、或至少47重量%的量存在于组合物中。基于组合物的整个重量,组合物中存在的无卤阻燃剂的最大量通常不超过54重量%或不超过53重量%或不超过52重量%或不超过51重量%或不超过50重量%或不超过49重量%。
公开的组合物的乙烯丙烯酸烷基酯共聚物是其中烷基可具有1至8个碳原子或1至4个碳原子的乙烯丙烯酸烷基酯共聚物。在一个实施方案中,乙烯丙烯酸烷基酯共聚物是乙烯丙烯酸乙酯(“EEA”)。公开的组合物的EEA共聚物是包含衍生自乙烯和丙烯酸乙酯的单元的共聚物树脂。例如,可以使用常规的高压方法和自由基引发剂例如有机过氧化物在150-350℃的温度和100-300MPa的压力下制备合适的EEA。基于共聚物的重量,存在于EEA中的衍生自丙烯酸乙酯即共聚单体的单元的量可以为至少5重量%或至少10重量%。基于共聚物的重量,共聚物中存在的衍生自丙烯酸乙酯的单元的最大量通常不超过40重量%,或不超过35重量%。EEA可以具有0.5-50g/10min范围内的熔体指数(I2)。适用于根据本公开的组合物的EEA共聚物树脂的商业上可得的实例包括但不限于可得自陶氏化学公司(The DowChemical Company)的AMPLIFYTM EA聚合物,例如AMPLIFYTM EA 100、AMPLIFYTM EA 101、AMPLIFYTM EA 102、AMPLIFY TM EA 103及其组合。
基于组合物的整个重量,EEA共聚物树脂可以以至少26重量%、或至少27重量%、或至少28重量%、或至少29重量%、或至少30重量%、或至少31重量%的量存在于公开的组合物中。基于组合物的整个重量,存在于组合物中的EEA的最大量通常不超过46重量%、或者不超过45重量%、或者不超过44重量%、或者不超过43重量%、或者不超过42重量%、或者不超过41重量%。
公开的组合物的任选的基于乙烯的聚合物不是乙烯丙烯酸烷基酯共聚物。公开的组合物的基于乙烯的聚合物可以是乙烯/α-烯烃互聚物,并且还可以是乙烯/α-烯烃共聚物。在一些实施方案中,基于乙烯的聚合物可具有3至12个碳原子或3至8个碳原子。合适的α-烯烃共聚单体的实例包括丙烯、1-丁烯、1-己烯、4-甲基-1-戊烯和1-辛烯。
基于乙烯的聚合物可具有小于或等于45%、进一步小于或等于40%、进一步小于或等于30%、进一步小于或等于25%以及进一步小于或等于20%的结晶度百分比,如通过DSC测定的。进一步,基于乙烯的聚合物可以具有大于或等于0%、进一步大于或等于2%、进一步大于或等于5%以及进一步大于或等于10%的结晶度百分比,如通过DSC测定的。
基于乙烯的聚合物可具有1.5至10.0范围内的多分散性(Mw/Mn)。Mw定义为重均分子量,Mn定义为数均分子量。基于乙烯的聚合物可以具有0.86至0.96g/cc的密度。在一个实施方案中,基于乙烯的聚合物可以具有小于0.93g/cc的密度、1至10g/10mm的熔体指数(I2)和8.0或更小的多分散性。在进一步实施方案中,基于乙烯的聚合物可以具有小于0.90g/cc的密度、1至10g/10min的熔体指数(I2)和3.5或更小的多分散性。
适用于根据本公开内容的组合物的基于乙烯的聚合物的实例包括但不限于可得自陶氏化学公司的AFFINITYTM KC 8852G聚烯烃塑性体。适用于本公开的基于乙烯的聚合物、互聚物和共聚物的其它实例包括美国专利6335410、6054544和6723810中所述的超低分子量乙烯聚合物,各自通过引用完全并入本文。基于乙烯的聚合物也可以是乙烯的均聚物或乙烯与少量(即少于50摩尔百分比(“摩尔%”))的一种或多种具有3-20个碳原子、或4至12个碳原子的α-烯烃(任选地二烯)的互聚物。
基于组合物的整个重量,基于乙烯的聚合物可以以至少0重量%、或至少1重量%、或至少2重量%、或至少3重量%、或至少4重量%、或至少5重量%的量存在于组合物中。基于组合物的整个重量,组合物中存在的基于乙烯的聚合物的最大量通常不超过15重量%、或者不超过14重量%、或者不超过13重量%、或者不超过12重量%、或者不超过11重量%、或者不超过10重量%。
根据本公开使用的任选偶联剂优选地通过用含有有机官能团的化合物对聚合物进行改性而获得。在一个实施方案中,聚合物是聚烯烃,优选地丙烯树脂或乙烯树脂。烯属树脂是其中主要单体是乙烯的树脂。“主要”是指基于预聚合单体的量大于50摩尔%。适用于改性用于根据本公开的组合物中的烯属树脂的含有机官能团的化学化合物的实例包括不饱和羧酸,如富马酸、丙烯酸、马来酸、巴豆酸和柠康酸;不饱和脂肪族二酸酐,如马来酸酐、衣康酸酐、柠康酸酐、5-降冰片烯-2,3-二羧酸酐、4-甲基环己烯-1,2-二羧酸酐和4-环己烯-1,2-二羧酸酐;环氧化合物,如丙烯酸缩水甘油酯、甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯和烯丙基缩水甘油醚;羟基化合物,如2-羟乙基丙烯酸、2-羟乙基甲基丙烯酸和聚乙二醇单丙烯酸酯;金属盐,如丙烯酸钠、甲基丙烯酸钠和丙烯酸锌;硅烷化合物,如乙烯基三氯硅烷、乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷、乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷和甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷。
烯属树脂在改性之前可具有0.1至50g/10min范围内的熔体指数和0.86至0.96g/cc范围内的密度。它们可以是使用齐格勒-纳塔催化剂体系、菲利普斯催化剂体系或其它过渡金属催化剂体系通过常规方法生产的任何乙烯/α-烯烃共聚物。因此,共聚物可以是非常低密度的聚乙烯(“VLDPE”)、超低密度聚乙烯(“ULDPE”)、线性低密度聚乙烯(“LLDPE”)、密度在0.926-0.94g/cc的范围内的中密度聚乙烯(“MDPE”)、或密度大于0.94g/cc的高密度聚乙烯(“HDPE”)。这些烯属树脂还包括诸如通过使用单位点茂金属催化剂生产的高压低密度聚乙烯(“HP-LDPE”,均聚物)或乙烯/α-烯烃共聚物的树脂。这些烯属树脂可以统称为聚乙烯。
烯属树脂的改性可以通过例如乙烯与马来酸酐的共聚来实现。聚合技术是下面的共聚单体的常规高压聚合。可参考Trivedi等人的Maleic Anhydride,1982,第3章第3-2节,Polonium Press,New York。这篇论文也涉及接枝。
在各种实施方案中,偶联剂可以是马来酸酐接枝的聚乙烯。在进一步的实施方案中,偶联剂可以是马来酸酐接枝的聚烯烃弹性体。
含有机官能团的化学化合物(例如马来酸酐)可以在偶联剂中以0.05至10、0.05至5或0.1至2重量份/100重量份烯属树脂的量存在。
基于组合物的整个重量,包含用有机官能团改性的烯属树脂的偶联剂可以以至少0重量%、或至少1重量%、或至少2重量%、或至少3重量%、或至少4重量%、或至少5重量%的量存在于组合物中。基于组合物的重量,存在于组合物中的偶联剂的最大量通常不超过12重量%、或者不超过11重量%、或者不超过10重量%、或者不超过9重量%、或者不超过8重量%、或者不超过7重量%。
用于根据本公开的组合物中的抗氧化剂的实例包括但不限于受阻和半受阻酚,例如四[亚甲基(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基氢化肉桂酸酯)]-甲烷、双[(β-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)甲基羧乙基)]硫化物、4,4'-硫代双(2-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚)、4,4'-硫代双(2-叔丁基-5-甲基苯酚)、2,2'-硫代双(4-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚)和硫代二亚乙基双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基)氢化肉桂酸酯;亚磷酸酯和亚膦酸酯,例如亚磷酸三(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)酯和亚膦酸二叔丁基苯酯;硫代化合物例如硫代二丙酸二月桂酯、硫代二丙酸二肉豆蔻酯和硫代二丙酸二硬脂酯;各种硅氧烷;和各种胺,如聚合的2,2,4-三甲基-1,2-二氢喹啉。适合根据本公开使用的抗氧化剂的商业实例包括可得自巴斯夫公司(BASF SE)的IRGANOX TM 1010抗氧化剂。
基于组合物的整个重量,任选的抗氧化剂可以以至少0、至少0.1、或至少0.2重量%的量存在于组合物中。基于组合物的整个重量,组合物中存在的抗氧化剂的最大量通常不超过1.0重量%,或不超过0.7重量%,或不超过0.5重量%。
上述组合物的组分,即无卤阻燃剂、乙烯丙烯酸乙酯共聚物、任选的基于乙烯的聚合物、任选的偶联剂和任选的抗氧化剂可以与其他常规添加剂组合,前提是选择的具体添加剂不会对组合物产生不利影响。
例如,公开的组合物可以进一步包含含硅氧烷基团的化合物,其以1至5重量%存在于组合物中,起到抑烟剂的作用。本公开中使用的含硅氧烷基团的化合物由下式表示:
R—Si—O—(RSiO)n—R—Si—O—R
其中每个R独立地为饱和或不饱和的烷基、芳基或氢原子,并且n为1至5000。典型的基团为甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、苯基、或乙烯基。该硅油也可以是缩水甘油基改性硅油、氨基改性硅油、巯基改性硅油、聚醚改性硅油、羧酸改性硅油或高级脂肪酸改性硅油。硅油的粘度在25℃可以在0.65至1000000厘沲、5000至100000厘沲、或10000至100000厘沲的范围内。该硅油组分可以在制剂中以1至5重量%的量使用。
其他添加剂可以在组分混合之前或期间或者在挤出之前或期间添加到组合物中。这些其它添加剂包括紫外线吸收剂或稳定剂如抗静电剂,颜料,染料,成核剂,增强填料或聚合物添加剂,电阻率改性剂如炭黑,增滑剂,增塑剂,加工助剂,润滑剂,粘度控制剂,增粘剂,防粘连剂,表面活性剂,增量油,金属灭活剂,电压稳定剂,其他阻燃添加剂以及交联促进剂和催化剂。对于每100重量份的树脂,添加剂的添加量可以从小于0.1至大于5重量份。
公开的组合物可以进一步包含以1至4重量%的量存在于组合物中的炭黑母料,其中炭黑(在一些情况下)主要起到UV稳定剂的作用。炭黑母料可以是例如DQNA-0013炭黑母料,其是乙烯乙酸乙烯酯炭黑(40%)母料。
在一个实施方案中,组合物是热塑性的。即,其中各种树脂未交联至熔体流动性受损的点的那种。这通常通过保持低于30重量%、优选地低于10重量%、最优选地低于3重量%的凝胶含量(通过在沸腾的十氢化萘中萃取来测量)来确保。
如果需要,各种树脂可以以常规方式交联。通常用有机过氧化物完成交联,其中关于接枝提到了其实例。对于每100重量份树脂,交联剂的用量可以在0.5至4重量份有机过氧化物的范围内,并且优选在1至3重量份的范围内。根据已知技术,交联还可以受辐射或湿气影响,或者在模具中。过氧化物交联温度可以在150-210℃的范围内,并且优选在170-210℃的范围内。
树脂也可以制成可水解的,以便它们可以湿固化。这是通过在有机过氧化物存在下用例如链烯基三烷氧基硅烷接枝树脂来完成的(上面提到实例),其充当自由基生成剂。有用的链烯基三烷氧基硅烷包括乙烯基三烷氧基硅烷,如乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷和乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷。链烯基和烷氧基可以具有1至30个碳原子并且优选具有1至12个碳原子。可水解聚合物在硅烷醇缩合催化剂如二月桂酸二丁基锡、马来酸二辛基锡、乙酸亚锡、辛酸亚锡、环烷酸铅、辛酸锌、2-乙基己酸铁和其它金属羧酸盐的存在下湿固化。有机过氧化物可以与上述用于交联的那些相同。
还可以使用BANBURYTM混合机、HENSCHELTM混合机、捏合机、多螺杆挤出机或连续混合机将组合物混合并捏合以获得均匀混合的组合物。
树脂组合物可以被混合并且用树脂组合物涂覆的电缆可以在各种类型的挤出机中制备,其中一些在US 4814135、US 4857600、US 5076988和US 5153382中描述。各种类型的单螺杆和双螺杆挤出机以及聚合物熔体泵和挤出方法通常将适用于实现本公开的过程。典型的挤出机(通常称为制造挤出机)将在其上游端具有固体进料斗并在其下游端具有熔体成型模具。进料斗将未熔融的塑料送入含有加工螺杆的机筒的进料部,该加工螺杆将塑料熔融并最终将塑料熔体泵送通过成型模具。在下游端,在螺杆末端和模具之间,通常有滤网组件和模具或多孔板。制造挤出机通常完成固体输送和压缩、塑料助熔、熔体混合和熔体泵送的机制,尽管一些两级配置使用单独的熔体进料挤出机或用于熔体泵送机构的熔体泵设备。挤出机桶配有桶加热和冷却零件,用于启动和改善稳态温度控制。现代设备通常包含多个加热/冷却区域,从后部进料区开始,并将机筒和下游成型模具分段。每个桶的长径比在15:1至30:1的范围内。
如将在下面讨论并且在实施例中说明的,根据本公开的组合物的优点在于机械性能优于常规产品,同时仍基本上不显示有害气体例如卤素的排放,并且具有良好的裂开的应力/热耐性。
例如,根据本公开的组合物可以表现出至少1450psi、或至少1480psi、或至少1500psi的拉伸强度。此外,组合物可以表现出至少300%、或至少320%、或至少340%的拉伸伸长率。所表现的组合物的未老化拉伸性能可以根据ASTM D638和ISO 527测试程序在压缩模塑样品上测定。
此外,根据本公开的组合物可以进一步显示至少28%、或至少29%、或至少30%的极限氧指数。所显示的组合物的极限氧指数可以根据ASTM D2863-00测试程序来确定。
更进一步地,根据本公开的组合物可进一步显示至少200秒、或少于200秒、或少于100秒、或少于50秒的在10秒火焰后的平均燃烧时间。显示的组合物的在10秒火焰后的极限平均燃烧时间可以根据UL 94测试程序确定。
甚至进一步,根据本公开的组合物表现出大于0.35s.m2/kW的火蔓延指数(“FPI”)。FPI是阻燃性的量度。相对较高的FPI值表明点火时间长和燃烧时放热率低。通过以下等式计算FPI,其中点火时间和最大放热率通过锥形量热计以特定条件(2mm厚的100mm×100mm尺寸板在35kW/m2的热通量下在具有线栅格的支架中)获得。
FPI=点火时间/最大放热率 (1)
平均比吸光面积(“SEA”),单位为m2/kg,是通过锥形量热计测试获得的另一个参数。根据本公开的组合物可以表现出小于280m2/kg的平均SEA,其是每单位质量的烧制样品产生的瞬时烟雾量的量度。平均SEA相对较低表示燃烧时释放的烟少。
更进一步,根据本公开的组合物可进一步表现出不超过2700Pa·s、或2500Pa·s、或2200Pa·s的剪切粘度。表现出的组合物的剪切粘度可以在160℃和100rad s-1下测定。
甚至进一步,根据本公开的组合物可以进一步表现出在160℃和16000Pa的应力下的相对粘度不超过4.0或3.5或3.0。相对粘度计算如下:
ηr=ηc/ηb (2)
其中ηr是相对粘度,ηc是在约16000Pa的应力下的填充化合物的粘度,ηb是在约16000Pa的应力下基础树脂的粘度。
公开的实施例1-3
比较实施例(“CE”)1-3和说明性实施例(“IE”)1-3基于EEA共聚物树脂。在实施例中,EEA共聚物树脂可以商品名AMPLIFY EA 100从陶氏化学公司商购获得。CE4-CE9是基于乙烯乙酸乙烯酯(“EVA”)共聚物树脂共混物的分别具有相同量的填料的对应实施例,该共混物的熔体指数与使用的EEA相似。在实施例中,EVA共聚物树脂共混物是以商品名ELVAX3165和ELVAX 3170购自杜邦公司(E.I.du Pont de Nemours and Company)的树脂的1:1共混物。表1说明了EEA共聚物树脂和EVA共聚物树脂共混物的基本性质。根据以下等式,从各组分的熔体指数(ELVAX 3165为0.7g/10min和ELVAX 3170为2.5g/10min)推出共混物熔体指数:
Lg[共混物的MFI]=W1×Lg[MFI1]+W2×Lg[MFI2] (3)
其中W1和W2分别是聚合物1和2的重量百分比,MFI1和MFI2分别是聚合物1和2的熔体指数。
表1.EEA树脂和EVA树脂共混物的基本性质
实施例中的原料根据表2中的配方称重并且在160℃下加入到布拉本德(brabender)量碗中。从表2的顶部到表2的底部依次将原料添加到碗中。在添加所有原料后,将材料在40rpm下再混合5分钟以获得均匀的混合物。当混合完成时,将混合的材料在145℃下压缩成不同厚度的片(500psi下3分钟加上25000psi下3分钟)用于测试。具体地,在1.25密耳的片上进行极限氧指数(“LOI”)和UL94火焰测试,而T&E和动态振荡剪切则在50密耳片上进行测试。矿物填料的体积百分比由以下等式计算:
(WAl/ρAl+WMg/ρMg+WCa/ρCa)×ρc (4)
其中WAl、WMg、WCa为组合物中氢氧化铝、氢氧化镁和碳酸钙的重量百分比,ρAl、ρMg、ρCa、ρc分别为氢氧化铝、氢氧化镁、碳酸钙和化合物的密度。
表2.IE1–IE3和CE1–CE9的配方
表3.IE1–IE3和CE1–CE9的性能
如表3所示,与CE1-CE9相比,IE1-IE3表现出均衡的机械性能。即,IE1-IE3能够实现大于300%的拉伸伸长率,同时实现大于1450psi的拉伸强度。这些机械性质以前使用包含替代性EEA组成范围(即<27%或大于36%)的组合物例如CE1-CE3或EVA例如CE4-CE9没有实现。
此外,相对于比较实施例,在160℃和约16000Pa应力下IE1-IE3的独特的相对粘度特性(小于或等于4)表明挤出过程中改进的可加工性,同时保持LOI大于或等于28%和拉伸强度大于或等于1450psi。这清楚地显示在图1中,其表明对于说明性实施例和比较实施例在恒定剪切应力下相对粘度随填料体积分数的变化。
公开的实施例4-6
使用双螺杆挤出机制备以下母料组合物:20.5重量%的EEA AmplifyTM EA 100、10.5重量%的AFFINITYTM KC 8852G树脂、7重量%的AMPLIFYTM GR 216功能聚合物、50重量%的氢氧化铝、5重量%氢氧化镁、5重量%碳酸钙、1.5重量%硅油(60000cSt)、0.3重量%硬脂酸和0.2重量%抗氧化剂IRGANOXTM 1010。该组合物用于制备IE4-IE6、CE10和CE11的组合物,其采用下述程序。
根据表4中的配方称重各组分并在160℃下将其添加到布拉本德(brabender)碗中,添加顺序从表4的顶部到表4的底部。各个组分的所得量显示在表4中。在加入所有原料后,将材料以40rpm再混合5分钟以获得均匀的混合物。当混合完成时,将混合的材料在145℃下压缩成不同厚度的片(500psi下3分钟加上25000psi下3分钟)用于测试。具体地,在1.25密耳的片上进行极限氧指数(“LOI”)和UL94火焰测试,而T&E和动态振荡剪切则在50密耳片上进行测试。
表4.IE4–IE6、CE10和CE11的配方
表5.IE4-IE6、CE10和CE11的性能
如表5所示,与CE10和CE11相比,IE4-IE6具有均衡的机械性质。即,IE4-IE6能够实现大于330%的拉伸伸长率,同时实现大于1650psi的拉伸强度。这些机械性能以前使用包含替代性EEA组成范围(即<27%或大于36%)的组合物如CE10和CE11没有实现。
Claims (14)
1.一种组合物,其包含:
42-54重量%的无卤阻燃剂,所述无卤阻燃剂为氢氧化铝、氢氧化镁和碳酸钙的混合物;
26-46重量%的乙烯丙烯酸烷基酯共聚物;
1-15重量%的基于乙烯的聚合物;
0-12重量%的偶联剂;和
0-1.0重量%的抗氧化剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其中所述组合物表现出大于300%的拉伸伸长率、大于1450psi的拉伸强度以及在160℃和16000Pa的应力下的不超过4.0的相对粘度。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的组合物,其中所述基于乙烯的聚合物包含衍生自乙烯和C3至C12α-烯烃的亚单元。
4.根据权利要求3所述的组合物,其中所述基于乙烯的聚合物具有1-10g/10min的熔体指数(I2)。
5.根据权利要求3所述的组合物,其中所述基于乙烯的聚合物具有0.86-0.96g/cc的密度。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的组合物,其中所述偶联剂是马来酸酐接枝的聚合物。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的组合物,其中所述抗氧化剂选自受阻和半受阻酚、亚磷酸酯和亚膦酸酯、硫代化合物、硅氧烷、胺以及其两种或更多种的组合。
8.根据权利要求1或2所述的组合物,其还包含相对于每100重量份所述组合物为0.1-5重量份的至少一种选自下述的添加剂:紫外线吸收剂或稳定剂、抗静电剂、颜料、染料、成核剂、电阻率改性剂、增滑剂、增塑剂、加工助剂、润滑剂、粘度控制剂、增粘剂、防粘连剂、表面活性剂、增量油、金属灭活剂、电压稳定剂、填料、其他阻燃添加剂、以及交联促进剂和催化剂及其两种或更多种的组合。
9.根据权利要求1或2所述的组合物,其还包含相对于每100重量份所述组合物为1至5重量份的硅氧烷聚合物。
10.根据权利要求1或2所述的组合物,其还包含相对于每100重量份所述组合物为1至4重量份的紫外线稳定剂。
11.一种电缆绝缘层,其包含权利要求1至10中任一项所述的组合物。
12.一种电缆保护外护套,其包含权利要求1至10中任一项所述的组合物。
13.一种电缆芯护鞘,其包含权利要求1至10中任一项所述的组合物。
14.一种包括电导体和通信介质的电缆,其中所述电导体和通信介质中的至少一种被包含权利要求1至10中任一项所述的组合物的护鞘包围。
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2017
- 2017-01-31 EP EP17707711.2A patent/EP3423519B1/en active Active
- 2017-01-31 CN CN201780011548.8A patent/CN108699282B/zh active Active
- 2017-01-31 KR KR1020187025739A patent/KR102753907B1/ko active Active
- 2017-01-31 MX MX2018010424A patent/MX2018010424A/es unknown
- 2017-01-31 JP JP2018542750A patent/JP6975718B2/ja active Active
- 2017-01-31 CA CA3015614A patent/CA3015614C/en active Active
- 2017-01-31 US US16/069,223 patent/US10472506B2/en active Active
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KR102753907B1 (ko) | 2025-01-14 |
EP3423519B1 (en) | 2023-09-13 |
US20190031868A1 (en) | 2019-01-31 |
CN108699282A (zh) | 2018-10-23 |
JP6975718B2 (ja) | 2021-12-01 |
WO2017151256A1 (en) | 2017-09-08 |
BR112018016232A2 (pt) | 2019-01-02 |
CA3015614C (en) | 2024-01-02 |
US10472506B2 (en) | 2019-11-12 |
MX2018010424A (es) | 2018-11-09 |
KR20180117117A (ko) | 2018-10-26 |
CA3015614A1 (en) | 2017-09-08 |
JP2019513159A (ja) | 2019-05-23 |
EP3423519A1 (en) | 2019-01-09 |
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