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CN106966607B - 包含Ni和/或Ti的阻挡层、包括所述阻挡层的涂层制品及其制造方法 - Google Patents

包含Ni和/或Ti的阻挡层、包括所述阻挡层的涂层制品及其制造方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106966607B
CN106966607B CN201610891385.4A CN201610891385A CN106966607B CN 106966607 B CN106966607 B CN 106966607B CN 201610891385 A CN201610891385 A CN 201610891385A CN 106966607 B CN106966607 B CN 106966607B
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layer
coated article
oxide
upper contact
coating
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CN106966607A (zh
Inventor
理查德·布莱克
马库斯·弗兰克
穆罕默德·伊姆兰
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Guardian Industries Corp
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Guardian Industries Corp
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03CCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C17/00Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
    • C03C17/34Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
    • C03C17/36Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
    • C03C17/3602Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer
    • C03C17/3605Coatings of the type glass/metal/inorganic compound
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    • C03C17/00Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
    • C03C17/34Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
    • C03C17/36Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
    • C03C17/3602Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer
    • C03C17/3618Coatings of type glass/inorganic compound/other inorganic layers, at least one layer being metallic
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
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    • C03C17/00Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
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    • C03C17/00Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
    • C03C17/34Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
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    • C03C17/34Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
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    • C03C17/3602Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer
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    • C03C17/36Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
    • C03C17/3602Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer
    • C03C17/3644Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer the metal being silver
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    • C03C17/00Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
    • C03C17/34Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
    • C03C17/36Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
    • C03C17/3602Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer
    • C03C17/3652Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer the coating stack containing at least one sacrificial layer to protect the metal from oxidation
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    • C03C17/00Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
    • C03C17/34Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
    • C03C17/36Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
    • C03C17/3602Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer
    • C03C17/3657Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer the multilayer coating having optical properties
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    • C03C17/00Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
    • C03C17/34Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
    • C03C17/36Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
    • C03C17/3602Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer
    • C03C17/3657Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer the multilayer coating having optical properties
    • C03C17/366Low-emissivity or solar control coatings
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    • C03C17/00Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
    • C03C17/34Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
    • C03C17/36Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
    • C03C17/3602Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer
    • C03C17/3681Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer the multilayer coating being used in glazing, e.g. windows or windscreens
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    • C03C27/00Joining pieces of glass to pieces of other inorganic material; Joining glass to glass other than by fusing
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    • C03C27/00Joining pieces of glass to pieces of other inorganic material; Joining glass to glass other than by fusing
    • C03C27/06Joining glass to glass by processes other than fusing
    • C03C27/10Joining glass to glass by processes other than fusing with the aid of adhesive specially adapted for that purpose
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2255/00Coating on the layer surface
    • B32B2255/20Inorganic coating
    • B32B2255/205Metallic coating
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    • C03C2218/00Methods for coating glass
    • C03C2218/10Deposition methods
    • C03C2218/15Deposition methods from the vapour phase
    • C03C2218/154Deposition methods from the vapour phase by sputtering
    • C03C2218/155Deposition methods from the vapour phase by sputtering by reactive sputtering
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
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    • E06B3/00Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
    • E06B3/66Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06BFIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B3/00Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
    • E06B3/66Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together
    • E06B3/6612Evacuated glazing units
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06BFIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B3/00Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
    • E06B3/66Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together
    • E06B3/67Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together characterised by additional arrangements or devices for heat or sound insulation or for controlled passage of light
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06BFIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B3/00Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
    • E06B3/66Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together
    • E06B3/67Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together characterised by additional arrangements or devices for heat or sound insulation or for controlled passage of light
    • E06B3/6715Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together characterised by additional arrangements or devices for heat or sound insulation or for controlled passage of light specially adapted for increased thermal insulation or for controlled passage of light
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02BCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B80/00Architectural or constructional elements improving the thermal performance of buildings
    • Y02B80/22Glazing, e.g. vaccum glazing

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Surface Treatment Of Glass (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Securing Of Glass Panes Or The Like (AREA)
  • Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)
  • Physical Vapour Deposition (AREA)

Abstract

某些示例性实施方式涉及一种涂层制品及其制造方法,所述涂层制品在低‑E涂层中包括至少一个诸如银等的材料的红外(IR)反射层。在某些情形中,所述涂层的至少一层是或包括镍和/或钛(例如NixTiyOz)。包含镍钛和/或其氧化物的层的装置可以允许使用良好附着于所述IR反射层并降低可见光的吸收(获得具有较高可见光透射率的涂层制品)的层。当将包括镍钛氧化物的层直接形成在所述IR反射层上方和/或下方(例如作为阻挡层)时,其可以产生提高的化学和机械耐久性。因此,如果需要,可以提高可见光透射率而不损失耐久性;或者可以简单地提高耐久性。

Description

包含Ni和/或Ti的阻挡层、包括所述阻挡层的涂层制品及其制 造方法
本申请将题为“包括低辐射涂层的涂层制品、包括所述涂层制品的绝缘玻璃装置和/或其制造方法”(Coated Article Including Low-Emissivity Coating,InsulatingGlass Unit Including Coated article,and/or Methods of Making theSame)的美国申请系列号13/064,066(律师代理案号3691-2319)以及题为“包含含镍三元合金的阻挡层、包括所述阻挡层的涂层制品及其制造方法”(Barrier Layers ComprisingNi-Inclusive Ternary Alloys,Coated Articles Including Barrier Layers,andMethods of Making the Same)的美国申请系列号13/064,064(律师代理案号3691-2315)的全部内容引为参考。
技术领域
本申请的某些示例性实施方式涉及一种涂层制品,其在低-E涂层中包括至少一个诸如银等的材料的红外(IR)反射层。在某些实施方式中,所述涂层的至少一层是或包括镍和/或钛(例如NixTiy、NixTiyOz等)。在某些示例性实施方式中,包含镍钛和/或其氧化物的层的装置可以允许使用良好附着于所述红外反射层并降低可见光的吸收(获得具有较高可见光透射率的涂层制品)的层。在某些示例性实施方式中,当将包含镍钛氧化物的层直接形成在所述红外反射层上方和/或下方(例如作为阻挡层)时,其产生提高的化学和机械耐久性。因此,在某些示例性实施方式中,如果需要,可以提高可见光透射率,同时降低对耐久性的影响。本文中的涂层制品可用于绝缘玻璃(IG)窗装置、车窗的情形中,或用于其他适合的应用例如单片整体窗应用、夹层窗等。
背景技术
已知涂层制品在本技术领域中用于窗应用例如绝缘玻璃(IG)窗装置、车窗、单片整体窗等。在某些示例性情形中,涂层制品的设计者通常谋求高可见光透射率、低辐射率(或低发射率)和/或低方块电阻(Rs)的组合。高可见光透射率可允许将涂层制品用于需要这些特征的应用例如建筑或车窗应用中,而低辐射率(低-E)和低方块电阻特征允许这样的涂层制品有可能阻挡显著量的红外辐射,以便降低例如车辆或建筑物内部不想要的受热。因此,通常,对于在建筑玻璃上用于阻断显著量的红外辐射的涂层来说,通常需要在可见光谱中具有高透射率。
低-E涂层中的红外反射层影响整个涂层,并且在某些情况下红外反射层是层堆中最敏感的层。不幸的是,包含银的红外反射层有时可能由于沉积过程、随后的大气过程和/或热处理而受到损伤。在某些情况下,在将其他层沉积在银基层的上方时,低-E涂层中的银基层可能需要防止受到存在的氧的影响。如果涂层中的红外反射层未得到充分保护,涂层制品的耐久性、可见光透射率和/或其他光学特征可能受损。
因此,本领域技术人员将会认识到,对具有改进的耐久性和改进或基本上不变的光学性质的低-E涂层存在着需求。
发明内容
本发明的某些示例性实施方式涉及与包含银的红外反射层联合使用的改进的阻挡层材料。在某些情形中,所述改进的阻挡层材料可使得涂层制品的耐久性获得改善。
某些示例性实施方式涉及涂层制品的制造方法。将第一介电层配置在玻璃基材上。将下部接触层配置在所述第一介电层上方。将红外(IR)反射层配置在所述第一接触层上方并与其相接触。将包含Ni和Ti的氧化物的上部接触层配置在所述红外反射层上方并与其相接触。将包含硅的氧化物和/或氮化物的层配置在所述上部接触层上方作为涂层的最外层。
某些示例性实施方式涉及涂层制品的制造方法。将第一介电层配置在玻璃基材上。将下部接触层配置在所述第一介电层上方。将红外(IR)反射层配置在所述第一接触层上方并与其相接触。通过在涂层制造中由包含约1至50%的Ni和约50至99%的Ti(以重量计)的靶来溅射镍和钛,在所述红外反射层上方形成与其相接触的上部接触层。
某些示例性实施方式还涉及通过上述和/或其他方法之一制造的涂层制品和/或IG装置。
附图说明
图1是本发明的示例性实施方式的涂层制品的横截面图。
图2是本发明的另一种示例性实施方式的涂层制品的横截面图。
图3是本发明的另外一种示例性实施方式的涂层制品的横截面图。
图4是本发明的又一种示例性实施方式的涂层制品的横截面图。
图5是本发明的再一种示例性实施方式的涂层制品的横截面图。
具体实施方式
现在参考附图,其中在整个这几张图中,类似的参考号表示类似部件。
本文中的涂层制品可用于涂层制品应用例如单片整体窗、IG窗装置、车窗中,和/或包括单个或多个基材例如玻璃基材的任何其他合适应用中。
正如上面指出的,在某些情形中,低-E涂层中的银基层在后续过程期间可能需要保护。例如,用于沉积后续层的等离子体中的氧可以被高度电离,并且银基层被它破坏。此外,在沉积后的“大气过程”中,银基层可能容易受到来自于氧、湿气、酸、碱等的攻击的影响。如果位于银基层与大气之间的层具有任何缺陷,使得所述银基层未被完全覆盖(例如刮擦、针眼等),情况可能尤为如此。
此外,在某些示例性实施方式中,在热处理期间可能出现问题。在那些情形中,氧可能扩散到银基层中。在某些示例性实施方式中,到达银基层的氧可能例如通过降低方块电阻、影响辐射率和/或产生模糊等影响其性质,并可能引起层堆的性能降低。
因此,在某些示例性实施方式中,在低-E涂层中可以将阻挡层与银基层(和/或其他红外反射层)一起使用,以便降低某些或全部上述和/或其他问题的发生率。
过去,阻挡层材料包含薄金属层例如Al,其在某些示例性情形中在随后的氧化过程期间被氧化。在其他情形中,也使用基于铟锡氧化物(ITO)的层。然而,在某些这样的情形中,这些材料可能使整个层堆的光学性质和/或耐久性受损。
在某些情形中,诸如铬的材料可用于阻挡层中,特别是在建筑市场中使用的具有低-E涂层的涂层制品中。然而,在某些示例性实施方式中,铬可能吸收显著量的可见光。氧化铬在550nm处的吸收率k为0.033942。因此,如果包含铬的层过厚和/或未被充分氧化,涂层制品的可见光透射率可能降低。然而,如果阻挡层厚度不足,包含银的层可能不能得到充分保护。
可以使用的另一种阻挡层材料是钛(例如TiOx)。然而,钛与红外反射层、特别是包含银的红外反射层缺乏附着。因此,当使用由Ti和/或其氧化物构成或基本上由其构成的材料作为阻挡层以保护包含银的层时,涂层制品的耐久性可能受损和/或降低。
鉴于上述,有利的是提供一种阻挡层,其包含在银(和/或红外反射层)与阻挡层材料之间的界面处具有足够附着性的材料,其中所述阻挡层材料的氧化物在可见光谱范围内具有较低吸收。
本发明的某些实施方式涉及一种涂层制品,其包括至少一个承载涂层的玻璃基材。涂层通常具有至少一个红外(IR)反射层,其反射和/或阻挡至少一些IR辐射。在本发明的不同实施方式中,红外反射层可以是或包括诸如银、金、NiCr等的材料。通常,IR反射层被夹在涂层的至少第一和第二接触层之间。
在本发明的某些示例性实施方式中,令人吃惊地发现,在这样的涂层中提供基本上由镍和/或钛的氧化物(例如NixTiy或NixTiyOz等)构成或包含所述氧化物的层作为接触层(例如与IR反射层相接触),出人意料地以不显著降低涂层制品的其他光学性质例如可见光透射率和/或颜色的方式,改善了涂层的机械和化学耐久性。在本发明的不同实施方式中,可以在给定涂层中提供一个或多个这样的含有镍和/或钛的层(在某些示例性实施方式中其可能被氧化)。此外,在本发明的不同实施方式中,可以在任何类型的日光控制或低-E(低辐射率或低发射率)涂层中提供这样的含有镍和/或钛的层(例如作为接触层),并且除非在权利要求书中叙述,否则在本文中描述的特定的低-E涂层仅仅是出于示例目的。在某些示例性实施方式中,当提供包含镍钛氧化物的层作为涂层制品的上部接触层(例如在银基红外反射层上方)时,这引起化学和机械耐久性提高。已令人吃惊地发现,在这一方面(例如作为接触层)使用镍钛氧化物层提高了涂层制品的化学和机械耐久性,并且还发现其提高(或至少不显著降低)涂层制品的可见光透射率。
在某些示例性实施方式中,可以提供包含镍钛和/或其氧化物的阻挡层。这种Ni和Ti的组合可以提供良好附着和较低吸收,这两者在某些示例性实施方式中都是低-E涂层的所需品质。有利地是,包含镍钛和/或其氧化物(例如NixTiy、NixTiyOz等)的阻挡层的装置可以允许使用具有单一红外反射层(例如银)的耐用的单片整体涂层制品,而不会由于红外反射层的保护不足引起涂层性质降低。
图1是本发明的示例性实施方式的涂层制品的横截面图。在某些示例性实施方式中,图1中示出的涂层制品可以用作在表面1和/或2上具有低-E涂层的单片整体窗,其中所述低-E涂层仅包括单一红外反射层。然而,在其他示例性实施方式中,图1中的涂层制品可能包含其他层。此外,按照本文描述的示例性实施方式制造的涂层制品,根据不同的示例性实施方式和应用,可用于在表面1、2、3和/或4上具有涂层的绝缘玻璃装置(IGU);可用于具有紧靠表面2和/或3的界面层嵌入或暴露于表面4上的涂层的层压单片整体;可用于具有带有紧靠表面2和/或3上的界面层嵌入或暴露于表面4上的涂层的层压外侧面的层压IGU;可用于具有暴露于表面3和/或6上或嵌入在表面4和/或5上的涂层的层压内侧面的层压IGU。换句话说,在不同的示例性实施方式中,该涂层可以单片整体使用,或用于包含两个或以上基材的IG装置中,或不止一次用于玻璃装置中,并且可以提供在装置的任何表面上。
涂层制品包括玻璃基材1(例如约1.0至10.0mm厚、更优选地约1.0mm至6.0mm厚的透明、绿色、青铜色或蓝绿色玻璃基材),以及直接或间接提供在基材上的多层涂层35(或层系统)。
如图1中所示,涂层35包含任选的介电层3和/或5;下部接触层7,其可以是或包括镍和/或钛和/或其氧化物(例如NixTiy、NixTiyOz等),或者其可以是另一种适合的接触层材料例如Zn、Ni、Cr及其组合的氧化物和/或氮化物等;红外反射层9,其包括银、金等中的一种或多种;上部接触层11,其是或包括镍和/或钛和/或其氧化物(例如NixTiy、NixTiyOz等)或另一种适合的接触层材料;任选的介电层13和/或15;以及介电层16,其是或包括诸如氧化硅、氮化硅、氧氮化硅、氧化锆、氧氮化锆或氧氮化锆硅的材料,并且在某些示例性情形中其可以作为保护性外层。在本发明的某些示例性实施方式中,还可以提供其他层和/或材料,并且在某些示例性情形中也可能可以除去或分开某些层。根据不同的示例性实施方式,可以提供或可以不提供层16。
按照不同的示例性实施方式,任选的介电层3和/或5可以包含氮化硅、氧化钛、氧化锡、氧化硅、氧氮化硅和/或其他介电材料。
红外(IR)反射层9优选地基本上或完全是金属的和/或导电的,并且可以包含银(Ag)、金或任何其他适合的红外反射材料,或基本上由这些材料构成。红外反射层9帮助使涂层具有低-E和/或良好的日光控制特征例如低发射率、低方块电阻等。然而,在本发明的某些实施方式中,红外反射层9可能被轻微氧化。
在不同的示例性实施方式中,图1中示出并在本文中描述的红外反射层可以包含银或基本上由银构成。因此,应该认识到,某些示例性实施方式可能包括银合金。在这样的情形中,Ag可以与适合量的Zr、Ti、Ni、Cr、Pd和/或其组合形成合金。在某些示例性实施方式中,Ag可以与Pd和Cu两者形成合金,其中Pd和Cu各为约0.5-2%(以重量或原子%计)。其他可能的合金包括Ag和下列中的一种或多种Co、C、Mg、Ta、W、NiMg、PdGa、CoW、Si、Ge、Au、Pt、Ru、Sn、Al、Mn、V、In、Zn、Ir、Rh和/或Mo形成的合金。一般来说,掺杂物浓度可以在0.2-5%的范围内(以重量或原子%计),更优选地在0.2-2.5%之间。控制在这些范围内可以帮助银保持银基层所需的光学特性,否则其可能由于形成合金而丧失,由此帮助保持层堆的整体光学特性,同时还提高化学、腐蚀和/或机械耐久性。本文中标出的示例性Ag合金靶材料可以使用单一靶进行溅射,通过使用两种(或以上)靶共同溅射来沉积等。除了提供改进的耐腐蚀性之外,Ag合金的使用在某些情形中可以帮助降低银在高温下的扩散率,同时也帮助降低或阻挡氧在层堆中移动的量。这可以进一步提高银扩散率,并且可能改变那些可能引起不良耐久性的Ag的生长和结构性质。
上部和下部接触层7和11可以是或包括Ni和/或Ti和/或其氧化物和/或氮化物。在某些示例性实施方式中,上部和下部接触层7、11可以是或包括镍(Ni)、钛(Ti)、铬/铬合金(Cr)、镍合金例如镍钛(NiTi)和/或镍铬(例如NiCr)、海恩斯合金、锌、任何这些材料的氧化物、氮化物或氧氮化物(例如NixTiyOz),或其他适合材料。例如,这些层中的一个可以是或包括氧化锌来代替NiTi(和/或其氧化物)。
在某些示例性情形中,在这些层中使用例如NiTi和/或NixTiyOz使涂层制品的耐久性和/或可见光透射率提高。在某些示例性实施方式中,由于CrOx的吸收为k(550nm)=0.033942,因此即使是完全氧化的NiCrOx层也可能具有相对高的残留吸收。然而,有利的是,已发现由于TiOx与CrOx相比具有明显更低的吸收,因此在某些示例性实施方式中,在阻挡层中包含TiOx可能导致涂层制品更高的可见光透射率。例如,TiOx在550nm处的吸收k为0.004806,这几乎是CrOx的吸收的十分之一。因此,当在阻挡层中使用比CrOx的吸收更低的金属或金属氧化物时,可以提高涂层制品的可见光透射率。
然而,在某些示例性实施方式中,包含TiOx的阻挡层可能不能充分附着于红外反射层。因此,如果使用仅由TiOx构成的阻挡层,涂层制品的耐久性可能受损。有利的是,已发现通过使用包含不能良好附着于红外反射层的材料与Ti和/或TiOx的合金,涂层制品的耐久性不受用Ti和/或TiOx(或具有相对低的吸收的任何材料)替代Cr和/或CrOx的损害。有利的是,据认为Ni与红外反射层附着良好。因此,使用包括Ni和Ti及其氧化物和/或氮化物的阻挡层,可以有利地获得具有改进的可见光透射率和足够的耐久性的涂层制品。
在本发明的不同实施方式中,在整个红外反射层上,接触层7和11(例如是或包括Ni和/或Ti)可能是连续的或可能不是连续的。在某些示例性实施方式中,NiTi层7和11之一或两者包括约1-50%的Ni和约50-99%的Ti。一种实例是80%的Ti和20%的Ni。在某些示例性实施方式中,包含NixTiy的层可能被完全和/或部分氧化。这种氧化可能在层被沉积时发生,或者可能由接触层沉积后进行的过程,例如随后的层在氧存在下的沉积、热处理等造成。
然而,不论是否存在氧,Ni和Ti仍可能以与上面讨论的相同的比例存在。例如,甚至在包含镍钛氧化物的层中,Ni与Ti的比例仍可以为约1:99至50:50(NixTiy的百分率和比例以重量计给出)。
正如上面提到的,在本发明的某些实施方式中NixTiy和/或NixTiyOz层7和/或11可能被完全氧化(例如完全化学定量的),或者也可以仅仅被部分氧化(例如低于化学定量的)(在任选的HT之前和/或之后)。在其他情形中,层7和/或11可以作为金属层沉积,并且可以在沉积后过程,例如随后的层在氧存在下的沉积、热处理等期间,被完全或部分氧化。在某些情形中,NixTiy和/或NixTiyOz层7和/或11可以被氧化至少约50%。
在本发明的不同实施方式中,接触层7和/或11(例如是或包括Ni和/或Ti的氧化物)可能被或可能不被氧化分级。正如本领域中公知的,氧化分级包括通过层的厚度改变层中的氧化程度,以便例如可以将接触层分级成使得在与紧邻的红外反射层9的接触界面处,与接触层的进一步或更/最远离紧邻的红外反射层的部分处相比,氧化程度更低。各种类型的氧化分级接触层的描述提供在美国专利号6,576,349中,其公开内容在此引为参考。在本发明的不同实施方式中,在整个红外反射层9上,接触层7、11(例如是或包括Ni和/或Ti的氧化物)可能是连续的或可能是不连续的。
在其他示例性实施方式中,IR反射层下方的接触层(例如下部接触层7)可以是或包括锌和/或其氧化物。
在本发明的某些示例性实施方式中,任选的介电层13和/或15可以是或包括氮化硅(例如SixNy)或任何其他适合的材料例如氧化钛、氧化锡、氧氮化硅和/或氧化硅。这些层可能对耐久性问题有帮助,和/或也可保护下方的层,并且在某些情形中,任选地用于抗反射目的。
还可以包括含有例如氧化锆的任选的外层16。在此引为参考的美国专利申请系列号12/213,879讨论了与使用氧化锆作为外层相关的优点。在其他示例性实施方式中,任选的外层16可以是或包括氮化硅、氧化硅和/或氧氮化硅。在其他示例性实施方式中,任选的外层16还可以包括其他含锆化合物。
在某些示例性实施方式中,图1中示出的涂层制品可以用作带有具有单一红外反射层的低-E涂层的单片整体窗。然而,在其他示例性实施方式中,本文所述的涂层制品可以与任何数量的红外反射层一起使用,并且可能与任何数量的其他玻璃基材组合以产生层压和/或绝缘玻璃装置。根据不同的示例性实施方式,所述涂层也可以与IGU、VIG、汽车玻璃和任何其他应用联合使用。
图2是具有单一红外反射层的低-E涂层35’的另一种示例性实施方式。在图2的实施方式中,使用基于NixTiyOz的层作为上部和下部接触层。此外在图2中,使用氮化硅基的层作为介电层3,而介电层5被省略。介电层13包含氮化硅,并且外层16被省略,这是由于在图2的实施方式中介电层13也可以帮助起到外层的作用(例如通过保护位于下方的层)。在某些示例性实施方式中,图2的涂层制品可以具有提高的可见光透射率,并且也可以具有提高和/或基本上不受影响的化学和机械耐久性。
表1:
示例性材料/厚度;图2的实施方式
表2
示例性特征:图2的实施方式
在某些示例性实施方式中,图2的示例性实施方式可具有约11.15欧姆/平方的方块电阻。然而,正如本领域普通技术人员所知的,可以通过调整Ag基层的厚度等来调节方块电阻和/或发射率。
换句话说,在某些示例性实施方式中,具有一个红外反射层的单片整体涂层制品在沉积时可以具有至少约55%、优选地至少约60%、更优选地至少约65%、有时至少约67%的可见光透射率。在热处理后,单片整体涂层制品可以具有更高的可见光透射率,例如至少约60%、更优选地约65%以上,例如约70%的透射率。
在涂层后,制品可以具有约0至5、更优选地约1至4的玻璃侧a*值,在某些示例性实施方式中其实例为3.5左右。在涂层后,制品可以具有约0至10、更优选地约1至7的玻璃侧b*值,在某些示例性实施方式中其实例为6.7左右。在某些情形中,在涂层后制品可以具有约0至5、更优选地约1至4的薄膜侧a*值,其实例为3.7左右。在其他示例性实施方式中,制品可以具有约-10至1、更优选地约-8至-2的薄膜侧b*值,其实例为约-7.18。
在热处理(在表2中用“HT”表示)后,制品可以具有约0至10、更优选地约1至8的玻璃侧a*值,在某些示例性实施方式中其实例为7.25左右。在涂层后,制品可以具有约0至10、更优选地约1至9的玻璃侧b*值,在某些示例性实施方式中其实例为8.14左右。在某些情形中,在涂层后制品可以具有约0至8、更优选地约1至6的薄膜侧a*值,其实例为5.92左右。在其他示例性实施方式中,制品可以具有约-8至1、更优选地约-6至-2的薄膜侧b*值,其实例为约-4.9。
图3是具有单一红外反射层的低-E涂层35’’的另一种示例性实施方式。图3与图1和图2的实施方式类似,但是在图3的实施方式中,使用基于NixTiyOz的层作为上部接触层11,而使用基于氧化锌的层作为下部接触层7。此外,在图3中,使用基于氮化硅的层作为介电层3,而介电层5被省略。在图3的实施方式中,介电层13包含氮化硅。在某些示例性实施方式中,图3的涂层制品可以具有提高和/或不受影响的化学和机械耐久性,并且也可以具有提高的可见光透射率。
图4是本发明的示例性实施方式的涂层制品的横截面图。在某些示例性实施方式中,图4中示出的涂层制品可以被用作具有双红外反射层的低-E涂层的单片整体窗。涂层制品包括玻璃基材1(例如约1.0至10.0mm厚、更优选地约1.0mm至6.0mm厚的透明、绿色、青铜色或蓝绿色玻璃基材),以及直接或间接地提供在基材上的多层涂层(或层系统)。与图1类似,图4的涂层45包括可选的介电层3和/或5,第一下部接触层7,包括或者是银、金等的第一红外反射层9,包括或者是镍钛氧化物(例如NixTiyOz)的第一上部接触层11,任选的介电层13和/或15(例如是或包括氮化硅),第二下部接触层17,第二红外反射层19,第二上部接触层21,任选的介电层23和/或25,以及任选的介电层16,其是或包括诸如氮化硅、氧氮化硅、氧化锆、氧氮化锆或氧氮化锆硅的材料,并且在某些示例性情形中可以是保护性外层。在本发明的某些示例性实施方式中也可以提供其他层和/或材料,并且在某些示例性情形中可能也可除去或分开某些层。
在某些示例性实施方式中,接触层7、11、17和21中仅有一个可能包含镍钛和/或其氧化物和/或氮化物。在其他示例性实施方式中,上部接触层可以是或包括NixTiy和/或NixTiyOz,而下部接触层可以是或包括锌、镍、铬、钛的氧化物和/或氮化物和/或这些材料的组合。然而,在其他示例性实施方式中,超过一个或甚至所有的接触层可以是或包括镍钛和/或其氧化物和/或氮化物。
图5是本发明的另一种示例性实施方式的涂层制品的横截面图。在某些示例性实施方式中,图5中示出的涂层制品可以包括3个红外反射层(例如三个银层堆)。涂层制品包括玻璃基材1(例如约1.0至10.0mm厚、更优选地约1.0mm至6.0mm厚的透明、绿色、青铜色或蓝绿色玻璃基材),以及直接或间接地提供在基材上的多层涂层55(或层系统)。
在某些示例性实施方式中,图5的涂层55可以包含是或包括氮化硅的任选的介电层3,是或包括氧化钛的任选的介电层5,是或包括氧化锌的下部接触层7,是或包括银的红外反射层9,是或包括Ni和/或Cr或其氧化物的上部接触层11,是或包括氧化钛的任选的介电层12,是或包括氧化锡的任选的介电层13,是或包括氮化硅(或某些其他含硅材料或其他材料)的介电层14,是或包括氧化锡的介电层15,是或包括氧化锌的第二下部接触层17,是或包括银的第二红外反射层19,是或包括镍和/或钛或其氧化物的第二上部接触层21,是或包括氧化锡的介电层23,是或包括氮化硅(或某些其他含硅材料或其他材料)的介电层24,是或包括氧化锡的介电层24,是或包括氧化锌的第三下部接触层27,是或包括银的第三红外反射层29,是或包括Ni和/或Ti或其氧化物的第三上部接触层31,是或包括氧化锡的介电层32,以及是或包括氮化硅的介电层16,其在某些示例性情形中可以是保护性外层。在本发明的某些示例性实施方式中也可以提供其他层和/或材料,并且在某些示例性情形中可能也可以除去或分开某些层。此外,在其他示例性实施方式中,一个或多个上部接触层11、21和31可以包含镍铬和/或其氧化物,而不是镍钛氧化物。此外,任何层7、11、17、21、27和/或31可以是或包括镍、钛、铬、锌、其组合/合金,并且还可以包括氧和/或氮。因此,在本发明的不同实施方式中,任何或所有上部接触层11、21和31可以是包含Ni和/或Ti的层(例如包含NiTiOx的层)。
包含NiTiOx的层可以帮助提供高性能涂层,这是由于NiTiOx可以帮助降低总体发射率,同时维持良好的银品质。此外,正如上面暗示的,这样的层中的Ni可能对耐久性问题有帮助,同时Ti可能有助于透射率。应该指出,某些示例性实施方式可以用Ti金属或TiOx代替NiTiOx。
在某些示例性实施方式中,包含NiTiOx的层可以略微氧化地或作为金属沉积,并且在晚些时候通过后续加工(例如在随后沉积的层的溅射期间)变得基本上完全氧化。在某些示例性实施方式中,NiTiOx在沉积时也可以被分级。
示例性厚度
表3:
示例性材料/厚度;图5的实施方式(淬火的)
在某些示例性实施方式中,顶部的Ag基层在层堆中是最厚的层。已发现,这种排列方式有助于提高涂层的发射率。此外,在某些示例性实施方式中,中间的Ag基层比顶部的Ag基层更薄,已发现这有助于维持提高的发射率,同时其本身也提高离轴颜色稳定性并帮助提供高的可见光透射率。
已经令人吃惊并出人意料地发现,在下部中间介电层堆中引入包含氧化钛的第二层12,提高了位于下方的Ag基层9的质量。据信这是由于层13的较少的氧化锡干扰与第一Ag基层9直接相邻的下方第一接触层11的结果。
此外,在本发明的某些示例性层压实施方式中,本文的已任选地热处理至足以进行热强化或钢化的程度,并且已与另一个玻璃基材结合形成IG装置的涂层制品,其可能具有下列IG装置光学/日光特征。
在IG装置的情形中,例如NiTiOx的使用有利地获得更高的LSG值。例如,在某些示例性情形中,2.15或更高的LSG是可能的,而如果仅使用基于NiCr的层而不使用包含NiTiOx的层,约2.1或更低的LSG值是可能的。正如本领域技术人员将会认识到的,高的LSG值是有利的,因为它表现出与低SHGC结合的高可见光透射率,因此保持热量流出并使光进入。
图5的示例性实施方式特别好地适用于淬火产品。对于可热处理的实施方式来说,可以进行修改或者可以不进行修改。例如,在可热处理的示例性实施方式中,可以除去包括TiOx的层5和/或12中的一个或两个。作为另一个实例,在可热处理的涂层中,包含SiN的层14、24和16中的一些或全部可以被制造成与淬火的对应物相比金属含量更高。此外,一些或所有包含NiTiOx的层可以用包含NiCr或其氧化物的层代替。下面的表示出了与图5中所示相类似但根据上面的描述进行修改的可热处理涂层制品的示例性材料和厚度。
表4:
示例性材料/厚度;修改的图5实施方式(可热处理的)
优选范围(nm) 更优选范围(nm) 实例(nm)
玻璃
SiN 25.9-38.9 29.2-35.6 32.4
ZnO 5.6-8.4 6.3-7.7 7
Ag 10.2-15.2 11.4-14 12.7
NiCrOx 2.4-3.6 2.7-3.3 3
SnO 35.9-53.9 40.4-49.4 44.9
SiN 8-12 9-11 10
SnO 12.2-18.2 13.7-16.7 15.2
ZnO 5.2-7.8 5.9-7.2 6.5
Ag 11.2-16.8 12.6-15.4 14
NiTiOx 2.4-3.6 2.7-3.3 3
SnO 36.6-55 41.2-50.4 45.8
SiN 8-12 9-11 10
SnO 12-18 13.5-16.5 15
ZnO 5.2-7.8 5.9-7.2 6.5
Ag 15.1-22.7 17-20.8 18.9
NiCrOx 2.4-3.6 2.7-3.3 3
SnO 11.2-16.8 12.6-15.4 14
SiN 23.4-35.2 26.4-32.2 29.3
此外,在热处理的示例性实施方式中,一个或多个包含SnO的“胶”层可以减小厚度和/或完全除去。在这样的情形中,可能希望增加下方的包含SnO的层的厚度。例如,层15和/或25可以具有减小的厚度(例如从约15nm至约10nm),和/或可以被完全除去。相应地,层13和/或23可以具有增加的厚度。增加的厚度量可以为约8-12nm。因此,在某些示例性实施方式中,层15可以具有约8-12nm、更优选地9-11nm、有时约10nm的减小的厚度,同时层13可以具有约40.9-61.3nm、更优选地46-56.2nm、有时约51.1nm的增加的厚度。同样地,层25可以具有约8-12nm、更优选地9-11nm、有时约10nm的减小的厚度,同时层23可以具有约40.6-61nm、更优选地45.7-55.9nm、有时约50.8nm的增加的厚度。此外,或者在可选方式中,一个或多个中间介电层堆可以包括含有ZnSnO的层。该层可以通过例如共溅射(例如从Zn或ZnO靶和Sn或SnO靶)来形成。在其一个或两个侧面上代替包含SnO的层或除了所述层之外,还可以提供包含ZnSnO的层。
下面的表包括各种性能数据,其对应于淬火状态下图5的示例性实施方式,以及对图5的示例性实施方式的修改,其中包含TiOx的层5和12被省略,并且所述涂层制品在配置在6.0mm透明浮法玻璃上时按照例如上表进行热处理。当然,在不同实施方式中可以使用不同厚度的基材和/或不同组成的基材。应该认识到,对于淬火和热处理实施方式来说,优选范围可能是相同或相近的。还应该认识到,对于淬火和热处理实施方式来说,性能是近似可比的,但是对于透光率来说,热处理实施方式的性能优于淬火实施方式。
表5:单片整体涂层制品的示例性性能特征
下面的表包括IG装置的性能数据,所述IG装置包括处于淬火状态下的图5的示例性实施方式中示出的涂层样品,以及对图5的示例性实施方式的修改,其中包含TiOx的层5和12被省略,并且所述涂层制品在例如涂层被配置在IG装置的表面2上时进行热处理。下表中的实例包括第一和第二个6.0mm基材,其被填充有空气的12mm间隙隔开。当然,在不同实施方式中可以使用不同厚度的基材、不同组成的基材、不同的间隙尺寸、不同的气体等。应该认识到,对于淬火和热处理实施方式来说,优选范围可能是相同或相近的。还应该认识到,对于淬火和热处理实施方式来说,性能是近似可比的,但是对于透光率来说,热处理实施方式的性能优于淬火实施方式。
表6:IG装置的示例性性能特征
在上面的表4和5中,光学数据使用Ill.“C”观察仪(2°)来收集。热性能数据按照NFRC 2001来收集。
在某些示例性实施方式中,可以通过由金属靶溅射来沉积镍钛基层。在某些情形中,靶可以包含以重量计20%的镍和80%的钛。在其他示例性实施方式中,金属靶可以包含以重量计50%的镍和50%的钛。在某些示例性实施方式中,是或包括镍和钛的金属溅射靶可以包括约1至50%的Ni(以及其间的所有子范围)、更优选地约2至50%的Ni(以及其间的所有子范围)、最优选地约5至20%的Ni(以及其间的所有子范围)(所有百分数为重量%)。在某些示例性实施方式中,是或包括镍和钛的金属溅射靶还可以包含约50至99%的Ti(以及其间的所有子范围)、更优选地约50至98%的Ti(以及其间的所有子范围)、最优选地约80至95%的Ti(以及其间的所有子范围)(所有百分数为重量%)。
在其他示例性实施方式中,镍-钛基层可以通过一种以上的溅射靶来沉积。在某些情形中,可以存在金属Ni靶和金属Ti靶。在某些实例中,基于Ni和/或Ti的层可以在一种或多种惰性气体和/或反应性气体存在下溅射沉积。在某些示例性实施方式中,Ni和Ti可以在至少氩气和氧气存在下沉积。在其他示例性实施方式中,一种或多种靶可以是陶瓷。例如,可以至少使用包含镍的金属靶和包含钛的氧化物的陶瓷靶,和/或包含钛的金属靶和包含镍的氧化物的陶瓷靶,来沉积阻挡层。此外,在其他示例性实施方式中,可以使用一种、两种或以上的陶瓷靶来沉积包含镍钛氧化物的层。
在某些示例性实施方式中,只有一些接触层可能包含Ni和/或Ti和/或其氧化物和氮化物。在其他示例性实施方式中,其他接触层可能包含Ni和/或Cr和/或其氧化物和氮化物。在其他示例性实施方式中,其他接触层可能包含锌和/或其氧化物。
有利的是,已发现使用基于镍钛和/或其氧化物的接触层提高涂层制品的机械和化学耐久性而不会牺牲光学性质,使得在单片整体情形中,可以在玻璃基材的表面1和/或表面2上(例如涂层可以面朝内部或外部)使用单一银层堆(例如仅包含一个银层的低-E涂层)。然而,本发明不限于此,并且根据不同的示例性实施方式,包括NixTiyOz阻挡层的低-E涂层可以使用在任何构造中的任何表面上。
尽管某些示例性实施方式与低-E涂层相关联进行描述,但本文描述的包含Ni和/或Ti的层可以与不同类型的涂层相结合使用。
在某些示例性实施方式中,本文中所述的涂层制品(例如参见图1-5)可以被热处理或者可以不被热处理(例如钢化)。术语“热处理”当在本文中使用时是指将制品加热至足以实现含玻璃的制品的热钢化和/或热强化的温度。该定义包括例如将涂层制品在烤箱或炉中,在至少约550℃、更优选地至少约580℃、更优选地至少约600℃、更优选地至少约620℃、最优选地至少约650℃的温度下加热足以使钢化和/或热强化的时间长度。在某些示例性实施方式中,这可以是至少约2分钟,或长达约10分钟。
正如上面指出的,某些示例性实施方式可以包括由玻璃基材承载的低-E涂层。这种涂层制品可以单片整体地使用,或者层压于另一个玻璃或其他基材上。涂层制品还可以被构造到绝缘玻璃(IG)装置中。IG装置一般包含基本上平行且分隔开的第一和第二玻璃基材。在基材的周边周围提供密封,并在基材之间维持间隙(其可以至少部分用惰性气体例如Ar、Xe、Kr等填充)。
在某些示例性实施方式中,本文示出并描述的涂层制品或类似的涂层制品可以层压于另一块玻璃板上。在某些实施方式中可以使用基于聚合物的中间层。在不同实施方式中可以使用诸如PVB、EVA等的材料。在这样的情形中,涂层可以提供在得到的层压制品的基材之间(例如表面2或3上)。
本文所述的一些或所有层可以通过溅射沉积或任何其他适合的技术例如CVD、燃烧沉积等来配置。
本文所述的一些或所有层可以通过溅射沉积或任何其他适合的技术例如CVD、燃烧沉积等来配置。例如,示例性的包含Ni和Ti的层可以从一个或多个溅射靶来溅射沉积。溅射靶可以包括约1-50%的Ni和约50-99%的Ti,更优选地约5-40%的Ni和约60-95%的Ti,更优选地约10-30%的Ni和约70-90%的Ti。在某些示例性实施方式中,溅射靶中的Ni:Ti比例可以为约20:80。在不同实施方式中,其他Ni:Ti比例也是可能的,例如95/5、75/25、50/50、25/75、20/80、10/90等。本文中也考虑到了这些范围的子范围。此外,应该认识到,这些百分数/比例可以适用于层中Ni和/或Ti的量,无论这样的层是被完全或部分氧化还是未被氧化(例如作为金属)。
本文公开的示例性材料可以与低-E、防凝结和/或其他应用相结合使用。示例性的低-E和/或防凝结涂层描述在例如申请系列号12/926,714、12/923,082、12/662,894、12/659,196、12/385,234、12/385,802、12/461,792、12/591,611和12/654,594中,其全部内容在此引为参考。因此,在某些示例性实施方式中,在这些和/或其他类型的涂层中,本文描述的一种或多种阻挡层材料可以代替或补充一个或多个包含Ni和/或Cr的层。
当在本文中使用时,术语“在……之上”、“由……承载”等,除非明确指出,否则不应被解释为是指两种元件彼此直接相邻。换句话说,即使在第一层与第二层之间存在一个或多个层,第一层也可以被称为是在第二层之上或由第二层承载。
尽管已经结合目前被认为是最实用和优选的实施方式对本发明进行了描述,但应该理解,本发明不限于所公开的实施方式,而是正相反,打算覆盖包含在随附的权利要求书的精神和范围之内的各种修改和等同的安排。

Claims (15)

1.一种制造涂层制品的方法,所述方法包括:
将第一介电层配置在玻璃基材上;
将含有Ni和Ti的氧化物的下部接触层配置在所述第一介电层上方;
将红外反射层配置在所述下部接触层上方并与其相接触;
将含有Ni和Ti的氧化物的上部接触层配置在所述红外反射层上方并与其相接触;
将包含硅的氧化物和/或氮化物的层配置在所述上部接触层上方作为涂层的最外层,且
其中,至少一个红外反射层包含银,且所述涂层制品具有60%-70%的可见光透射率,
其中,按重量,所述上部接触层包括10-30%的Ni和70-90%的Ti。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,按重量,所述上部接触层包含比例为20:80的Ni:Ti。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述上部接触层在有氧情况下通过含有Ni和Ti的金属靶进行溅射被沉积。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述上部接触层具有10至的厚度。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述上部接触层具有10至的厚度。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述涂层制品单片整体用作窗户。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述下部接触层进一步包含:锌的氧化物。
8.一种制造涂层制品的方法,所述方法包括:
将第一介电层配置在玻璃基材上;
将含有Ni和Ti的氧化物的下部接触层配置在所述第一介电层上方;
将红外反射层配置在所述下部接触层上方并与其相接触;
通过含有Ni和Ti的靶来溅射镍和钛,在所述红外反射层上方形成上部接触层并与其相接触,来制备涂层,且
其中,所述涂层包括含有银的一个红外反射层,且所述涂层制品具有60%-70%的可见光透射率,
其中,按重量,所述上部接触层包括10-30%的Ni和70-90%的Ti。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其中所述涂层的最外层包含氮化硅。
10.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其中所述上部接触层具有10至的厚度。
11.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其中所述上部接触层具有10至的厚度。
12.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其中所述下部接触层进一步包含:锌的氧化物。
13.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其中至少一个接触层进一步包含:Ni和Cr。
14.一种涂层制品,其包含:
玻璃基材;
第一介电层;
含有Ni和Ti的氧化物的下部接触层;
含有银的红外反射层;
含有Ni和Ti的氧化物的上部接触层,且
其中所述上部接触层具有10至的厚度,
其中,按重量,所述上部接触层包括10-30%的Ni和70-90%的Ti。
15.一种绝缘玻璃装置,其包含:
权利要求14所述的涂层制品;
平行于所述涂层制品并与其分隔开的第二玻璃基材;以及
边封。
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