CN104126476A - Double-layer high-yield natural pollination planting method for kiwi fruits - Google Patents
Double-layer high-yield natural pollination planting method for kiwi fruits Download PDFInfo
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- CN104126476A CN104126476A CN201410393566.5A CN201410393566A CN104126476A CN 104126476 A CN104126476 A CN 104126476A CN 201410393566 A CN201410393566 A CN 201410393566A CN 104126476 A CN104126476 A CN 104126476A
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- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a multilayer high-yield natural pollination planting method for kiwi fruits and aims to provide a planting method for the kiwi fruits with high yield per mu. The method comprises the following steps of (1) seedling growing, (2) seedling field selection and flattening, (3) planting, (4) root system cultivation and management in the first year, (5) grafting of varieties and cultivation of branches and tendrils in the second year and (6) management of grafted seedlings. According to the method, by increasing the planting density of kiwi fruit seeds from original 110 plants (2 m*3 m) per mu to 220 plants (1 m*3 m) per mu, the sciophilous character of the kiwi fruits in the growing process is given to fully play; since a two-layer kiwi fruit trellis is erected on the kiwi fruits, in the growing process of kiwi fruit trees, the branches and tendrils of the kiwi fruit trees are led to the second-layer space every other kiwi fruit tree, the growing space above the kiwi fruit trees is fully utilized, the purpose of fruiting on double-layer branches and tendrils is achieved, the yield per mu is increased by over 80% on the basis of original yield per mu, the land is saved, and benefits are increased.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to planting fruit trees technical field, especially relate to the double-deck high yield spontaneous pollination of a kind of kiwi fruit implantation methods.
Background technology
Kiwi fruit has another name called wild peach or Chinese grooseberry, and it originates in China, therefore claims again Chinese gooseberry.Fruit is oval type, by brownish black hair, and sour-sweet delicate fragrance when ripe.Kiwi fruit is containing multivitamin and fat, protein, amino acid and calcium, phosphorus, iron, magnesium, pectin etc., and wherein Vitamin C content is very high, and every 100 grams of kiwi fruits are containing 400～430 milligrams of vitamin Cs.The sweet acid of kiwi fruit taste, cold in nature, have promote the production of body fluid antipyretic, adjust in effect of lower gas, the diuresis of quenching the thirst, nourishing and fit keeping function.The hydrolase that it contains thiol proteinase and superoxide dismutase, have beauty treatment, improve immunity, anticancer, anti-ageing, softening blood vessel, anti-swollen inflammation-diminishing function.The serum augmentor that kiwi fruit contains have set the mind at rest, the effect of calm mood; Contained natural inositol contributes to brain activity; Dietary fiber can reduce cholesterol, promotes health of heart; Actinidine and multiple protein enzyme, have Appetizing spleen-tonifying, aid digestion, the function that prevents constipation.In addition, kiwi fruit also has the effect of blacking hair and beauty, tender and lovely skin.The suitable cancer of the stomach of kiwi fruit, the cancer of the esophagus, lung cancer, breast cancer, high blood pressure, coronary heart disease, icterohepatitis, arthritis, urethral calculus edible for patients; Suitable poor appetite, indigestion person eat; Special Work personnel and the old and the weak's patients such as suitable aviation, navigation, plateau, mine.Kiwi fruit is sold abroad in recent years, and domestic each large market is also that supply falls short of demand, when kiwi fruit sells well, also drives the orchard worker of large quantities of plantation kiwi fruits jointly to get rich! Developing rural economy, industry restructuring, the updating and upgrading of a product, Developing Sightseeing agricultural etc., kiwi fruit plantation becomes vast farmers friend optimumitem.
When the industry of kiwi fruit plantation is in recent years greatly developed, in planting process, adopt individual layer greenhouse frame or individual layer T shape frame, how to improve kiwi fruit unit's per mu yield, increase kiwi fruit per mu yield benefit, how improving high temperature in kiwi fruit planting process is plantation family urgent problem on the impact of actinidia tree growth and physiological fallen fruit.
Summary of the invention
The present invention has overcome shortcoming of the prior art, and a kind of implantation methods of kiwi fruit per mu yield high efficiency is provided.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions: the double-deck high yield spontaneous pollination of a kind of kiwi fruit implantation methods, comprises the following steps:
(1) grow seedlings:
A) collect seed: at the fully ripe wild Fructus actinidiae chinensis fruit of early and middle ten days collection in early September-October; Demucilage is collected kiwi fruit seed and is dried in the shade;
B) sowing: the time is to sow mid-March to early April;
(2) seedling ground is selected and is smooth: select height above sea level 600-1200 rice subalpine region, before land readjustment, fertilizer is sprinkled into and needs on smooth soil and carry out soil and plough deeply; By the plot ridging after ploughing deeply, after a good ditch, will after the land readjustment on ridge, again soil on railway carriage or compartment be turned over carefully;
(3) plantation: select the annual kiwi fruit seedling with wild Fructus actinidiae chinensis cultivating seeds to carry out field planting, the kiwi fruit spacing in the rows of planting is one meter of one strain;
(4) First Year root system is cultivated and management: after the beginning of spring, kiwi fruit germinates, and retains a healthy and strong bud and upwards grows, and grows to 15 centimetres of left and right at kiwi fruit seedling, cuts top from seedling approximately 10 centimeters, impels kiwi fruit seedling to sprout multiple branches and tendrils; Set up the double-deck flat-top frame of kiwi fruit: set up cement pillar every 3x4 rice, pillar in the middle of Quan Yuanzhong is isosceles triangle and arranges, the cement pillar of frame surrounding couples together with steel wire, and steel wire ground floor approximately 165 centimeters from ground form ground floor flat-top frame fastening; The steel wire second layer from ground 235 approximately a centimetre eminence fastening, form second layer flat-top frame; And carry out the extermination of disease and insect pest at administration period;
(5) Second Year Grafted Variety and branches and tendrils are cultivated: mid-February to late March grafting; Staminiferous plant proportioning when grafting: garden first row becomes staminiferous plant from the 3rd strain grafting, the 11st strain grafting becomes staminiferous plant, and the 19th strain grafting becomes staminiferous plant, the 27th strain grafting becomes staminiferous plant, the 35th strain grafting becomes staminiferous plant, and the 43rd strain grafting becomes staminiferous plant, and the 51st strain grafting becomes staminiferous plant, the 59th strain grafting becomes staminiferous plant, the 67th strain grafting becomes staminiferous plant, and the 75th strain grafting becomes staminiferous plant, and the 83rd strain grafting becomes staminiferous plant, the 91st strain grafting becomes staminiferous plant, and the 99th strain grafting becomes staminiferous plant.Second row becomes staminiferous plant from the 7th strain grafting, the 15th strain grafting becomes staminiferous plant, and the 23rd strain grafting becomes staminiferous plant, and the 31st strain grafting becomes staminiferous plant, the 39th strain grafting becomes staminiferous plant, the 47th strain grafting becomes staminiferous plant, and the 55th strain grafting becomes staminiferous plant, and the 63rd strain grafting becomes staminiferous plant, the 71st strain grafting becomes staminiferous plant, the 79th strain grafting becomes staminiferous plant, and the 87th strain grafting becomes staminiferous plant, and the 95th strain grafting becomes staminiferous plant; The 3rd row grafting staminiferous plant puts in order identical with first row, the 4th row's grafting staminiferous plant puts in order identical with second row, after put in order by this;
(6) management of grafting: in 3-4 week after grafting, grafting bud starts to germinate, and treats that sprouting grows two young leaves and starts pre-preventing disease and pest; Be driven underground 20 centimetres with bamboo chip or reinforcing bar, one is connected on bamboo chip fixing, each ranked first strain rope and is fixed on the kiwi fruit frame second layer, the second strain is fixed on the ground floor of kiwi fruit frame, sprout and take out after the tip at grafting bud, young sprout is tied up to protect on rope and fix, draw the upwards straight growth of the tender tip of kiwi fruit; When the kiwi fruit seedling of grafting, each is arranged the 1st plant height degree and reaches 250 centimetres, in 230 centimeters, kiwi fruit seedling is carried out to fixed pole, make kiwi fruit top sprout 2 side shoots, unnecessary side shoot is erased in time, in the time that each is arranged the 2nd plant height degree and reaches 180 centimetres, in 160 centimeters, kiwi fruit seedling is carried out to fixed pole, make kiwi fruit top sprout 2 side shoots, unnecessary side shoot is erased in time, the 3rd strain is drawn the second layer with the 1st plant height degree, ground floor is drawn in the 4th strain, the like form the 1st plant height the 2nd strain low, cultivate into double-deck result branches and tendrils.
Preferably, in described step (1), the collection method of seed is that fruit is extruded together with seed, packs rubbing in gauze bag into, and seed is separated with pulp, then repeatedly eluriates with clear water, clean seed is placed on to indoor spreading out and dries in the shade.
Preferably, in described step (1), also comprise the seed Sand culture after drying in the shade: by 40-50 DEG C of emerge in worm water of seed 2 hours, then soak diel with cold water, then huskyly hide sowing in 50-60 days.
Preferably, the type of seeding of seed in described step (1): select the deep fertile railway carriage or compartment of doing of soil layer, wide 1 meter of left and right, railway carriage or compartment, suppresses seedbed a little wholely, waters permeablely, and seed is sowed; After planting, spread the thin river sand of the about 2-3 millimeter of thick layer, and mulching straw, on grass, after water spray, take plastics hut.
Preferably, in described step (2), the consumption of fertilizer is in mu, and its component and weight are 1500 kilograms of machine farmyard manures, cake fertilizer double centner, 50 kilograms of composite fertilizers, 50 kilograms of superphosphate.
Preferably, the degree of depth that in described step (2), soil is ploughed deeply is more than 80 centimetres.
Preferably, the plot ridging in described step (2) is to put corrugate centered by every 6 meters, and ditch is opened 60 centimetres of the degree of depth, and wide 60 centimetres, the soil in ditch is placed on the railway carriage or compartment on both sides.
Preferably, the diameter of the kiwi fruit seedling through selecting in described step (3) is not less than 0.8 ㎝, and main root is more than three, and main root is about 15 centimetres.
Preferably, administration period carries out extermination of disease and insect pest mode and is in described step (4): March, pre-preventing disease and pest used: 20 milliliters of 15 milliliters+chlopyrifos of 10 milligrams+carbendazim of agricultural streptomycin are watered 30 jin of even spraying at kiwi fruit leaf positive and negative; April, pre-preventing disease and pest used: 20 milliliters of 12 grams+High effect cypermethrins of 20 grams+Boscalid of azoles ether * Carbatene are watered 30 jin of even spraying at kiwi fruit leaf positive and negative; May, pre-preventing disease and pest used: 10 grams of 20 grams+Imidacloprids of 15 milliliters+polyoxin of copper 8-hydroxyquinolinate are watered 30 jin of even spraying at kiwi fruit leaf positive and negative; 5 Baume degrees lime sulfurs of kiwi fruit fallen leaves Hou Quan garden spray in December in winter.
Preferably, in described step (4), the cement pillar of the double-deck flat-top frame of kiwi fruit is high 3 meters, imbeds 65 centimetres, soil.
Compared with prior art, tool of the present invention has the following advantages:
(1) the present invention is by increasing kiwi fruit monkey planting density, be increased to 220 strains (1 meter of X3 rice) by original mu plantation density 110 strains (2 meters of x3 rice), give full play to and in Kiwi growth process, like cloudy characteristic, on kiwi fruit, build two-layer kiwi fruit frame, spacing that ground floor frame is liftoff is 160 centimetres, spacing that second layer frame is liftoff is 240 centimetres, when actinidia tree is in process of growth, at interval of a strain actinidia tree, branches and tendrils are guided to second layer space, take full advantage of the growing space, top of kiwi fruit, reach the object of double-deck complicated and confused result, on the basis of original per mu yield, improve per mu yield more than 80%, save soil and increased benefit.
(2) method of the present invention can increase kiwi fruit garden male flower pollen amount, rationally improve Actinidia strain proportioning and reach 7:1, kiwi fruit staminiferous plant is all drawn second layer frame in Jiang Quan garden, staminiferous plant is Chinese character pin-shaped arrangement plantation, kiwi fruit staminiferous plant should exceed kiwi fruit lower floor female plant more than 70 centimetres, in the Kiwi fruit pollen pollination maturing stage, kiwi fruit male flower pollen can be propagated and reach more than 10 square metres by faint wind-force, in conjunction with multi-layer rack height feature, make kiwi fruit male flower pollen can propagate farther, pollinate more even more comprehensively, reduce like this cost of artificial pollination, improve kiwi fruit fruit-setting rate.
(3) the shady and cool moistening growing environment of kiwi fruit happiness, when summer high temperature reaches 38 degrees Celsius, kiwi fruit reduces or stops growing, cause moisture under-supply and produce physiological fallen fruit phenomenon, make full use of the feature of kiwi fruit multi-layer rack, on upper bed rack, kiwi fruit branches and tendrils reach more than 80% for lower floor provides shading rate, reduce summer high temperature soil water evaporation is reached to 30%, reduce soil ground temperature and reach 3 degrees Celsius, reach preserving soil moisture object, improve kiwi fruit garden microclimate, people is for providing the condition of the cloudy growth of the anti-wild happiness naturally of kiwi fruit, reduce the injury of summer high temperature to actinidia tree, also reduced the evaporation of high temperature to soil moisture.
Embodiment
To the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention be clearly and completely described below, obviously, described embodiment is only the present invention's part embodiment, instead of whole embodiment.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art, not paying the every other embodiment obtaining under creative work prerequisite, belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
Embodiment:
(1) grow seedlings: a) collect seed: at the fruit of the abundant ripe wild Fructus actinidiae chinensis of early and middle ten days collection in early September-October.After after-ripening deliquescing, fruit is extruded together with seed, pack rubbing in gauze bag into, seed is separated with pulp, then repeatedly eluriate with clear water, clean seed is placed on to indoor spreading out and dries in the shade.Seed Sand culture: by 40-50 DEG C of emerge in worm water 2 hours for seed, then soak diel with cold water, then huskyly hide sowing in 50-60 days.Kiwi fruit seed is afraid of that in the process of sand Tibetan dry fearness is wet, check more, stir more, prevents to go mouldy.
B) sowing: 1. sowing time: mid-March to early April is sowed.2. type of seeding: the one, nursery lot is chosen in soil layer deep fertile and irrigation and drainage and the good place of transportation condition; The 2nd, do railway carriage or compartment wholely, use sufficient base fertilizer, remove foreign material, wide 1 meter of left and right, railway carriage or compartment, suppresses seedbed a little, water permeable, sand hide seed belt sand sow.After planting, spread the thin river sand of the about 2-3 millimeter of thick layer, and mulching straw, on grass, after water spray, take plastics hut.The 3rd, strengthen seedbed management, guarantee to cultivate after 1 year and grow up to healthy and strong rootstock seedling.
(2) seedling ground is selected and is smooth:
Kiwi fruit root system carnification, fragile especially, be both afraid of accumulated water, be afraid of again high temperature and drought, young sprout had both been afraid of that high wind fractureed, and was afraid of again cold in the late spring or low temperature freezing-disaster.Suitable (height above sea level 600-1200 rice) plantation in subalpine region, select deep, the fertile soil of soil layer, quality is loose, draining is good and garden is built in place that have a good transport service, as on low mountain, when hills or Plain cultivation kiwi fruit, must possess suitable irrigation and drainage facility, ensure not steeped rainy season, can irrigate in time dry season.In garden, surrounding is preferably built wind break.
Choose and build after the piece of field, before land readjustment, 50 kilograms of 1500 kilograms of the organic farmyard manures becoming thoroughly decomposed, cake fertilizer double centner, 50 kilograms of composite fertilizers, superphosphate are all evenly sprinkled on the smooth soil of one mu of needs, and the fertilizer being sprinkled into and soil are ploughed deeply, accomplish that fertile and soil evenly also ensures to plough deeply to more than 80 centimetres.Plot ridging after Jiang Quan ploughs deeply in garden, puts corrugate centered by every 6 meters, and ditch is opened 60 centimetres of the degree of depth, wide 60 centimetres, and the soil in ditch is placed on the railway carriage or compartment on both sides, will after the land readjustment on ridge, with mini-size tillage machine, soil on railway carriage or compartment be turned over carefully after playing good ditch again.
(3) plantation: select the annual diameter 0.8cm with wild Fructus actinidiae chinensis cultivating seeds thick, kiwi fruit seedling main root is more than three, main root is about 15 centimetres of above healthy and strong nursery stocks and builds garden field planting, in the center of playing good railway carriage or compartment, respectively reserve to the left and right sides the line-spacing that 140 centimetres is kiwi fruit (, line-spacing is 280 centimetres), respectively plant a line kiwi fruit seedling on line-spacing both sides.Dig 30 centimetres of diameters, dark approximately 30 centimetres of circular pit, in the middle of the hole of digging, stay a sharp type mound, point type mound about 10-15 centimetre above ground level, the main root root system of kiwi fruit is separately ridden in the middle of the interior sharp type mound in hole, the main root root system of kiwi fruit seedling is smoothed out with the fingers suitable from all directions, and make the root system stretching, extension that lets droop, around fine earth is inserted in hole, soil is built to the original bluish yellow intersection of nursery stock, the mound 10-15 centimetre above ground level having built, and the real soil that tramps with one's feet, slowly irrigate the kiwi fruit seedling that firm plantation is good with 20 jin of left and right of clear water, again soil is around built into the circular mound of 60 centimetres of diameters.By 80 centimetres of black two-sided plastic mulching controlling weeds of foursquare silver and raising insulation effect, in the middle of film, bore a hole, kiwi fruit branch is passed and paved from the centre in hole, the black of film is downward, silver color upwards, with fine earth, mould is real around, cut off the unnecessary kiwi fruit branch of approximately 2 centimeters that bassets.The kiwi fruit spacing in the rows of planting is one meter of one strain.
(4) First Year root system is cultivated and management: after the beginning of spring, kiwi fruit germinates, retaining a healthy and strong bud upwards grows, grow to 15 centimetres of left and right at kiwi fruit seedling, cut top from seedling approximately 10 centimeters, impel kiwi fruit to sprout more branches and tendrils, in the growth cycle of kiwi fruit, March, pre-preventing disease and pest used: 20 milliliters of 15 milliliters+chlopyrifos of 10 milligrams+carbendazim of agricultural streptomycin are watered 30 jin of even spraying at kiwi fruit leaf positive and negative.April, pre-preventing disease and pest used: 20 milliliters of 12 grams+High effect cypermethrins of 20 grams+Boscalid of azoles ether * Carbatene are watered 30 jin of even spraying at kiwi fruit leaf positive and negative.May, pre-preventing disease and pest used: 10 grams of 20 grams+Imidacloprids of 15 milliliters+polyoxin of copper 8-hydroxyquinolinate are watered 30 jin of even spraying at kiwi fruit leaf positive and negative.5 Baume degrees lime sulfurs of kiwi fruit fallen leaves Hou Quan garden spray in December in winter.
The double-deck flat-top frame of kiwi fruit: cement pillar is high 3 meters, sets up cement pillar every 3x4 rice, the pillar in the middle of Quan Yuanzhong can be square or rectangular and arrange or isosceles triangle.3 meters of cement pillar total lengths, imbed 65 centimetres, soil.The cement pillar of frame surrounding couples together with zinc-coated wire, and one is fastened at cement capital, and it is underground more than 80 centimetres that oblique pull is imbedded, and fixes with concrete casting.Ground floor is 165 centimeters borings from ground, between each cement pillar, be distracted into key grid with 4.0 millimeters of hot-dip galvanizing steel wires, in the middle of 30 centimetres, fasten on the mobile jib line at 4.0 millimeters and reticulate with 1.6 millimeters of hot-dip galvanizing steel wires with plastics rubber, after fastening, form ground floor flat-top frame.The second layer is 235 centimetres of eminence borings from ground, between each cement pillar, be distracted into key grid with 4.0 millimeters of hot-dip galvanizing steel wires, in the middle of 30 centimetres, fasten on the mobile jib line at 4.0 millimeters and reticulate with 1.6 millimeters of hot-dip galvanizing steel wires with plastics rubber, after fastening, form second layer flat-top frame.
(5) Second Year Grafted Variety and branches and tendrils are cultivated: grafting period: sprouting, within first about 20 days, to be advisable be that mid-February is to late March.Grafting method is mainly taked the methods such as simple bud cut-grafting, its specifically: the scion that choosing growth is enriched, marrow is less, the branch section of a bud of clip band, long 3-4 centimetre.Select the straight one side cortex of pruning, bevel long 2-3 centimetre is advisable, and the degree of depth, to expose xylem or to be slightly with xylem to be advisable, is cut the reverse side of bevel the short bevel of one 50 degree left and right.Cut anvil at stock apart from ground 10-15 centimeters, select even surface to cut a cutter downwards, bevel length is slightly longer than scion bevel, and the degree of depth is the same with scion, and stock is peeled to 1/3; Then insert scion, require scion size basic identical with stock; Notice that anvil fringe forms layer and aims at, then use plastics grafting film bundling, expose scion eye.Staminiferous plant proportioning when grafting: garden first row becomes staminiferous plant from the 3rd strain grafting, the 11st strain grafting becomes staminiferous plant, and the 19th strain grafting becomes staminiferous plant, the 27th strain grafting becomes staminiferous plant, the 35th strain grafting becomes staminiferous plant, and the 43rd strain grafting becomes staminiferous plant, and the 51st strain grafting becomes staminiferous plant, the 59th strain grafting becomes staminiferous plant, the 67th strain grafting becomes staminiferous plant, and the 75th strain grafting becomes staminiferous plant, and the 83rd strain grafting becomes staminiferous plant, the 91st strain grafting becomes staminiferous plant, and the 99th strain grafting becomes staminiferous plant.Second row becomes staminiferous plant from the 7th strain grafting, the 15th strain grafting becomes staminiferous plant, and the 23rd strain grafting becomes staminiferous plant, and the 31st strain grafting becomes staminiferous plant, the 39th strain grafting becomes staminiferous plant, the 47th strain grafting becomes staminiferous plant, and the 55th strain grafting becomes staminiferous plant, and the 63rd strain grafting becomes staminiferous plant, the 71st strain grafting becomes staminiferous plant, the 79th strain grafting becomes staminiferous plant, and the 87th strain grafting becomes staminiferous plant, and the 95th strain grafting becomes staminiferous plant.The 3rd row grafting staminiferous plant puts in order identical with first row, the 4th row's grafting staminiferous plant puts in order identical with second row, after put in order by this.
(6) management of grafting: sprouting, to be advisable for first about 20 days be that mid-February is to late March, 3-4 week after grafting, grafting bud starts to germinate, and treats that sprouting grows two young leaves and starts pre-preventing disease and pest and use: 20 milliliters of 15 milliliters+chlopyrifos of 10 milligrams+carbendazim of agricultural streptomycin are watered 30 jin of even spraying at kiwi fruit leaf bud positive and negative.Be driven underground 20 centimetres with bamboo chip or reinforcing bar, one is connected on bamboo chip fixing, each ranked first strain plastic rope and is fixed on the kiwi fruit frame second layer, the second strain is fixed on the ground floor of kiwi fruit frame, sprout and take out after the tip at grafting bud, young sprout is tied up to protect on plastic rope and fix, draw the upwards straight growth of the tender tip of kiwi fruit.Frequent intertill and clean tillage is wanted in kiwi fruit field, notes not encountering in the time of weeding buddering of just having sent.When when the kiwi fruit seedling of grafting, each is arranged the 1st plant height degree and reaches 250 centimetres, in 235 centimeters, kiwi fruit seedling is carried out to fixed pole, make kiwi fruit top sprout 2 side shoots, unnecessary side shoot is erased in time, when each is arranged the 2nd plant height degree and reaches 180 centimetres, in 165 centimeters, kiwi fruit seedling is carried out to fixed pole, make kiwi fruit top sprout 2 side shoots, unnecessary side shoot is erased in time, the 3rd strain is drawn the second layer with the 1st plant height degree, ground floor is drawn in the 4th strain, the like form the 1st plant height the 2nd strain low, cultivate into double-deck result branches and tendrils, also fully rationally save soil, the kiwi fruit seedling of the 7-8 month is taked the measure of sheltering from heat or light, avoid high light direct irradiation, the shady and cool moistening growing environment of kiwi fruit happiness, , when summer high temperature reaches 38 degrees Celsius, kiwi fruit reduces or stops growing, cause moisture under-supply and produce physiological fallen fruit phenomenon, make full use of the feature of the double-deck frame of kiwi fruit, on second layer frame, kiwi fruit branches and tendrils reach more than 80% for kiwi fruit branches and tendrils on ground floor frame provide shading rate, reduce summer high temperature soil water evaporation is reached to 30%, reduce soil ground temperature and reach 3 degrees Celsius, reach preserving soil moisture object, improve kiwi fruit garden microclimate, people is for providing Actinidia naturally to like the condition of cloudy growth, reduce the injury of summer high temperature to actinidia tree, also reduced the evaporation of high temperature to soil moisture.When kiwi fruit enters high yield period, take full advantage of the two-layer growth result space of kiwi fruit, reach the object of double-deck result, on the basis of original per mu yield, improve per mu yield and reach more than 80%, having saved soil increases benefit.Kiwi fruit garden male flower pollen amount, rationally improve Actinidia strain proportioning and reach 7:1, kiwi fruit staminiferous plant is all drawn second layer frame in full garden, staminiferous plant is Chinese character pin-shaped arrangement plantation, spacing between kiwi fruit frame ground floor and the second layer is more than 70 centimetres, in kiwi fruit flowering stage, kiwi fruit male flower pollen can be propagated and reach more than 10 square metres by faint wind-force, in conjunction with double-deck frame high altitude feature, make kiwi fruit male flower pollen can propagate farther, pollinate more even more comprehensively, reduced like this cost of artificial pollination, improve kiwi fruit fruit-setting rate.
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, in order to limit the present invention, within the spirit and principles in the present invention not all, any amendment of doing, be equal to replacement, improvement etc., within all should being included in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. the double-deck high yield spontaneous pollination of a kiwi fruit implantation methods, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
(1) grow seedlings:
A) collect seed: at the fully ripe wild Fructus actinidiae chinensis fruit of early and middle ten days collection in early September-October; Demucilage is collected kiwi fruit seed and is dried in the shade;
B) sowing: the time is to sow mid-March to early April;
(2) seedling ground is selected and is smooth: select height above sea level 600-1200 rice subalpine region, before land readjustment, fertilizer is sprinkled into and needs on smooth soil and carry out soil and plough deeply; By the plot ridging after ploughing deeply, after a good ditch, will after the land readjustment on ridge, again soil on railway carriage or compartment be turned over carefully;
(3) plantation: select the annual kiwi fruit seedling with wild Fructus actinidiae chinensis cultivating seeds to carry out field planting, the kiwi fruit spacing in the rows of planting is one meter of one strain;
(4) First Year root system is cultivated and management: after the beginning of spring, kiwi fruit germinates, and retains a healthy and strong bud and upwards grows, and grows to 15 centimetres of left and right at kiwi fruit seedling, cuts top from seedling approximately 10 centimeters, impels kiwi fruit seedling to sprout multiple branches and tendrils; Set up the double-deck flat-top frame of kiwi fruit: set up cement pillar every 3x4 rice, pillar in the middle of Quan Yuanzhong is isosceles triangle and arranges, the cement pillar of frame surrounding couples together with steel wire, and steel wire ground floor approximately 165 centimeters from ground form ground floor flat-top frame fastening; The steel wire second layer from ground 235 approximately a centimetre eminence fastening, form second layer flat-top frame; And carry out the extermination of disease and insect pest at administration period;
(5) Second Year Grafted Variety and branches and tendrils are cultivated: mid-February to late March grafting; Staminiferous plant proportioning when grafting: garden first row becomes staminiferous plant from the 3rd strain grafting, the 11st strain grafting becomes staminiferous plant, and the 19th strain grafting becomes staminiferous plant, the 27th strain grafting becomes staminiferous plant, the 35th strain grafting becomes staminiferous plant, and the 43rd strain grafting becomes staminiferous plant, and the 51st strain grafting becomes staminiferous plant, the 59th strain grafting becomes staminiferous plant, the 67th strain grafting becomes staminiferous plant, and the 75th strain grafting becomes staminiferous plant, and the 83rd strain grafting becomes staminiferous plant, the 91st strain grafting becomes staminiferous plant, and the 99th strain grafting becomes staminiferous plant.Second row becomes staminiferous plant from the 7th strain grafting, the 15th strain grafting becomes staminiferous plant, and the 23rd strain grafting becomes staminiferous plant, and the 31st strain grafting becomes staminiferous plant, the 39th strain grafting becomes staminiferous plant, the 47th strain grafting becomes staminiferous plant, and the 55th strain grafting becomes staminiferous plant, and the 63rd strain grafting becomes staminiferous plant, the 71st strain grafting becomes staminiferous plant, the 79th strain grafting becomes staminiferous plant, and the 87th strain grafting becomes staminiferous plant, and the 95th strain grafting becomes staminiferous plant; The 3rd row grafting staminiferous plant puts in order identical with first row, the 4th row's grafting staminiferous plant puts in order identical with second row, after put in order by this;
(6) management of grafting: in 3-4 week after grafting, grafting bud starts to germinate, and treats that sprouting grows two young leaves and starts pre-preventing disease and pest; Be driven underground 20 centimetres with bamboo chip or reinforcing bar, one is connected on bamboo chip fixing, each ranked first strain rope and is fixed on the kiwi fruit frame second layer, the second strain is fixed on the ground floor of kiwi fruit frame, sprout and take out after the tip at grafting bud, young sprout is tied up to protect on rope and fix, draw the upwards straight growth of the tender tip of kiwi fruit; When the kiwi fruit seedling of grafting, each is arranged the 1st plant height degree and reaches 250 centimetres, in 230 centimeters, kiwi fruit seedling is carried out to fixed pole, make kiwi fruit top sprout 2 side shoots, unnecessary side shoot is erased in time, in the time that each is arranged the 2nd plant height degree and reaches 180 centimetres, in 160 centimeters, kiwi fruit seedling is carried out to fixed pole, make kiwi fruit top sprout 2 side shoots, unnecessary side shoot is erased in time, the 3rd strain is drawn the second layer with the 1st plant height degree, ground floor is drawn in the 4th strain, the like form the 1st plant height the 2nd strain low, cultivate into double-deck result branches and tendrils.
2. the double-deck high yield spontaneous pollination of kiwi fruit according to claim 1 implantation methods, it is characterized in that: in described step (1), the collection method of seed is that fruit is extruded together with seed, pack rubbing in gauze bag into, seed is separated with pulp, then repeatedly eluriate with clear water, clean seed is placed on to indoor spreading out and dries in the shade.
3. the double-deck high yield spontaneous pollination of kiwi fruit according to claim 1 implantation methods, it is characterized in that: in described step (1), also comprise the seed Sand culture after drying in the shade: seed is used to 40-50 DEG C of emerge in worm water 2 hours, soak diel with cold water again, then husky Tibetan sowed for 50-60 days.
4. the double-deck high yield spontaneous pollination of kiwi fruit according to claim 1 and 2 implantation methods, it is characterized in that: the type of seeding of seed in described step (1): select the deep fertile railway carriage or compartment of doing of soil layer, wide 1 meter of left and right, railway carriage or compartment, suppresses seedbed a little wholely, water permeablely, seed is sowed; After planting, spread the thin river sand of the about 2-3 millimeter of thick layer, and mulching straw, on grass, after water spray, take plastics hut.
5. the double-deck high yield spontaneous pollination of kiwi fruit according to claim 1 implantation methods, it is characterized in that: in described step (2), the consumption of fertilizer is in mu, and its component and weight are 1500 kilograms of machine farmyard manures, cake fertilizer double centner, 50 kilograms of composite fertilizers, 50 kilograms of superphosphate.
6. the double-deck high yield spontaneous pollination of kiwi fruit according to claim 1 implantation methods, is characterized in that: the degree of depth that in described step (2), soil is ploughed deeply is more than 80 centimetres.
7. the double-deck high yield spontaneous pollination of kiwi fruit according to claim 1 implantation methods, it is characterized in that: the plot ridging in described step (2) is to put corrugate centered by every 6 meters, ditch is opened 60 centimetres of the degree of depth, and wide 60 centimetres, the soil in ditch is placed on the railway carriage or compartment on both sides.
8. the double-deck high yield spontaneous pollination of kiwi fruit according to claim 1 implantation methods, is characterized in that: the diameter of the kiwi fruit seedling through selecting in described step (3) is not less than 0.8 ㎝, and main root is more than three, and main root is about 15 centimetres.
9. the double-deck high yield spontaneous pollination of kiwi fruit according to claim 1 implantation methods, is characterized in that: in described step (4), administration period carries out extermination of disease and insect pest mode and is: March, pre-preventing disease and pest used: 20 milliliters of 15 milliliters+chlopyrifos of 10 milligrams+carbendazim of agricultural streptomycin are watered 30 jin of even spraying at kiwi fruit leaf positive and negative; April, pre-preventing disease and pest used: 20 milliliters of 12 grams+High effect cypermethrins of 20 grams+Boscalid of azoles ether * Carbatene are watered 30 jin of even spraying at kiwi fruit leaf positive and negative; May, pre-preventing disease and pest used: 10 grams of 20 grams+Imidacloprids of 15 milliliters+polyoxin of copper 8-hydroxyquinolinate are watered 30 jin of even spraying at kiwi fruit leaf positive and negative; 5 Baume degrees lime sulfurs of kiwi fruit fallen leaves Hou Quan garden spray in December in winter.
10. the double-deck high yield spontaneous pollination of kiwi fruit according to claim 1 implantation methods, is characterized in that: in described step (4), the cement pillar of the double-deck flat-top frame of kiwi fruit is high 3 meters, imbeds 65 centimetres, soil.
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| CN105794583A (en) * | 2016-06-07 | 2016-07-27 | 青川县宏宇猕猴桃种植专业合作社 | Method for kiwifruit plantation in high-altitude regions |
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| CN104855089A (en) * | 2015-04-29 | 2015-08-26 | 霍邱县皖翠猕猴桃种植专业合作社 | Cultivating method for actinidia chinensis seedlings |
| CN105794583A (en) * | 2016-06-07 | 2016-07-27 | 青川县宏宇猕猴桃种植专业合作社 | Method for kiwifruit plantation in high-altitude regions |
| CN105794583B (en) * | 2016-06-07 | 2018-09-21 | 青川县宏宇猕猴桃种植专业合作社 | The method that Kiwi berry is planted in high altitude localities |
| CN108617384A (en) * | 2018-05-07 | 2018-10-09 | 道真自治县嘉辉山地生态特色农业发展有限公司 | A kind of Kiwi berry implantation methods |
| CN109793002A (en) * | 2018-12-12 | 2019-05-24 | 中国计量大学 | A kind of mixed formula preparation for controlling aphids |
| CN109793001A (en) * | 2018-12-12 | 2019-05-24 | 中国计量大学 | A kind of preparation method of imidacloprid and copper quinoline mixed formulation |
| CN109819996A (en) * | 2018-12-12 | 2019-05-31 | 中国计量大学 | A kind of preparation method of imidacloprid and agricultural streptomycin mixed formulation |
| CN109845756A (en) * | 2018-12-12 | 2019-06-07 | 中国计量大学 | Application of a mixed formula preparation in the control of aphids |
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