CN104904537A - Plum tree woodland seedling culturing method - Google Patents
Plum tree woodland seedling culturing method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of agriculture and forestry seedling culturing, in particular to a plum tree woodland seedling culturing method which comprises a nursery field selecting step, a nursery settling and processing step, a stock cultivating managing step, a stock selecting processing step, a scion selecting processing step, a grafting cultivating step and a transplanting seedling lifting processing step. Stock cultivating is carried out through a plum tree woodland intercropping nursery, the land using rate is improved, the water and soil wastage rate is lowered, the soil loosening rate is enhanced, and the labor force for plum tree woodland weeding and soil loosening is lowered. Then, by ploughing, disinfecting and whole-compartment processing, the survival rate of stock seedlings is improved, damage from diseases and pests is lowered, the ventilation state of the nursery woodland is guaranteed, and the oxygen demand of plum seedling growing of the nursery woodland is guaranteed. By weed processing, the competitive growth environment between crops is removed, plum seedling quick growing is promoted, and multiple economic, social and ecological significance is achieved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural seedling growing process field, especially a kind of Japanese plum woodland seedling-cultivating method.
Background technology
Japanese plum is resistance to lean, drought-enduring, and the suitable especially exposed rate of rock is high, the stony desertification mountain area of thin, the easy drought and waterlogging of ecology fragility, severe water and soil erosion, soil layer, becomes the important fruit tree of Chuan Deng Limestone Mountain Areas, Yunnan-Guizhou.Li Yuan treelet in the ranks cover weeds or stalk, intercropping etc. be reduce that Li Yuan earth's surface, Limestone Mountain Areas is exposed, one of the important control measures of preserve moisture and fertility.
And for traditional mating system of Li Miao be: First Year educates anvil, and Second Year is buddered growth, takes time and effort consumption ground; As planted according to bud seedling, survival rate is low again.
Meanwhile, peach, Japanese plum belong to the rose family together, and affiliation is comparatively near, and affinity is strong, after the two grafting, easily produces callus, and gained grafting is healthy and strong, strong stress resistance, and survival rate is high; Wild peach strong adaptability, grow fast, drought-enduring, resistance to lean.Therefore, have researcher from then on feature set out, choose peaches and plumss and carry out grafting, pierre Li Miao, make the Li Miao of acquisition both had wild peach strong adaptability, grow fast, drought-enduring, resistance to lean feature, there is again the feature of Japanese plum, and then make the Li Miao of acquisition healthy and strong, strong stress resistance, survival rate is higher; As Tang Lingjun discloses the mating system of Li Miao in its " Cultivating techniques of peaches and plums seedling " literary composition, comprise the cultivation of rootstock seedling, grafting step, its concrete steps are: adopt lap waste peach and process, preserve and sow to 11-12 month, before sowing, nursery lot are selected that soil layer is deep, fertile, irrigation and drainage paddy field easily.First by garden plough deeply for several times, leveling rake is broken, trench digging builds furrow, the wide 1.2m of furrow, 40cm between furrow.Every 666.7 square metres of barnyard manure 500kg by rotten heat, after adding the mixing of superphosphate 100kg stack retting, spread fertilizer over the fields equably on furrow face, fertilizer, soil are fully mixed thoroughly with rake, leveling furrow face can be sowed.Before sowing, the seed of storage rinsed well and uses Seed soaking more than 24 hours, during seed soaking, removing the poor quality kind of keeping afloat.Preferably seed of the same size is sorted out, soak seed in batches, and then sterilization 1 hour in the thiophanate methyl liquid soaking people 2000 times 70%, prevent stream chamber disease, root knot etc., after sterilization, pull out and drain.Employing direct sowing method is sowed: open traverse furrow for one from furrow, seed is lain against in ditch, about spacing 8cm, and the seed of a upper ditch is covered with the soil of Article 2 ditch, ditch apart from resting in about 18cm, finish rear every 666.7 square metres with 72% all you missible oil 100 ~ 150ml spray in furrow face can management of weeds effectively.Then slowly discharge water after infiltrating l hour, more slowly discharge water.Until during early March, seedling is unearthed successively, starts to open up Ye Shiying and prevents cutworm to the harm of rootstock seedling, and strengthen intertill and clean tillage, suitably enrich compoiste fertilizer, wipe out the branch on stock and catch the heart, make it thickening growth as early as possible seedling.When grafting, film is cut into the billet of wide 2cm, long 20cm, film tape is gathered into folds and opens the hole of a match end size in central authorities, choose the green twig of Japanese plum, under high temperature and humidity condition, carry out grafting, and be the best period of grafting at the beginning of mid-May to 6 month.Select shiny surface to splay a cutter at stock apart from 10 ~ 15cm place, ground during grafting, the about 5mm of the degree of depth, reaches xylem, then cuts the second cutter at the above 1.2cm place, depths from the first cutter, and otch is ligule.Left hand holds scion, and right hand-held knife is from the top 5mm feed of bud to 5 ~ 6mm place, below of bud, and take out cutter and to splay a cutter again, bevel be 45 °, takes off in the embedding people's otch of bud sheet of band xylem, then wraps up interface with preprepared film tape.Grafting is not to the process of rootstock seedling and select green twig as scion, and make the survival rate of grafting be difficult to be protected, resistance is more weak, yields poorly, and clear and melodious, the fragrant and sweet degree of the fruit obtained is poor, affects the income at Japanese plum plantation family; Meanwhile, employing is chosen separately nursery lot and is carried out graft seedling growth, does not make existing Japanese plum woods soil be fully used and protect, increases the input of labour, improves the planting cost at Japanese plum plantation family.
For this reason, those skilled in the art are from current severe water and soil erosion, land utilization rate is not high, labour drops into larger, the angle that agriculture production cost is high is considered, more excellent in the quality of the agricultural product guaranteeing to produce, under the prerequisite that profit is higher, from " to drop into minimum labour, spend minimum production cost, take minimum soil, carry out multilayer stereo and cultivate fruit seedling, make nursery stock overburden soil surface area significantly, when maximum reduction water and soil loss, produce more agricultural product " for the purpose of set out, a kind of new approaches are provided to the mating system of Li Miao.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem existed in prior art, the invention provides a kind of Japanese plum woodland seedling-cultivating method of three-dimensional seedling raising, the method has raising land utilization rate, reduces the exposed rate in earth's surface, shortens seedling raise period, improves survival rate of seedling and resistance, make fruit seedling strong adaptability, grow fast, drought-enduring, resistance to lean, and then reduce the feature such as Japanese plum woodland seedling-cultivating method of production cost devoting rate at plantation family.
Be achieved particular by following technical scheme:
A kind of Japanese plum woodland seedling-cultivating method, comprises the following steps:
(1) nursery lot is chosen and pretreatment: not yet enter that high yield period, physical features are smooth life in 1 ~ 3 year, thicker soil, draining are good, Japanese plum exposed rate comparatively Gao Li garden in the ranks, the higher soil of the exposed rate of Japanese plum woodland is fully utilized, reduce the exposed rate in soil, further reduce water lose rate, protect ecotope; Adopt fenaminosulf to carry out soil disinfection, the survival rate of graft seedling growth is harmed, improve to sick worm when eliminating stock nursery; Adopt mini-size tillage machine to plough deeply to soil, and remove weeds foreign material, finishing rake fine earth ground, makes soil even, thin, flat; Be chosen at the whole furrow of Li Yuan woodland;
(2) stock plantation with cultivate: at the beginning of annual 10 months, choose the wild peach core of gathering then as stock seed, and with carbendazim solution to seed sterilizing, guarantee not bringing into of germ, reduce disease worm impairment rate, improve survival rate of seedling; Late October trench digging drilling, and earthing cladding thickness is after 2 ~ 5cm, then after being 1-2 ㎝ with rice straw mulching thickness, moisturizing of watering, is conducive to the sprouting promoting stock seed, improves survival rate, reduction production cost; In February next year, before wild peach sprouts, adopt paraquat weeding; Late March waters once permeable, when there being the seedling of 10% to be unearthed, removes straw in time, when seedling grows to 10 ~ 15 ㎝, sprays thiophanate methyl in time, and sprays foliage fertilizer, can improve emergence rate, and control seedling damping-off, promotes seedling growth; When nursery stock grows to 30 ㎝ height, carry out intertill and clean tillage and pinch, within every 20 ~ 30 days, spraying with beta-cypermethrin, thiophanate methyl, within every 27 ~ 32 days, impose 1 composite fertilizer, effectively carry out the extermination of disease and insect pest, promote the quick growth of nursery stock; Until 7 ~ September, wild peach seedling leading thread reaches 0.8 ~ 1.5 ㎝, peach anvil is stayed 20-30 ㎝ cutting back, and after thoroughly removing nursery inter-row weed, carries out Li Miao grafting;
(3) grafting: the raw then lignification Ramulus Pruni Salicinae row culture scion choosing diameter 0.5 ~ 0.8 ㎝, cut scion 12 ~ 15cm, erase leaf immediately, article 100, colligation becomes a bundle, is put in bucket, and does not have branch lower end 10 ㎝ with water logging, In Shade for subsequent use, ensure that the not dehydration of scion branch, improve graft survival rate, reduce production cost; Choose stock, at stock height 10cm place, paste xylem and longitudinally gently cuts lower cutter, peel off bark, see that wood does not hinder wood, length 1.5 ~ 2.5 ㎝, and stock top redundance is cut sth. askew remove; Choose fringe bar, cut sth. askew, gently cut part bark, see that wood does not hinder wood in fringe bar bottom, retain 1 bud, length is about 1-2 ㎝, oppositely cuts sth. askew in top; Fringe bar is peelled off cortical section, is close to stock stripped portion, select the polyethylene film bar of 0.02 ㎝ thickness to tie up reality, do not allow wound expose; Be conducive to the bondage of grafting interface, prevent water loss, accelerate healing in order to wound part, accelerate to form callus; When young sprout reaches 28 ~ 32 ㎝, stay 24 ~ 26 ㎝ go top, institute send out side shoot also stay 24 ~ 26 ㎝ go push up, cultivate to winter;
(4) transplant: be chosen at grafting and excavate November then, the degree of depth of excavating and width all should reach 15 ~ 20cm, main root stays 5cm, fibrous root stay 10 ~ 15m to carry out cutting lateral root after lifting be placed in hidden calm place and carry out packing, ensure that moisture is difficult to run off, improve the survival rate of grafting, reduce the production cost at plantation family.
Further, in order to can better be killed by the germ in soil, reach best Disinfection Effect, the concentration of described fenaminosulf is the pulvis of 2.5-3.5%.
Further, in order to enable the germ in soil be killed fully, reduce the impairment of disease worm, the described number of times ploughed deeply is 2-3 time, and the degree of depth is 25 ~ 30cm.
Further, in order to ensure that the Li Miao cultivated can obtain the absorption of sufficient solar radiation and moisture, the centre of described Li Yuan woodland whole Qi Weili garden woodland, parallel with Li Yuan woodland according to east-west direction, railway carriage or compartment mouth 120 ㎝, furrow width 30 ㎝, the whole furrow of ditch depth 20 ㎝.
Further, in order to enable seed reach preferably Disinfection Effect, and can not affect the germination rate of seed, and ensure the water content of seed, the concentration of described carbendazim solution is the pulvis of 50-55%; The processing mode of described sterilizing adopts the mode of soaking, and soaks 14-16 days.
Further, meet the demand of germination in order to ensure the water content in seed, improve the germination rate of seed, reduce production cost, the time of described immersion is 15 days, and constantly keeps the skin wet during immersion.
Further, can be appropriate in order to ensure seedling spacing, can not waste land resources simultaneously, improve per mu yield, reduce production cost, the ditch depth 3 ~ 4cm of described trench digging drilling, line-spacing 25 ㎝, seed spacing 10 ㎝, seeding quantity is 75 ~ 90 ㎏/667 ㎡; In order to improve bud ratio, described earthing cladding thickness is after 3 ~ 4cm, then is 1.5 ㎝ with rice straw mulching thickness; Described moisturizing of watering is for guaranteeing ground moistening; In order to ensure that weeds do not form growth competition relation with rootstock seedling, improve the survival rate of rootstock seedling and healthy and strong rate, the time of described paraquat weeding is at fine day; Can be killed in order to ensure germ, and then not affect the normal growth of rootstock seedling, the concentration of described thiophanate methyl is the pulvis of 70-72%; Described beta-cypermethrin concentration is the aqua of 5-6%.
Further, in order to ensure weeds can removed while, do not affect again the growth of nursery stock and the waste of cost, the concentration of described paraquat is the aqua of 25-26%.
Further, excellent in order to ensure the Li Miao kind of breeding, the kind of described Japanese plum branch is crisp red Lee or blue or green crisp Lee;
Further, in order to ensure that scion can be cut when grafting, can not be damaged again, and then improve graft survival rate, reduce production cost, the described scion diameter chosen is 0.6 ~ 0.7 ㎝;
Further, the survival rate in order to ensure grafting is higher, and cost cost is less, and the described scion cut is 50 ~ 80cm; Described at stock height 10cm place, paste xylem and longitudinally gently cuts lower cutter, peel off bark, see that wood does not hinder wood, length is 2 ㎝; Described cuts sth. askew in fringe bar bottom, gently cuts part bark, sees that wood does not hinder wood, and length is 1.5 ㎝.
Further, in order to make the size of plum seedling suitable, the cultivation of transporting, surely doing shaping and high yield tree crown skeleton can be convenient to when transplanting, it is described when young sprout reaches 30 ㎝, stay 25 ㎝ go top, institute send out side shoot stay 30 ~ 40 ㎝ go push up, cultivate and can transplant to winter;
Further, will because of forfeiture moisture, and cause the survival rate of transplanting to reduce in order to ensure the seedling excavated, the described degree of depth of excavating and width all should reach 17cm, and main root stays 5cm, fibrous root stays 13cm to carry out lifting after cutting lateral root.
Compared with prior art, technique effect of the present invention is embodied in:
1. rootstock seedling is cultivated in the selection by carrying out nursery at Japanese plum woodland, what improve soil makes full use of rate, reduce the water lose rate of Japanese plum woodland, simultaneously, improve the rate of loosening the soil of existing Japanese plum woods, ensure that the Nutrient Absorption of existing Japanese plum woods, and then reduce once again to the weeding of Japanese plum woods, the labour that loosens the soil;
2. turned over nursery process of establishing by disinfecting before the foundation in nursery, sterilize, whole railway carriage or compartment process, ensure that the survival rate of the cultivating process of rootstock seedling, and nutrient, sunlight absorb, improve the survival rate of rootstock seedling, reduce the production cost of rootstock seedling;
3. by the appropriate process to stock and scion, the appropriate control with rootstock seedling spacing, reduces the impairment of disease worm, improves seedling density, ensure that the ventilation state of nursery woodland, ensure that oxygen part demand of the Li Miao growth of nursery woodland;
4. by processing the weeds on nursery, eliminating the competitive growth environment between crop, improve the Nutrient Absorption of Li Miao, facilitate the quick growth of Li Miao;
5. by the appropriate process in grafting procedures, guarantee that grafting procedures can not damage stock and scion, further improve the survival rate of Li Miao;
6. by choosing of stock and choosing of scion variety and state, ensure that quality and the survival rate of grafting Li Miao;
7. by young sprout, side shoot go top process, ensure that the size of plum seedling is suitable, can be convenient to when transplanting to transport, the cultivation of surely dry shaping and high yield tree crown skeleton; By to the degree of depth of excavating and width control system, main root, fibrous root are completely cured the packaging process after cut to lengthen and lifting, guarantee that the seedling excavated will because of forfeiture moisture, and cause the survival rate of transplanting to reduce, further reduce production cost; There is multiple economic society and ecological significance.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, further restriction is done to technical scheme of the present invention, but claimed scope is not only confined to done description.
Embodiment one
A kind of Japanese plum woodland seedling-cultivating method, comprises the following steps:
(1) nursery lot is chosen and pretreatment: not yet enter that high yield period, physical features are smooth life in 1 year, 2 years, 3 years, thicker soil, draining are good, Japanese plum exposed rate comparatively Gao Li garden in the ranks, the higher soil of the exposed rate of Japanese plum woodland is fully utilized, reduce the exposed rate in soil, further reduce water lose rate, protect ecotope; Adopt concentration be 2.5% fenaminosulf carry out soil disinfection, the survival rate of graft seedling growth is harmed, improve to sick worm when eliminating stock nursery; Adopt mini-size tillage machine to plough deeply to soil, and remove weeds foreign material, finishing rake fine earth ground, makes soil even, thin, flat; Be chosen at the whole furrow of Li Yuan woodland;
(2) stock plantation with cultivate: at the beginning of annual 10 months, choose the wild peach core of gathering then as stock seed, and with concentration be 50% carbendazim solution to seed sterilizing, guarantee not bringing into of germ, reduce disease worm impairment rate, improve survival rate of seedling; Late October trench digging drilling, and earthing cladding thickness is after 2cm, 3cm, 4cm or 5cm, then after being 1cm, 1.2cm, 1.4cm, 1.6cm, 1.8cm or 2 ㎝ with rice straw mulching thickness, to water moisturizing, be conducive to the sprouting promoting stock seed, improve survival rate, reduce production cost; In February next year, before wild peach sprouts, employing concentration is the paraquat weeding of 25%; Late March waters once permeable, when there being the seedling of 10% to be unearthed, remove straw in time, when seedling grows to 10cm, 11cm, 12cm, 13cm, 14cm or 15 ㎝, timely spray concentration is the thiophanate methyl of 70%, and sprays foliage fertilizer, can improve emergence rate, control seedling damping-off, promotes seedling growth; When nursery stock grows to 30 ㎝ height, carry out intertill and clean tillage and pinch, every 20 days, 21 days, 22 days, 23 days, 24 days, 25 days, 26 days, 27 days, 28 days, 29 days or 30 days with concentration be 5% cypermethrin, concentration is that 70% thiophanate methyl sprays, within every 27 days, 28 days, 29 days, 30 days, 31 days or 32 days, impose 1 composite fertilizer, effectively carry out the extermination of disease and insect pest, promote the quick growth of nursery stock; Until 7 ~ September, wild peach seedling leading thread reaches 0.8 ㎝, 1 ㎝, 1.2 ㎝, 1.4 ㎝ or 1.5 ㎝, peach anvil is stayed 20 ㎝, 22 ㎝, 24 ㎝, 26 ㎝, 28 ㎝ or 30 ㎝ cutting backs, and thoroughly removes nursery inter-row weed;
(3) grafting: the raw then lignification excessive growth Ramulus Pruni Salicinae row culture scion choosing diameter 0.5 ㎝, 0.6 ㎝, 0.7 ㎝ or 0.8 ㎝, cut scion 50 ㎝, 60 ㎝, 70 ㎝ or 80cm, erase leaf immediately, article 100, colligation becomes a bundle, is put in bucket, and does not have branch lower end 10 ㎝ with water logging, In Shade for subsequent use, ensure that the not dehydration of scion branch, improve graft survival rate, reduce production cost; Choose stock, at stock height 10cm place, paste xylem and longitudinally gently cuts lower cutter, peel off bark, see that wood does not hinder wood, length 1.5 ㎝, 1.7 ㎝, 1.9 ㎝, 2.1 ㎝, 2.3 ㎝ or 2.5 ㎝, and stock top redundance is cut sth. askew remove; Choosing fringe bar, cut sth. askew, gently cut part bark, see that wood does not hinder wood in fringe bar bottom, retain 1 bud, length about 1 ㎝, 1.2 ㎝, 1.4 ㎝, 1.6 ㎝, 1.8 ㎝ or 2 ㎝, oppositely cuts sth. askew in top; Fringe bar is peelled off cortical section, is close to stock stripped portion, select the polyethylene film bar of 0.02 ㎝ thickness to tie up reality, do not allow wound expose; Be conducive to the bondage of grafting interface, prevent water loss, accelerate healing in order to wound part, accelerate to form callus; When young sprout reaches 28 ㎝, 30 ㎝ or 32 ㎝, stay 24 ㎝, 25 ㎝ or 26 ㎝ go top, institute send out side shoot also stay 24 ㎝, 25 ㎝ or 26 ㎝ go push up, cultivate to winter;
(4) transplant: be chosen at grafting and excavate November then, the degree of depth of excavating and width all should reach 15 ㎝, 16 ㎝, 17 ㎝, 18 ㎝, 19 ㎝ or 20cm, main root stays 5cm, fibrous root stays 10 ㎝, 11 ㎝, 12 ㎝, 13 ㎝, 14 ㎝ or 15m carry out cutting lateral root after lifting be placed in hidden calm place and carry out packing, ensure that moisture is difficult to run off, improve the survival rate of grafting, reduce the production cost at plantation family.
Embodiment two
A kind of Japanese plum woodland seedling-cultivating method, comprises the following steps:
(1) nursery lot is chosen and pretreatment: not yet enter that high yield period, physical features are smooth life in 0.5 year, 1.5 years, 2.5 years, thicker soil, draining are good, Japanese plum exposed rate comparatively Gao Li garden in the ranks, the higher soil of the exposed rate of Japanese plum woodland is fully utilized, reduce the exposed rate in soil, further reduce water lose rate, protect ecotope; Adopt concentration to be that 3.5% pcnb carries out soil disinfection, the survival rate of graft seedling growth is harmed, improve to sick worm when eliminating stock nursery; Adopt mini-size tillage machine to plough deeply to soil, and remove weeds foreign material, finishing rake fine earth ground, makes soil even, thin, flat; Be chosen at the whole furrow of Li Yuan woodland;
(2) stock plantation with cultivate: at the beginning of annual 10 months, choose the wild peach core of gathering then as stock seed, and with concentration be 55% carbendazim to seed sterilizing, guarantee not bringing into of germ, reduce disease worm impairment rate, improve survival rate of seedling; Late October trench digging drilling, and earthing cladding thickness is after 2.5cm, 3.5cm, 4.2cm or 4.5cm, after being 1.1cm, 1.3cm, 1.5cm, 1.7cm, 1.9cm or 2 ㎝ with rice straw mulching thickness again, to water moisturizing, be conducive to the sprouting promoting stock seed, improve survival rate, reduce production cost; In February next year, before wild peach sprouts, concentration is adopted to be 26% paraquat weeding; Late March waters once permeable, when there being the seedling of 10% to be unearthed, remove straw in time, when seedling grows to 10.5cm, 11.5cm, 12.5cm, 13.5cm, 14.5cm or 14.8 ㎝, timely spray concentration is the thiophanate methyl of 72%, and sprays foliage fertilizer, can improve emergence rate, control seedling damping-off, promotes seedling growth; When nursery stock grows to 30 ㎝ height, carry out intertill and clean tillage and pinch, every 30 days with efficient concentration be 6% cypermethrin, concentration be 72% thiophanate methyl spray, within every 30 days, impose 1 composite fertilizer, effectively carry out the extermination of disease and insect pest, promote the quick growth of nursery stock; Until 7 ~ September, wild peach seedling leading thread reaches 0.9 ㎝, 1.1 ㎝, 1.3 ㎝, 1.45 ㎝ or 1.48 ㎝, peach anvil is stayed 21 ㎝, 23 ㎝, 25 ㎝, 27 ㎝, 29 ㎝ or 30 ㎝ cutting backs, and thoroughly removes nursery inter-row weed;
(3) grafting: the raw then lignification excessive growth Ramulus Pruni Salicinae row culture scion choosing diameter 0.55 ㎝, 0.65 ㎝, 0.75 ㎝ or 0.78 ㎝, cut scion 50 ㎝, 60 ㎝, 70 ㎝ or 80cm, erase leaf immediately, article 100, colligation becomes a bundle, is put in bucket, and does not have branch lower end 10 ㎝ with water logging, In Shade for subsequent use, ensure that the not dehydration of scion branch, improve graft survival rate, reduce production cost; Choose stock, at stock height 10cm place, paste xylem and longitudinally gently cuts lower cutter, peel off bark, see that wood does not hinder wood, length 1.6 ㎝, 1.8 ㎝, 1.95 ㎝, 2 ㎝, 2.2 ㎝ or 2.4 ㎝, and stock top redundance is cut sth. askew remove; Choosing fringe bar, cut sth. askew, gently cut part bark, see that wood does not hinder wood in fringe bar bottom, retain 1 bud, length about 1.1 ㎝, 1.3 ㎝, 1.5 ㎝, 1.7 ㎝, 1.9 ㎝ or 2 ㎝, oppositely cuts sth. askew in top; Fringe bar is peelled off cortical section, is close to stock stripped portion, select the polyethylene film bar of 0.02 ㎝ thickness to tie up reality, do not allow wound expose; Be conducive to the bondage of grafting interface, prevent water loss, accelerate healing in order to wound part, accelerate to form callus; When young sprout reaches 28.5 ㎝, 29 ㎝ or 31 ㎝, stay 24.5 ㎝, 25.2 ㎝ or 25.5 ㎝ go top, institute send out side shoot also stay 30 ㎝, 35 ㎝ or 40 ㎝ go push up, cultivate to winter;
(4) transplant: be chosen at grafting and excavate November then, the degree of depth of excavating and width all should reach 15.5 ㎝, 16.5 ㎝, 17.5 ㎝, 18.5 ㎝, 19.5 ㎝ or 19.8cm, main root stays 5cm, fibrous root stays 10.5 ㎝, 11.5 ㎝, 12.5 ㎝, 13.5 ㎝, 14.5 ㎝ or 14.8cm carry out cutting lateral root after lifting be placed in hidden calm place and carry out packing, ensure that moisture is difficult to run off, improve the survival rate of grafting, reduce the production cost at plantation family.
Embodiment three
On the basis of embodiment one, in order to can better the germ in soil be killed, reach best Disinfection Effect, the concentration of fenaminosulf is the pulvis of 2.6%, 2.7%, 2.8%, 2.9%, 3.0%, 3.1%, 3.2%, 3.3%, 3.4%, 3.5%, every mu of use 80 grams, converts 20 times of fine earths and mixes thoroughly and sow.
Embodiment four
On the basis of embodiment one to three, in order to enable the germ in soil be killed fully, reduce the impairment of disease worm, the number of times ploughed deeply is 2 times or 3 times, and the degree of depth is 25cm, 26cm, 27cm, 28cm, 29cm or 30cm.
Embodiment five
According to embodiment one to four, in order to ensure that the Li Miao cultivated can obtain the absorption of sufficient solar radiation and moisture, the centre of Li Yuan woodland whole Qi Weili garden woodland, parallel with Li Yuan woodland according to east-west direction, railway carriage or compartment mouth 120 ㎝, furrow width 30 ㎝, the whole furrow of ditch depth 20 ㎝.
Embodiment six
According to embodiment one to five, preferably Disinfection Effect is reached in order to enable seed, and the germination rate of seed can not be affected, and ensure the water content of seed, guarantee that the water content in seed meets the demand of germination, improve the germination rate of seed, reduce production cost, the concentration of carbendazim solution is the pulvis of 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, converts 100 jin of water soakings for 80 grams, the processing mode of sterilizing adopts the mode of soaking, and soaks 14 days, 15 days or 16 days.
Embodiment seven
According to embodiment one to six, can be appropriate in order to ensure seedling spacing, land resources can not be wasted simultaneously, improve per mu yield, reduce production cost, ditch depth 3cm, 3.5cm or 4cm of trench digging drilling, line-spacing 25 ㎝, seed spacing 10 ㎝, seeding quantity is 75 ㎏/667 ㎡, 78 ㎏/667 ㎡, 80 ㎏/667 ㎡, 83 ㎏/667 ㎡, 85 ㎏/667 ㎡, 88 ㎏/667 ㎡, 90 ㎏/667 ㎡.
Embodiment eight
According to embodiment one to six, can be appropriate in order to ensure seedling spacing, can not waste land resources simultaneously, improve per mu yield, reduce production cost, the ditch depth of trench digging drilling is 3cm, 3.5cm or 4cm, and line-spacing 25 ㎝, seed spacing 10 ㎝, seeding quantity is 23000.
Embodiment nine
According to embodiment one to eight, in order to improve bud ratio, earthing cladding thickness is after 3cm, 3.5cm or 4cm, then is 1.5 ㎝ with rice straw mulching thickness; Water moisturizing to guaranteeing ground moistening; Further, in order to ensure that weeds do not form growth competition relation with rootstock seedling, improving the survival rate of rootstock seedling and healthy and strong rate, adopting paraquat in fine day weeding.
Embodiment ten
According to embodiment one to nine, can be killed in order to ensure germ, and then not affect the normal growth of rootstock seedling, the concentration of thiophanate methyl is the pulvis of 71% or 72%, converts 100 jin of water for 100 grams and sprays; Cypermethrin concentration is the aqua of 5.5%, converts 100 jin of water for 60 milliliters and sprays.
Embodiment 11
According to embodiment one to ten, in order to ensure weeds can removed while, do not affect again the growth of nursery stock and the waste of cost, employing concentration is the paraquat sprinkling weeding of 25.1%, 25.2%, 25.3%, 25.4%, 25.5%, 25.6%, 25.7%, 25.8% or 25.9%.
Embodiment 12
According to embodiment one to ten one, excellent in order to ensure the Li Miao kind of breeding, the kind of Japanese plum branch is crisp red Lee or blue or green crisp Lee; And in order to ensure that scion can be cut when grafting, can not be damaged again, and then promote graft survival rate, reduce production cost, the scion diameter chosen is 0.6 ㎝, 0.61 ㎝, 0.63 ㎝, 0.65 ㎝, 0.67 ㎝, 0.69 ㎝ or 0.7 ㎝.
Embodiment 13
According to embodiment one to ten two, the survival rate in order to ensure grafting is higher, and cost cost is less, and the scion cut is 13cm, 13.5cm or 14cm; And at stock height 10cm place, paste xylem and longitudinally gently cut lower cutter, peel off bark, see that wood does not hinder wood, length is 2 ㎝; Cut sth. askew in fringe bar bottom, gently cut part bark, see that wood does not hinder wood, length is 1.5 ㎝.
Embodiment 14
According to embodiment one to ten three, in order to make the size of plum seedling suitable, the cultivation of transporting, surely doing shaping and high yield tree crown skeleton can be convenient to when transplanting, when young sprout reaches 30 ㎝, stay 25 ㎝ go top, institute send out side shoot stay 30-40 ㎝ go push up, cultivate and can transplant to winter.
Embodiment 15
According to embodiment one to ten four, will because of forfeiture moisture, and cause the survival rate of transplanting to reduce in order to ensure the seedling excavated, the degree of depth of excavating and width all should reach 17cm, and main root stays 5cm, fibrous root stays 13cm to carry out lifting after cutting lateral root.
Embodiment 16
According to embodiment one to ten five, after lifting, if transplanting can not be allocated and transported in time, then need to carry out heeling in process, and then ensure the survival rate of Li Miao, improve the survival rate of transplanting, reduce the production cost at plantation family, increase economic efficiency.
Embodiment 17
The method of a kind of Japanese plum woodland nursery, by adopting Japanese plum woodland grafting and breeding plum seedling, define nursery stock woodland stereo cultivation pattern, and then improve land utilization rate, reduce the exposed rate in earth's surface, to a certain degree alleviate status of soil erosion, there is significant economic benefit and ecological, environmental protective meaning; And transplant then in grafting, what then transplant is half seedling, height of seedling can reach about 20cm, leading thread reaches about 1cm, transplanting survival rate is more than 95%, be suitable for cultivating Cold region apple in conjunction with dense planting and pruning technique of pinching especially to get bumper crops in advance Li Yuan, can the seeding row spacing field planting of 3m × 3m, mu plants 74 strains, next year of field planting can first flower, fruit at the beginning of 3rd, within the 4th year, entered the full bearing period to the 5th year, the full bearing period, average year per mu yield reached more than 2000 kilograms; And through putting into practice for many years, breed grafting Li Miao in the ranks 1 ~ 5 Nian Shengli garden treelet, often taking turns every mu can nursery 1.5 ~ 1.8 ten thousand strain, and every mu of grafting output value can reach more than 15000 yuan, to raising You Lingli garden economic benefit, increasing orchard worker and take in significant; With Japanese plum conventional seedbed system Measures compare, transplant 1 year life half seedling and can shorten growing-seedling period 1-2, to improve grafting Li Miao to breed efficiency significant; Simultaneously, make full use of Li Yuan treelet open country in the ranks, in raising Li Yuan land utilization rate simultaneously, also the cultivation management in You Lingli garden and biological covering demand is solved, needs are covered with biological according to Li Yuan exposed situation in the ranks, also can continue cultivation 2 even grafting transplanting in 3 ages or sale in age on the spot, there is multiple social economy and ecological significance.
Preferably, Li Yuan is asexual crisp red Lee of fast breeding or clear emerald green Lee Li Miao in the ranks, the steps include:
(1) instrument prepares and stock cultivation: preparing plastic film tape, and grafting knife, shrub and hedge trimmer, handsaw, grinding stone are a set of, selects exposed Shuai Gaoli garden in the ranks to set up seedbed, cultivates wild peach stock;
(2) grafting cultivate: 1. in July to September, select leading thread reach 0.8 more than ㎝ peach anvil, stay 25 ㎝ high shrub and hedge trimmer to be wiped out on top, nursery inter-row weed thoroughly cleared up; 2. stock is sheared: with grafting knife, selects stock level and smooth, apart from about 10 ㎝ places, paste xylem and gently cut, stripping bark, not hinder wooden being advisable, length 2 ㎝, the unnecessary stock in top is cut sth. askew and is removed; 3. fringe bar cuts: in maternal plant garden, select bud mouth full, without the lignified fringe bar of damage by disease and insect, cut sth. askew from bottom, gently cut part bark, see that wood does not hinder wood equally, retaining 1 bud, length about 1.5 ㎝, oppositely cuts sth. askew in top, and scion is peeled towards the inner stock of insertion gently otch, scion is alignd with the formation layer of stock; 4. bondage and elongated shoot are cultivated: cortical section is peelled off in scion, be close to stock stripped portion, the polyethylene film bar of timely use 0.02 ㎝ thickness ties up reality, within 25 days, get final product rudiment later, when young sprout reaches about 30 ㎝, stay 25 ㎝ to go to top, send out side shoot also stay 25 ㎝ go top, just can be bred as high 35 ㎝, leading thread 0.8 more than ㎝ winter, there is the grafting Li Miao of 3 ~ 4 branches (elongated shoot), because film tape is very thin, can draw or allow it collapse brokenly voluntarily by cutter when young sprout 15 more than ㎝; 5. pruning and a transplantation of seedlings: when winter, November got transplantation of seedlings, growth angle about 40 degree of selecting and remain, 3 ~ 4 healthy and strong tips that orientation is different carry out as major branch pruning of pinching; Time again to the middle ten days and the last ten days in November, transplantation of seedlings can be played, during lifting, can not because of forfeiture moisture in order to ensure the seedling excavated, and causing the survival rate of transplanting to reduce, the degree of depth of excavating and width all should reach 17cm, and main root stays 5cm, fibrous root stays 13cm to carry out lifting after cutting lateral root.
Test example:
Test example one, Japanese plum transplanting survival rate contrast
Choose crisp red Lee and clear and melodious Lee two kinds of Japanese plum kinds as scion, wild peach kind is as stock; The Li Miao graft technology introduced in " Cultivating techniques of peaches and plums seedling " literary composition and traditional Li Miao graft technology and Li Miao graft technology of the present invention is adopted to carry out Li Miao grafting 1000 strain respectively respectively, in time transplanting, according to transplanting method and traditional transplanting method of each technology introduction, transplanting process is carried out to the Li Miao of grafting, show that the survival rate contrast situation of transplanting Li Miao is as shown in the table:
| The technology of the present invention | The Cultivating techniques of peaches and plums seedling | Conventional art | |
| Crisp red Lee | 957 | 904 | 789 |
| Clear and melodious Lee | 966 | 891 | 741 |
As can be seen from table obviously, the Li Miao graft and transplantation survival rate of the technology of the present invention than the Cultivating techniques of peaches and plums seedling and conventional art all higher, there is the effect significantly promoting Lee's shoot survival percent, make Li Miao graft and transplantation survival rate reach more than 95%.
The plantation pretreatment of test example two, stock and nurturing research
Choose wild peach as stock variety, adopt in " Cultivating techniques of peaches and plums seedling " literary composition the Li Miao graft technology introduced and traditional Li Miao graft technology and Li Miao graft technology of the present invention respectively, pretreatment and cultivation are carried out to wild peach stock, plant 500 strains, stock survival rate and healthy and strong rate as shown in the table:
| The technology of the present invention | The Cultivating techniques of peaches and plums seedling | Conventional art | |
| Survival rate | 496 | 461 | 456 |
| Healthy and strong rate | 459 | 429 | 435 |
As can be seen from the table, technology of the present invention is compared with traditional technical scheme, in the plantation pretreatment of rootstock seedling and cultivating process, in technology of the present invention, all higher than conventional art of the healthy and strong rate of the survival rate of rootstock seedling and nursery stock, reduce the cost that rootstock seedling is cultivated, reduce orchard worker's Japanese plum seedling cost.
Adopt the method for above grafting 1 year raw Li Miao, the survival rate of transplanting is to more than 95%, nursery stock is of moderate size, be convenient to the cultivation of transporting, surely doing shaping and high yield tree crown skeleton, Li Yuan treelet can be made full use of and breed grafting Li Miao in the ranks, reach and breed commodity Li Miao and improve Li Yuan economic benefit and implement Li Yuan intercropping in the ranks and reduce that earth's surface is exposed, preserve moisture and fertility dual purpose, achieve the intensive measure of Li Yuan premature labor, high yield, stable yields, low consumption, reduce Financial cost and the labour of orchard worker; In transplanting orchard then and later each year, adopting the technology of pinching supporting annual 5 ~ August and pruning and cultivating elongated shoot, fruit spur and weak branch, the object downgrading tree crown, planting culture, in advance high yield and stable yields can be reached, the height of tree crown and amplitude-controllable are within 2m × (2 ~ 2.5) m, transplanting next year can just really, within 3rd year, allow it bear fruit, within the 4th year, enter high yield period to the 5th year.
The embodiment of above embodiment not limit the technical program, be only limitted to preferred embodiment describe in detail, those skilled in the art, by simple substitute mode, reaches the technique effect same with the technical program, can not simply get rid of within the technical program.
Claims (10)
1. a Japanese plum woodland seedling-cultivating method, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
(1) nursery lot is chosen and pretreatment: not yet enter that high yield period, physical features are smooth life in 1 ~ 3 year, thicker soil, draining are good, Japanese plum exposed rate comparatively Gao Li garden in the ranks, the higher soil of the exposed rate of Japanese plum woodland is fully utilized, reduce the exposed rate in soil, further reduce water lose rate, protect ecotope; Adopt fenaminosulf to carry out soil disinfection, the survival rate of graft seedling growth is harmed, improve to sick worm when eliminating stock nursery; Adopt mini-size tillage machine to plough deeply to soil, and remove weeds foreign material, finishing rake fine earth ground, makes soil even, thin, flat; Be chosen at the whole furrow of Li Yuan woodland;
(2) stock plantation with cultivate: at the beginning of annual 10 months, choose the wild peach core of gathering then as stock seed, and with carbendazim solution to seed sterilizing, guarantee not bringing into of germ, reduce disease worm impairment rate, improve survival rate of seedling; Late October trench digging drilling, and earthing cladding thickness is after 2 ~ 5cm, then after being 1-2 ㎝ with rice straw mulching thickness, moisturizing of watering, is conducive to the sprouting promoting stock seed, improves survival rate, reduction production cost; In February next year, before wild peach sprouts, adopt paraquat weeding; Late March waters once permeable, when there being the seedling of 10% to be unearthed, removes straw in time, when seedling grows to 10 ~ 15 ㎝, sprays thiophanate methyl in time, and sprays foliage fertilizer, can improve emergence rate, and control seedling damping-off, promotes seedling growth; When nursery stock grows to 30 ㎝ height, carry out intertill and clean tillage and pinch, within every 20 ~ 30 days, spraying with beta-cypermethrin, thiophanate methyl, within every 27 ~ 32 days, impose 1 composite fertilizer, effectively carry out the extermination of disease and insect pest, promote the quick growth of nursery stock; Until 7 ~ September, wild peach seedling leading thread reaches 0.8 ~ 1.5 ㎝, peach anvil is stayed 20-30 ㎝ cutting back, and after thoroughly removing nursery inter-row weed, carries out Li Miao grafting;
(3) grafting: the raw then lignification Ramulus Pruni Salicinae row culture scion choosing diameter 0.5 ~ 0.8 ㎝, cut scion 12 ~ 15cm, erase leaf immediately, article 100, colligation becomes a bundle, is put in bucket, and does not have branch lower end 10 ㎝ with water logging, In Shade for subsequent use, ensure that the not dehydration of scion branch, improve graft survival rate, reduce production cost; Choose stock, at stock height 10cm place, paste xylem and longitudinally gently cuts lower cutter, peel off bark, see that wood does not hinder wood, length 1.5 ~ 2.5 ㎝, and stock top redundance is cut sth. askew remove; Choose fringe bar, cut sth. askew, gently cut part bark, see that wood does not hinder wood in fringe bar bottom, retain 1 bud, length is about 1-2 ㎝, oppositely cuts sth. askew in top; Fringe bar is peelled off cortical section, is close to stock stripped portion, select the polyethylene film bar of 0.02 ㎝ thickness to tie up reality, do not allow wound expose; Be conducive to the bondage of grafting interface, prevent water loss, accelerate healing in order to wound part, accelerate to form callus; When young sprout reaches 28 ~ 32 ㎝, stay 24 ~ 26 ㎝ go top, institute send out side shoot also stay 24 ~ 26 ㎝ go push up, cultivate to winter;
(4) transplant: be chosen at grafting and excavate November then, the degree of depth of excavating and width all should reach 15 ~ 20cm, main root stays 5cm, fibrous root stay 10 ~ 15m to carry out cutting lateral root after lifting be placed in hidden calm place and carry out packing, ensure that moisture is difficult to run off, improve the survival rate of grafting, reduce the production cost at plantation family.
2. Japanese plum woodland seedling-cultivating method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described fenaminosulf concentration is the pulvis of 2.5-3.5%.
3. Japanese plum woodland seedling-cultivating method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the described number of times ploughed deeply is 2-3 time, the degree of depth is 25 ~ 30cm.
4. Japanese plum woodland seedling-cultivating method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the centre of described Li Yuan woodland whole Qi Weili garden woodland, parallel with Li Yuan woodland according to east-west direction, railway carriage or compartment mouth 120 ㎝, furrow width 30 ㎝, the whole furrow of ditch depth 20 ㎝.
5. Japanese plum woodland seedling-cultivating method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the concentration of described carbendazim solution is 50-55%;
The processing mode of described sterilizing adopts the mode of soaking, and soaks 14-16 days.
6. Japanese plum woodland seedling-cultivating method as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that: the time of described immersion is 15 days, and constantly keeps the skin wet during immersion.
7. Japanese plum woodland seedling-cultivating method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the ditch depth 3 ~ 4cm of described trench digging drilling, line-spacing 25 ㎝, seed spacing 10 ㎝, seeding quantity is 75 ~ 90 ㎏/667 ㎡;
Described earthing cladding thickness is after 3 ~ 4cm, then is 1.5 ㎝ with rice straw mulching thickness;
Described moisturizing of watering is for guaranteeing ground moistening;
The time of described paraquat weeding is at fine day.
8. Japanese plum woodland seedling-cultivating method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the concentration of described thiophanate methyl is the pulvis of 70%-72%;
Described cypermethrin concentration is the aqua of 5%-6%;
The concentration of described paraquat is the aqua of 25%-26%.
9. Japanese plum woodland seedling-cultivating method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the kind of described Japanese plum branch is crisp red Lee or blue or green crisp Lee;
The described scion diameter chosen is 0.6 ~ 0.7 ㎝;
The described scion cut is 50 ~ 80cm; Described at stock height 10cm place, paste xylem and longitudinally gently cuts lower cutter, peel off bark, see that wood does not hinder wood, length is 2 ㎝;
Described cuts sth. askew in fringe bar bottom, gently cuts part bark, sees that wood does not hinder wood, and length is 1.5 ㎝.
10. Japanese plum woodland seedling-cultivating method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described when young sprout reaches 30 ㎝, stays 25 ㎝ to go to top, send out side shoot and stay 30-40 ㎝ to go to push up, cultivate and can transplant to winter;
The described degree of depth of excavating and width all should reach 17cm, and main root stays 5cm, fibrous root stays 13cm to carry out lifting after cutting lateral root, and are placed in hidden calm place and carry out packing.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105325180A (en) * | 2015-10-31 | 2016-02-17 | 阜南县田隆花木种植有限公司 | Method for carrying out grafting and seedling cultivating on prunus cerasifera |
| CN106212173A (en) * | 2016-07-31 | 2016-12-14 | 普定县绿源苗业开发有限公司 | A kind of method improving blue or green crisp Lee's percentage of fertile fruit |
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| CN105325180A (en) * | 2015-10-31 | 2016-02-17 | 阜南县田隆花木种植有限公司 | Method for carrying out grafting and seedling cultivating on prunus cerasifera |
| CN106212173A (en) * | 2016-07-31 | 2016-12-14 | 普定县绿源苗业开发有限公司 | A kind of method improving blue or green crisp Lee's percentage of fertile fruit |
| CN106489511A (en) * | 2016-11-29 | 2017-03-15 | 深圳市东华园林股份有限公司 | A kind of propagation method of bay bean seed |
| CN107896794A (en) * | 2017-11-30 | 2018-04-13 | 李双均 | A kind of cultural method of phoenix plum |
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| CN104904537B (en) | 2017-04-12 |
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