CN1051905A - 内向双环[2,2,1]庚-2-醇的酶促拆分及所衍生的药剂 - Google Patents
内向双环[2,2,1]庚-2-醇的酶促拆分及所衍生的药剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1051905A CN1051905A CN90109076A CN90109076A CN1051905A CN 1051905 A CN1051905 A CN 1051905A CN 90109076 A CN90109076 A CN 90109076A CN 90109076 A CN90109076 A CN 90109076A CN 1051905 A CN1051905 A CN 1051905A
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- hept
- yloxy
- bicyclo
- heptan
- methoxyphenyl
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Abstract
用于内向降冰片光学拆分的胰脂酶介导酯交换
方法;所衍生出的有光学活性的5-(3-(外向双环
(2,2,1)庚-2-基氧)-4-甲氧基苯基)-3,4,5,6-四氢
嘧啶-2(1H)-酮;分步方法及其中间体。
Description
本发明涉及一种制备(+)-(2R)-内向降冰片和(-)-(2S)-内向降冰片并分别使它们进一步转化成下述两个药物的方法,这两个药物分别是式(Ⅰ)5-(3-〔(2S)-外向双环〔2.2.1〕庚-2-基氧〕-4-甲氧基苯基)-3,4,5,6-四氢嘧啶-2(1H)-酮及其式(Ⅱ)对映体5-(3-〔(2R)-外向双环〔2.2.1〕庚-2-基氧〕-4-甲氧基苯基)-3,4,5,6-四氢嘧啶-2(1H)-酮。
本发明还涉及这两种有光学活性的具体药物本身,以及合成这些药物所用的中间体〔后面的式(Ⅲ)-(Ⅵ)〕。
(2R)-内向降冰片也可称为(2R)-内向双环〔2.2.1〕庚-2-醇或(1S,2R,4R)-双环〔2.2.1〕庚-2-醇。同样,其对映体(2S)-内向降冰片也可称为(2S)-内向双环〔2.2.1〕庚-2-醇或(1R,2S,4S)-双环〔2.2.1〕庚-2-醇。类似地,所衍生出的(2S)-外向双环〔2.2.1〕庚-2-基和(2R)-外向双环〔2.2.1〕庚-2-基取代基,也可分别称为(1S,2S,4R)-双环〔2.2.1〕庚-2-基和(1R,2R,4S)-双环〔2.2.1〕庚-2-基。
Saccomano等人在已公开的国际专利申请W087/06576中概括地公开了一些可用作抗抑郁药的化合物,本发明的式(Ⅰ)和(Ⅱ)化合物就是其中特别有价值者。上述参考文献虽然具体公开了外消旋的5-(3-〔(2S)-外向双环〔2.2.1〕庚-2-基氧〕-4-甲氧基苯基)-3,4,5,6-四氢嘧啶-2(1H)-酮,但没有具体公开其本身存在的光学活性体,也没有公开它们的任何具体制备方法。本发明的式(Ⅰ)和(Ⅱ)化合物对哮喘和某些皮肤病的治疗也特别有价值。
迄今为止,具有光学活性的(2R)和(2S)-内向降冰片类化合物都是用以下方法得到的:用有光学活性的苯乙胺类化合物拆分外消旋的外向降冰片苯二甲酸单酯,水解成有光学活性的外向降冰片类,用CrO3氧化成有光学活性的降冰片烷酮类,最后用Li(S-Bu)3BH还原成所要的内向异构体(Irwin等,J.Am.Chem.Soc.,98:8476-8481,1979)。按照这篇参考文献,用马肝醇脱氢酶催化外消旋2-降冰片烷酮的不完全还原富集出内向降冰片类对映体,而用该酶催化外消旋外向降冰片的不完全氧化则富集出外向降冰片类异构体。(-)-外向降冰片也已由降冰片烯的不对称硼氢化制得(Brown等,J.Org.Chem.,47:5065-5069,1982)。
迄今为止,曾利用在几乎无水的有机溶剂中进行由猪胰脂酶催化的酯基转移反应来拆分某些手性醇类(Kirchner等,J.Am.Chem.Soc.107:7072-7076,1985)。例如,外消旋的2-辛醇和丁酸2,2,2-三氯乙酯以47%的转化率生成高光学纯度的(R)-丁酸2-辛酯。但这种方法在应用于外消旋的外向降冰片时,所回收到的醇和产物丁酸酯都仍然基本上是外消旋的,即使明确地用酶来介导该酯基转移反应也是如此(这可由没有酶时反应不足来证明)。
尽管用脂酶催化外向降冰片的酯基转移反应不能提供对外向异构体进行光学拆分的可行方法,我们仍然发现,这种方法对上述内向降冰片的光学拆分来说是一种简单而有效的方法。因此,本发明的一个方面涉及制备有光学活性的内向双环〔2.2.1〕庚-2-醇类(内向降冰片)的方法,该方法包括如下步骤:
(a)在一种哺乳动物胰脂酶的存在下,在基本无水的反应惰性有机溶剂中,在外消旋的内向双环〔2.2.1〕庚-2-醇和丁酸2,2,2-三氯乙酯之间进行部分酯基交换反应;
(b)从所得的混合物中分离出未反应的具有下式的(-)-(2S)-内向双环〔2.2.1〕庚-2-醇和(2R)-内向双环〔2.2.1〕庚-2-醇丁酸酯,
把这种酯水解生成具有下式的对映体(+)-(2R)-内向双环〔2.2.1〕庚-2-醇〔(2R)-内向降冰片〕。
以上和本文别处所用的短语“反应惰性溶剂”指的是这样一种溶剂,它不会以某种对所要产物的产率有不利影响的方式与原料、试剂、中间体或产物产生相互作用。
在该方法的优选实施方案中,酶的来源是猪,溶剂是乙醚,所得到的有光学活性的(2R)-和(2S)-内向双环〔2.2.1〕庚-2-醇在三苯膦和氮杂二羧酸二乙酯的存在下进一步与3-羟基-4-甲氧基苯甲醛反应,分别生成有光学活性的式(Ⅲ)醛3-((2S)-外向双环〔2.2.1〕庚-2-基氧)-4-甲氧基苯甲醛和式(Ⅳ)的3-((2R)-外向双环〔2.2.1〕庚-2-基氧)-4-甲氧基苯甲醛。
接着这两个化合物经过如下的步骤和中间体进一步转化成式(Ⅰ)和(Ⅱ)化合物:
(a)在约25-100℃温度范围内,在催化量的哌啶存在下,使有光学活性的3-(外向双环〔2.2.1〕庚-2-基氧)-4-甲氧基苯甲醛(Ⅲ)或(Ⅳ)与至少2摩尔当量的2-氰基乙酸在吡啶中反应,生成具有下式(Ⅴ)或(Ⅵ)的光学活性3-(3-(外向双环〔2.2.1〕庚-2-基氧)-4-甲氧基苯基)戊二腈,其中Y为CN;
(b)用常规方法使所述戊二腈水合,生成具有下式(Ⅴ)或(Ⅵ)的光学活性3-(3-(外向双环〔2.2.1〕庚-2-基氧)-4-甲氧基苯基)戊二酰胺,其中Y为CONH2;
(c)借助过量一摩尔的四乙酸铅的作用使所述戊二酰胺在吡啶中环化,生成具有上式(Ⅰ)或(Ⅱ)的光学活性5-(3-(外向双环〔2.2.1〕庚-2-基氧)-4-甲氧基苯基)-3,4,5,6-四氢嘧啶-2(1H)-酮。
本发明还涉及属于上式(Ⅰ)和(Ⅱ)的一些一直无法得到的光学活性化合物,还涉及式(Ⅴ)和式(Ⅵ)的光学活性中间体,
其中Y为-CN或-CONH2。
本发明的各个方面都易于实施。据此,把基本为摩尔当量的外消旋内向降冰片和丁酸2,2,2-三氯乙酯溶于反应惰性有机溶剂中。在这种情况下优选的溶剂是醚类,例如基本无水同时又容易溶解指定反应物的乙醚、二异丙醚、四氢呋喃或二噁烷。哺乳动物胰脂酶(优选易从商业来源得到的猪胰脂酶)以干粉状分若干份加入,加入量为保持合理的酯交换速度所需的量。温度非常关键,通常在约15-40℃的范围。如果温度过低,反应速度会过慢;而反应温度过高则会使酶迅速失活。用分析手段跟踪反应(比较方便的是利用容易分辨原料和酯产物的1H-NMR),并在反应达约40-50%完全时终止反应,以便尽可能提高以回收的(2S)-内向降冰片和(2R)-丁酸内向降冰片酯的光学纯度。这些产物用常规方法进行分离,方便的是用色谱法。用本领域公知的常规方法把酯水解,生成(2R)-内向降冰片。
根据本发明,按照前面引用并加以概述的WO87/06576所公开的方法,把所得到的光学活性(2R)和(2S)-内向降冰片分别转化成上式(Ⅲ)和(Ⅳ)的醛。
此外,根据本发明,使上式(Ⅲ)或(Ⅳ)的醛与至少二摩尔当量的氰基乙酸缩合,生成式(Ⅴ)或(Ⅵ)的二腈,其中Y为CN。比较方便的是,在一般过量一摩尔的仲胺(优选无位阻仲胺,如哌啶或哌咯烷)存在下,在吡啶中进行上述缩合反应。吡啶还部分地起到碱性催化剂的作用。虽然该反应的最初几个阶段可以在室温下进行,但在约80-110℃范围的温度加热反应(包括脱羧反应)最为完全。
然后用常规方法把式(Ⅴ)或(Ⅵ)的二腈水合成式(Ⅴ)或(Ⅵ)的二酰胺,其中Y为CONH2。方便的做法是,在约0-30℃范围的温度下,在过量的Na2CO3存在下,使二腈与半摩尔量的H2O2在反应惰性含水有机溶剂中反应。
最后使式(Ⅵ)的二酰胺环化形成式(Ⅰ)或(Ⅱ)的光学活性5-(3-(外向双环〔2.2.1〕庚-2-基氧)-4-甲氧基苯基)-3,4,5,6-四氢嘧啶-2(1H)-酮。最好是利用过量一摩尔的四乙酸铅以过量吡啶作溶剂进行该反应。温度并不关键,0-60℃范围的温度一般就令人满意。方便的是采用室温,这样会避免加热或冷却的费用。
正如前面引用的专利申请WO87/06576第25页上所指出的,5-(3-(外向双环〔2.2.1〕庚-2-基氧)-4-甲氧基苯基)-3,4,5,6-四氢嘧啶-2(1H)-酮对由大鼠大脑皮质制得的磷酸二酯酶具有体外抑制活性。与该化合物在哮喘病治疗方面的应用更相关的是它对得自豚鼠肺的磷酸二酯酶的抑制活性,这将在下面的实施例1中详述,在实施例1中本发明的式(Ⅰ)和(Ⅱ)光学活性化合物表现出同样的活性。本发明化合物在哮喘病治疗方面的应用还反映在,它们能够在感染抗原的豚鼠体内抑制嗜曙红细胞向致敏肺组织的迁移,这将在实施例2中详述。本发明化合物在由接触过敏所致的牛皮癣和皮炎中的应用,反映在它们能够抑制用卵清蛋白致敏的豚鼠体内的皮肤水肿,这将在实施例3中详述。
在用式(Ⅰ)或(Ⅱ)化合物或相应的外消旋化合物对哮喘或发炎性皮肤病进行全身治疗时,不管以什么途径服用,其剂量一般都为约0.01-2毫克/千克/天(对重50千克的典型人体为0.5-100毫克/天),以单剂量或分次剂量服用。当然,根据具体的化合物和各种疾病的具体性质,主治医师会自行建议此范围之外的剂量。治疗哮喘时,一般优选以气溶胶经鼻内(滴或喷)吸入口中,以及常规口服。但是,如果患者不能吞咽,或者口腔吸收能力由于其它原因而受损,则优选的全身性服用途径是肠胃外途径(肌内、静脉内)。治疗发炎性皮肤病时,优选的服用途径是口服或外用给药。治疗发炎性气道疾病时,优选的服用途径是鼻内服用或口服。
本发明的化合物一般以药物组合物的形式服用,组合物中包含所述化合物之一及一种药用载体或稀释剂。这类组合物一般是利用适合于所需服用方式的固体或液体载体或稀释剂,以常规方式进行配制:口服剂型为片剂、软硬胶囊剂、悬浮剂、粒剂、粉剂等;肠胃外服用剂型为注射溶液或注射悬浮液等;外用剂型为溶液、洗液、软膏、油膏等,这些剂型一般含约0.1-1%(W/V)活性成分;鼻内或吸入服用时一般为0.1-1%(W/V)溶液。
本发明以下列实施例来说明,但并不限于其中的细节。
实施例1
肺磷酸二酯酶(PDEIV)的抑制
将豚鼠肺组织以每克组织10毫升的浓度置于匀浆缓冲液中(20mM Bistris、5mM 2-巯基乙醇、2mM苄脒、2mMEDTA、50mM乙酸钠,pH6.5)。用Tekmar Tissumizer以全速将组织匀浆10秒。向缓冲液中加入苯甲磺酰氟(PMSF,50mM的异丙醇溶液),然后立即匀浆,使PMSF的终浓度为50μM。将匀浆液以12,000×g于4℃下离心10分钟。上清液用纱布和玻璃毛过滤,然后于4℃下加到已用匀浆缓冲液预平衡的17×1.5cmDEAE-Sepharose CL-6B柱上。所采用的流速为1毫升/分。上清液过柱后,用至少两倍于上清液体积的匀浆缓冲液洗柱。用0.05-0.1M乙酸钠的线性梯度洗脱出磷酸二酯酶。收集100个5毫升的级分。根据由〔3H〕cAMP水解和已知PDEIV的能力测定的特异PDEIV活性保留有关级分。
受试化合物的配制:将各化合物以10-2M的浓度溶于DMSO,然后用水以1∶25稀释(4×10-4M化合物,4%DMSO)。对4%DMSO进行进一步的连续稀释,达到所要求的各种浓度。测试管中DMSO的终浓度为1%。
作三份平行试验,在0℃下将下列试剂依次加到12×75毫米玻璃管中(给出的所有浓度均为测试管中的终浓度):
25μl化合物或DMSO(1%,用于对照或空白)
25μl测试缓冲液(50mM Tris,10mM MgCl2,pH7.5)
25μl〔3H〕-cAMp(1μM)
25μl PDEIV酶(作空白时,把酶在沸水浴中预保温10分钟)。
反应管经振动后在水浴(37℃)中放置10分钟,届时把各管在沸水浴中放置2分钟使反应停止。将各管置于冰浴中并在每管中加入洗涤缓冲液(0.5毫升,0.1M HEPES/0.1M NaCl,pH8.5)。把每管中的内容物加到已预先用洗涤缓冲液平衡过的Affi-Gel 601柱上(硼化物亲合凝胶,床体积为1.2毫升)。用2×6毫升洗涤缓冲液洗出〔3H〕cAMP,然后用6毫升0.25M乙酸洗脱出〔3H〕5′AMP。摇动后,取1毫升洗脱液加到装在适当闪烁瓶中的3毫升Atomlight闪烁液中,摇动后对〔3H〕计数。
抑制百分比由下式确定:
%抑制=1- (平均cpm(受试化合物)-平均cpm(空白(煮过的酶)))/(平均cpm(对照(不含化合物))-平均cpm(空白(煮过的酶)))
IC50定义为将〔3H〕cAMP特异水解成〔3H〕5′AMP的反应抑制50%的化合物浓度。
在这一试验中,外消旋5-(3-(外向双环〔2.2.1〕庚-2-基氧)-4-甲氧基苯基)-3,4,5,6-四氢嘧啶-2(1H)-酮所表现出的IC50为0.5μM。在这一试验中,对两个相应的光学活性对映体化合物所观察到的活性程度基本相同。
实施例2
豚鼠体内嗜曙红细胞向感染
抗原的致敏肺组织迁移的抑制
将Charles River Laboratories销售的正常Hartley豚鼠(300-350克)圈养5-7天。然后用0.5毫克/千克的抗卵清蛋白IgCl或作为对照的盐水使豚鼠致敏。48-72小时后,以六只动物为一组给每只豚鼠口服最多达32毫克/千克的化合物,用2%吐温80作载体。1-1.5小时后,给动物腹腔注射5毫克/千克的吡纳明。服用吡纳明30分钟后,使动物暴露在0.1%卵清蛋白气溶胶中10分钟,然后在Tri-R Airborne感染仪中经过15分钟的气雾消散期(压缩空气流速=20升/分,主空气流速=8.4升/分)。从该仪器中取出豚鼠放在笼中18小时,然后处死并随后进行肺灌洗。
用3毫升尿烷(0.5克/毫升)杀死豚鼠,把气管从周围组织中分离出来。绕气管松驰系上手术线,并在气管上距胸腺约1-2厘米处做一个切口。在气管中插入1厘米长的15号钝头加液针头,并把线系紧以固定针头。用3×10毫升盐水在肺中灌洗五次。回收约20-25毫升,并置于放在冰上的50毫升锥形管中。分出0.475毫升灌洗液加到装有0.025毫升2%Triton X-100去污剂的聚苯乙烯管中(做平行的两份)。
将分出的含Triton的样品用1毫升PBS/0.1% Triton缓冲液(pH7.0)稀释。从稀释后的样品中分出0.025毫升,再加入0.125毫升PBS/0.1% Triton缓冲液。加入0.300毫升0.9毫克/毫升邻苯二胺二盐酸盐(OPD)在50mM Tris缓冲液/0.1% Triton(pH 8.0)中的溶液和1微升/毫升过氧化氢,从而开始进行比色反应。保温5分钟后,加入0.250毫升4M硫酸停止反应。在490nm处测量混合物的光密度,并减去背景光密度(空白管)。
把两个平行的光密度读数平均起来得到每只动物的单一数值。用每组动物内得到的6个数值计算平均光密度+/-标准差。由下式计算出由于抗原感染而产生的特异EPO反应:1000×〔平均光密度(感染并致敏)-平均光密度(感染而未致敏)〕由下式计算出由于药物预处理而抑制特异EPO反应的百分比: (平均光密度(感染并致敏,经药物预处理)-平均光密度(感染而未致敏))/(平均光密度(感染并致敏)-平均光密度(感染而未致敏)) ×100%
在这一试验中,外消旋5-(3-(外向双环〔2.2.1〕庚-2-基氧)-4-甲氧基-3,4,5,6-四氢嘧啶-2(1H)-酮表现出的ED50为10毫克/千克。
实施例3
抑制卵清蛋白致敏的豚鼠皮肤水肿
取四只豚鼠(Hartley,雄性,350-400克)用抗卵清蛋白IgG1抗体致敏。给两只豚鼠口服32毫克/千克的受试化合物,另两只豚鼠服用载体(2%吐温-80)。服药1小时后,给每只豚鼠静脉注射1毫升Evan Blue(7毫克/毫升),然后用0.1毫升卵清蛋白(0.1%)或PBS对其皮肤进行皮内感染。感染20分钟后,取下皮肤并用肉眼观察皮肤水肿部位(感染部位的圆形蓝点)。
卵清蛋白感染导致皮肤上感染卵清蛋白的部位形成水肿,而PBS感染却几乎不产生皮肤水肿。两只服用了外消旋5-(3-外向双环〔2.2.1〕庚-2-基氧)-4-甲氧基苯基)-3,4,5,6-四氢嘧啶-2(1H)-酮的豚鼠,与服用载体动物的水肿相比,抗原感染部位蓝点的强度和面积都明显减小。
这一结果表明,这种化合物对由抗原诱导的豚鼠皮肤水肿有效。
实施例4
(+)-(2R)-和(-)-(2S)-
内向降冰片〔(2R)-和(2S)-
内向双环〔2.2.1〕庚-2-醇〕
将外消旋内向降冰片(5.0克,44.6毫摩尔)和丁酸三氯乙酯(5.1克,23.2毫摩尔)溶于40毫升乙醚中。加入4A分子筛(4克)并在室温下搅拌该混合物。分别在0.20、43、50和67小时时加入0.5克、1.0克、1.0克、1.0克和0.5克猪胰脂酶(Sigma,Ⅱ型,粗品)。通过1HNMR监测反应,在大约50%完全时(92小时)用硅藻土过滤,并在不加热的情况下真空蒸发。(醇易升华)。粗残余物用2-25%乙醚/己烷的梯度洗脱系统在硅胶上进行闪式层析,得到2.9克(15.9毫摩尔)(2R)-丁酸内向降冰片酯透明油状物和1.8克(16.0毫摩尔)(2S)-内向降冰片白色固体。〔α〕D=-2.03°;e.e.87.2%(由衍生出的(S)-α-甲氧基-α-(三氟甲基)苯乙酸(MTPA)酯的1HNMR测得)。由于旋光率太小,所以由NMR测定的e.e.值作为光学纯度的量度可靠得多。
将所回收的丁酸内向降冰片酯(2.3克,12.6毫摩尔)、K2CO3(2.5克,18.0毫摩尔)和甲醇(65毫升)于室温下搅拌64小时,然后在乙醚和水之间分配。有机部分用水和盐水洗涤,干燥(Na2SO4),过滤并真空浓缩,得到1.3克(11.6毫摩尔,产率91.9%)(2R)-内向降冰片。〔α〕D=+2.7°;e.e.87.6%(根据MTPA酯的1HNMR)。
重复这些步骤,但酯交换只进行到44%完全,所得到的(2S)-内向降冰片光学纯度较低,而产率高于90%,〔α〕D=-0.88,e.e.71.4%(根据上述1HNMR);所得到的(2R)-内向降冰片光学纯度较高,产率为56.4%,e.e.大于95%(根据上述1HNMR)。
实施例5
3-〔(2S)-外向双环〔2.2.1〕庚
-2-基氧〕-4-甲氧基苯甲醛
将氮杂二羧酸二乙酯(28.5克,27.7毫升,0.141摩尔)和三苯膦(36.9克,0.141摩尔)溶于200毫升四氢呋喃。向该溶液中加入(+)-(2R)-内向降冰片(7.9克,0.0705摩尔)在100毫升四氢呋喃中的溶液,然后加入3-羟基-4-甲氧基苯甲醛(异香草醛;21.4克,0.141摩尔)在100毫升四氢呋喃中的溶液。所得混合物加热回流两天,然后冷却,用1.5升乙醚稀释,依次用一半体积的水(2次)、0.5N NaOH(2次)、水和盐水洗涤,干燥(Na2SO4),洗提后,残余物在硅胶上进行层析,用0-10%乙酸乙酯进行梯度洗脱,得到8.5克本标题产物(49%),〔α〕D=+24.5°(氘代氯仿)。
用同样的方法把(-)-(2S)-内向降冰片转化为3-〔(2R)-外向双环〔2.2.1〕庚-2-基氧〕-4-甲氧基苯甲醛,该化合物的物理性质除旋光符号外与标题化合物相同。
实施例6
3-(3-〔(2S)-外向双环
〔2.2.1〕庚-2-基氧〕
甲氧基苯基)戊二腈
将前一实例的标题产物(8.5克,0.0346摩尔)溶于250毫升吡啶中。加入氰基乙酸(14.6克,0.171摩尔)和哌啶(5毫升),将该混合物于室温下搅拌4小时,然后于60℃下搅拌2小时,最后于100℃下搅拌24小时。真空汽提除去溶剂,残渣溶于250毫升乙酸乙酯中,用饱和NaHCO3、而后用水洗涤,再汽提后用异丙醇/异丙醚结晶,得到5.84克(54%)本标题化合物,m.p.121-123℃,〔α〕D=+17.8°(氘代氯仿)。
用同样的方法将前一实例的对映体产物转化为3-(3-〔(2R)-外向双环〔2.2.1〕庚-2-基氧〕-4-甲氧基苯基)戊二腈,该化合物的物理性质除旋光符号外与本标题产物相同。
实施例7
3-(3-〔(2S)-外向双环
〔2.2.1〕庚-2-基氧〕
-4-甲氧基苯基)戊二酰胺
向150毫升2∶1丙酮∶H2O(体积)中的前一实施例标题产物(5.82克,0.0188摩尔)中加入5毫升10%Na2CO3,然后滴加30%H2O2(8毫升,0.094摩尔),同时保持温度为0-5℃。室温下搅拌16小时后,将该混合物倾入水(300毫升)和乙酸乙酯(500毫升)中,搅拌混合物1小时以溶解所有固体物。分出有机层,用H2O和盐水洗涤,干燥并汽提得结晶状残余物,将其在硅胶上进行闪式层析,用15∶1CH2Cl2∶CH3OH作洗脱剂,得到3.7克本标题产物,m.p.198.5-199.5℃;红外(KBr)cm-13335,3177,2952,1674,1631,1516,1406,1256,1142,1003,809,685,641cm-1。
用同样的方法将前一实施例的对映体产物转化成3-(3-〔(2R)-外向双环〔2.2.1〕庚-2-基氧〕-4-甲氧基苯基)戊二酰胺,该化合物的物理性质除旋光符号外与本标题产物相同。
实施例8
将前一实施例的标题产物(3.7克,0.0107摩尔)溶解于250毫升吡啶中,向其中加入250毫升吡啶中的四乙酸铅(10.92克,0.0246摩尔)。搅拌30小时后,将反应物真空汽提,用100毫升CH2Cl2溶解油状残余物,用H2O和盐水洗涤,干燥(Na2SO4),汽提,所得固体物用乙醚研制,得到白色固体状的本标题产物,1.21克,m.p.202-203℃,〔α〕D=+14.45℃(氘代氯仿)。
用同样方法将前一实施例的对映体产物转化成5-(3-(2R)-外向双环〔2.2.1〕庚-2-基氧〕-4-甲氧基苯基)-3,4,5,6-四氢嘧啶-2(1H)-酮,其物理性质除旋光符号外与本标题化合物相同。
Claims (5)
1、一种制备有光学活性的(2S)-内向双环[2.2.1]庚-2-醇或(2R)-内向双环[2.2.1]庚-2-醇的方法,该方法包括如下步骤:
(a)在催化量的哺乳动物胰脂酶存在下,在基本无水的反应惰性有机溶剂中进行外消旋内向双环[2.2.1]庚-2-醇和丁酸2,2,2-三氯乙酯之间的部分酯交换反应,生成含有所述(2S)-内向双环[2.2.1]庚-2-醇和(2R)-内向双环[2.2.1]庚-2-醇丁酸酯的混合物;
(b)从所述混合物中分离出所述(2S)-内向双环[2.2.1]庚-2-醇;或
从所述混合物中分离出所述(2R)-内向双环[2.2.1]庚-2-醇丁酸酯,并用常规方法将其水解生成所述(2R)-内向双环[2.2.1]庚-2-醇。
2、权利要求1的方法,其中脂酶来自猪。
3、权利要求1或2的方法,其中反应惰性溶剂是乙醚。
4、根据前述权利要求中任一项的方法,该方法还包括:将所述(2S)-内向双环〔2.2.1〕庚-2-醇或(2R)-内向双环〔2.2.1〕庚-2-醇分别转化成5-(3-〔(2R)-外向双环〔2.2.1〕庚-2-基氧〕-4-甲氧基苯基)-3,4,5,6-四氢嘧啶-2(1H)-酮或5-(3-〔(2S)-外向双环〔2.2.1〕庚-2-基氧〕-4-甲氧基苯基)-3,4,5,6-四氢嘧啶-2(1H)-酮,反应步骤如下:
(c)在约50-100℃范围的温度下,在基本上各为一摩尔当量的三苯膦和氮杂二羧酸二乙酯存在下,使所述(2S)-内向双环〔2.2.1〕庚-2-醇或(2R)-内向双环〔2.2.1〕庚-2-醇与至少一摩尔当量的3-羟基-4-甲氧基苯甲醛在反应惰性溶剂中反应,生成3-〔(2R)-外向双环〔2.2.1〕庚-2-基氧〕-4-甲氧基苯甲醛或3-〔(2S)-外向双环〔2.2.1〕庚-2-基氧〕-4-甲氧基苯甲醛;
(d)在约25-100℃范围的温度下,在催化量的哌啶存在下,使所述3-〔(2R)-外向双环〔2.2.1〕庚-2-基氧〕-4-甲氧基苯甲醛或3-〔(2S)-外向双环〔2.2.1〕庚-2-基氧〕-4-甲氧基苯甲醛与至少二摩尔当量的2-氰基乙酸在吡啶中反应,生成3-(3-〔(2R)-外向双环〔2.2.1〕庚-2-基氧〕-4-甲氧基苯基)戊二腈或3-(3-〔(2S)-外向双环〔2.2.1〕庚-2-基氧〕-4-甲氧基苯基)戊二腈;
(e)用常规方法使所述3-(3-〔(2R)-外向双环〔2.2.1〕庚-2-基氧〕-4-甲氧基苯基)戊二腈或3-(3-〔(2S)-外向双环〔2.2.1〕庚-2-基氧〕-4-甲氧基苯基)戊二腈水合,生成3-(3-〔(2R)-外向双环〔2.2.1〕庚-2-基氧〕-4-甲氧基苯基)戊二酰胺或3-(3-〔(2S)-外向双环〔2.2.1〕庚-2-基氧〕-4-甲氧基苯基)戊二酰胺;
(f)在过量一摩尔的四乙酸铅存在下,使所述3-(3-〔(2R)-外向双环〔2.2.1〕庚-2-基氧〕-4-甲氧基苯基)戊二酰胺或3-(3-〔(2S)-外向双环〔2.2.1〕庚-2-基氧〕-4-甲氧基苯基)戊二酰胺在吡啶中环化,生成所述5-(3-〔(2R)-外向双环〔2.2.1〕庚-2-基氧〕-4-甲氧基苯基)-3,4,5,6-四氢嘧啶-2(1H)-酮或5-(3-〔(2S)-外向双环〔2.2.1〕庚-2-基氧〕-4-甲氧基苯基)-3,4,5,6-四氢嘧啶-2(1H)-酮。
5、一种制备有光学活性的式(Ⅴ)或(Ⅵ)化合物的方法,
其中Y为-CN或-CONH2;
该方法包括,使有光学活性的3-(外向双环〔2.2.1〕庚-2-基氧〕-4-甲氧基苯甲醛与至少二摩尔当量的氰基乙酸缩合,生成Y为-CN的所述式(Ⅴ)或(Ⅵ)化合物;如果需要,将所述Y为-CN的光学活性式(Ⅴ)或(Ⅵ)化合物水合成Y为-CONH2的所述式(Ⅴ)或(Ⅵ)化合物。
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HU215441B (hu) * | 1989-11-13 | 1999-04-28 | Pfizer Inc. | Eljárás az endo-biciklo [2.2.1]-heptan-2-ol előállítására és az ebből kapott hatóanyagok enzimatikus úton történő elválasztására |
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1989
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1990
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1993
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1994
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN1041436C (zh) * | 1993-05-07 | 1998-12-30 | 佛山市制药一厂 | 一种稳定冯了性风湿跌打药酒的方法 |
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