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CN107306946B - Egg yolk oil pesticide and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

Egg yolk oil pesticide and preparation method and application thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107306946B
CN107306946B CN201710325878.6A CN201710325878A CN107306946B CN 107306946 B CN107306946 B CN 107306946B CN 201710325878 A CN201710325878 A CN 201710325878A CN 107306946 B CN107306946 B CN 107306946B
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oil
egg yolk
pesticide
plant
egg
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CN107306946A (en
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杨合法
李季
张泽宇
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China Agricultural University
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
    • A01N25/30—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests characterised by the surfactants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G13/00—Protection of plants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
    • A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
    • A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
    • A01N65/20—Fabaceae or Leguminosae [Pea or Legume family], e.g. pea, lentil, soybean, clover, acacia, honey locust, derris or millettia
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Plant Pathology (AREA)
  • Dentistry (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Mycology (AREA)
  • Natural Medicines & Medicinal Plants (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供了一种蛋黄油农药，所述蛋黄油农药的有效成分包括植物油和卵黄；所述植物油为菜籽油、花生油、橄榄油、胡麻油、芝麻油、玉米油、蓖麻油、大豆油、棉籽油、米糠油、葵花籽油中的一种或多种，所述卵黄为鸡蛋黄、鹅蛋黄、鸭蛋黄、鸽蛋黄中的一种或多种。本发明还提供所述蛋黄油农药的制备和应用。植物油含有丰富的脂肪酸，可在植株表面形成乳化膜，使白粉虱的口器无法刺透植株，白粉病的子囊孢子无法穿透植株进行侵染。乳化膜同样可以增加其它生物源农药如苦参碱，除虫菊药剂在叶面的附着度，从而增加药效。鸡蛋卵黄为植株提供了丰富的营养物质，促进植株的生长。The invention provides an egg yolk oil pesticide, the active ingredients of the egg yolk oil pesticide include vegetable oil and egg yolk; the vegetable oil is rapeseed oil, peanut oil, olive oil, flax oil, sesame oil, corn oil, castor oil, soybean oil, cottonseed oil One or more of oil, rice bran oil, and sunflower oil, and the egg yolk is one or more of egg yolk, goose egg yolk, duck egg yolk, and pigeon egg yolk. The present invention also provides the preparation and application of the egg yolk oil pesticide. Vegetable oil is rich in fatty acids, which can form an emulsified film on the surface of the plant, so that the mouthparts of the whitefly cannot penetrate the plant, and the ascospores of powdery mildew cannot penetrate the plant for infection. The emulsion film can also increase the adhesion of other biological pesticides such as matrine and pyrethrum on the leaves, thereby increasing the efficacy. Egg yolk provides plants with rich nutrients and promotes plant growth.

Description

Egg yolk oil pesticide and preparation method and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to a pesticide for preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests, and a preparation method and an application method of the pesticide.
Background
In recent years, with the development of facility agriculture, the planting area of cucurbit economic crops is gradually enlarged, and among the cucurbit economic crops, such as cucumbers, loofah, watermelons and the like, the cucurbit economic crops play a very important role in the market, and therefore, the cucurbit economic crops are also main economic crops planted in a protected area in agriculture.
The trialeurodes vaporariorum and the powdery mildew are two kinds of pests with serious damage to vegetables in a protected area, and the trialeurodes vaporariorum is also called as a small white moth and is an important pest for planting crops in a greenhouse. The adult aleyrodids excreta affect the plant respiration, and the aleyrodids secrete honeydew on the plant leaf back to cause fungus reproduction, thereby reducing the quality of vegetables and fruits. The existing prevention measures mainly comprise the steps of eradicating insect sources during seedling raising or field planting, releasing artificially propagated encarsia formosa, and spraying the pyriproxyfen or the prometryn missible oil at the initial generation stage of the whitefly. The protected area may be fumigated with a dichlorvos fumigant in combination with a spray.
Powdery mildew is a fungal disease and is one of the main diseases of the middle and later growth stages of cucumbers. At present, the main control method for powdery mildew is to apply medicaments such as thiophanate methyl and the like for control, but the problems of pesticide residue of agricultural products, plant drug resistance and the like caused by the medicaments cause attention of scholars; measures such as grafting disease prevention, crop rotation and stubble replacement in the agricultural control method are limited by the shortage of land resources, and the control cost is high, so that the application of the biological source pesticide is the best choice for controlling powdery mildew and trialeurodes vaporariorum. The patent discloses a preparation method of an egg yolk oil pesticide, which has an obvious effect of preventing and treating whitefly and powdery mildew.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the field, the invention aims to provide an egg yolk oil pesticide, and preparation and application thereof.
The technical scheme for realizing the above purpose of the invention is as follows:
an egg yolk oil pesticide comprises effective components of vegetable oil and egg yolk;
the vegetable oil is one or more of rapeseed oil, peanut oil, olive oil, linseed oil, sesame oil, corn oil, castor oil, soybean oil, cottonseed oil, rice bran oil and sunflower seed oil, and the yolk is one or more of egg yolk, goose yolk, duck yolk and pigeon yolk.
Wherein the mass ratio of the vegetable oil to the yolk in the egg yolk oil pesticide is 1: 0.1 to 10.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the vegetable oil to the yolk in the egg yolk oil pesticide is 1: 0.1 to 2.
Optionally, the egg oil pesticide further comprises an auxiliary material, wherein the auxiliary material is one or more of water, a surfactant, a filler and a stabilizer; the surfactant is selected from one or more of emulsifier OP-10, sodium dodecyl sulfate, emulsifier OP-21, agricultural emulsifier No. 600 and agricultural emulsifier BY130, the filler is one or more of malic acid, calcium carbonate, maltodextrin and attapulgite, and the stabilizer is one of xanthan gum, potassium sorbate or sodium benzoate; the addition amount of the auxiliary materials is 100-500 times of the mass of the effective components.
The preparation method of the egg yolk oil pesticide comprises the steps of mixing the effective components in proportion, stirring uniformly, and adding the auxiliary materials before application.
Further, the effective components are mixed according to a proportion and stirred evenly, and are diluted by water by 200-500 times before application.
The egg yolk oil pesticide disclosed by the invention is applied to control of plant whitefly and powdery mildew.
Wherein the plant is cucurbitaceae commercial crop, solanaceae commercial crop and cruciferae commercial crop.
Further, when whitefly and/or powdery mildew diseases occur to plants, the egg yolk oil pesticide is applied to the leaf surfaces of the plants, 5-30 mL of the egg yolk oil pesticide is sprayed to each plant, the egg yolk oil pesticide is sprayed once a week, and the egg yolk oil pesticide is continuously sprayed for 1-6 weeks;
or the yolk oil pesticide is used for preventing whitefly and powdery mildew of plants, and the yolk oil pesticide is applied to the leaf surfaces of the plants according to the dosage of 5-30 mL of each plant.
Preferably, the egg oil pesticide is applied to a commercial crop planted in a greenhouse.
The preferable technical scheme of the invention is that the egg oil pesticide and the matrine or the pyrethrum medicament are applied in a compounding way.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
vegetable oil is a compound obtained by combining unsaturated fatty acid and glycerin, is widely distributed in nature, and is oil extracted from plant fruits and seeds, such as peanut oil, soybean oil, rapeseed oil, and the like. The vegetable oil contains rich fatty acid, and the fat is a rich nutrient source for plants and provides nutrient substances for the plants. Meanwhile, the fatty acid can form an emulsion film on the surface of the plant, so that the mouthparts of the trialeurodes vaporariorum cannot pierce through the plant, and the ascospores of powdery mildew cannot pierce through the plant to infect. The emulsion film can also increase the adhesion of other biogenic pesticides such as matrine and pyrethrum on the leaf surface, thereby increasing the drug effect. The egg yolk provides rich nutrient substances for plants, the egg yolk oil is an organic crop protection material for emulsifying edible oil by using egg yolk, the application of the egg yolk oil to protect crops is wide in the aspect of organic crop protection, and the egg yolk oil has obvious effects of preventing and treating diseases and insect pests such as powdery mildew, whitefly, aphid and the like. And meanwhile, the egg yolk oil is used as a good emulsifier, so that the pesticide can be uniformly dispersed, and the egg yolk oil is an ideal pesticide auxiliary agent.
In conclusion, the egg yolk oil pesticide provided by the invention has wide development and application prospects.
Detailed Description
The following examples further illustrate the present invention but are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Modifications or substitutions to methods, procedures, or conditions of the invention may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Example 1:
the vegetable oil is soybean oil, and the yolk is egg yolk.
Mixing vegetable oil and yolk according to the mass ratio of 1:0.5, and stirring. Before application, the plant extract is diluted by 300 times with water, uniformly sprayed according to the dosage of 15g per plant, and sprayed once per week.
The cucumber planted in the greenhouse is applied at the early stage of whitefly emergence (each plant has 2-3 adults), and the control effect reaches 100% after the whitefly is completely eliminated after four weeks. No powdery mildew was observed in the greenhouse after application.
Compared with cucumber with pesticide control (comparative example 1), the yield is increased by about 10%, and the produced cucumber has no pesticide residue.
Comparative example 1
The cucumber planted in the greenhouse is applied with 1000 times of 10% of chlorpheniramine maleate emulsifiable solution at the early generation stage of the whitefly (each plant has 2-3 adults), the whitefly is completely eliminated after four weeks, and the control effect reaches 100%.
But methicillin was able to detect residues on cucumber.
Example 2: test for controlling powdery mildew of cucumber
The ratio of vegetable oil to yolk is 1:0.5, 1:1, and a blank control (clear water). The tested cucumber variety is vinc-stichopus japonicus, and the tested cucumber variety is sowed in plastic seedling pots filled with sowing substrates, wherein 1 cucumber seedling is sowed in each pot in a greenhouse at the temperature of 20-25 ℃.
The tested strain is fresh diseased leaves picked in a greenhouse of vegetable and flower institute of agricultural science and research in China.
In the epidemic period of powdery mildew, cucumber diseased leaves with typical powdery mildew spots are collected, old spores on the leaves are brushed off, fresh spores growing on the leaves are brushed by a clean writing brush to be placed in a beaker filled with sterile water, spore suspension is prepared, and powdery mildew is inoculated by a spraying method.
The mixed preparation of vegetable oil and yolk is respectively diluted to 300 by water, and is uniformly sprayed according to the dosage of 15g per plant by taking clear water as a control, and the mixed preparation is sprayed once per week. Each treatment was set in triplicate.
Grading criteria for greenhouse disease grade are shown in table 1.
Table 1: grade classification standard
Figure BDA0001291155180000041
The drug effect calculation method comprises the following steps:
disease index [ sigma (number of plants per disease grade × grade number)/(total number of plants × highest grade number) ] × 100 (1)
Control effect (%) - (1) [ (CK0 × PT1)/(CK1 × PT0) ] × 100 (2)
In formula (2): CK0 is disease index before drug administration in blank control zone;
CK1 is disease index after drug administration in the blank control area;
PT0 is disease index before drug administration in drug treatment area;
PT1 is the disease index after administration to the agent treatment area.
The test results are shown in Table 2.
Table 2: test results for controlling powdery mildew of cucumber
Figure BDA0001291155180000051
The experimental results show that, 1:0.5 and 1: the formula 1 has obvious control effect on powdery mildew, and the ratio of vegetable oil to egg yolk is 1:1 is the best mixture ratio.
Example 3:
the vegetable oil is rapeseed oil, and the yolk is egg yolk.
Mixing vegetable oil and yolk according to the mass ratio of 1:1, and stirring. Before application, the plant extract is diluted by 300 times with water, uniformly sprayed according to the dosage of 15g per plant, and sprayed once per week.
The cucumber planted in the greenhouse is applied in the severe period of the trialeurodes vaporariorum, and the prevention and control effect on the trialeurodes vaporariorum reaches 70% after statistics of four weeks. No powdery mildew was observed in the greenhouse after application.
Example 4:
the vegetable oil is rapeseed oil, and the yolk is egg yolk.
Mixing vegetable oil and yolk according to the mass ratio of 1:1.5, and stirring. Before application, the plant extract is diluted by 300 times with water, uniformly sprayed according to the dosage of 15g per plant, and sprayed once per week.
The cucumber planted in the greenhouse is applied in the severe period of the trialeurodes vaporariorum, and the control effect on the trialeurodes vaporariorum reaches 80% after four weeks. No powdery mildew was observed in the greenhouse after application.
Example 5:
the vegetable oil is rapeseed oil, and the yolk is egg yolk.
Mixing vegetable oil and yolk according to the mass ratio of 1:1, and stirring. Before application, the plant is diluted by 300 times by water and evenly sprayed according to the dosage of 15g per plant. Spraying once a week.
The eggplants planted in the greenhouse are applied at the initial stage of whiteflies, and the control effect on the whiteflies reaches 80 percent after statistics of four weeks. No powdery mildew was observed in the greenhouse after application.
Example 6:
the vegetable oil is rapeseed oil, and the yolk is egg yolk.
Mixing vegetable oil and yolk according to the mass ratio of 1:1, and stirring. Before application, the plant is diluted by 300 times by water and evenly sprayed according to the dosage of 15g per plant. Spraying once a week.
The broccoli planted in the greenhouse is applied at the initial stage of the whitefly occurrence, and the control effect on the whitefly reaches 70% after four weeks. No powdery mildew was observed in the greenhouse after application.
Example 7:
the vegetable oil is rapeseed oil, and the yolk is egg yolk.
Mixing vegetable oil and yolk according to the mass ratio of 1:1, and stirring. Before application, the plant is diluted by 300 times by water and evenly sprayed according to the dosage of 15g per plant. Spraying once a week.
The cucumber planted in the greenhouse is applied in the severe period of powdery mildew, and the control effect on the whitefly is up to 100% and 94.1% after four weeks of statistics.
The above examples are only for describing the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements made to the technical solution of the present invention by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. The application of the egg yolk oil pesticide in preventing and controlling plant whitefly and simultaneously improving plant yield is characterized in that the effective components of the egg yolk oil pesticide comprise plant oil and egg yolk;
the vegetable oil is soybean oil, and the yolk is egg yolk; the mass ratio of the vegetable oil to the yolk in the egg yolk oil pesticide is 1: 0.5;
the preparation method of the egg oil pesticide comprises the following steps: mixing the effective components in proportion, stirring uniformly, and diluting with water by 200-500 times before application;
when whitefly diseases occur to plants, the egg yolk oil pesticide is applied to the leaf surfaces of the plants, 5-30 g of the egg yolk oil pesticide is sprayed to each plant, the egg yolk oil pesticide is sprayed once a week, and the egg yolk oil pesticide is continuously sprayed for 1-6 weeks;
or the yolk oil pesticide is used for preventing plant trialeurodes vaporariorum, and the yolk oil pesticide is applied to the leaf surfaces of the plants according to the dosage of 5-30 g per plant.
2. The use according to claim 1, wherein the egg oil pesticide further comprises an auxiliary material, wherein the auxiliary material is one or more of water, a surfactant, a filler and a stabilizer; the surfactant is selected from one or more of emulsifier OP-10, sodium dodecyl sulfate, emulsifier OP-21, agricultural emulsifier No. 600 and agricultural emulsifier BY130, the filler is one or more of malic acid, calcium carbonate, maltodextrin and attapulgite, and the stabilizer is one of xanthan gum, potassium sorbate or sodium benzoate; the addition amount of the auxiliary materials is 100-500 times of the mass of the effective components.
3. The use according to claim 1, wherein the plant is a cucurbitaceae commercial crop, a solanaceae commercial crop, and a cruciferae commercial crop.
4. The use according to claim 1, wherein the egg oil pesticide is applied to greenhouse-planted cash crops.
5. The use according to claim 1, wherein the egg oil pesticide is applied in combination with matrine or pyrethrum agent.
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