CN101433213A - Biological pesticide for preventing and treating powdery mildew and uses thereof - Google Patents
Biological pesticide for preventing and treating powdery mildew and uses thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN101433213A CN101433213A CNA2008102467304A CN200810246730A CN101433213A CN 101433213 A CN101433213 A CN 101433213A CN A2008102467304 A CNA2008102467304 A CN A2008102467304A CN 200810246730 A CN200810246730 A CN 200810246730A CN 101433213 A CN101433213 A CN 101433213A
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- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 240000008067 Cucumis sativus Species 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 235000010799 Cucumis sativus var sativus Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 230000000853 biopesticidal effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 210000002969 egg yolk Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
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- 108010000912 Egg Proteins Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 9
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- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 claims abstract 2
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- 239000005842 Thiophanate-methyl Substances 0.000 abstract description 17
- 230000003449 preventive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 17
- QGHREAKMXXNCOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiophanate-methyl Chemical compound COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC QGHREAKMXXNCOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 17
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 abstract description 14
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 7
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- FJJCIZWZNKZHII-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4,6-bis(cyanoamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]cyanamide Chemical compound N#CNC1=NC(NC#N)=NC(NC#N)=N1 FJJCIZWZNKZHII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 208000031888 Mycoses Diseases 0.000 description 1
- HPUXDMUGCAWDFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Osthole Natural products COc1ccc2CCC(=O)Oc2c1C=CC(=O)C HPUXDMUGCAWDFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000233679 Peronosporaceae Species 0.000 description 1
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- 244000098338 Triticum aestivum Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000700605 Viruses Species 0.000 description 1
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- 210000003278 egg shell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
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- MBRLOUHOWLUMFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N osthole Chemical compound C1=CC(=O)OC2=C(CC=C(C)C)C(OC)=CC=C21 MBRLOUHOWLUMFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change
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- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种防治白粉病的生物农药。该生物农药的活性成分包括蛋黄和植物油。用本发明的生物农药分别进行黄瓜白粉病的预防和治疗实验，结果表明，本发明的生物农药对黄瓜白粉病的预防效果分别达到100％(DY组)、 97％(GY组)和89.64％(YY组)，好于甲基托布津的预防效果81.98％。无论是预防还是治疗实验，本发明的生物农药的持效期都比较长。且植物油和蛋黄来源丰富、成本低，对人体无害，还不污染环境、不存在农药残留等问题，在黄瓜的绿色食品生产上具有很高经济意义和实验价值，可以适应和保证农业可持续发展和全人类可持续发展战略的全面实施。The invention discloses a biological pesticide for preventing and treating powdery mildew. The active ingredients of the biopesticide include egg yolk and vegetable oil. Carry out the prevention and treatment experiment of cucumber powdery mildew with biopesticide of the present invention respectively, the result shows, the preventive effect of biopesticide of the present invention to cucumber powdery mildew reaches 100% (DY group), 97% (GY group) and 89.64% respectively (YY group), 81.98% better than the preventive effect of thiophanate-methyl. Whether it is a prevention or a treatment experiment, the biopesticide of the present invention has a relatively long duration of action. Moreover, vegetable oil and egg yolk are rich in sources, low in cost, harmless to human body, do not pollute the environment, and do not have problems such as pesticide residues. They have high economic significance and experimental value in the production of cucumber green food, and can adapt to and ensure sustainable agriculture. development and the full implementation of the sustainable development strategy for all mankind.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of biopesticide and application thereof that prevents and treats powdery mildew.
Background technology
Common disease has climing rot, green statin mosaic virus, gray mold, downy mildew, stalk break and powdery mildew etc. in the melon production in north cold area greenhouse, and wherein, the most difficult control is powdery mildew.Powdery mildew is the main disease of ground family crop of causing harm; especially under the situation of facility cultivation; in case morbidity; the state of an illness will develop rapidly; output to watermelon, muskmelon, pumpkin, custard squash, cucumber and sponge gourd causes very big threat, is the most ticklish disease in the melon production in northern greenhouse, in recent years; along with the development of protection ground cultivation, powdery mildew causes harm more and more serious.
Powdery mildew of cucumber is a kind of fungal disease, and pathogen is powdery mildew Sphaerotheca fuliginea (Schl.) Poll, and powdery mildew Sphaerotheca fuliginea (Schl.) Poll belongs to Ascomycotina, Erysiphales, single softgel shell Pseudomonas.Powdery mildew is a kind of worldwide disease, and report was promptly arranged as far back as 1800.Except cucumber, various gourd vegetables all have the generation of powdery mildew, wherein are injured the heaviest with cucumber, muskmelon, custard squash and pumpkin; Open country and protection ground cultivation all generally take place, because that the indoor temperature and humidity conditions of canopy helps the generation of powdery mildew is popular, so that greenhouse, protection ground, greenhouse cultivation are injured is the heaviest, and the lighter's underproduction 20%～30%, heavy person's underproduction reaches more than 70%.Along with the production-scale continuous expansion of protection ground vegetables, powdery mildew has the trend that expands.
The control of powdery mildew is mainly taked to select for use disease-resistant variety, is strengthened comprehensive preventive health measuress such as cultivation management, chemical control and biological control.At present, mainly based on chemical control, adopt sprayed various bactericide more to the control of this disease, can receive good preventive effect in short time, but under situation about using continuously, easily bring out the pesticide resistance of pathogen, make drug effect reduce, also exist simultaneously problems such as contaminated environment and residue of pesticide.The long-term chemical pesticide that uses not only pollutes the environment, and the inside and outside residual agricultural chemicals of plant corpus also can directly influence human beings'health.After the raising of living standards of the people, particularly China joined WTO, the demand of green non-pollution food is increased gradually, therefore, in the control of damage by disease and insect, to accomplish fewly with agricultural chemicals, without agricultural chemicals as far as possible, perhaps use low toxicity, few residual agricultural chemicals.
Biopesticide is meant the agricultural chemicals that utilizes the living resources exploitation, and biocontrol microorganisms has been used to prevent and treat the research of powdery mildew of cucumber.The biopesticide that is used for the powdery mildew of cucumber control at present mainly contains bacterial parasite-place powdery mildew (Ampelomyces quisqualis), Verticillium lecanii (Verticillium lecanii), mould (Sporothrixflocculosa) or the bacillus subtilis (Bacillus subtilis) of powdery mildew.Existing utilize pesticide corrosion 120 control wheat powdery mildew, utilize streptomycete to prevent and treat powdery mildew of cucumber and utilize the report of osthole for preventing and treating powdery mildew of cucumber etc.Biopesticide since its selectivity by force, do not produce " public hazards ", be difficult for developing immunity to drugs, rich raw material sources, production technology is simple and be easy to advantage such as popularization, and have broad spectrum activity, efficient, safety, with characteristics such as Environmental compatibility is good, proportion will become one of focus of 21 century agricultural chemicals development with increasing in agricultural chemicals.Along with the raising of the enhancing of people's environmental consciousness, national quality and modern high technology in the agricultural production application field and infiltration, the application of pesticide developing research field, the development and utilization of biopesticide will obtain high speed development, the promotion and application of biopesticide will make the level of agricultural production of new century be improved fast, thereby adapt to and guarantee implementing in full of agricultural sustainable development and whole mankind's strategy of sustainable development.Therefore, be necessary to seek a kind of safe and effective, can reduce the dependent biopesticide of preventing and treating powdery mildew of chemical pesticide.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of biopesticide of preventing and treating powdery mildew.
The biopesticide of preventing and treating powdery mildew provided by the present invention, its active component comprises yolk and vegetable oil.
In the above-mentioned biopesticide, the proportioning of described yolk and described vegetable oil is a 20-26g yolk: the 250mL vegetable oil.
In the above-mentioned biopesticide, described vegetable oil is soybean oil (DY), olive oil (GY) or corn oil (YY), specifically can be soybean oil.
Described yolk specifically can be the yolk of egg.
Biopesticide provided by the present invention also can only be made up of described yolk and described vegetable oil.
Another object of the present invention provides a kind of method of preventing and treating powdery mildew.
Method of preventing and treating powdery mildew provided by the present invention is that above-mentioned biopesticide is administered on the plant, makes powdery mildew obtain control.
Described plant specifically can be cucumber.
Biopesticide provided by the present invention can be used for the control of powdery mildew.Be specially adapted to the control of powdery mildew of cucumber.
Carry out the prevention and the treatment experiment of powdery mildew of cucumber respectively with the biopesticide of preventing and treating powdery mildew of the present invention, the result shows, powdery mildew of cucumber has produced serious pesticide resistance to thiophanate methyl, continue only to use and to improve the selection pressure of germ colony this medicament, thereby cause responsive colony fewer and feweri, and resistance colony sharply rise.In the potted plant experiment, biopesticide of the present invention reaches 100% (DY), 97% (GY) and 89.64% (YY) respectively to the preventive effect of powdery mildew of cucumber, is better than the preventive effect 81.98% of thiophanate methyl; In the potted plant experiment, biopesticide of the present invention reaches 96.48% (DY), 87.31% (YY) and 48.89% (GY) respectively to the result of treatment of powdery mildew of cucumber, also is better than the result of treatment 28.42% of thiophanate methyl; In the booth experiment, biopesticide of the present invention reaches 71.75% (DY), 46.93% (GY) and 43.83% (YY) respectively to the result of treatment of powdery mildew of cucumber, is better than the result of treatment 37.72% of thiophanate methyl; And it is best to the prevention and the result of treatment of powdery mildew of cucumber by the biopesticide that yolk and soybean oil are formed.No matter biopesticide of the present invention is prevention or treatment experiment, and the lasting period is all long.
Vegetable oil and yolk source is abundant, cost is low, harmless, free from environmental pollution, do not have problem such as residue of pesticide, in the pollution-free food production of cucumber, have very high economic implications and experimental value, can adapt to and guarantee implementing in full of agricultural sustainable development and whole mankind's strategy of sustainable development.
Embodiment
Experimental technique described in the following embodiment if no special instructions, is conventional method; Described reagent and biomaterial if no special instructions, all can obtain from commercial channels.
Embodiment 1, the preparation of biopesticide that prevents and treats powdery mildew and prevention thereof and result of treatment experiment
1, prevents and treats the preparation of the biopesticide of powdery mildew
Break earlier egg shell gently and absorb egg white, remaining yolk is put into beaker, the broken yolk of medication spoon; In 20-26g yolk, add 250mL soybean oil, 250mL corn oil and 250mL olive oil then respectively, evenly stir, till vegetable oil and the even mixing of yolk, obtain preventing and treating the biopesticide of powdery mildew, yolk and soybean oil are mixed the biopesticide called after DY that obtains, biopesticide called after GY with yolk and mixed with olive oil obtain mixes the biopesticide called after YY that obtains with yolk and corn oil, and to mix the back standby with the water of 400 times of volumes respectively with DY, GY and YY.
2, potted plant experimental verification biopesticide is to the preventive effect of powdery mildew
To improve Da Ye three cucumber seeds (available from the agricultural vegetable seeds of Jilin benefit firm) vernalization 24 hours in 25 ℃ of incubators, sow then in the plastics nutritive cube of black loam is housed, when treating that it grows to 3-5 exhibition leaf, spray above-mentioned steps 1 respectively and prepare also three kinds of biopesticides of 400 times of dilutions, simultaneously with spray equal-volume through the cucumber of the thiophanate methyl WP of 70% quality percentage composition of 800 times of dilutions (available from Shandong Cao Da chemical industry Co., Ltd) as positive control, with the cucumber that sprays the equal-volume clear water as blank.Each handles 6 basins, and spray date is spaced apart ten days, sprays medicine altogether 3 times.Spraying for the first time medicine finishes back second day inoculation powdery mildew Sphaerotheca fuliginea (Schl.) Poll (this powdery mildew is the bacterial strain that the cucumber plant of natural occurrence from Northeast Agricultural University's gardening station green house of vegetables is gathered, and after microscopic examination, confirm as powdery mildew Sphaerotheca fuliginea), adopt mounting method and xerospore powder powder injection process to connect bacterium, postvaccinal cucumber seedling carries out cultivation management under the condition of simulation booth temp. and humidity.Spray the 10th day grade scale investigation incidence according to powdery mildew of cucumber behind the medicine for the third time, and calculate the disease index and the preventive effect of every kind of processing, the grade scale of morbidity severity is as shown in table 1, and the computational methods of disease index, preventive effect are as follows:
Table 1 morbidity severity grade scale
Disease index=[∑ (the sick number of sheets * appropriate level at different levels)/(investigating the total number of sheets * highest level)] * 100;
Preventive effect=(1-processed group disease index/control group disease index) * 100%.
Three repetitions are established in experiment, and each processed group is as shown in table 2 to the preventive effect of the powdery mildew of cucumber that cucumber powdery mildew fungus Sphaerotheca fuliginea (Schl.) Poll causes.
Each processed group of table 2 is to the preventive effect of powdery mildew of cucumber
In the table 2, a, b, c are illustrated respectively in P
0.05Significant difference under the condition, A, B, C are illustrated respectively in P
0.01Significant difference under the condition.As can be seen from Table 2, the disease index of 3 kinds of biopesticide processed group all is lower than 3.00; The preventive effect of DY group and GY group is respectively 100.00% and 97.00%, and difference is not remarkable between the two, all significantly is better than the preventive effect of thiophanate methyl processed group, and difference reaches utmost point significance level; The preventive effect of YY group is 89.64%, has significant difference with the DY group, with GY group significant difference on 0.05 level; The preventive effect of thiophanate methyl processed group is 81.98%, and is extremely remarkable with other 3 kinds of biopesticide processed group differences.The result shows that the biopesticide of above-mentioned steps 1 preparation has better preventive effect than thiophanate methyl.
3, potted plant experimental verification biopesticide is to the result of treatment of powdery mildew
To improve Da Ye three cucumber seeds (available from the agricultural vegetable seeds of Jilin benefit firm) vernalization 24 hours in 25 ℃ of incubators, sow then in the plastics nutritive cube of black loam is housed, when treating that it grows to 3-5 exhibition leaf, (this powdery mildew is the bacterial strain that the cucumber plant of natural occurrence from Northeast Agricultural University's gardening station green house of vegetables is gathered to adopt xerospore powder powder injection process inoculation powdery mildew Sphaerotheca fuliginea (Schl.) Poll, and after microscopic examination, confirm as powdery mildew Sphaerotheca fuliginea), postvaccinal cucumber seedling carries out cultivation management under the condition of simulation booth temp. and humidity.Inoculate after 15 days, the grade scale investigation incidence according to powdery mildew of cucumber calculates disease index, and the grade scale of morbidity severity is as shown in table 1.Evenly spray application to respectively on the above-mentioned cucumber seedling of having inoculated cucumber powdery mildew fungus Sphaerotheca fuliginea (Schl.) Poll with above-mentioned steps 1 preparation and through three kinds of biopesticides of 400 times of dilutions then, with blade fully drenched and not drops physic liquor be advisable, simultaneously with spray equal-volume through the cucumber of the thiophanate methyl WP of 70% quality percentage composition of 800 times of dilutions (available from Shandong Cao Da chemical industry Co., Ltd) as positive control, with the cucumber that sprays the equal-volume clear water as blank.Each handles 6 basins, and spray date is spaced apart ten days, sprays medicine altogether 2 times.The 10th day grade scale (table 1) investigation incidence behind the 2nd the spray medicine according to powdery mildew of cucumber, and calculate the disease index and the result of treatment of every kind of processing, the computational methods of disease index, result of treatment are as follows:
Disease index=[∑ (the sick number of sheets * appropriate level at different levels)/(investigating the total number of sheets * highest level)] * 100;
Result of treatment (%)=[1-(CK
0* Pt
1)/(CK
1* Pt
0)] * 100%.
Wherein, CK
0Be the disease index of blank group before the dispenser, CK
1Be the disease index of blank group after the dispenser, Pt
0Be the disease index of each processed group before the dispenser, Pt
1Disease index for each processed group after the dispenser.
Three repetitions are established in experiment, and each processed group is as shown in table 3 to the result of treatment of the powdery mildew of cucumber that cucumber powdery mildew fungus Sphaerotheca fuliginea (Schl.) Poll causes.
Each processed group of table 3 is to the result of treatment of powdery mildew of cucumber
In the table 3, a, b, c are illustrated respectively in P
0.05Significant difference under the condition, A, B, C are illustrated respectively in P
0.01Significant difference under the condition.As can be seen from Table 3, the result of treatment of DY group and YY group all is higher than 85%, is respectively 96.48% and 87.31%; The result of treatment of GY group and thiophanate methyl processed group is respectively 48.89% and 28.42%.Wherein, the result of treatment of DY group is significantly better than other processed group.In the potted plant experiment, each processed group is as shown in table 4 to the inhibitory action result of powdery mildew of cucumber.
Each processed group of table 4 is to the inhibition or the facilitation effect of powdery mildew of cucumber
The result shows, above-mentioned steps 1 preparation also all has inhibitory action through three kinds of biopesticides of 400 times of dilutions to powdery mildew of cucumber, and powdery mildew of cucumber is not had inhibitory action through the thiophanate methyl WP and the blank of 70% quality percentage composition of 800 times of dilutions, can increase the generation of disease on the contrary; Wherein, DY group and YY group to the result of treatment of powdery mildew of cucumber and inhibitory action significantly better than control group and other processed group.
4, booth experimental verification biopesticide is to the result of treatment of powdery mildew
To improve Da Ye three cucumber seeds (available from the Jilin agricultural vegetable seeds of benefit firm) sowing in booth, after treating the powdery mildew of cucumber natural occurrence, grade scale investigation incidence according to powdery mildew of cucumber calculates disease index, and the grade scale of morbidity severity is as shown in table 1.Then with above-mentioned steps 1 preparation and evenly spray application on the cucumber seedling that powdery mildew has taken place respectively through three kinds of biopesticides of 400 times of dilutions, with blade fully drenched and not drops physic liquor be advisable, simultaneously with spray equal-volume through the cucumber of the thiophanate methyl WP of 70% quality percentage composition of 800 times of dilutions (available from Shandong Cao Da chemical industry Co., Ltd) as positive control, with the cucumber that sprays the equal-volume clear water as blank.Each handles 5 young plants, and spray date is spaced apart ten days, sprays medicine altogether 2 times.The 10th day grade scale (table 1) investigation incidence behind the 2nd the spray medicine according to powdery mildew of cucumber, and calculate the disease index and the result of treatment of every kind of processing, the computational methods of disease index, result of treatment are as follows:
Disease index=[∑ (the sick number of sheets * appropriate level at different levels)/(investigating the total number of sheets * highest level)] * 100;
Result of treatment (%)=[1-(CK
0* Pt
1)/(CK
1* Pt
0)] * 100%.
Wherein, CK
0Be the disease index of blank group before the dispenser, CK
1Be the disease index of blank group after the dispenser, Pt
0Be the disease index of each processed group before the dispenser, Pt
1Disease index for each processed group after the dispenser.
Three repetitions are established in experiment, and each processed group is as shown in table 5 to the result of treatment of the powdery mildew of cucumber that powdery mildew Sphaerotheca fuliginea (Schl.) Poll causes.
Each processed group of table 5 is to the result of treatment of powdery mildew of cucumber
In the table 5, a, b, c are illustrated respectively in P
0.05Significant difference under the condition, A, B, C are illustrated respectively in P
0.01Significant difference under the condition.As can be seen from Table 5, the result of treatment of DY group is 71.75%, all reaches utmost point significance level with GY group, YY group and 70% thiophanate methyl WP group; The result of treatment of YY group and GY group is respectively 46.93% and 43.83%, does not have significant difference with 70% thiophanate methyl WP group.The result of treatment that shows the DY group is significantly better than other processed group.
In the booth experiment, each processed group is as shown in table 6 to the inhibitory action result of powdery mildew of cucumber.
Each processed group of table 6 is to the inhibition or the facilitation effect of powdery mildew of cucumber
The result shows, above-mentioned steps 1 preparation also all has inhibitory action through three kinds of biopesticides of 400 times of dilutions with through the thiophanate methyl WP of 70% quality percentage composition of 800 times of dilutions to powdery mildew of cucumber, wherein, the inhibiting rate of DY group is the highest, reach 60.53%, and the blank group does not have inhibitory action to powdery mildew of cucumber, can increase the generation of disease on the contrary; Though GY group, YY group and 70% thiophanate methyl WP group have certain inhibitory action to powdery mildew of cucumber, obviously reduce than the inhibitory action of DY group to powdery mildew of cucumber.Illustrate DY group to the result of treatment of powdery mildew of cucumber and inhibitory action significantly better than control group and other processed group.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104068067A (en) * | 2014-06-20 | 2014-10-01 | 浙江省农业科学院 | Application of yolk and edible oil mixture to production of reagent for preventing and treating crop diseases and pests |
| CN107306946A (en) * | 2017-05-10 | 2017-11-03 | 中国农业大学 | A kind of egg oil agricultural chemicals and its preparation method and application |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104068067A (en) * | 2014-06-20 | 2014-10-01 | 浙江省农业科学院 | Application of yolk and edible oil mixture to production of reagent for preventing and treating crop diseases and pests |
| CN104068067B (en) * | 2014-06-20 | 2017-01-25 | 浙江省农业科学院 | Application of yolk and edible oil mixture to production of reagent for preventing and treating crop diseases and pests |
| CN107306946A (en) * | 2017-05-10 | 2017-11-03 | 中国农业大学 | A kind of egg oil agricultural chemicals and its preparation method and application |
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