CN103782773B - Lycoris aurea cultivation method under poplar and lycoris aurea composite cultivation pattern - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a Hudixiao cultivation method under the compound cultivation mode of poplar and Hudixiao. The method comprises: selecting a poplar forest with loose, fertile soil, neutral soil and close to a water source; Make a bed; prepare the bulbs of Hudixiao; excavate the planting ditch in the prepared poplar forest, place the bulbs of Hudixiao in the planting ditch according to the plant spacing, cover the soil, and finally pour the root water; after planting, the daily management of the field includes spring, Cultivate grass in time in summer, fertilize in time, and remove stagnant water in time; harvest bulbs and fresh cut flowers in time. Adopt the Hudixiao cultivation method under the poplar and Hudixiao composite cultivation mode of the present invention, poplar and Hudixiao play their respective biological characteristics, and the ecological conditions such as light energy, heat energy and space of the woodland can be fully utilized, and the increased production of compound management can be deducted. Cost inputs such as materials and labor can increase net profit by more than 20%. It not only further improves the local landscape and ecological benefits, but also improves the economic benefits of poplar forests and further extends the poplar industry chain.

Description

A Hudixiao cultivation method under the compound cultivation mode of poplar and Hudixiao

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of plant mixed cultivation, in particular to a method for cultivating hudixiao under the compound cultivation mode of poplar and hudixiao.

Background technique

Lycoris plant bulbs contain high content of valuable biopharmaceutical raw materials such as galantamine and lycorine, which are good medicines for treating senile dementia and have extremely high economic value. At the same time, Amaryllis plants have bright colors and unique flower shapes, and have high ornamental value; because of their high economic development value, the market demand is increasing day by day. There are about 20 species of Lycoris in the world, and 15 species in my country. Hudixiao (lycoris aurea) is one of the varieties with the highest medicinal value in Lycoris aurea. At present, it is still in a wild state, and relying only on digging the natural resources of wild bulbs not only cannot meet the market demand, but also causes great damage to the ecological environment. It can be seen that the bulb production problem has become the bottleneck of its industrialization development. The method of cultivating Lycoris chinensis under the poplar forest is an effective way to solve this problem.

Poplar forest compound cultivation mode is very rich. Compound cultivation is an effective means to improve the economic benefits of poplar forests. The main modes are forest-agriculture, forest-medicine, forest-grass, etc. Among them, poplar forest-agricultural compound management has become the main management mode. Lei Shuangxi and Zhang Xiaohong invented poplar high-yield forest + intercropping watermelon (interplanting peanut) + intercropping soybean + intercropping pepper + high-yield poplar forest under forest cultivation "1+5" under forest compound management mode. At present, most of the interplanting patterns under poplar forests are mainly carried out in young poplar forests. As the poplars close and become forests, one of them will inevitably have a greater adverse impact. There is no report on the cultivation of Hudixiao under the poplar forest.

Contents of the invention

Purpose of the invention: In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a Hudixiao cultivation method under the composite cultivation mode of poplar and Hudixiao, to solve the ecological problems caused by the supply of Hudixiao bulbs due to the dependence on digging wild bulbs. The damage caused by the environment will increase the ecological and economic benefits of poplar forests.

Technical solution: In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is as follows:

A method for cultivating Hudixiao under the compound cultivation mode of poplar and Hudixiao, the specific steps comprising:

1) Selection of poplar forest land: choose poplar forests with loose, fertile, neutral soil and near water sources. In mountainous areas, choose poplar forests on middle and down slopes;

2) Soil preparation and furrowing: remove the sundries and residues on the poplar forest floor, and deeply plow the forest land between rows to a depth of 20-25cm. At a distance of 30 cm from the base of the poplar, make a low furrow with a width of 40 cm to 50 cm and a depth of 25 cm. Between these two low furrows, make 1 or 2 lower furrows according to the distance between rows to level and loosen the soil;

3) Hudixiao bulb preparation: spread a layer of 5cm thick straw or thin sawdust on the bottom of the plastic frame or bamboo basket or wicker basket, place the bulbs layer by layer in the plastic frame, and use between layers to use Separate dry straw or thin sawdust, cover the top layer with a layer of 5cm thick straw or thin sawdust, label it, and store it in a cool and ventilated place for later use;

4) Hudixiao planting: use hole planting, the plant spacing of hole species is 20cm-25cm, and the row spacing is 25cm-30cm; the planting ditch is excavated according to the row spacing, and the ditch depth is 8cm-10cm; after the planting ditch is completed, the bulbs of Hudixiao The roots are facing down, put them into the ditch according to the plant spacing of 20cm to 25cm, and cover with soil. The thickness of the covering soil is about twice the diameter of the bulb, and finally the root water is poured;

5) Fertilization: combined with deep plowing of forest land, apply organic compound fertilizer, 30kg/mu to 40kg/mu; after planting, when it turns green and germinates, or before the scape blooms, or before the bulb expands after the seeds are harvested, apply topdressing fertilizer, using biological quick-acting fertilizer, Apply to soil or spray directly on plant leaves;

6) Routine management in the field: rake the grass in time in spring and summer; when there is too much natural precipitation, transport the ditch to drain the remaining water in time, and do not water during the flowering period;

7) Harvest bulbs: Dig with a shovel at a distance of 5cm from the bulbs. After harvesting, remove dead leaves, stems and residual roots of the bulbs, do not wash them, and classify the bulbs according to GB/T18247.6-2000;

8) Harvesting of cut flowers: The harvesting period is from the end of August to the end of September every year, and the fresh-keeping treatment is carried out after harvesting.

In step l), the selected poplar forests are all young forests, mature forests and mature forests except the felled forests, and the row spacing is 3m-8m.

In step 2), the furrow type is low furrow, which is convenient for drainage. Because the roots of sudden laughter are flooded, the roots are easy to rot.

In step 2), the period of soil preparation is preferably autumn and winter.

In step 4), the planting time is spring, autumn and summer.

In step 7), the corm harvesting time is after the leaves wither in spring and before the scapes have not been drawn out, or after the flowers have withered in autumn and before the leaves have not germinated. The corms harvested at this time are of good quality and easy to preserve. It can also be harvested in other seasons. After harvesting, the corm leaves are removed and the leaf links are removed, which increases the labor time for harvesting and increases the difficulty of bulb preservation.

In step 8), the timing of picking fresh cut flowers is the flowering period from the end of August to the end of September every year, when the growth of scapes has just stopped and the buds have not yet opened.

In step 8), the time period for field harvesting of fresh-cut flowers is between 6 and 10 o'clock in the morning.

Beneficial effect: Compared with the existing compound cultivation mode of poplar and other plants, the Hudixiao cultivation method under the composite cultivation mode of poplar and Hudixiao of the present invention has the following remarkable features: poplar is a deciduous tree species, leaf stage It is from May to November; while the leaf period of suddenly laughing is from October to April of the following year, and the leaf periods of the two species are just complementary. From May to November, when poplar leaves grow vigorously, the canopy density in the upper forest is high, and the light intensity in the understory is low, which will affect the growth of most plants; but for Amaryllis which is in the deciduous stage at this time, it is not a problem. make an impact. In the dry and windy autumn and winter from November to March of the following year, because the poplar trees are in the leaf-falling period and the ground under the forest is bare, dust will often appear. But at this time, Hudixiao is in the leaf growth period, and the vigorously growing leaves cover the bare woodland after the poplar leaves fall in winter, protecting the environment. Therefore, using the Chinese amaryllis cultivation mode under the poplar forest of the present invention, poplar and amaryllis play their own biological characteristics, and the ecological conditions such as light energy, heat energy, and space of the woodland can be fully utilized, which can increase the income of the forest land by more than 20%, and not only improve the quality of the local area. At the same time, it also improves the ecological and economic benefits of poplar forest land, and further extends the poplar industry chain.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 is a 3m×4m poplar-Hudixiao cultivation model, and the growth state of Hudixiao in early January.

Detailed ways

The content of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

Example 1

A Hudixiao cultivation method under the compound cultivation mode of poplar and Hudixiao, comprising the following steps:

1) Poplar forest selection: According to the environmental requirements for good growth of Amaryllis, choose poplar forests with loose, fertile, neutral soil and close to water sources. The age of the poplar in the present embodiment is 5 years, and the row spacing of the poplar is 3m×4m.

2) Soil preparation and furrowing: remove the sundries and residues on the poplar forest, plow deeply between the rows of the forest to 25cm, combine the deep plowing of the forest and apply organic compound fertilizer, 30kg/mu to 40kg/mu; at a distance of 30cm from the base of the poplar, Each make a low furrow with a width of 40 cm and a depth of 25 cm, and make another low furrow between these two low furrows, so that the woodland between two adjacent rows of poplars is equally divided into 2 work zones. Level loose soil.

3) Seed bulb preparation: spread a layer of 5cm-thick straw on the bottom of the plastic frame, place the bulbs layer by layer in the plastic frame, separate the layers with straw, and cover the top layer with a layer of 5cm-thick straw. Straw, labeled, stacked and stored in a cool, ventilated place for later use.

4) Hudixiao planting: the best planting time is spring and autumn. Planting adopts hole species, the row spacing of the hole species is 25cm×30cm, and the depth of the ditch is 9cm. After the planting ditch is opened according to the row spacing, put the corm root of Hudixiao downward, put it into the ditch according to the spacing of 25 cm, and cover it with soil. Finally, root water is poured; one large ball is planted in each hole, and two small balls are planted in each hole.

5) Routine management in the field: Raise the grass in time in spring and summer, and cover the forest land directly with the cut grass. When there is too much natural precipitation, transport the ditch to drain the remaining water in time, and do not water during the flowering period, because you are afraid of flooding, and too much water can easily cause poor root growth or even rotten roots.

6) Harvesting of bulbs: bulbs can be harvested throughout the year. In order to avoid harvesting bulbs in the growth period of leaves, late spring and autumn are suitable periods for harvesting. The best harvesting time is in late spring after the leaves are withered but before the scapes are drawn out, or in autumn when the flowers have withered and the leaves have not germinated. The bulbs harvested at this time are of good quality and easy to store. It can also be harvested in other seasons, and the corm leaves need to be removed after harvesting. This step of removing leaves increases the labor time for harvesting, and also causes physiological damage to the bulbs, thus increasing the difficulty of bulb preservation; the bulbs are harvested by manual digging: use a shovel at a distance of 5cm from the Lycoris bulbs Dig, avoid digging directly at the root, so as not to damage the corm skin or dig the corm. After the bulbs are harvested, remove dead leaves, dead stems and residual roots, and do not wash them. The bulbs are graded according to GB/T18247.6-2000; generally after 3 years of planting, they can be selectively harvested.

As shown in Figure 1, the leaves that grow vigorously at the beginning of January have covered the bare woodland after the poplar leaves fall in winter, protecting the environment, illustrating that the present invention has also improved the ecological benefits of poplar forests except that it can increase economic benefits.

The row spacing of Hudixiao is 25cm×30cm, and the theoretical density reaches 8800 holes/mu. Excluding 40% of the area occupied by poplars and furrows that cannot be used, the actual density is 5200 holes/mu, and another 15% of the holes are 1 hole and 2 small balls, so the initial planting quantity is about 6000 balls/mu. Three years after the planting of Hudixiao, the bulbs began to divide naturally. The self-propagation and division rate of the bulbs reached 30%, and the number of bulbs reached 7800 bulbs/mu, and 1800 new bulbs were added. For sustainable use, only sell 2/3 of the newly added balls, that is, 1200 balls. Based on the calculation of 1.2 yuan/ball in the market, the income can be 1440 yuan, and the annual income is 480 yuan/mu; The cost of production materials and labor is 250 yuan/mu, and the annual net income can be increased by 230 yuan/mu. If the poplar forest is operated solely, the current average annual income is 1,000 yuan/mu; planting Hudixiao under the poplar forest can increase the net profit by 23%. and sustainable use.

Claims (8)

1. the Lycoris aurea cultivation method under willow, Lycoris aurea composite cultivation mode, it is characterized in that, concrete steps comprise:

1) willow forest land is selected: select loosing soil, fertile, the material poplar forest at soil slant acidity, nearly water source, in mountain region, in selection, the poplar forest of descending position;

2) whole ground bedding: reject the poplar forest residual body of foreign material on the ground, in the ranks deep ploughed in forest land, the degree of depth 20 ~ 25cm; Apart from the base portion 30cm place of willow, the low furrow of each work a wide 40cm ~ 50cm, dark 25cm, between these 2 low furrow according to line space from difference remake 1 ~ 2 low furrow, smoothly to loosen the soil;

3) Lycoris aurea kind ball prepares: spread the thick stalk of one deck 5cm or veneer bits in the bottom of plastic crate or bamboo basket or wicker basket, kind of ball is in layer positioned in plastic crate or bamboo basket or wicker basket, separate with dry stalk or veneer bits between layers, at the thick stalk of the superiors lid layer 5cm or veneer bits, labelled, the place being deposited in shady and cool ventilation stores for future use;

4) Lycoris aurea is planted: excavate planting furrow by line-spacing 25cm ~ 30cm, ditch depth 8cm ~ 10cm; After holding planting furrow successfully, put into ditch by spacing in the rows 20cm ~ 25cm, earthing by the bulb root of Lycoris aurea down; Thickness of earth covering is 2 times of kind of bulb diameter, finally waters normal root water;

5) apply fertilizer: use compoiste fertilizer, 30kg/ mu ~ 40kg/ mu in conjunction with forest land deep ploughing; Turn green after planting rudiment time, take out Roripa bloom before or after seed collection bulb topdress before expanding, adopt biological quick-acting fertile, apply in soil or be sprayed directly on plant blade face;

6) field daily management: spring, time in summer hug grass in time; When natural precipitation is too much, dredging ditch furrow discharge remaining water in time, do not water in flowering stage;

7) plant ball to gather: excavating from Lycoris aurea bulb 5cm place spades, adopt rear kind of ball removing dead leaf, withered stem and undesirable root, do not clean, and carry out kind of a ball classification by GB/T18247.6-2000;

8) cut-flower is gathered: harvest time is annual arrive by the end of September by the end of August, post-harvest fresh-keeping process.

2. the Lycoris aurea cultivation method under willow according to claim 1, Lycoris aurea composite cultivation mode, it is characterized in that: step l) in, the poplar forest selected is all young growths except felling woods, strengthens woods and mature forest in age, and the line-spacing of willow is 3m ~ 8m.

3. the Lycoris aurea cultivation method under willow according to claim 1, Lycoris aurea composite cultivation mode, is characterized in that: step 2) in, bedding type is low furrow, is convenient to draining.

4. the Lycoris aurea cultivation method under willow according to claim 1, Lycoris aurea composite cultivation mode, is characterized in that: step 2) in, the period on whole ground is autumn and winter season.

5. the Lycoris aurea cultivation method under willow according to claim 1, Lycoris aurea composite cultivation mode, is characterized in that: step 4) in, the time of planting is spring, autumn, Xia Sanji.

6. the Lycoris aurea cultivation method under willow according to claim 1, Lycoris aurea composite cultivation mode, it is characterized in that: step 7) in, kind of ball collecting time be spring leaf withered after and before scape not yet extracts out, or before after flower has withered in the fall, leaf is not yet sprouted.

7. the Lycoris aurea cultivation method under willow according to claim 1, Lycoris aurea composite cultivation mode, it is characterized in that: step 8) in, fresh cut-flowers opportunity of plucking is annual by the end of August to flowering stage by the end of September, and scape growth just stops, when petal is not yet open.

8. the Lycoris aurea cultivation method under willow according to claim 1, Lycoris aurea composite cultivation mode, is characterized in that: step 8) in, the time period gathered in the field of fresh cut-flowers is between 6-10 point in the morning.