CN107282589B - House refuse cryogenic treatment process - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of methods of house refuse low temperature pyrogenation processing, wherein utilize low temperature pyrogenation, the heat generated during refuse pyrolysis is stored in using heat-storing material, and it is used to continue with new rubbish, therefore does not need the lasting purpose added outside energy and realize continuous refuse pyrolysis.In addition, combining the secondary pollution of processing pyrolysis generation with corona plasma air purifying process using electrical tar precipitator technology, realize that domestic garbage pyrolysis is smokeless, free from extraneous odour is in line.

Description

House refuse cryogenic treatment process

Technical field

It is smokelessly straight more particularly, to a kind of heat accumulating type the present invention relates to house refuse low temperature pyrogenation processing technology field The method for arranging house refuse low temperature pyrogenation.

Background technique

Rubbish is the solid waste generated in mankind's daily life and production.It is clear rapidly that garbage disposal seeks to rubbish It removes, and carries out harmless treatment, be finally subject to reasonable utilization.

Current waste disposal method common in the world mainly has landfill, During High-Temperature Composting and burning etc., these three main rubbish The ratio of rubbish processing mode, because of geographical environment；The factors such as rubbish composition, the level of economic development are different and different from.

Garbage loading embeading will lead to serious geology water and soil pollution.Because the house refuse of the mankind includes many poisonous and harmful Substance and germ, virus and each Heavy Metallic Elements easily endanger the normal existence procreation of the mankind and biology.And During High-Temperature Composting It is difficult to kill a large amount of germs included in house refuse completely using method for disinfection such as common heating or feeding limes, virus, post The pathogen such as infested ovum, these wastes impose on farmland as fertilizer, some germs can survive in the soil the several months long, cause soil Earth and pollution of waterhead threaten the health of the mankind and livestock.

Waste incineration fails to be received by general public always, and disadvantage outstanding behaviours is its contact scar of hiding is heavier, cost Expensive, complicated for operation and waste of resource etc..Hundreds of major pollutants discharged in tail gas from incinerator form extremely multiple It is miscellaneous.Especially dioxin belongs to generally acknowledged level-one carcinogenic substance, can accumulate for a long time in vivo micro.Consumer waste incineration Dioxin in flue gas be in recent years countries in the world institute general concern the problem of.

Dioxin is a kind of extremely toxic substance, and toxicity is equivalent to 130 times of widely known extremely toxic substance cyanide, arsenic 900 times.Largely animal experiments show that, the two of very low concentrations chew English and just show lethal effect to animal.And dioxin Biological half-life it is longer, even if primary contamination can also long-term existence in vivo, if Long Term Contact dioxin can also cause body Interior accumulation may cause serious damage.Therefore, inhibit dioxin generation be also in conventional pyrolytic process one it is insoluble Problem.

Refuse pyrolysis technology is generally had an optimistic view of by various countries environment specialist, it is believed that this is innoxious garbage disposal, minimizing and money One road Tiao Xin in source.Pyrolytic technique is applied to the existing very long history of industrial production, and timber and coal carbonization, heavy oil pyrolysis are raw It produces various fuel oil etc. and all originates from pyrolysis principle.It is external that pyrolysis principle is applied to Solid Waste Treatment, it is external typical Pyrolytic process has moving bed, fire grate bed, rotary kiln, the circulating thermopnore of double tower, external heated fixed-bed etc.；The pyrolysis of domestic rubbish Equipment is restructured on the basis of past coal-burning boiler, mainly include fixed bed, fluidized bed, rotary kiln, ablation bed, Several major class such as molten bath.

The pyrolysis for the industrial applications that succeeded both at home and abroad so far or gasification technology are also extremely limited, especially in rubbish It is even more unsatisfactory in processing.Most of pyrolytic gasification study limitation in experimental stage, many technologies be faced with sport technique segment and Economic benefit etc. problems obstruction.

House refuse ingredient is extremely complex, and some secondary pollutions are inherently generated in pyrolytic process, mainly includes one A little exhaust gas SOx, NOx, CO, HCl, tar and some traces or the pollutant of ultra trace such as heavy metal (Pb, Cd, Hg etc.), two Dislike English (PCDD/Fs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) etc..The pollutant without being discharged after high-efficient purification, can such as cause atmosphere Serious pollution, constitutes a serious threat to air quality.

For the improvement of above-mentioned compound gaseous pollutant, traditional treatment method has absorption method, combustion method or bioanalysis etc..It urges It is high to change combustion method purification efficiency, but the disadvantage is that catalyst influence vulnerable to tar in refuse pyrolysis flue gas and carbon black class solid matter and Failure, equipment volume is larger, and one-time investment and equipment operation energy consumption are larger, and there are security risks.Absorption method, absorption process are net It is ideal to change effect, but the pollutant after adsorption/absorption still needs to dispose, regeneration energy consumption is larger.Condensation method application range is limited, only right Middle and high concentration effumability organic gas treatment effect is preferable.Bioanalysis investment and operating cost are lower, but it is multiple to run operation Miscellaneous, a possibility that occupied area is larger, and there are secondary pollutions.

Compared to traditional technology, lower temperature plasma technology is one of the effective way for realizing combined pollutant while removal. Low temperature plasma is obtained by electrion, generates active particle containing a large amount of high energy electron and high energy electron excitation, it can Hazardous air pollutants are oxidized to CO₂、H₂Other harmless objects such as O or less toxic object, meanwhile, solid-state and liquid particulate are logical in gas The high energy electron realization that extra pulse electric discharge generates is charged, is collected into dust plate surface under electric field force effect.

House refuse accordingly, there exist low consumption is persistently handled, inhibits the generation of dioxin and safely, reasonably handles Pyrolysis generate secondary pollution method needs.

Summary of the invention

The present invention utilizes low temperature pyrogenation, the heat generated during refuse pyrolysis is stored in using heat-storing material, and will For continuing with new rubbish, therefore do not need to continue addition outside energy and the purpose of realizing continuous refuse pyrolysis.And It,, will under the premise of guaranteeing to be pyrolyzed efficiency by pyrolysis temperature control within the scope of 150~280 DEG C and using being pyrolyzed under low temperature Pyrolytic process is under the reduction atmosphere that one lacks air, keeps the amount for generating gas after reacting relatively smaller, which suppress two evils The condition that English generates realizes the purpose for inhibiting dioxin to generate.In addition, utilizing electrical tar precipitator technology and corona plasma Air purifying process combines the secondary pollution that processing pyrolysis generates, and collects and handles high, middle molecule organic liquid (tar, virtue Fragrant hydrocarbon, organic acid etc.) and gas (CH₄、H₂、CO、CO₂、NOx、SO₂, HCl), reach that domestic garbage pyrolysis is smokeless, free from extraneous odour is straight Row.Tar-like substance is the pyrolysismethod processing inevitable by-product of house refuse, is a kind of important industrial chemicals, effectively catches It is extracted after collection, is a kind of regenerated resource.

Above-mentioned purpose that the invention is realized by the following technical scheme.

In one embodiment, the present invention provides the methods of domestic rubbish disposal, it is characterised in that including following step It is rapid: 1) pyrolysis container to be added in house refuse；2) it is dehydrated the house refuse in the pyrolysis container；3) make the institute of dehydration House refuse low temperature pyrogenation is stated to generate the gaseous pollutant of semicoke and sol form；4) make the gaseous pollutant of sol form from described The top of pyrolysis container is emitted into exhaust-gas treatment container and carries out exhaust-gas treatment；5) make the semicoke carbonization generated in step 3)；6) make Waste residue discharge below the pyrolysis container；Wherein, the heat released in step 5) is inhaled by the wall of the pyrolysis container and bottom It stores up and deposits；Wherein the step 2) and 3) needed for energy provided by the first heat source or Secondary Heat Source；7) it repeats the above steps 1) -6), and energy needed for it is provided by the Secondary Heat Source.

In one embodiment, the wall of the pyrolysis container and bottom include heat-storing material, and the heat-storing material is violet Green stone or compact high-alumina or corundum-mullite or combinations thereof.

In another embodiment, the Secondary Heat Source is the thermal energy stored in the heat-storing material.Further In embodiment, heat release of the thermal energy in the carburising step.In yet another embodiment, the pyrolysis container There are insulating layers on wall and bottom.

In another embodiment, first heat source be timber burn in the pyrolysis container releasing thermal energy or Person's solar energy.

In another embodiment, the dehydration carries out under 80-100 DEG C of temperature.

In another embodiment, the pyrolysis carries out under 150-280 DEG C of temperature.

In another embodiment, the carbonization carries out under 450-500 DEG C of temperature.

In another embodiment, the adjusting of above-mentioned temperature carries out automatically.

In another embodiment, the adjusting of above-mentioned temperature is performed manually by.

In another embodiment, the exhaust-gas treatment is net using electrical tar precipitator technology and corona plasma air Change technology carries out.

In another embodiment, the exhaust-gas treatment container includes honeycomb receiving electrode and corona discharge electrode.

In further embodiment, the quantity of the honeycomb receiving electrode is 19-37, and the honeycomb receiving electrode is positive Hexagon, the inscribed circle diameter of the regular hexagon are 200-250mm, it is preferable that the quantity of the honeycomb receiving electrode is 19, The inscribed circle diameter of the regular hexagon is 210mm.

In further embodiment, the corona polar diameter is 2.0-2.5cm, it is preferable that the corona polar diameter For 2.3cm.

The present invention utilizes low temperature pyrogenation, is stored in the heat generated during refuse pyrolysis and utilization using heat-storing material Carry out subsequent processes are combined with corona plasma air purifying process using electrical tar precipitator technology, realize that low consumption continues The purpose of garbage disposal, it is suppressed that the generation of dioxin, and realize that the smokeless of domestic rubbish disposal, free from extraneous odour are in line.

Moreover, the method for the present invention can realize rubbish source treatment in situ, without collecting transhipment and centralized processing, can save big Measure resource.It is suitble to the dispersion of rubbish generating source, having inconvenient traffic is unfavorable for receiving the characteristics of transporting.

In addition, the method for the present invention is smaller to the selectivity of component of refuse, house refuse moisture content height, rubbish is suitble to not to sort The features such as.

In addition, easy to operate when the method for the present invention processing rubbish, operating cost is lower.Operator is equal by short-term cultivation Do not have to add any auxiliary fuel when can operate, and handle rubbish.

In following Detailed description of the invention and specific embodiment, using pyrolysis oven as pyrolysis container for, provide following Statement, but method of the invention is not limited to pyrolysis oven implementation.

Detailed description of the invention

Fig. 1 is the flow chart of method of the invention.

Fig. 2 is illustrating for pyrolysis container of the invention.

Fig. 3 is the main view of an embodiment of house refuse low temperature pyrogenation system of the invention.

Fig. 4 is main view, right view and the vertical view of an embodiment of Fig. 3 exhaust gas Integrated Processing Unit of the invention Figure.

Fig. 5 is the sectional view of 1-1 along Fig. 3 of an embodiment of pyrolysis oven of the invention.

Fig. 6 is the sectional view of 2-2 along Fig. 3 of an embodiment of pyrolysis oven of the invention.

Fig. 7 is the sectional view of 3-3 along Fig. 3 of an embodiment of pyrolysis oven of the invention.

Fig. 8 is the sectional view of 4-4 along Fig. 3 of an embodiment of pyrolysis oven of the invention.

Fig. 9 is the sectional view of 5-5 along Fig. 4 of an embodiment of exhaust gas Integrated Processing Unit of the invention.

Figure 10 is the sectional view of 6-6 along Fig. 4 of an embodiment of exhaust gas Integrated Processing Unit of the invention.

Figure 11 is the sectional view of 7-7 along Fig. 4 of an embodiment of exhaust gas Integrated Processing Unit of the invention.

Figure 12 is the sectional view of 8-8 along Fig. 4 of an embodiment of exhaust gas Integrated Processing Unit of the invention.

Figure 13 is the main view of the another embodiment of house refuse low temperature pyrogenation system of the invention.

Figure 14 be the main view of the another embodiment of exhaust gas Integrated Processing Unit of the invention in Figure 13, right view and Top view.

Figure 15 is the sectional view of 1-1 along Figure 13 of the another embodiment of pyrolysis oven of the invention.

Figure 16 is the sectional view of 2-2 along Figure 13 of the another embodiment of pyrolysis oven of the invention.

Figure 17 is the sectional view of 3-3 along Figure 13 of the another embodiment of pyrolysis oven of the invention.

Figure 18 is the sectional view of 4-4 along Figure 13 of the another embodiment of pyrolysis oven of the invention.

Figure 19 is the sectional view of 5-5 along Figure 14 of the another embodiment of exhaust gas Integrated Processing Unit of the invention.

Figure 20 is the sectional view of 6-6 along Figure 14 of the another embodiment of exhaust gas Integrated Processing Unit of the invention.

Figure 21 is the sectional view of 7-7 along Figure 14 of the another embodiment of exhaust gas Integrated Processing Unit of the invention.

Figure 22 is the sectional view of 8-8 along Figure 14 of the another embodiment of exhaust gas Integrated Processing Unit of the invention.

In Fig. 3 and 13, I- solar heat source system；II- pyrolysis oven；III- exhaust gas Integrated Processing Unit；IV- is controlled automatically System processed.

In Fig. 4-12 and 14-22,1- pedestal；2- bottom door；3- furnace outer wall；4- insulating layer；5- heat transfer coils；6- accumulation of heat Materials A；7- feeding port；8- collecting system (8-1 collecting ring, 8-2 aqueduct, 8-3 water storage tank, 8-4 drain valve)；9- baffle liner； 10- flow-guiding umbrella；11- ultrasound level transducer；12- gas chamber (aqueous vapor layer) temperature transmitter；13- gas chamber (aqueous vapor layer) temperature is adjusted Valve；14- furnace inner wall；15- furnace inner wall heat transfer hole；16- evaporation layer temperature transmitter；17- pyrolytic layer temperature control valve (TCV)；18- pyrolysis Layer temperature transmitter；19- carburization zone temperature control valve (TCV)；20- carburization zone temperature transmitter；21- heat-transfer pipe plate and connecting rod；22- Periphery heat-transfer pipe；23- heat-storing material B；24- center heat transfer pipe；25- accumulation of heat stage body；26- heat-storing material C；27- drop-bottom；28- Condensate liquid storage tank；29- condensate discharge valve；30- high pressure cabinet tapping valve；31- high pressure (porcelain insulator) cabinet；32- high pressure is exhausted Edge porcelain vase；33- conduction support；The hyperbaric chamber 34- transmission of electricity mouth；35- rubber blocking solution ring；36- honeycomb receiving electrode；37- corona discharge electrode is fixed Frame；38- discharges gas chamber；39- sample tap；40- gas draining ring；41- gas discharge outlet；42- corona discharge electrode；The positioning of 43- corona discharge electrode Bar；44- high-voltage electricity import；45- cloth gas chamber；46- pendant link；47- pendant；48- pendant balancing stand；49- manhole；50- water conservancy diversion Hydrops umbrella；51- gas outlet；52- high direct voltage line；53- high-voltage thyristor pulse dc power；54- power shelf；55- corona Pole positioning ring；The anti-machine of divulging a secret of 56-；57- hand hole.

Specific embodiment

Present invention be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawing.It should be understood that various embodiments of the invention are only It is illustrative, and is not constructed as limiting the claim.

Fig. 1 is the flow chart of method of the invention, pyrolysis container is added in step 110, including by house refuse, the life Rubbish can be the rubbish that any rubbish generating source generates, and without sorting, and can contain the moisture of high-content.The pyrolysis is held Device at least has the rubbish adding mouth 210 of top, gaseous pollutant outlet 220, the waste residue outlet 230 of lower section, the first heat source 240 and Secondary Heat Source 250.Rubbish adding mouth 210 is not specifically limited, as long as it, which is suitable for rubbish, is added to the closed container In.Gaseous pollutant outlet 220 is not specifically limited, as long as it is suitable for the aerosol discharge that pyrolysis generates and gaseous state Pollutant outlet 220 is connected with the processing system sealing for handling aerosol be discharged.The waste residue outlet 230 of lower section does not have As long as concrete restriction its be suitble to be discharged solid-state clinker.First heat source 240 provides required external energy for initial start-up pyrolysis oven Amount.In one embodiment, the thermal energy of the first heat source 240 is solar energy, wherein utilizing Salar light-gathering dish or vacuum heat-collecting The radiations heat energy of the pipe collection sun.In another embodiment, the first heat source 240 is the timber to burn in pyrolysis container. Secondary Heat Source 250 is to be stored in the energy constituted in the wall of pyrolysis container and the heat-storing material of bottom, which is in life rubbish The thermal energy being stored in the wall of pyrolysis container and the heat-storing material of bottom is released in rubbish pyrolytic process.The heat-storing material is cordierite Or the combination of compact high-alumina or corundum-mullite or above-mentioned material.

One example of pyrolysis container is pyrolysis oven (as shown in Figure 3 and Figure 5), and structure will be described below.

In step 120, be dehydrated house refuse in pyrolysis container, the reaction usually 80-100 DEG C at a temperature of into Row.In this step, temperature gradually rises after rubbish heat absorption, reaches 100 DEG C or more, volatilizes the water of free state first, then The dehydration in organic molecule occurs, as hydroxy seco generates water.As rubbish is constantly dried, the yield of vapor It gradually decreases.After moisture evolution, many gaps can be formed inside rubbish, important work has been played to subsequent heat and mass With.

In step 130, make the house refuse low temperature pyrogenation of dehydration to generate the gaseous pollutant of semicoke and sol form, this is anti- Should usually 150-280 DEG C at a temperature of carry out.In the step, rubbish continues to absorb heat after dehydration, when temperature is more than At 200 DEG C, the side chains such as methyl, ethyl in organic matter in garbage molecule start to be broken, and slough carbon and hydrogen respectively, generate methane, The micro-molecular gas such as hydrogen and other hydrocarbons.With the further raising of temperature, the master of the organic matter of side chain is taken off Chain is broken, and generates many small-molecule substances.The pyrolysis of rubbish is not necessarily to what certain order carried out, many reactions It is all to intersect to carry out.Small molecule caused by being pyrolyzed is combined into the organic matter of macromolecular by condensation reaction again, and this The organic matter of a little macromoleculars may also pass through cracking becomes the organic matter of small molecule again, thus the pyrolysis of rubbish be one very The physics of complexity, chemical process.

In step 140, so that the gaseous pollutant of sol form is emitted into exhaust-gas treatment container from the top of pyrolysis container and carry out Exhaust-gas treatment.The exhaust gas utilization electrical tar precipitator technology is combined with corona plasma air purifying process to be handled.It should The working principle and the course of work of processing are described in detail below in conjunction with specific exhaust treatment system.

In step 150, make the semicoke carbonization generated in step 130, which usually carries out at 450-500 DEG C, wherein The semicoke (garbage carbon) that pyrolysis generates leads to the heat release that is carbonized, and generates high-temperature flue gas and lime-ash.The thermal energy discharged be carbonized by above-mentioned appearance Energy-accumulation material in wall and bottom absorbs storage.

In step 160, waste residue is discharged below pyrolysis container.The lime-ash generated after semicoke is carbonized and other for heat The solid refuse of solution is ashed and cools down, and is then discharged by waste residue outlet 230.

It is one or many in step 170 110-160 that repeats the above steps, until disposing all rubbish, in first time rubbish After rubbish processing, newly added rubbish will be carried out by the heat stored in heat-storing material, therefore not need to add newly additional The energy can save the energy of consumption while realizing continuous processing rubbish.

Temperature in step described above is adjusted, and PLC or microprocessor can be used and held by temperature transmitter control Temperature control valve (TCV) and closed container external world positive energy exchange in wall is to realize the automatic adjustment of temperature or by opening manually Temperature control valve (TCV) in chamber wall realizes manually adjusting for temperature with closed container external world positive energy exchange.

For below using pyrolysis oven as pyrolysis container, the house refuse low temperature pyrogenation system for implementing the method for the present invention is described The specific embodiment of system.But specific embodiments of the present invention are not limited to this.

The house refuse low temperature pyrogenation system includes exhaust gas Integrated Processing Unit, automatic control system and pyrolysis oven, with And optionally solar heat source system.

In one embodiment, pyrolysis oven includes aqueous vapor layer (gas chamber), evaporation layer, pyrolytic layer, carburization zone from top to bottom It is layered with ash, wherein aqueous vapor layer is also known as gas chamber, i.e., vapor, flying dust, the tar that domestic garbage pyrolysis generates are mixed to form gas The space of colloidal sol, what the two was herein defined as interchangeably using, and the pyrolysis oven includes pedestal, furnace wall and furnace roof； Furnace wall lower part is wherein provided with bottom door, feeding port is provided on furnace roof, temperature pick-up is provided on furnace wall and furnace roof Device and temperature-adjusting device are provided with flow guide system and collecting system in furnace roof, and set in furnace wall, pedestal and furnace roof It is equipped with insulating layer.

In one embodiment, storage heat transfer system is additionally provided in furnace body, the heat-storing material is cordierite, densification High alumina, corundum-mullite or quartz or combinations thereof.

In one embodiment, storing heat transfer system includes heat-storing material layer, and be laid in insulating layer and furnace inner wall and guarantor Between warm layer and drop-bottom；Accumulation of heat stage body is arranged on drop-bottom；Heat-transfer pipe is arranged in pedestal and/or accumulation of heat stage body In；With heat transfer hole, it is arranged on the furnace inner wall, the drop-bottom, the accumulation of heat stage body and the heat-transfer pipe, wherein in institute It states and lays heat-storing material in accumulation of heat stage body and the heat-transfer pipe.

In one embodiment, conduct heat hole diameter be less than heat-storing material diameter.

In one embodiment, the height of the heat-storing material layer in the furnace wall is no more than the pyrolytic layer, institute The height of the height lower than the heat-storing material layer in the furnace wall in the heat transfer hole on furnace inner wall is stated, and the height of heat-transfer pipe Degree is no more than carburization zone.

In one embodiment, flow guide system includes the baffle liner being arranged in furnace roof and lifts in baffle liner lower end Flow-guiding umbrella.

In one embodiment, collecting system includes the collecting ring of flow-guiding umbrella lower end connection, collecting ring side connects Aqueduct, the water storage tank connecting with aqueduct and the drain valve connecting with water storage tank, wherein drain valve is arranged on furnace wall.

In one embodiment, temperature pick-up device includes the aqueous vapor layer temperature transmitter being arranged on furnace roof；With set Vapor film temperature transmitter, pyrolytic layer temperature transmitter and carburization zone temperature transmitter on furnace wall are set, steaming is located at Vapour layer, pyrolytic layer and carburization zone.

In one embodiment, temperature-adjusting device includes the aqueous vapor layer temperature control valve (TCV) being arranged on furnace roof, and is set Vapor film temperature control valve (TCV), pyrolytic layer temperature control valve (TCV) and carburization zone temperature control valve (TCV) on furnace wall are set, steaming is located at Vapour layer, pyrolytic layer and carburization zone.

In one embodiment, pyrolysis oven further includes ultrasonic level transducer, is arranged on furnace roof.

In one embodiment, pyrolysis oven further includes heat-transfer pipe plate and connecting rod, is arranged in the soleplate, for controlling Hollow heat-transfer pipe and environment carries out gas exchanges.

In one embodiment, the material of insulating layer is light-weight insulating brick, and its thickness is not less than 65mm.

In the embodiment for including wherein solar heat source system, pyrolysis oven further includes heat transfer coils, surrounds furnace body Profile be arranged in the heat-storing material layer in furnace wall, and in heat transfer coils be filled with conduction oil.

In one embodiment, exhaust gas Integrated Processing Unit includes cloth gas chamber, exhaust-gas treatment room, high pressure cabinet and discharge Gas chamber；Wherein exhaust-gas treatment room includes honeycomb receiving electrode and corona discharge electrode；Wherein cloth gas chamber is arranged in exhaust gas Integrated Processing Unit bottom Portion is for receiving exhaust gas to be processed；Honeycomb receiving electrode is arranged in above cloth gas chamber；Corona discharge electrode is located at each honeycomb receiving electrode Center；Discharge gas chamber is arranged in above honeycomb receiving electrode；High pressure cabinet is arranged in the side of honeycomb receiving electrode.

In one embodiment, the quantity of honeycomb receiving electrode is 19-37, and honeycomb receiving electrode is regular hexagon, positive six The inscribed circle diameter of side shape is 200-250mm.

In one embodiment, cloth gas chamber bottom end is connected with gas outlet, and gas outlet upper end connects water conservancy diversion hydrops umbrella, outlet The outer wall of cylinder and the inner wall of cloth gas chamber constitute condensate liquid storage tank.

In one embodiment, cloth gas chamber bottom end is connected with condensate discharge valve, and cloth gas chamber sidewall is equipped with manhole, is used for People enters cloth gas chamber.

In one embodiment, high tension shackle insulator is placed in high-voltaghe compartment body, connection conduction is held on high tension shackle insulator Support, conductive support pass through hyperbaric chamber transmission of electricity mouth and are placed in above honeycomb receiving electrode.

In one embodiment, corona discharge electrode fixed frame, corona discharge electrode fixed frame lower end connection electricity are connected above conductive support Dizzy pole locating rod.

In one embodiment, it is connected with pendant balancing stand below corona discharge electrode, several are set below pendant balancing stand Pendant, for balancing corona discharge electrode.

In one embodiment, high-voltage thyristor pulse dc power, DC power supply one end are housed outside high-voltaghe compartment body High direct voltage line connect with conductive support, the control line of the other end is connect with automatic control system.

In one embodiment, the voltage gradient E=400V/mm between corona discharge electrode and honeycomb receiving electrode, corona discharge electrode with Potential difference between honeycomb receiving electrode is 300-500kV.

In one embodiment, corona polar diameter is 2.0-2.5cm.

In one embodiment, the material of corona discharge electrode is tungsten or stainless steel (304).

In one embodiment, discharge gas chamber upper end connects gas discharge outlet, and gas discharge outlet side wall connects sample tap For sampling analysis, gas discharge outlet sidewall upper connects gas draining ring, for draining the gas of discharge.

In one embodiment, high pressure lower box is equipped with anti-machine of divulging a secret.

In one embodiment, rubber blocking solution ring is fixed in conductive support.

In one embodiment, suspension hook is provided in corona discharge electrode locating rod, corona discharge electrode is vertically disposed with corona discharge electrode link, Corona discharge electrode is connected to suspension hook and pendant balancing stand by corona discharge electrode link.

Next, the system is described in further detail referring to attached drawing.Referring to Fig. 3 and Figure 13, house refuse low temperature pyrogenation system By I- solar heat source system；II- low temperature pyrogenation furnace；III- flue dust, exhaust gas Integrated Processing Unit；IV- automatic control system group At.Wherein solar heat source system user can select according to the actual situation.

Exhaust gas Integrated Processing Unit

Fig. 4 and 14 shows the main view, right view and top view of exhaust gas Integrated Processing Unit, and Fig. 9-12 and 19 and 22 is The sectional view of the different sections of exhaust gas Integrated Processing Unit.

Exhaust gas Integrated Processing Unit lower end is cloth gas chamber 45, and gas outlet 51 is welded in 45 bottom end of cloth gas chamber, after garbage disposal Exhaust gas enters cloth gas chamber 45 through gas outlet, and 51 upper end of gas outlet connects water conservancy diversion hydrops umbrella 50, and water conservancy diversion hydrops umbrella can make portion gas Condensation, and connect and flow down along water conservancy diversion hydrops umbrella, 51 outer wall of gas outlet and 45 inner wall of cloth gas chamber constitute condensate liquid storage tank 28, condensate liquid It flows into condensate liquid storage tank and stores, 45 bottom end of cloth gas chamber is connected to condensate discharge valve 29, for arranging the condensate liquid of storage in due course Cloth outputting gas chamber.

45 side wall of cloth gas chamber is equipped with manhole 49, and people can pass in and out the manhole, for the various components in cloth gas chamber 45 into Row maintenance and maintenance.

It is exhaust-gas treatment room above cloth gas chamber 45 comprising honeycomb receiving electrode 36 and corona discharge electrode 42.

Honeycomb receiving electrode 36 is welded on 45 top of cloth gas chamber, in one embodiment, the quantity of honeycomb receiving electrode is 19, The shape of honeycomb receiving electrode is regular hexagon, and regular hexagon Internal tangential circular areas is 0.0382m²。

Discharge gas chamber 38 is welded in 36 upper end of honeycomb receiving electrode, 38 upper end welding gas discharge outlet 41 of gas chamber is discharged, from this Gas discharge outlet discharge treated gas.Gas is discharged for sample detection in 41 sidewall weld sample tap 39 of gas discharge outlet Composition.Optionally, 41 sidewall upper welding gas draining ring 40 of gas discharge outlet, guides the discharge of gas.

Honeycomb receiving electrode 36 and discharge 38 two sides of gas chamber are symmetrically welded high pressure (porcelain insulator) cabinet 31, high pressure (insulation porcelain Bottle) cabinet 31 bottom high pressure cabinet tapping valve 30 is housed, high tension shackle insulator 32 is placed in high pressure (porcelain insulator) cabinet 31, it is high It presses and connects conductive support 33 on porcelain insulator 32, conductive support 33 passes through hyperbaric chamber transmission of electricity mouth 34 and is placed on honeycomb receiving electrode 36 Side, rubber blocking solution ring 35 are fixed in conductive support 33.

Corona discharge electrode fixed frame 37 is welded above conductive support 33, corona discharge electrode locating rod is welded in 37 lower end of corona discharge electrode fixed frame 43, the suspension hook clasp joint corona discharge electrode link (upper and lower) 46 in corona discharge electrode locating rod 43 is connect with corona discharge electrode 42, corona discharge electrode link (under) 46 mount with pendant 47, and lower section is balanced by pendant balancing stand 47, and corona discharge electrode is located at honeycomb receiving electrode center.

Optionally, 31 lower part of high pressure (porcelain insulator) cabinet is equipped with anti-machine 56 of divulging a secret.High pressure (porcelain insulator) at one end High-voltage thyristor pulse dc power 51, the high direct voltage line 52 of 51 one end of DC power supply and conductive support are housed outside cabinet 31 33 connections, the control line of the other end are connect with automatic control system IV.

The working principle and the course of work of exhaust gas Integrated Processing Unit are illustrated in detail below.

House refuse ingredient is extremely complex, and some secondary pollutions are inherently generated in pyrolytic process, mainly includes one A little exhaust gas SOx, NOx, CO, HCl, tar and some traces or the pollutant of ultra trace such as heavy metal (Pb, Cd, Hg etc.), two Dislike English (PCDD/Fs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) etc..

(1) exhaust emission

A hydrogen chloride (HCl)

In the flue gas that refuse pyrolysis process is discharged there are two the sources of HCl:

1. organochlorine source, such as the PVC plastic in rubbish, rubber, leather；

2. inorganic chlorine source mainly exists in the form of NaCl.

B oxysulfide (SOx)

For oxysulfide usually caused by sulfur-containing compound combustion oxidation in rubbish, most of is SO₂.Oxysulfide generally with The rubbish from cooking of stationery, protein series in rubbish is made with the inorganic sulfur of sulphate form and containing sulphur rubber etc. containing element sulphur For occurring source.It is generally acknowledged that organic sulfur tends to be oxidized in pyrolytic process, and various sulfate then may be according to specific anti- Environment is answered, volatilizees, decomposed even included in ash content at high temperature.

C nitrogen oxides (NOx)

Nitrogen oxides mainly includes NO, N₂O、NO₂Deng wherein NO and NO₂Atmosphere can be polluted.By solid waste In organic nitrogen (rubbish from cooking, nitrogenous urea and resinamines of protein series etc.) formed nitrogen oxides.Usually 600 It is generated at a temperature of~900 DEG C.

(2) tar

Tar component mainly includes three substances: first is that aliphatic compound, such as fatty acid；Second is that aromatic compound Object, such as phenol, cresols, naphthalene, toluene, alkyl derivative；Third is that hydro carbons oxygen-bearing organic matter, such as phenol, aldehyde, ketone, ester, acid anhydride, furans.

(3) heavy metal

For heavy metal usually using density as deciding factor, density (specific gravity) is generally greater than 5mg/m³Metal member Element is defined as heavy metal.Heavy metal generally refers to the element with significant toxicity, such as lead, chromium, mercury, cadmium and metalloid arsenic.

A mercury (Hg)

Mostly come from battery (such as Hg-Zn battery and alkaline battery), electric appliance (such as fluorescent tube), newspaper, magazine, temperature Meter etc..

B lead (Pb)

From plastics, rubber, pigment etc..

C cadmium (Cd)

From electric appliance, plastics, battery (nickel-cadmium cell), semiconductor and pigment etc..

D chromium (Cr)

From plastics, newspaper, textile, colour film, weeds etc..

E copper (Cu)

Mostly come from textile and plastics etc..

(4) dioxin

Dioxin is actually the general name of two serial chloro tricyclic aromatics, including more chloro dibenzo-are p- Dioxin (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), are referred to as PCDD/Fs.

In garbage incineration process, high-molecular compound containing chlorine such as polyvinyl chloride, chlorobenzene, pentachlorophenol in rubbish etc. The precursor of dioxin, under preference temperature (300 DEG C~500 DEG C) and in FeCl₃、CuCl₂The catalytic action of equal metal catalytics object Lower and O₂, HCl reaction, pass through the processes such as rearrangements, free radical condensation, dechlorination generation dioxin.Essential condition is because being known as:

1. HCl, O₂, the presence of precursor:

2. the residence time in 300 DEG C~500 DEG C temperature ranges；

3. copper chloride, the presence of ferric chloride catalyst.

The pollutant of pyrolysis oven outlet drain is fused together with vapor, tar, flying dust (heavy metal), flue gas etc. Aerosol substance.

Therefore, the technical solution of domestic garbage pyrolysis secondary pollution processing, selects " by electrical tar precipitator technology and corona Plasma air purifying technology combines " integrated treatment scheme.

It under certain condition, can mutual inversion of phases between each state of substance by substance and extraneous continuous positive energy exchange.Outside Boundary's supply energy can make solid be converted into liquid, if extraneous further supply energy, liquid can be converted into gas.If right again Gas supplies enough energy, as long as the kinetic energy of electronics in each particle is made to be more than the ionization energy of atom, electronics will be detached from The constraint of atom and become free electron, and atom then becomes positively charged ion because losing electronics, this process is known as electric From.After the enough atoms of gas mesopodium are ionized, the own insufficient original gas of this ionized gas, and transform into new One plasma of states of matter.It is another state of aggregation existing for substance, referred to as the 4th state of substance, or is plasma state.

The skill that domestic garbage pyrolysis flue dust is purified using the basic principle and corona plasma of electrical tar precipitator Art is a new pyrolysis technology of smoke purification.First is that by be pyrolyzed waste in vapor, tar, flying dust (heavy metal), The aerosol substance that exhaust gas etc. is fused together effectively traps；Second is that by carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide in exhaust gas (SO₂), nitrogen oxides (NOx), hydrocarbon, the purification such as aromatic hydrocarbon.To reach domestic garbage pyrolysis furnace it is smokeless, be no different The purpose of taste in line (zero-emission).

Electrical tar precipitator, corona plasma common ground are to form corona discharge using extremely uneven high-voltage dc, Plasma is generated, a large amount of electronics and negative ions wherein included are dirty with the particle in air under the action of electric-force gradient It contaminates object and inelastic collision occurs, so that attachment is on the particles, charged particle is made, to dust under the action of electric field Polar motion and then collected by dust collecting electrode, so as to effectively remove the particulate pollutant in air.

Its treatment process divides three phases:

1) e+M (contaminant molecule) → M^-

2)M^-+ SP (solid particle) → (SPM)^-

3)(SPM)^-→ (being deposited in dust collecting electrode)

Corona discharge can generate nonequilibrium state low temperature plasma in certain space, can be used to purify the nocuousness in air Gas.Its catalytic purification mechanism includes two aspects:

1) during generating plasma, the high instantaneous energy that high-frequency discharge generates opens certain pernicious gases point The chemical bond of son, makes it resolve into monatomic or harmless molecule.

2) a large amount of high energy electron, ion, excited state particle and the freedom with strong oxidizing property are contained in plasma Base, the average energy of these active particles are about 5~20eV, the nearly bond energy for being higher than general gas flow molecule, they and pernicious gas Frequent collision occurs for molecule, and the chemical bond for opening gas molecule generates monoatomic molecules or harmless molecule.What is generated simultaneously is big Measure OH, HO₂, the free radicals such as O and the extremely strong ozone of oxidisability with harmful gas molecule occur chemical reaction generate it is harmless Product.

The pernicious gas generated when domestic garbage pyrolysis mainly has CO, NOx, SO₂, HCl, this programme is exactly to utilize plasma This catalytic purification mechanism of body is come the pernicious gas that generates when purifying refuse pyrolysis.

When corona discharge, a large amount of free electron and ion are generated, under the action of impulse electric field, free electron be can get Higher energy bombards the O in air₂, oxygen atom can be broken down into:

e+O₂→2O+e

High-velocity electrons have enough kinetic energy (5~20eV).It reacts to form ozone followed by three-body collision.

O+O₂+M→O₃+M

At the same time, elemental oxygen and electronics similarly form oxygen molecule with ozone reaction, and the concentration of final ozone reaches flat Weighing apparatus.

O+O₃→2O₂

e+O₃→O+O₂+e

The degradation reaction formula of nitrogen oxides:

NOx+e→N₂+O₂

The purification reaction formula of carbon monoxide:

O₃+CO→CO₂+O₂

·OH+CO→CO₂+·H

The purification reaction formula of sulfur dioxide:

O₃+SO₂→SO₃+O₂

O₂+2SO₂→2SO₃

O₃+3SO₂→3SO₃

The exhaust gas volumn (containing water vapor) of pyrolysis oven discharge is 800-1000m³/h；Flue gas flow rate is 0.5-0.75m/s；Flue gas Residence time is 5-10s；Gas inlet temperature is 60~80 DEG C.

High voltage power supply type selecting: high frequency electric source, the pulse power, critical pulse (soft steady) power supply can be selected.With critical pulse (soft steady) power supply is first choice.

Electrical tar precipitator, corona plasma purification exhaust device are combined by two technologies, are applied in life rubbish The waste processing of rubbish low temperature pyrogenation is an innovation.

Electrical tar precipitator working principle is to apply high voltage direct current between plain conductor and metal pipe-wall, to maintain to be enough to make Gas generates the electric field of ionization, makes to form corona zone between anode and cathode.By electric field theory, cation is adsorbed in electronegative corona Pole, anion are adsorbed in positively charged receiving electrode, and all negative ions being ionized are each filled between corona discharge electrode and receiving electrode Entire space.When the exhaust gas of the impurity such as droplet containing tar passes through the electric field, the impurity of anion and electronics has been adsorbed in electric field It under the action of Coulomb force, is moved to after receiving electrode that release institute electrically charged, and is adsorbed on receiving electrode, to reach purification exhaust gas Purpose, commonly referred to as charged phenomenon.It, can be from trend when the impurity level being adsorbed on receiving electrode increases to greater than its adhesive force It flows down and plows, be discharged from electrical tar precipitator bottom.

The principle of corona plasma purification exhaust gas is to make gas ionization, to make to give up using Pulsed corona discharge Aerated particle is charged, and then mobile to collecting polar plate under the action of electric field force, electrically charged particle loses after contacting with collecting plate Charge becomes neutral and is deposited on collecting polar plate, to achieve the purpose that purify exhaust gas.It can be generated when gas ionization simultaneously big High energy electron, ion, excited state particle and the free radical with strong oxidizing property of amount, the average energy of these active particles are higher than Frequent collision occurs for the bond energy of gas molecule, they and pernicious gas molecule, and the chemical bond generation for opening gas molecule is single former Sub- molecule and innocuous gas molecule, while a large amount of OH, the HO also generated₂, free radicals and the extremely strong ozone of oxidisability such as O Chemical reaction occurs with harmful gas molecule and generates harmless products.

Its principle of the common ground of two technologies is all corona discharge.The binding site of two technologies is selected when corona discharge Power supply: " the soft voltage-stabilizing power supply of critical pulse " or " pulse high-voltage direct current power supply "；The suitable corona discharge electrode of selection, first is that needing secondary Electron emission coefficiency (δ m) is big；Second is that needing reliable corrosion resistance and chemistry, physical stability.Therefore, tungsten is most suitable for making corona Pole (δ m 1.4), stainless steel (δ m 1.24) is secondly.

Exhaust gas is through cloth gas chamber, space between honeycomb receiving electrode and corona discharge electrode, under DC Electric Field, gas quilt Ionization, thus keep exhaust gas particle electrically charged, it is then mobile to honeycomb receiving electrode under the action of electric field force, it is connect with honeycomb receiving electrode Charge is lost after touch, is become neutral and is deposited on honeycomb receiving electrode, to achieve the purpose that purify exhaust gas.With adsorbance Increase, the substance of absorption can freely be fallen, without clearing up honeycomb receiving electrode.

Meanwhile can be generated when gas ionization a large amount of high energy electron, ion, excited state particle and with strong oxidizing property from By base, the average energy of these active particles is higher than the bond energy of gas molecule, they and the generation of pernicious gas molecule are frequently touched Hit, the chemical bond for opening gas molecule generates monoatomic molecules and innocuous gas molecule, while also generate a large amount of OH, HO₂, the free radicals such as O and the extremely strong ozone of oxidisability occurs chemical reaction with harmful gas molecule and generates harmless products.

Exhaust-gas treatment the utility model has the advantages that first is that by be pyrolyzed in waste with vapor, tar, flying dust (heavy metal), useless The aerosol substance that gas etc. is fused together effectively traps；Second is that by carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide in exhaust gas (SO₂), nitrogen oxides (NOx), hydrocarbon, the purification such as aromatic hydrocarbon.

Two technologies revolutionize refuse pyrolysis exhaust gas discharging modes in the processing application of domestic garbage pyrolysis exhaust gas, Smokelessly, free from extraneous odour is in line (zero-emission), meets Zhong Yuanshilian Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd Q/ZYSL0002-2016 " life rubbish Rubbish low temperature pyrogenation contamination control standard ".

Pyrolysis oven

Fig. 5-8 and 15-18 is the sectional view of the different sections of pyrolysis oven.

It is pyrolyzed on furnace base 1 and welds furnace outer wall 3, lay ceramic fiber blanket insulating layer on 3 inside of furnace outer wall and pedestal 1 4。

Heat-storing material B 23 is laid on the insulating layer of horizontal laying, and accumulation of heat stage body is installed on heat-storing material B 23 25, stage body 25 is interior to lay heat-storing material B 23, by the periphery heat-transfer pipe 22 and center heat transfer pipe 24 on accumulation of heat stage body 25 and pedestal 1 It is welded and fixed, heat-storing material C 26 and sealing cap of burn-oning is laid into periphery heat-transfer pipe 22 and center heat transfer pipe 24.

The soldering furnace inner wall 14 on accumulation of heat stage body 25 installs bottom door 2, carburization zone between furnace outer wall 3 and furnace inner wall 14 Temperature transmitter 20, carburization zone temperature control valve (TCV) 19, heat transfer coils 5 (optional), pyrolytic layer temperature control valve (TCV) 17, pyrolytic layer temperature Transmitter 18, evaporation layer temperature transmitter 16, collecting system drain valve 8-4.

Heat-storing material A 6 is laid between insulating layer 4 and furnace inner wall 14, by prefabricated furnace roof and furnace outer wall 3 and furnace inner wall 14 weld, and furnace inner wall heat transfer hole 15 is provided on furnace inner wall 14.

Feeding port 7, baffle liner 9, ultrasonic level transducer 11, gas chamber (aqueous vapor layer) temperature transmitter are installed on furnace roof 12, gas chamber (aqueous vapor layer) temperature control valve (TCV) 13 lifts flow-guiding umbrella 10 in 9 lower end of baffle liner, and 10 lower end of flow-guiding umbrella connects collecting ring The side 8-1, collecting ring 8-1 meets aqueduct 8-2, meets aqueduct 8-2 and connect with water storage tank 8-3, water storage tank 8-3 meets drain valve 8-4.

It is divided into grey layering, carburization zone (semicoke), pyrolytic layer (organic matter), evaporation layer (water from bottom to top in pyrolysis oven Point), aqueous vapor layer (gas chamber).

Ash layering

The lime-ash generated after the carbonization of carburization zone semicoke is in ash layering ashing and cooling.

Carburization zone

Semicoke (garbage carbon) generates high-temperature flue gas and lime-ash in carburization zone carbonization heat release.The thermal energy discharged be carbonized by accumulation of energy Material absorbs storage, and when adding house refuse into furnace, the heat that domestic garbage pyrolysis is absorbed is by carburization zone and energy storage material Expect that heat release provides, the thermal discharge of carburization zone is greater than the pyrolysis caloric receptivity for increasing upper rubbish, and pyrolytic reaction can just go on.Therefore Need to guarantee the carburizing temperature of carburization zone.Temperature transmitter is housed in carburization zone, by the temperature measured with analog quantity (0-24mA) Signal is input in automatic control system microprocessor, and the temperature of carburization zone is controlled by the analog quantity output signals of microprocessor The state of regulating valve controls the temperature of carburization zone.The temperature of carburization zone is controlled at 450 DEG C~500 DEG C.

Pyrolytic layer

Rubbish continues to absorb heat after dehydration, the first when temperature is more than 200 DEG C, in organic matter in garbage molecule The side chains such as base, ethyl start to be broken, and slough carbon and hydrogen respectively, generate the small molecules such as methane, hydrogen and other hydrocarbons Gas.With the further raising of temperature, the main chain for taking off the organic matter of side chain is broken, and generates many small-molecule substances. The pyrolysis of rubbish is not necessarily to what certain order carried out, and many reactions are all to intersect to carry out.It is small caused by pyrolysis Molecule is combined into the organic matter of macromolecular by condensation reaction again, and the organic matter of these macromoleculars may also pass through cracking Become the organic matter of small molecule again, so the pyrolysis of rubbish is extremely complex physics, a chemical process.It is filled in carburization zone There is temperature transmitter, the temperature measured is input in automatic control system microprocessor with analog quantity (0-24mA) signal, leads to The state for crossing the temperature control valve (TCV) of the analog quantity output signals control pyrolytic layer of microprocessor, controls the temperature of pyrolytic layer.Pyrolysis The temperature of layer is controlled at 150~280 DEG C.

Evaporation layer

In evaporation layer, temperature is gradually risen after rubbish heat absorption, is reached 100 DEG C or more, is volatilized the water of free state first, Then the dehydration in organic molecule occurs, as hydroxy seco generates water.As rubbish is constantly dried, the production of vapor Raw amount gradually decreases.After moisture evolution, many gaps can be formed inside rubbish, subsequent heat and mass risen important Effect.The temperature of evaporation layer is at 80~100 DEG C.

Aqueous vapor layer

Carburization zone heat release, pyrolytic layer heat absorption, the moisture of organic matter are evaporated in evaporation layer, and vapor (exhaust gas) is raised to upwards When furnace roof, temperature control is at 60~80 DEG C when aqueous vapor layer, to guarantee the best operating condition of exhaust treatment system.It is filled in aqueous vapor layer There is temperature transmitter, the temperature measured is input in automatic control system microprocessor with analog quantity (0-24mA) signal, leads to The state for crossing the temperature control valve (TCV) of the analog quantity output signals control aqueous vapor layer of microprocessor, controls the temperature of aqueous vapor layer.Aqueous vapor The temperature of layer is controlled at 60 DEG C~80 DEG C.

When aqueous vapor layer temperature is more than 85 DEG C, automatic control system microprocessor issues sound-light alarm prompt, needs artificial Intervention processing.Possible reason: cavity increases after rubbish dries out, and caused by hot stratum's temperature is scurried into, needs to add rubbish at this time Rubbish is filled a vacancy cavity.

The level interfacial level of measurement can be believed with analog quantity (0-24mA) equipped with ultrasonic level transducer in aqueous vapor layer It number is input in automatic control system microprocessor, sets critical altitude, then sound-light alarm prompts, and adds rubbish into furnace in time Rubbish.Whether can also need to add rubbish from feeding port artificial observation.In general, when rubbish height decline 1/5 to 2/5 in furnace Shi Tianjia rubbish.

During domestic garbage pyrolysis, the evaporation of one side moisture will absorb heat, hinder the transmitting of heat, extend heat Solve the time；The evaporation rate of another aspect moisture is faster than the pyrolysis rate of organic matter, remaining in rubbish after moisture is precipitated rapidly Organic matter density decline, be conducive to shorten pyrolysis time.

With the increase of moisture in rubbish, actual processing capacity decline, energy consumption increases.It is aqueous in practical rubbish Rate is very high, can achieve 50% or more, and the moisture in rubbish not only reduces the calorific value of gas, and increases garbage disposal Heat consumption.The rubbish high for moisture content can be neutralized using the method for blending dry rubbish, reduce the aqueous of rubbish Rate.In addition the method (optional) that solar energy heating can be used, improves the calorific value of evaporation layer, and the moisture of rapid evaporation rubbish can be protected Card treatment process is gone on smoothly.

The pyrolysis of house refuse is the moisture since evaporation rubbish, there is vapor discharge in the outlet of pyrolysis oven, is arranging Port is equipped with flow-guiding umbrella and baffle liner, stops the fly ash particulate in flue gas, but also prevent the normal discharge of vapor, part Vapor is blocked.Therefore it needs to lay collecting system under flow-guiding umbrella, intercepted vapor is collected into heel row in addition to furnace body, It avoids moisture from coming back in furnace, influences to be pyrolyzed efficiency.

The shape of pyrolysis oven is not particularly limited, such as its cross section can be graphic round and rectangle herein, than Such as double square.

Solar heat source system

In one embodiment, the radiations heat energy of the sun, heating are collected using Salar light-gathering dish or evacuated collector tube Heat-conducting fluid (conduction oil) in closed container, by hot fluid pump (Heat-transfer Oil Pump) that heat-conducting fluid is transported to furnace is intracorporal Heat transfer coils exchange thermal energy with the heat-storing material around the coil pipe that is laid in and store (300 DEG C~350 DEG C of temperature), the life in furnace Rubbish (organic matter) living heat absorption, volatilizes the water of free state first, and the dehydration in organic molecule then occurs.With rubbish Rubbish is constantly dried, and the yield of vapor gradually decreases, and after moisture evolution, many gaps can be formed inside rubbish, this When can be ignited with the paper scrap lighted the garbage drying of bottom, complete the starting for the first time of pyrolysis oven.

Automatic control system

Automatic control system uses microprocessor, the arithmetic unit for being included by central processing unit (CPU), controller, inside Memory, switching input module, switching value output module, Analog input mModule, analog output module are solidificated in integrated On circuit board.By touch screen operation, touch screen is arranged configuration picture, can be visually seen operation conditions.Operational mode is divided into: hand Dynamic model formula, automatic mode.

House refuse low temperature pyrogenation system of the invention can be using manually or automatically operation mode, in above-mentioned different operation Under mode, all parts of the invention (for example, temperature-adjusting device) can also be respectively manually or automatically.This field Technical staff can select suitable operation mode as the case may be.

Above-mentioned all parts can be connected to each other in any manner known to those skilled in the art, such as welding, spelling Connect, rabbet etc., or combinations thereof.Moreover, all parts in the present invention can be one or more, can it is symmetrical or Random distribution, these will be apparent from those skilled in the art.

Embodiment

In a specific embodiment, it according to the volume of pyrolysis oven, has further calculated using timber as the first energy It amount of wood needed for source carries out low temperature pyrogenation method of the present invention and demonstrates by heat-storing material of corundum-mullite in nothing Pyrolysis can be carried out continuously in the case where outside energy.

Furnace body shape and volume

Lower furnace is as cylindrical body, internal diameter 1800mm, clear height 1300mm, as the pyrolytic reaction of house refuse organic matter Room, dischargeable capacity 3.0m³；Top furnace roof is round estrade, as being pyrolyzed gas chamber after reaction；Outlet is that diameter 600mm flue is logical Flange is crossed to connect with electrical tar precipitator, corona plasma purification exhaust device.

The distribution of shaft internal structure

Shaft is divided into aqueous vapor layer (gas chamber), evaporation layer, pyrolytic layer, carburization zone and ash layering from top to bottom.

Ash layering: thickness 150mm~200mm, 80 DEG C~100 DEG C of temperature；

Pyrolytic layer: thickness 350mm~400mm, 150 DEG C~280 DEG C of temperature；

Evaporation layer: thickness 250mm~300mm, 80 DEG C~100 DEG C of temperature.

The calculating of consumption of wood when pyrolysis oven starts

Thermal energy outside domestic garbage pyrolysis needs, heat energy source when pyrolysis oven starts is in sawdust, combustion of wood when institute The heat of generation.

The calorific value of seasoned wood is about 12MJ/kg, the heat of generation:

Q_Firewood=m_Firewood·q_Firewood

If pyrolytic layer with a thickness of 400mm, volume 0.9m³, bulk density 315kg；Evaporation layer is with a thickness of 300mm, body Product is 0.77m³, bulk density 270kg.

The rubbish of pyrolytic layer is heated to 280 DEG C by 20 DEG C, and the rubbish of evaporation layer is heated to 100 DEG C by 20 DEG C, and rubbish needs The heat of absorption:

Q_{It inhales}=Cm_Pyrolysis·Δt_Pyrolysis+C·m_Evaporation·Δt_Evaporation

The thermal efficiency η of combustion of wood is 50%, meets the starting of pyrolysis domestic garbage pyrolysis and (heats) institute without heat-storing material The seasoned wood needed is acquired by following formula:

Under conditions of not considering heat-storing material energy storage institute's calorific requirement, seasoned wood (or sawdust) completely burned of 28kg is produced Raw heat can start garbage pyrolysis furnace.

The effect that heat-storing material is laid in pyrolysis oven body is the heat or heat of storing furnace sill material (sawdust) burning release Solve the heat of layer bottom semicoke carbonization release.

When continuing addition rubbish into furnace, heat-storing material releases the heat of storage, to guarantee there is foot in entire furnace Enough heats enable refuse pyrolysis to be normally carried out.

Continuous dosage 125kg/ times of rubbish, from 20 DEG C of heat absorptions to heat needed for 100 DEG C are as follows:

Q_{Wet refuse}=C_Rubbishm_{Wet refuse}Δt₁

=1.62kJ/kg DEG C × 125kg × 80 DEG C=16.2MJ

Weight is 100kg after losing 20% moisture after the rubbish heat absorption of evaporation layer addition, and temperature is 100 DEG C；Work as rubbish Rubbish falls into heat required for 280 DEG C after pyrolytic layer are as follows:

Q_{Dry rubbish}=C_Rubbishm_{Dry rubbish}Δt₂

=1.62kJ/kg DEG C × 100kg × 180 DEG C=29.16MJ

Continuous plus garbage suction total amount of heat are as follows:

Q_{It inhales}=Q_{Wet refuse}+Q_{Dry rubbish}=45.36MJ

Corundum-mullite specific heat capacity is 1.3kJ/kg DEG C, density 2700kg/m³If corundum-mullite is at 300 DEG C When to added rubbish release heat be 30%, that is, reduce 90 DEG C, then its thermal discharge are as follows:

Q_{Corundum-mullite}=C_{Corundum-mullite}·m_{Corundum-mullite}·Δt

In view of the heat loss of pyrolytic process, Q_{Corundum-mullite}η=Q_{It inhales}(η takes 60%).

The volume of heat-storing material corundum-mullite:

If using the geometry of heat-storing material for sphere, bulk density is 1/2 ρ, then volume is measured again.

That is:

V_{Corundum-mullite}=0.48m³。

Load layer, side-wall jacket geometric dimension in heat-storing material bottom

The size of heat-storing material bottom filling layer:

r²π h=0.9²× 3.14 × 0.1=0.25 (m³)

Jacket volume: 0.48m³-0.25m³=0.23m³

Collet width (R-r) are as follows:

Collet width value 50mm.

Insulation layer thickness

Insulating layer uses light-weight insulating brick, thermal coefficient 0.06W/mK (400 DEG C), bulk density 0.8-1.0g/cm³, Insulation layer thickness value 65mm.

Furnace body outer diameter

2 × 0.008m+ of steel plate accumulation of heat collet 2 × 0.05m+ internal diameter in 2 × 0.065m+ of outer 2 × 0.008m+ of steel plate insulating layer 1.8m=2.062m, value 2.00m.

Heat needed for heat-storing material

Heat needed for initial start-up has room temperature (20 DEG C) to rise to 300 DEG C:

Q_{Corundum-mullite}=C_{Corundum-mullite}M Δ t=470.4 (MJ)

If heated using timber (sawdust), it is contemplated that heat-energy losses, thermal efficiency η value 60%, then:

m_Timber·q_Timberη=470.4MJ

Total amount of heat needed for pyrolysis oven starting: 45.36MJ+470.4MJ=515.76MJ

The total amount of required sawdust:

Heat energy source

The product of organic matter pyrolysis in house refuse --- semicoke remains in bottom of furnace body pyrolytic layer lower part, and thickness is about 200mm, the volume of semicoke carbonization are 0.45m³, it is ash content in the residue of furnace body bottom pyrolysis, therefore take the volume of semicoke Amount is the 1/2 of xeothermic layer volume, i.e. 0.225m³, the density value 347.5kg/m of semicoke³, weight 78.19kg.

In the case where there is anoxic, the carbonization of semicoke substance, efficiency value 60%, the heat generated are as follows:

Q_Semicoke=m_SemicokeQ η=78.19kg × 4500kJ/kg × 60%=211.11MJ

Heat needed for heat-storing material is warming up to 300 DEG C as 200 DEG C:

Q_{Corundum-mullite}=C_{Corundum-mullite}·m·Δt

=1.3kJ/kg DEG C × 646.15kJ × 2 × 100 DEG C=168.0MJ

Q_Semicoke> Q_{Corundum-mullite}

Because semicoke substance is carbonized under anoxic conditions provides heat, heat-storing material temperature is inhaled when being lower than semicoke carburizing temperature Heat is received, so pyrolysis can be carried out continuously in the case where no extraneous energy.

Under anaerobic state, it is the endothermic reaction that rubbish, which is in pyrolysis state, in furnace, and when continuous plus rubbish, furnace temperature is reduced, this When heat discharged by heat-storing material so that pyrolytic reaction is able to carry out down.

It, can appropriate furnace when keeping in-furnace temperature fall excessive when thermal energy consumption excess in continuous plus rubbish excess or furnace The amount (anoxic or micro- peroxide) of interior oxygen allows furnace bottom semicoke accelerated carbonation to provide heat, moves in circles.

Semicoke carbonization oxygen delivery technique

Furnace bottom center vertical direction, 89 pipe of Ф 1, highly away from drop-bottom 250mm, top is slightly above pyrolytic layer start bit It sets；Along the circle of bottom Ф 1500,120 ° of angles, 89 pipe of Ф 3, highly away from drop-bottom 200mm, top is placed in pyrolysis initial position, 4 oxygen supply snorkels are arranged in furnace bottom, i.e. periphery heat-transfer pipe 22 and center heat transfer pipe 24, tube wall stomata is placed in carbonized region.

Temperature detecting point

(1) furnace bottom thermometric: thermocouple, furnace wall transverse direction center of circle direction.Detect the temperature under the carbonization of furnace bottom semicoke, pyrolysis state Degree；

(2) furnace wall thermometric: thermocouple, furnace wall transverse direction center of circle direction.Pyrolytic layer pyrolysis temperature in furnace is detected, apart from furnace body bottom It is arranged at portion 400mm；

(3) furnace wall thermometric: thermocouple, furnace wall transverse direction center of circle direction.Evaporation layer pyrolysis temperature in furnace is detected, apart from furnace body bottom It is arranged at portion 800mm；

(4) gas chamber thermometric: thermometer, furnace wall transverse direction center of circle direction.Gas chamber flue-gas temperature temperature in furnace is detected, apart from furnace body It is arranged at the 1300mm of bottom.

In-furnace temperature control and adjustment

(1) furnace wall transverse direction center of circle direction, 120 ° of angles, 89 pipe of Ф 3, highly away from drop-bottom 300mm, top is placed in pyrolysis 3 ventholes, that is, pyrolytic layer temperature control valve (TCV) 17 is arranged in position on the lower side in layer, furnace wall.

When pyrolysis temperature is higher than 300 DEG C in furnace, thermal energy, Lai Pingheng in-furnace temperature can be exchanged with the external world by regulating valve. Control for brake is realized using PLC.

(2) furnace roof rotary table body wall transverse direction center of circle direction, 120 ° of angles, 89 pipe of Ф 3 are highly set away from 100mm above fire door Set 3 ventholes i.e. gas chamber (aqueous vapor layer) temperature control valve (TCV) 13.

When gas chamber flue-gas temperature is higher than 85 DEG C, warning note can exchange thermal energy with the external world by regulating valve, carry out Balance Air Room temperature guarantees exhaust treatment system operating condition.Control for brake is realized using PLC.

Exhaust gas Integrated Processing Unit

Exhaust-gas treatment ability 1500m³/ h, the flow velocity that exhaust gas passes through honeycomb receiving electrode are 0.5m/s, then honeycomb bulk electric field is disconnected Area is 0.83m², diameter 210mm, the quantity of honeycomb receiving electrode is 21, is arranged for convenience, value 19.

Corona polar diameter 2.3mm, voltage gradient E=400V/mm, the two poles of the earth potential difference is 41.5kV.

Exhaust-gas treatment effect

In order to evaluate exhaust-gas treatment effect of the invention, the present inventor requires environmental quality inspection center, Tsinghua University to this The air quality and persistence organic pollutant of the pyrolysis emission of invention are detected.

Wherein, the detection project of air quality includes particulate matter, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen chloride, mercury, cadmium, antimony- Arsenic-lead-chromium-cobalt-copper-manganese-nickel total amount, each project are repeated three times.The detection is mainly according to " waste gas in fixed source monitoring technology Specification HJ/T397-2007 ", the instrument used include 3012H flue dust (gas) sampler, AL104-IC electronic balance, DR5000 purple Outer visible spectrophotometer, 2 icp ms of XSERIES.

The detection project of persistence organic pollutant includes dioxin (PCCD/Fs), repeats detection three times.Detect foundation For HJ77.2-2008 " the measurement isotopic dilution high resolution spectral estimation of air and wasteair dioxin Method ".The instrument and equipment used includes: TECORA ISOSTACK BASIC/G4 for sampling, HRGC-HRMS, Agilent 6890N/ Japan Electronics JMS-800D is analyzed for instrument.Pre-treating method is the following steps are included: HCl treatment (uses a certain concentration Hydrochloric acid rinse filter cylinder and with pure water rinsing, then filter cylinder is air-dried；Water lotion carries out liquid-liquid extraction, extract liquor with methylene chloride Merge with lower part extracting solution), Soxhlet extraction (filter cylinder and resin carry out 16h or more with toluene and extract), concentration segmentation (by extracting solution Merge, be concentrated, separate), purification (sulfuric acid treatment, multilayer silica gel column purification and active carbon silica gel column purification) and sample preparation (will be through work Property charcoal silica gel column purification after gained sample component be blown to most dry doubling with high pure nitrogen sample introduction internal standard be added, it is to be measured with nonane constant volume It is fixed).GC conditions are as follows, input mode: 1 μ l of Splitless injecting samples (shunts valve opening time: 1.5min)；Chromatographic column: BPX-DXN (long 60m, internal diameter 0.25mm, 0.25 μm of film thickness)；Injector temperature: 300 DEG C；Nebulizer gas pressure: 25.4psi；Heat up journey Sequence: it 130 DEG C of initial temperature, keeps being warming up to 210 DEG C with the speed of 15 DEG C/min after 1min, stop after 0min with 3 DEG C/min's Speed is warming up to 310 DEG C, is warming up to 320 DEG C again after stopping 0min with the speed of 5 DEG C/min and keeps 10min.Mass Spectrometry Conditions are such as Under, chromaticness interface temperature: 300 DEG C；Ion source temperature: 300 DEG C；Ionization current: 500 μ A；Electron impact ion source: 38eV； Acceleration voltage: 10kV；Quality standard substance: PFK；Mass resolution: > 10000.

According to above-mentioned detection method and testing conditions, the measured value of the emission of house refuse low temperature pyrogenation system of the present invention It is shown in Table 1, wherein the average limit in table 1 is from Zhong Yuanshilian Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd Q/ZYSL0002-2016 " life Temperature garbage Pyrolysis Contamination control standard " as defined in pollutant emission limit.According to table 1, measured value of the invention is complete Meet above-mentioned standard.

1 house refuse low temperature pyrogenation fire grate of table puts pollutant limit value in flue gas

Currently, country does not put into effect relevant domestic garbage pyrolysis pollutant emission standard, therefore life rubbish can be referred to The Europe and Chinese Industrial Standards (CIS) that rubbish burns, evaluate the present invention.According to table 2, Zhong Yuanshilian Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd Q/ZYSL0002-2016 " house refuse low temperature pyrogenation contamination control standard " is remote strictly in the Europe of existing consumer waste incineration Mark and national standard, and measured value of the invention is less than above-mentioned limitation more significantly.Therefore, house refuse low temperature pyrogenation system of the invention System has achieved the purpose that house refuse is smokeless, free from extraneous odour is in line, to realize the innoxious of garbage disposal, minimizing and resource Change.

2 consumer waste incineration of table and domestic garbage pyrolysis pollutant catabolic gene standard control

Finally, it is to be understood that the device being described herein above is the embodiment of present disclosure, for the disclosure The many variations of content non-limiting example and extension are also expected.Therefore, present disclosure includes device disclosed herein All novel and non-apparent combination and sub-portfolio and its any and all equivalent form.

Claims (13)

1. the cryogenic treatment process of house refuse, it is characterised in that include the following steps:

1) pyrolysis container is added in house refuse；

2) it is dehydrated the house refuse in the pyrolysis container；

3) make the house refuse low temperature pyrogenation of dehydration to generate the gaseous pollutant of semicoke and sol form；

4) so that the gaseous pollutant of sol form is emitted into exhaust-gas treatment container from the top of the pyrolysis container and carry out exhaust-gas treatment；

5) make the semicoke carbonization generated in step 3)；

6) make waste residue discharge below the pyrolysis container；

Wherein, the heat released in step 5) absorbs storage by the wall of the pyrolysis container and bottom；

Wherein the step 2) and 3) needed for energy provided by the first heat source or Secondary Heat Source；

7) 1) -6 are repeated the above steps), and energy needed for it is provided by the Secondary Heat Source,

Wherein the low temperature pyrogenation carries out under 150-280 DEG C of temperature,

The exhaust-gas treatment is carried out using electrical tar precipitator technology and corona plasma air purifying process, and described useless Exhaust gas temperature in gas disposal is 60~80 DEG C.

2. method described in claim 1, it is characterised in that the wall of the pyrolysis container and bottom include heat-storing material.

3. method as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that the heat-storing material is that cordierite or compact high-alumina or corundum do not come Stone or quartz or combinations thereof.

4. method as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that the Secondary Heat Source is the thermal energy stored in the heat-storing material.

5. method as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that heat release of the thermal energy in the carburising step.

6. the described in any item methods of claim 1-5, it is characterised in that first heat source is timber in the pyrolysis container The thermal energy or solar energy that middle burning is released.

7. the described in any item methods of claim 1-5, it is characterised in that the dehydration carries out under 80-100 DEG C of temperature.

8. the described in any item methods of claim 1-5, it is characterised in that it is described carbonization under 450-500 DEG C of temperature into Row.

9. method described in claim 1, it is characterised in that the exhaust-gas treatment container includes honeycomb receiving electrode and corona discharge electrode.

10. method as claimed in claim 9, it is characterised in that the quantity of the honeycomb receiving electrode is 19-37, and the honeycomb is heavy Form sediment extremely regular hexagon, and the inscribed circle diameter of the regular hexagon is 200-250mm.

11. method described in any one of claim 10, it is characterised in that the quantity of the honeycomb receiving electrode is 19, the regular hexagon Inscribed circle diameter be 210mm.

12. method described in any one of claim 9-11, it is characterised in that the corona polar diameter is 2.0-2.5cm.

13. method described in claim 12, it is characterised in that the corona polar diameter is 2.3cm.