CN101195752B - Low-temperature negative pressure hot distilling process technique and equipment for consumer waste - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a low-temperature negative-pressure thermal distillation processing equipment for domestic garbage, which comprises a thermal distillation furnace, a cyclone separator, a cooler, a liquid separation tank, a fan, a sealed feeding bin, and a discharging bin. The thermal distillation furnace is divided into upper and lower parts. One furnace, the lower furnace is the combustion chamber, and there is a gas outlet above the thermal distillation furnace; the upper furnace is the thermal distillation chamber, which is sealed and connected with the sealed feeding bin and the discharging bin to form a sealed transmission chamber, and the thermal distillation chamber is set in the On the top of the thermal distillation furnace, there is a flue on the periphery to communicate with the combustion chamber, and a hot distillation gas outlet is provided on the upper side, which is connected to the cyclone separator; the cyclone separator is connected with the cooler, the liquid separation tank, another cyclone separator, and the fan Sequential connection; combustion in the combustion chamber generates heat and smoke, and heats the waste in the heat distillation chamber under negative pressure. The temperature of the heat distillation chamber is between 300°C and 350°C. After heat distillation, the waste is decomposed into combustible gas, tar, Carbon black, which can be recycled, effectively inhibits the formation of dioxins and solves the problem of secondary pollution in the process of disposing of domestic waste.

Description

Domestic waste low temperature negative pressure thermal distillation treatment equipment

Technical field The present invention relates to environmental protection technology and equipment, in particular to low-temperature negative pressure thermal distillation treatment equipment for domestic waste using thermal distillation technology.

Background technology Due to the continuous growth of population and the continuous development of social industrialization, the average annual rate of garbage generated is 8-9%, and the environmental pollution caused has become increasingly serious. In the past, landfill technology was usually used to deal with life. Because many garbage is non-degradable, many cities in my country have formed a serious situation of "garbage surrounding the city". Leakage problems are common in landfills, and none of them can meet the national pollution control standards. Monitoring shows that the urban groundwater in my country has generally been polluted to varying degrees, of which 64% are heavily polluted and 33% are lightly polluted.

According to reports, many landfills in my country use the mixed landfill method. Various wastes are not classified and are piled together, and most of the landfills have only one layer of anti-seepage layer. In foreign countries, landfills are classified into categories, and the anti-seepage layer has as many as six or seven layers of structure. In China, there is still no relatively mature experience on how to quickly confirm the leakage status of landfill sites and how to treat landfill leakage after leakage.

In recent years, the technology of incinerating garbage has become more and more mature, but there are shortcomings in incineration technology. Its treatment scale is small, the equipment is expensive, and the operating cost is high. According to the report of "China Environment News" on May 12, 2006, "Waste-to-energy is a good idea, but it is not easy to promote it." Waste incineration for power generation will produce a by-product of dioxin, which is called Known by the World Health Organization as "the most toxic carcinogen", it is released into the atmosphere along with the flue gas. At present, some developed countries in foreign countries have certain restrictions on waste incineration power generation projects, and countries such as Japan even legislate to close or prohibit the construction of waste incineration facilities. At the same time, the ash and fly ash produced in the incineration contain high levels of heavy metals, and their disposal is also difficult. In some places, secondary landfills are carried out, leaving hidden dangers of secondary pollution.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The object of the present invention is to provide a low-temperature negative-pressure thermal distillation treatment equipment for domestic waste, which can reduce the operating cost of waste treatment, turn waste products into usable energy sources, and is pollution-free and does not produce secondary pollution.

In order to realize the above object of the present invention, the following technology is adopted: the thermal distillation treatment technology equipment includes a thermal distillation furnace, a cyclone separator, a cooler, a liquid separation tank, a blower fan, a sealed feeding bin, and a discharge bin, wherein the thermal distillation furnace is divided into upper and lower parts. Furnace, the lower furnace is a combustion chamber, equipped with a fire grate, which is a closed chamber, and a blower is connected under the fire grate, and the garbage slag (carbon black) after burning coal or heat distillation is put into the fire grate to burn and generate flue gas; There is a flue gas outlet above the furnace; the upper furnace is a thermal distillation chamber, which is sealed and connected with the sealed feeding bin and the discharging bin to form a sealed transmission chamber. The thermal distillation chamber is set above the thermal distillation furnace, and there are flue and The combustion chamber is connected, and there is a hot distillate gas outlet on the upper side, which is connected with the cyclone separator; the cyclone separator is connected with the cooler, liquid separation tank, another cyclone separator, and the fan in sequence; the combustion of the combustion chamber generates heat and smoke , heat the heat distillation chamber respectively, seal the feeding bin to send the drained, screened, and dried garbage into the heat distillation chamber, start the fan, generate negative pressure in the heat distillation chamber, and isolate it from the air, forming a heat distillation environment, heat distillation chamber The temperature is controlled between 300°C and 350°C, and the garbage is decomposed into hot distillation gas, garbage slag (carbon black) and waste liquid through thermal distillation.

The above-mentioned thermal distillation furnace is provided with an insulating layer, and its flue gas outlet is connected with a scrubber.

The above-mentioned heat distillation furnace contains one or more heat distillation chambers, the peripheral flue surrounds the heat distillation chamber, and the flue communicates with the combustion chamber of the lower furnace.

The above-mentioned thermal distillation chamber is provided with a feed inlet connected to the sealed feeding bin at the top, and a slag outlet connected with the sealed feeding bin at the bottom.

The fan mentioned above adopts Roots blower.

The present invention adopts the above technology, utilizes the thermal instability of the organic matter in the mixed garbage, and conducts heating and low-temperature negative pressure thermal distillation treatment under anaerobic or anoxic conditions, so that the organic matter can be thermally distilled to form various combustible gases, tar, and carbon black. , can be recycled, effectively inhibits the generation of dioxins, and solves the problem of secondary pollution in the process of disposing of domestic waste. Among them, the flue gas forms the heating chamber of the thermal distillation chamber, so that the heat energy generated by the combustion chamber can be fully utilized. In addition to processing domestic waste, this technology can also be used to process industrial waste, agricultural waste, rubber, plastic waste, hospital waste, and human and animal defecation, which is conducive to protecting the environment in urban construction.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The present invention will be further elaborated in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of thermal distillation treatment equipment of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the structural representation of thermal distillation furnace of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a working flow diagram of thermal distillation treatment in the present invention.

Specific embodiments Please refer to 1 or 2, the present invention includes a thermal distillation furnace 1, a cyclone separator 2, a cooler 3, a liquid separation tank 4, a fan 5, an air storage tank 6, and a sealed feeding bin 71 and a feeding bin 72 , the thermal distillation furnace 1 is provided with an insulating layer 11, which is divided into two furnaces, the upper and lower furnaces, the lower furnace is a combustion chamber 12, and a fire grate 121 is provided, which is a closed cavity. The final garbage slag (carbon black) is thrown into the fire grate 121 for combustion and produces flue gas; the top of the thermal distillation furnace 1 is provided with a flue gas outlet 13 to be connected with the gas scrubber 9; 71. The discharge bin 72 is sealed and connected, the top is provided with a feed port 151 connected to the sealed feed bin 71, and the bottom is provided with a slag discharge port 152 connected with the sealed discharge bin 72 to form a sealed transfer chamber. The heat distillation chamber 15 and The sealed feeding bin 71 and the discharging bin 72 are connected and conveyed by screw conveyors 711 and 721; the heat distillation chamber 15 is set above the heat distillation furnace 1, and there may be one or more than one, and a flue 16 is arranged around the heat distillation chamber , communicate with the combustion chamber 12 of the lower furnace, and the upper side is provided with a hot distillate gas outlet 153, which is connected with the cyclone separator 2; the cyclone separator 2 is connected with the cooler 3, the separator tank 4, another cyclone separator 8, the fan 5. The gas storage tanks 6 are connected in sequence, the blower 5 is a Roots blower, and a stirring device 155 is also provided in the thermal distillation chamber 15; the combustion in the combustion chamber 12 generates heat and flue gas, which heat the thermal distillation chamber 15 respectively, and seal the feeding bin 71. The drained, sieved, and dried garbage is conveyed by screw 711 into the heat distillation chamber 15, and the blower fan 5 is started. Negative pressure is generated in the heat distillation chamber 15 and is isolated from the air to form a heat distillation environment. The temperature is controlled between 300°C and 350°C, and the garbage is decomposed into hot distillation gas, garbage slag (carbon black) and waste liquid through thermal distillation. Garbage slag (carbon black) is sent into the discharge bin 72 by the screw conveyor 721; the hot distillate gas enters the cyclone separator 2, and the carbon black is separated, and then enters the cooler 3 and the separator tank 4, and the waste liquid is separated, and the waste liquid includes There are oily sewage and water-containing tar, and then enter another cyclone separator 8 to separate the tar and waste liquid, and the separated hot distillation gas is sent to the gas storage tank 8 by the Roots blower for standby. Hot distillation gases include methane, ethane, ethylene, propane, propylene, isopropylene, butane, 1-butane, isobutene, pentane, and carbon monoxide. The carbon black and waste liquid are filtered through a filter, and the carbon black and tar are precipitated, and recycled into the thermal distillation furnace 1 for combustion.

As shown in Figure 3, the embodiment of the present invention: domestic garbage enters the storage bin, drains, dries, and then sieves and separates glass bottles, coal cinders, and fine soil, etc., then dries the garbage again, and then sends it into the sealed feeding bin 71. The screw conveyor 711 is sent to the heat distillation chamber 15 of the heat distillation furnace 1, and the Roots blower makes the sealed heat distillation chamber 15 form a negative pressure, and the combustion chamber 12 of the heat distillation furnace 1 burns to generate heat and flue gas, respectively to the heat distillation chamber 15 Fully heated, the temperature of the thermal distillation chamber 15 is controlled by a temperature controller or manually, and is controlled between 300°C and 350°C, because the boiling point of the thermal distillation product is lowered under negative pressure, and thermal distillation can be realized at a low temperature. The result is hot distillate gas, carbon black and soot. Garbage slag (carbon black) is sent into the discharge bin 72 by the screw conveyor 721; the soot enters the gas scrubber 9 and is washed by low-solubility sodium hydroxide, enters the activated carbon adsorption layer, and is discharged from the chimney; the hot distillation gas exits the heating distillation chamber After 15, it enters the cyclone separator 2 to separate the carbon black, then enters the cooler 3 and the liquid separation tank 4, and separates the waste liquid respectively, and then enters another cyclone separator 8 to separate the tar and waste liquid, and is separated by another cyclone separator 8. The hot distillate gas from the separator 8 is connected to the Roots blower, compressed and cooled, and put into the gas storage tank 6 for standby; the waste liquid is decomposed into water, tar and combustible gas after being heated and cooled; the carbon black is filtered and precipitated Backup.

Claims (11)

1. domestic refuse low-temperature negative pressure hot distilling treatment facility, comprise that hot furnace, cyclonic separator, water cooler, branch flow container, blower fan and sealing add feed bin, go out feed bin, it is characterized in that: hot furnace divides two stoves up and down, following stove is the combustion chamber, be provided with fire grate, be closed cavities, be connected with gas blower under the fire grate, the rubbish slag that coal-fired or heat is heated up in a steamer after the processing drops into burning and generation flue gas on the fire grate; The hot furnace top is provided with the air outlet of flue gas; Last stove is that heat is heated up in a steamer the chamber, adds feed bin with sealing, goes out feed bin and be tightly connected, and forms the sealing transmission cavity, and heat is heated up in a steamer the chamber and is set in the hot furnace top, and periphery is provided with flue and communicates with the combustion chamber, is provided with heat above the side and heats up in a steamer the gas air outlet, is connected with cyclonic separator; Cyclonic separator is connected in regular turn with water cooler, branch flow container, another cyclonic separator, blower fan; Combustion chambers burn produces heat and flue gas, respectively heat is heated up in a steamer the chamber heating, sealing adds feed bin, go out feed bin will send into heat through draining, screening, exsiccant rubbish and heat up in a steamer the chamber, start blower fan, heat is heated up in a steamer indoor generation negative pressure, and isolated with air, forms heat and heats up in a steamer environment, the temperature that heat is heated up in a steamer the chamber is controlled between 300 ℃～350 ℃, and rubbish is separated into heat through overheated cut and heated up in a steamer gas, rubbish slag and waste liquid.

2. domestic refuse low-temperature negative pressure hot distilling treatment facility as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: its hot furnace is provided with thermal insulation layer.

3. domestic refuse low-temperature negative pressure hot distilling treatment facility as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that: the flue gas air outlet of its hot furnace is connected with scrubber tower.

4. domestic refuse low-temperature negative pressure hot distilling treatment facility as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: contain more than one heat in its hot furnace and heat up in a steamer the chamber.

5. as claim 1 or 4 described domestic refuse low-temperature negative pressure hot distilling treatment facilities, it is characterized in that: the flue that its heat is heated up in a steamer the chamber periphery heats up in a steamer the chamber round heat, and flue communicates with the combustion chamber of following stove.

6. as claim 1 or 4 described domestic refuse low-temperature negative pressure hot distilling treatment facilities, it is characterized in that: its heat is heated up in a steamer and is provided with whipping appts in the chamber.

7. as claim 1 or 4 described domestic refuse low-temperature negative pressure hot distilling treatment facilities, it is characterized in that: its heat is heated up in a steamer chamber top and is provided with sealing and adds the opening for feed that feed bin is connected, and the below is provided with the slag notch that is connected with the sealed discharging storehouse.

8. domestic refuse low-temperature negative pressure hot distilling treatment facility as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that: its heat is heated up in a steamer the chamber and is added feed bin with sealing, goes out feed bin and be connected and transmit adopt screw conveyer.

9. as claim 1 or 4 described domestic refuse low-temperature negative pressure hot distilling treatment facilities, it is characterized in that: its heat is heated up in a steamer heat that the chamber produces and is heated up in a steamer gas and enter cyclonic separator, isolate tar, then enter water cooler and divide flow container, isolate waste liquid, waste liquid includes oily(waste)water and moisture tar, enters cyclonic separator again and isolates tar and waste liquid, and the heat after the separation is heated up in a steamer gas and sent into gas-holder by blower fan.

10. domestic refuse low-temperature negative pressure hot distilling treatment facility as claimed in claim 9 is characterized in that: carbon black in its rubbish slag and waste liquid filter, are settled out carbon black and tar through strainer, are recovered into the hot furnace burning.

11. domestic refuse low-temperature negative pressure hot distilling treatment facility as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: its blower fan adopts roots blower.

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