CN105104049A - Pseudolarix kaempferi seedling naturally breeding method - Google Patents
Pseudolarix kaempferi seedling naturally breeding method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a pseudolarix kaempferi seedling naturally breeding method, and belongs to the technical field of plant propagation. Reasonable ecological effect combination is carried out by utilizing a density effect of pseudolarix kaempferi forest growth, a seed-leaf scattering synergistic effect, and biological characteristics of adaptability of mycorrhizal plant root growth and soil, seedling regeneration aggregated distribution and seedling shade-tolerable growth; and through steps of superior tree selection, intermediate cuttings, nurturing, forest land seedbed establishing, fallen leaf addition, seedling management and the like, an adaptable environment is created for pseudolarix kaempferi seed scattering and germination and seedling growth, and a large amount of high quality seedlings is obtained. In comparison with conventional seedling growth, the breeding method does not require conventional seedling growth procedures such as seed collecting, seed storage, sowing or the like, and is thus economical, simple, convenient, easy to operate, pollutant-free, large in output of seedling, fast in seedling growth, strong in potential productivity, and suitable for popularization and application in production.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the naturalization mating system of a kind of golden larch seedling, be specifically related to a kind of golden larch (
pseudolarixKaempferi) the naturalization breeding and seedling method of woods sylvan life seedling, belong to technical field of plant propagation.
Background introduction
Golden larch system Pinaceae deciduous tree, China's special product, Gao Keda 35m, diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 136cm, individual volume 21m
3, golden larch trunk is logical straight, satisfactory, wood property is excellent, texture is straight, water-fast wet, and its tree root, trees can be made " corter pseudolaricis ", and having antipruritic, desinsection and antimycotic effect, is the peculiar Precious Timber Species of China; The tree-like grace of this plant simultaneously, branch is open and flat to be put as " golden coin " as tower-like at the beginning of spring leaf, autumn leaves, in golden yellow, is excellent planting out and garden ornamental tree species, for one of five large famous and precious ornamental tree species cultivated by famous world's garden.
Golden larch is often grown on the mountain region of below height above sea level 1200m, the happiness weather of warm and moist and deep fertile, well-drained acidity and neutral soil.Ability is-20 ° of low temperature in short-term, more water-fast wet, not drought-resistant barren, are not suitable with saline land and ponding low-lying land.Deep-rootedness, wind loading rating is strong.Plantation Growth comparatively natural forest is fast, the very suitable hillside as Yangtze River Delta Area afforestation and garden seeds.In addition; the distinctive Mono-species genus of golden larch or China; it is significant in the systematic growth of gymnosperm Pinaceae, ancient ecology and palaeoclimatic research, and because its distribution is narrow and small, distribution is fragmentary; elite stand is rare; add that artificial interference is large, make its living environment be subject to serious threat, resource day by day reduces; be in the condition urgently protected, now listed in 2 grades, China and gradually to have endangered protective plant.
Golden larch early growth is slow, and growth course is long for boyhood, and fertility is weak.Enters normal productive phase after 25a is raw, biennial bearing is obvious, solid interval 3-5a, other year's harvest is less solid or substantially shaky, cone then 10 ~ early November ripe, play fruit scale by the end of October and seed is scattered simultaneously.Seed long 5 ~ 7mm, wide 3 ~ 4mm, the heavy 46g of seed dry granular, seed-producing rate 16 ~ 18%, seed has dormancy habit, and undressed Germination period is long, and germinate irregular, Growth of Seedling is slow.Therefore, the more new development of poor growth and provenance difficulty and link seriously the limits golden larch population such as intact seed Retention is low.
The report of breeding golden larch seedling is at present less, existing golden larch breeding method, as Zheng Jianwei (Zheng Jianwei. golden larch seedling cultivation [J]. modern horticultural, 2011,9:41.) cultivate golden larch seedling in Liyang City of Jiangsu Province by links such as seed collection process, sowing, nursery and seedling replantings, although percentage of seedgermination can reach about 80%, but the method is larger by the impact that seed retention ratio is lower, artificial seed collecting red soil nursery is simultaneously bred, nursery operation is various, growth of seedling is slow, generally needs 2a just can go out garden afforestation, stays a time longer, Zhang Jingyue and Wang little De (Zhang Jingyue, Wang little De. Shading treatment is on the impact [J] of golden larch Physiological Characteristics. northern gardening, 2012 (05): 81-84.) with 2, the raw golden larch seedling of 3a is examination material, research 0%, 30%, 50%, 70% and 95% 5 shade gradient is on the impact of golden larch seedling physiological property, result shows, along with the reinforcement of enhanced shading degree, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and chlorophyll (a+b) rise to maximum shading under 70% process, shading, decline under 95% process is obvious, golden larch seedling is at the well-grown under 30% ~ 50% condition that shades, growth under 95% process of shading is suppressed, the method only have studied separately the impact of environment on Physiological Characteristics of sheltering from heat or light, the not mating system of system report golden larch forest.The single breeding methods of these tradition do not consider that the seed of good year solid dominant tree is collected and the making full use of of forest land area in a large number, often pursue and concentrate artificial culture in flakes, cause the seedling percent produced low, height differs, poor growth, damage by disease and insect is many, limits throughput and input cost is large.
Therefore, fit the biological property of natural disposition and population according to the environment of plant, develop the technical method that a kind of golden larch seedling naturalization is bred, to golden larch seedling amount reproduction, promote that its protection of resources and reasonable development have great importance.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is the present situation for existing forestry technology, there is provided that a kind of output of seedling is large, growth of seedling good, the naturalization mating system of easy and simple to handle, economical and practical golden larch seedling, solve the technical method of existing golden larch seedling-wood breeding difficulty, comprise golden larch dominant tree (advantage elite stand) selection, intermediate cutting, regulation and control stand density, forest land cleaning, seedbed preparation, add the content such as Litter-fall, seedling management.
The technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:
A naturalization mating system for golden larch seedling, carry out according to following steps:
(1) in artificial golden larch near-mature forest, select trunk to lead to straight, satisfactory, narrow crown type, thin skin, healthy growth, growing way be vigorous, without the individual plant golden larch of damage by disease and insect as breeding dominant tree (elite stand of sowing).
(2) what filter out in step (1) breeds in dominant tree woods, the forest wooden by intermediate cutting interference, growing way is weak and withered vertical, wind-falls blowdown, remove sylvan life and fill with bamboo clump and liane, and carry out loosening the soil, cut grass and foster, density adjusting is carried out, for suitable growing environment is created in golden larch woods Population Growth and procreation to breeding dominant tree standing forest.
(3) consider the Photosynthetic Characteristics of golden larch and environmental suitability thereof and seedlings regeneration growth and environmental suitability, directly select to set up seedbed under seed production stand; Drain ditch is offered at steep; Comprehensive regulation forest floor crushed stone, is used for the stone sorted out building in forest land and cuts (retaining wall) and build horizontal stripes, prevent erosion; Simple and easy trail and operation trail is set up in sylvan life.
(4) according in step (3) for improving the suitable environment of golden larch seedling natural renovation, according to timbered soil nutrient situation, by in seed production stand or other golden larch sylvan life neighbouring collect Litter-fall, the residual body uniform fold of thick matter wood on seedbed, for golden larch seed be scattered renewal, settle down and create suitable growing environment with growing.
(5) the seedling management measure comprising weeding, thinning and the extermination of disease and insect pest etc. is taked to the seedbed of the golden larch scale formed in step (4).
Wherein the golden larch near-mature forest age described in step (1) is 40 ~ 60a, is pure forest simultaneously;
Described money pine forest forest land is arranged in position, hillside, and physical features is comparatively mild, the gradient≤16 °; Soil is deep, fertile, moist, draining is good; Mountain soil is red soil or red-yellow soil, pH value 4.5 ~ 5.0, the surface layer content of organic matter >=4.1%, full nitrogen >=0.15%, full phosphorus >=0.13%.
The stand density of golden larch is 950 ~ 1050 strains/hm
2, wherein dominant tree quantity accounting>=40%; Diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground mean annual precipitation>=0.5cm, the average annual amount of growth>=0.35m of the height of tree;
In the regulation and control of money pine forest stand density, after intermediate cutting, Canopy densities controls 0.65 ~ 0.80; Pine soil depth is 8 ~ 10cm; Main root system to be taken to the Caulis Miscanthis floriduli in underground, indocalamus, kudzu, avoid demutation to encroach on;
The drain ditch that sylvan life seedbed wherein in step (3) is offered, width is 50cm, and the degree of depth is 45cm; The width in simple and easy trail and operation trail is about 25-35cm;
The Litter-fall that seedbed wherein described in step (4) covers and the residual body of thick matter wood are selected from Litter leaf, the branch of golden larch on neighbouring golden larch young-and middle-aged stand forest land, and uniform fold is in seedbed, cladding thickness >=0.5cm;
Weeding management wherein described in step (5) is for after seedling natural renovation is unearthed, and seedbed will weed out the rank grass in time, and its later stage allows a small amount of weeds and nursery stock to grow together, but weeds highly must lower than 6cm;
In thinning management wherein described in step (5), carry out thinning first in late June to overstocked plot of emerging, pull out the seedling that growth is slim and frahile, every square metre retains 60 strains; Again carry out artificial thinning in early September in the same year, every square metre retains 30 ~ 35 strains, guarantees that the health of seedling growth is with neat.
In extermination of disease and insect pest management wherein described in step (5), to the conscientious management of golden larch seedling in seedling stage, to find that damage by disease and insect plant will be pulled out in time and be placed in outside woods.
beneficial effect of the present invention:
1. simplify the operations such as the seed collecting in traditional nursery, seed storage, seed soaking, sowing, breeding method is easy, easy to operate, decreases recruitment, greatly reduces production cost;
2. utilize the wide space of money pine forest sylvan life to set up seedbed, its bud seedling and 1a are raw, and seedling output of seedling is huge, not only a large amount of bud seedlings can be provided indoor industrially to cultivate container seedling, but also can produce the raw bareroot seedling of 1 ~ 2a on seedbed;
3. the seedling cultivated grows better compared with traditional nursery, and height and the leading thread of its growth of seedling are close, and root growth is better than traditional nursery;
4. the seedling cultivated, due to natural renovation, growth, has the advantages such as strong adaptability, cold-resistant, drought resisting compared with traditional nursery;
5., in whole production process, to fertilize, do not spray insecticide and weed killer herbicide, do not adopt chemical means of agricultural production article to establish frame, thus pollution-free at woodland, without residual hazard, without chemical means of agricultural production residue, can available protecting and safeguard Forest productivity.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with subordinate list and specific embodiment, technical scheme of the present invention is described in further details.
embodiment 1:
Implement place and be positioned at winding forest zone, Tian Tong forest farm, Yinzhou District, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province; Experimental period is year April in September, 2010 to 2012.
Winding forest zone area 85hm
2, height above sea level 380 ~ 520m, wherein has money pine forest 18hm
2.These money pine forests mostly are the end of the fifties and the end of the sixties manually builds, and now all enter near-mature forest or mature forest, and standing forest composition mostly is pure forest, and fraction is mixed forest, become the dominant tree species in the ecological recovery afforestation in winding forest zone.Its forest history was fallen leaves shrubbery and deserted mountain before money pine forest.
(1) in golden larch near-mature forest, dominant tree is selected
Select health when golden larch blooms in April, 2010, trunk is logical straight, satisfactory, and thin skin, grows vigorous, the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground and the height of tree be greater than standing forest mean value and without the plant of damage by disease and insect as dominant tree, and mark is registered.
(2) stand density regulation and control
In May, 2010 intermediate cutting golden larch interference wood, withered vertical, forest that wind-fall Schima superba growing way is weak, make Canopy densities control 0.65 ~ 0.80, per hectare keeps 950 ~ 1050 strains; Remove sylvan life and fill with layer, bamboo clump and interlayer liane; Carrying out loosens the soil cuts grass, the degree of depth 8 ~ 10cm; The filling bamboo of above-mentioned cleaning and weeds are dispersed in woods.Full root is wanted to take to the root system of the Caulis Miscanthis floriduli in woods, indocalamus, kudzu and Caulis seu folium ampelopsis brevipedunculatae in Guangdong, demutation is avoided to encroach on, dominant tree is discharged from crowded growing space, tree crown and tree root progressively occupy the previously growing space of interference occupied by wood, increase the leaf area of dominant tree, provide more illumination and subterranean resource, thus dominant tree photosynthesis and vitality are improved, facilitate its growth and solid potentiality.Meanwhile, also for golden larch population colonization provides suitable growing environment.
(3) seedbed prepares
At the position of going up a hill in area, golden larch gentle slope, offer the drain ditch of a wide 50cm, dark 45cm, remove in ditch the branches and leaves that are scattered, in order to draining; Comprehensive regulation forest land stone, builds up the barnacle of irregular horizontal stripes, prevents erosion, effectively utilize forest floor area again by large finger stone lump; By sawed-off to the thick matter residual body of wood cleared up in woods and branch, leaf litters, pulverize, be evenly positioned over forest land, be scattered for seed and seedling natural renovation, settle down and provide suitable environment with growing.
(4) fallen leaves are added
In mid-October, 2010 to the last ten-days period, nigh money pine forest adduction collection Litter leaf, by its uniform fold on seedbed, thickness about 0.5cm.
(5) seedling management
First: weeding
Grasp " except early, except little, except " principle, carry out artificial uprooting weed in late April, 2011 and late August, the weeds of removing be placed in outside woods, with guaranteeing garden few grass or without grass.
Second: water management
Utilize control capacity of forest moisture, so this method is not watered within the seedling growth phase, not drought resisting.
3rd: nutrient management
Utilize forest floor nutrient and add the rotten nutrient of fallen leaves, in seedling growth stage, do not execute any fertilizer, let nature take its course to grow, the survival of the fittest, preferentially uses.
4th: thinning
Carry out thinning in late June, 2011 to overstocked plot of emerging, pull out the seedling that growth is slim and frahile, every square metre retains 60 strains; And again carry out artificial thinning in early September in the same year, every square metre retains 30 ~ 35 strains, guarantees that the health of seedling growth is with neat.
5th: pest management
To find that damage by disease and insect plant is pulled out in time to the golden larch in seedling stage be placed in outside woods or burn.
The conventional open country nursery of control point, place is in Qin Yong village, town of Yinzhou District, Ningbo City Wu, and height above sea level 70m, be paddy field before nursery lot, upper covering yellow soil, per hectare executes superphosphate 450kg, ploughs under in soil.Early March, by the golden larch seed of dry Tibetan, with 40 DEG C of water seed soaking one nights before broadcasting, disseminates in seedbed, broadcasts rear mulching straw and add a cover shade net, broadcast rear administrative skill identical with conventional seedbed system.Table 1 for the present invention with contrast the growth indexes such as breeding method cultivates lower golden larch seedling height of seedling, leading thread, main root are grown, side root length, ratio of height to diameter and coca ratio.As can be seen from the table, the golden larch seedling leading thread that the present invention cultivates and main root length are apparently higher than contrast method, and seedling ratio of height to diameter and coca ratio are significantly lower than contrast method.
The invention has the advantages that and make full use of golden larch near-mature forest forest and large-area forest land resource, by stand tending and forest land process, adding Litter leaf and seedling management for growth of seedling provides suitable environment; Utilize the biological property of golden larch mycorrhizal plants, seedlings regeneration distribution or accumulation and the resistance to the moon of seedling, simplify the operation of the seed collecting of conventional seedling growth, seed storage, seed soaking, sowing and seedling management, reduce production cost, nursery effect is improved greatly; The golden larch seedling height cultivated and conventional seedbed system close, Collar diameter growth is slightly better than conventional seedbed system, convenient management, produces seedling enormous amount, can be applicable in production.
Table 1 two kinds of mating system golden larch growth of seedling index parameters
Note: ratio of height to diameter is the ratio of height of seedling and leading thread; Coca is than the ratio for height of seedling and nursery stock main root length.
Claims (10)
1. a naturalization mating system for golden larch seedling, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
(1) selective advantage wood (elite stand of sowing): select trunk to lead to straight, satisfactory, narrow crown type, thin skin in artificial golden larch near-mature forest, healthy growth, growing way be vigorous, without the golden larch individual plant of damage by disease and insect as breeding dominant tree;
(2) standing forest regulation and control: what filter out in step (1) breeds in dominant tree woods, the forest wooden by intermediate cutting interference, growing way is weak and withered vertical, wind-falls blowdown, removing sylvan life and fill with bamboo clump and liane, and carry out loosening the soil, cut grass and foster, carrying out stand density regulation and control to breeding dominant tree;
(3) seedbed is set up: under seed production stand, set up seedbed; Drain ditch is offered at steep; Comprehensive regulation forest floor crushed stone, is used for the stone sorted out building in forest land and cuts (retaining wall) and build horizontal stripes, prevent erosion; Simple and easy trail and operation trail is set up in sylvan life;
(4) cover litter: according to timbered soil nutrient situation, by seed production stand or other golden larch sylvan life neighbouring collect Litter-fall, the residual body uniform fold of thick matter wood is on seedbed;
(5) seedling management: the seedling management measure comprising weeding, thinning and the extermination of disease and insect pest etc.
2. the naturalization mating system of a kind of golden larch seedling according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the golden larch near-mature forest age described in step (1) is 40 ~ 60a, is pure forest simultaneously.
3. the naturalization mating system of a kind of golden larch seedling according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described in step (1), golden larch near-mature forest forest land is arranged in position, hillside, and physical features is comparatively mild, the gradient≤16 °; Soil is deep, fertile, moist, draining is good; Mountain soil is red soil or red-yellow soil, pH value 4.5 ~ 5.0, the surface layer content of organic matter >=4.1%, full nitrogen >=0.15%, full phosphorus >=0.13%.
4. the naturalization mating system of a kind of golden larch seedling according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described in step (1), the stand density of golden larch near-mature forest is 950 ~ 1050 strains/hm
2, wherein dominant tree quantity accounting>=40%; Diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground mean annual precipitation>=0.5cm, the average annual amount of growth>=0.35m of the height of tree.
5. the naturalization mating system of a kind of golden larch seedling according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in the regulation and control of money pine forest stand density described in step (2), after intermediate cutting, Canopy densities controls 0.65 ~ 0.80; Pine soil depth is 8 ~ 10cm; Main root system is taken to the Caulis Miscanthis floriduli in underground, indocalamus, kudzu.
6. the naturalization mating system of a kind of golden larch seedling according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the described drain ditch width in step (3) is 50cm, and the degree of depth is 45cm; The width in simple and easy trail and operation trail is about 25-35cm.
7. the naturalization mating system of a kind of golden larch seedling according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the Litter-fall that seedbed described in step (4) covers and the residual body of thick matter wood are selected from Litter leaf, the branch of golden larch on neighbouring golden larch young-and middle-aged stand forest land, and uniform fold is in seedbed, cladding thickness >=0.5cm.
8. the naturalization mating system of a kind of golden larch seedling according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, weeding management described in step (5) for seedling natural renovation unearthed after, seedbed weeds out the rank grass in time, its later stage allows a small amount of weeds and nursery stock with growing, but weeds height must lower than 6cm.
9. the naturalization mating system of a kind of golden larch seedling according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in the thinning management described in step (5), in late June, thinning is first carried out to overstocked plot of emerging, pull out the seedling that growth is slim and frahile, every square metre retains 60 strains; Again carry out artificial thinning in early September in the same year, every square metre retains 30 ~ 35 strains, guarantees that the health of seedling growth is with neat.
10. the naturalization mating system of a kind of golden larch seedling according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in the extermination of disease and insect pest management described in step (5), finds that damage by disease and insect plant will be pulled out in time and is placed in outside woods.
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