CN104822512B - 用于制造部件的3d打印设备的结构 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于制造3D模型的设备,其包括:涂布器(1),其具有喷射口;和至少一个打印头(2),其安装于打印轴上,所述涂布器的喷射口朝向涂布方向的上方布置,所述打印头在涂布方向上在涂布器的后方以与涂布方向相反的取向布置在打印轴上。本发明还涉及一种用于制造3D模型的方法。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种逐层构造3D(三维)模型的设备和方法。
背景技术
欧洲专利说明书EP 0 431 924 B1中说明了一种用于由计算机数据制造3D模型的方法。第一材料,在这里是颗粒材料,以薄层涂覆到构建平台上,该平台根据需要可以由容器所围绕,然后,可以与第一材料形成固体的第二材料涂覆于其上。根据EP 0 431 924 B1,提供例如一种颗粒材料作为第一材料,然后,使用打印头选择性地将粘合剂材料打印至该颗粒材料上。在其上打印了粘合剂的颗粒区域结合在一起并在粘合剂以及根据需要的添加固化剂的影响下硬化。然后平台向构建圆柱降低一个层厚的距离并提供有与上述同样打印的一层新的颗粒材料。重复这些步骤直到达到了该模型的期望高度。从而从打印和固化区域制造出一个3D模型。
在完成后,由固化的颗粒材料制成的模型嵌入在松散的颗粒材料中并然后从其中移走。
其他粉末辅助的快速成型方法以类似方式工作,例如,选择性的激光烧结或电子束烧结,其中,松散颗粒材料也逐层堆积并使用受控制的物理辐射源选择性地固化。
所有这些方法在以下都统称“三维打印方法”或3D打印方法。
从WO2011/127897A2已知另一种由松散颗粒材料构造层叠体的方法。该构建过程根据“连续3D打印”原理而进行,并且是粉末加工3D打印方法的另一变形。
使用环形水平层供给,可以制造连续的部件,也称为成型件。
在连续3D打印中,部件长度几乎是不受限的。
在传统的系统中,从上到下垂直地逐层制造部件。如果部件尺寸超过特定系统预定的构建高度,则部件必须分段而以多个构建过程制造。为此,完成的部件必须从该系统连续地移除,并且彼此叠置以精确地配合并胶合。在该情况下,在大小和生产率方面制造大的部件受到限制。
在连续3D打印中,层进给是使用连续输送带沿水平方向进行。由于重力阻止层被垂直于层进给地涂覆,因此各个层在空间上以相对于垂直的一个角度涂覆。该角度被选择为使得它比相应粉末材料的安息角度小。
构建平面邻接封闭的输送线,输送线的长度适用于根据方法而不同的硬化期间。在该输送线的端部,成品部件到达移除区域或卸载区域。在此,从部件去掉未结合的粉末材料并移除部件,并且不会中断其它零件的生产。对于零件特别长的情况下,该区域例如可用轮轨扩展。
但是,用于逐层构建模型—也被称为成型部件—的公知的设备和方法具有与构造相关的缺点,这可能导致在成型部件的生产过程中的不准确或缺陷。在公知的设备和方法中,例如,在涂布操作后涂布器从涂布的面上移回。颗粒材料会可能不如期望地从涂布器离开而掉落到构建平面上(构建空间)。从而颗粒材料会停落在它所不该呆在的地方。结果,会发生由此导致的在打印头和积累的颗粒材料之间的碰撞。这会损坏打印头和构建区域,从而损坏部件。
当液体不受控制地进入构建区域时,同样是不期望的。它们会损坏构建区域并从而损坏所要制造的成型部件,并甚至导致所制造的成型部件无法使用。
因此,长期以来一直存在避免或至少减少现有技术的上述缺点的需要。
发明内容
因此,本发明的目的是提供一种设备和方法,其避免了或至少改善了现有技术的的缺点,由此,用于生产成型部件的方法可以改进的方式进行。
根据本发明的目的通过根据权利要求1的设备和根据权利要求9的方法实现。
优选的实施例在从属权利要求中实现。
尤其是,本发明涉及一种用于制造3D模型或成型部件的设备和方法,该设备的特征在于功能单元的有利的布置。尤其是,根据本发明的逐层构造使用于3D打印的倾斜床方法。
本发明的不同方面在下面更详细地示出。
在一个方面,本发明是一种用于制造3D模型的设备,其包括:涂布器(1),其具有喷射口;和至少一个打印头(2),其安装于打印轴上,所述涂布器的喷射口沿涂布方向布置于顶部,所述打印头沿涂布方向在涂布器的后方以与涂布方向反向相反的取向反向布置在打印轴上。
所有适合于实现本发明的概念的已知涂布器都可以使用。涂布器可以是任何在涂布方向的相反方向上具有水准元件的涂布器或具有相同功能的设备。这防止颗粒材料沿打印头方向滑落或掉落。可以使用推进颗粒材料以将其向上涂覆的例如辊子、刮片、浇注口等并且可防止上述颗粒材料的滑动的任何实施例。
因为打印头和涂布器以在每一操作之后立即靠近周边单元,所以在该系统的操作期间,打印头和涂布器的特殊布置是特别有利的。此外,利用这种布置,当涂布器升高时,可以再向构建区域涂覆一个新的层的颗粒材料。就本发明的意义而言,“升高”是指涂布器相对于水平方向以倾斜角度在构建区域上向上移动。这可以防止颗粒材料能够落到构建区域上。在降低时,打印头又可以对这些需要固化以生产成型部件的区域进行打印。就本发明的意义而言,“降低”是指打印头相对于水平方向以倾斜角度并且平行于构建区域沿反向于涂布方向向下移动。这避免了颗粒材料在构建区域上不希望的沉积而导致颗粒层不均匀并且打印头会碰撞这种沉积物。
此外,根据本发明的设备包括涂布器清洁单元(3)、涂布器填充单元(4)、中央颗粒材料供应单元(6)、输送带(7)、检查单元(10)、具有喷溅站的打印头清洁单元(11)、覆盖站(12)、液滴阻挡件(13)、收集料斗(14)、用于多余颗粒材料的传送线(15)、在卸装区域中的收集料斗(16)、和/或一个或多个槽道(19)。
在一个优选的实施例中,涂布器周边单元中的单元,优选涂布器清洁单元(3),涂布器填充单元(4)和中央颗粒材料供应单元(6)沿涂布方向布置于顶部,特别优选布置在构建区域的后面。
打印头周边设备中的单元,检查单元(10)、具有喷溅站的打印头清洁单元(11)和覆盖站(12)优选沿涂布方向布置于底部,特别优选在构建区域的下方。
利用根据本发明的设备,可以在构建区域的上方布置中央颗粒材料输送器以用于自动构造初始给料。
收集料斗可以进一步布置在设备(系统)的下方,用于收集多余颗粒材料。优选地,一个收集料斗布置在构建区域下方的前方,用于收集多余或掉落的颗粒材料。优选地,另一个收集料斗布置在卸装区域的下方。
优选地,收集料斗向下朝输送线清空,该输送线进一步输送颗粒材料并也布置于机器的底部。以这种方式所收集的颗粒材料随后可以重复使用。在本发明的意义上的“收集线”是任何适于在一个方向上运输以这种方式所收集的颗粒材料的装置,优选送入再循环容器。例如,可使用一台螺旋输送机。
优选地,输送线具有中央输送部,其用于清空设备前侧的收集料斗和卸装区域的收集料斗。
在另一个方面,本发明涉及一种用于生产3D模型的方法,根据本发明使用根据上述方面中的一个方面的设备。在根据本发明的一个方法中,可利用该设备构造初始给料。“初始给料”必须促进制造过程的开始,并提供由颗粒材料制成的初始表面,在该初始表面用颗粒材料进行涂层并然后用打印头进行打印。
在本发明的一个优选实施例中,涂布器涂覆薄层的颗粒材料。为此,涂布器沿线性驱动系统行进。
优选地,涂布器包括料斗,该料斗在涂布平面的附近具有间隙形开口。如此,涂布器的喷射间隙优选地指向涂布方向。在激励涂布器时,颗粒材料从该间隙露出到涂布平面上。辊式涂布器或刮刀涂布器或它们的组合适用为涂布器。在所有类型中,有利的是在沿上升的涂布平面的方向上涂覆而不是沿其它方向进行涂层涂覆,因为这样可以防止位于涂布器前的颗粒材料在涂布平面上滑过。利用根据该发明的涂布器的取向,有利地实现了非常均匀的和保持稳定的涂层。还避免了在用于涂层的材料和多余的材料之间发生不期望的和不良的相互作用。
优选安装在正交线性系统上的打印头在栅扫描过程(Rasterverfahren)中经过构建区域。在该栅扫描过程中,在产生打印头宽度的条带的方向(打印轴)和打印头偏移一个条带的宽度的方向(打印头定位轴)之间作出区别。打印头优选地沿曲折的路线向下行进。
优选地,使用适于颗粒材料的普通粘合剂。颗粒材料/粘合剂的组合是公知的,因此不必明确提及。
优选地,打印头也可以由辐射源或其他用于高能辐射供应的合适的装置替换。在该情况下,设备的其它部件作相应的调整。
另外,在本发明中,打印头优选定位在涂布方向,并且在和其正交的方向上进行打印。另外,优选地,本发明的特征在于,打印轴和涂布器在同一轴对上移动。这意味着打印头定位轴同时也是涂布器轴。然而,在另一个优选的实施例中,涂布器和打印头定位轴还可以在分开的轴对上移动。
在本发明的构建过程中,一层颗粒材料首先从底部涂覆到顶部。在栅扫描过程中,打印头以与涂布方向相反的方向从顶部移到底部经过构建区域,并涂布极微细的粘合剂液滴。可替代地,可安装与构建区域等宽的打印头,在一次通行中打印整个构建区域。然后在打印头涂布器单元移动到构建区域的下边缘的期间进行打印操作。
在所提出的设备中,在打印头的光栅扫描行进期间涂布器再一次经过构建区域,但并不进行层涂覆。在打印操作过程中,打印头在涂布器之前移动。如果有颗粒材料意外掉落,也不会干涉打印操作。根据本发明,因此有利地实现了待生产的成型部件在精度方面具有非常高的质量。在另一优选的实施例中,涂布器的喷射口沿涂布方向取向,打印轴优选位于涂布器后面。因此,打印头相反于涂布方向、即相对于倾斜的构建区域布置,涂布器相比打印轴和打印头朝向顶部布置,喷射口和打印头基本上沿相反方向取向。在根据本发明的设备布置中,打印头的周边单元、即例如检查单元(10)、打印头清洁单元(11)、覆盖站(12)和液滴阻挡件(13)被布置在该设备平面的下部区域。因此,这些部件都以操作者能够容易接触并方便使用的方式布置。
涂布器清洁单元(3)和涂布器填充单元(4)优选地布置在设备的顶部,并优选是在构建区域的前面。
这种布置还有如下优点:在每个涂布和打印的循环之后,涂布器和打印头功能单元可以被移动到周边单元以检查它们的无暇操作。这将以节省时间的方式提高待生产的成型部件的质量。设置成能够单独控制在打印操作期间涂布器或打印头移动到周边单元的频度。这可以在每一次涂布或打印操作之后进行或以较长的时间间隔进行,例如,在每一第二或第四操作之后进行。
涂布器的周边单元包括用于在构建过程中和在过程之间保持涂布器完好的所有功能。
打印头的周边单元优选为:清洁站、覆盖站、液滴阻挡件、喷溅站、滴量器和检查单元。
在清洁站中,打印头底部的喷嘴板在一个特殊的通过期间例如用旋转海绵辊从底部被主动地清洁。
覆盖站利用一个可延伸的压模关闭在打印头底部的喷嘴板,从而保护其免受污染和在建造过程之间干燥。
液滴阻挡件使用挡光板主动地检查打印头底部的喷嘴板的沉积物,例如液滴或异物,并在需要时使得打印头被清洁。
在打印头自清洁而进行内部清洁时,喷溅站收集打印头的液滴和蒸气。
滴量器提供用以模型化液滴尺寸的相应信息。
检测单元是系统中的一个特殊接触点,允许对打印头底部的检查和在纸张上打印测试结果。
所有辅助打印头的功能的周边单元安装在根据本发明的该设备—也称为系统—的前下方,从而使操作者容易接触。考虑到打印头周边装置的这种布置,流体供应装置可以有利地布置在该位置。
因此,流体系统中的损坏或在操作期间必须更换的流体被向下引导,而不能被分布到构建区域和机器驱动装置。这防止了这种类型的流体损害构建区域或污染打印头或涂布器。也因此可使用于供应流体的供应线路较短。
涂布器周边设备包括涂布器填充单元和涂布器清洁单元。该涂布器填充单元有利地布置于构建区域的上边缘上方。
在构建过程中,该涂布器携带一定量的颗粒材料。该材料量必须随时从涂布器填充单元补充颗粒材料。在构建过程中,经过一段时间后涂布器的底部或涂布器喷射间隙可能会变得很脏而使得该涂布器不再能涂布完好的涂层。同时喷射间隙可能会被污染。
因此,该设备优选包括涂布器清洁站。它使用垂直于涂布方向地经过涂布器的刷子清洁涂布器的底部并包括喷射间隙。
在涂布器的填充期间以及其清洁期间,该颗粒材料从涂布器落下。
利用根据本发明的设备,可有利地避免掉落下来的颗粒材料到达构建区域。
根据本发明,由于涂布器周边设备设置于建造区域上方,剩余的粉末落在用完的给料上并从而被安全运输走。
涂布器填充单元优选地被通过构建区域上方、后面的喷射点集中地提供颗粒材料。
通过该喷射点,可自动地构造构建过程所需的初始给料。作为根据本发明的自动构造初始给料的替代方案,将通过其它方式插入块体、斜板或手动涂覆颗粒材料,使得开始层和后续层可以以规定的角度被涂覆。
由于喷射点的中央布置,颗粒材料的运输路线较短,并能在系统外侧经过而没有问题。
通过使输送路线较短,保护了新的颗粒材料和输送系统。
在构建过程中,颗粒材料在涂布期间作为该过程的结果而积聚在构建区域的侧部和构建区域的下方,并必须被处理掉。
在一个优选实施例中,颗粒材料被收集在构建区域的侧部的槽道中,其相比构建平面处于这样一个较陡的角度,使得包含于其中的颗粒材料由于重力向下滑动。中央容器优选位于构建区域的下方,两侧的槽道向其中清空,使得剩余的颗粒材料可以被收集在那里。该容器特别优选地沿着下部构建区域的边缘设有开口,使得剩余的颗粒材料可以被收集在那里,并例如利用涂布器被运输经过构建区域而进入容器中。
中心容器,优选地利用输送线,如在系统底部的螺旋输送器或螺杆输送器而送出到系统外部。
该输送线还运输在卸装操作期间在系统后面积聚的剩余的颗粒材料。因此,输送线数量减少并确保了构建过程中的清洁性。
本发明的特别优选的一个方面是中央颗粒材料供应的组合,其连续地填充涂布器。有利的是,由此也可构造给料,从而省掉了以前必要的手动构造给料。其中,在节省时间和方法的可操作性方面具有很大的优势。
本发明的另一个有利的方面是处置系统的安装,它使得不仅可以收集落下的颗粒材料并将其返回到制造过程中,而且还可以将从卸装剩余的颗粒材料一总供应到该方法中的再循环功能。优选在设备的前侧、设备的下方和卸装区域的下方安装收集料斗,它们共用一个输送线以将要再利用的材料供给到再循环容器。以这种方式再循环的颗粒材料优选经过处理步骤以从其移除在过程中引起的污染物。此后,再次送入3D打印过程。这种结构例如在图3中示出。
本发明还涉及一种用于制造3D模型(成形体)的方法。
根据本发明的方法的一个特别的优点是,在启动时,不必用手来构造给料,而是由于该设备的特殊构造能自动启动。在此之前,需要用手来制作给料,以使得使用逐层构造的3D过程可以开始。根据本发明的设备和方法,可以克服该缺点,并从而提供了更快和更直接的方法。
具体实施方式
优选实施例示出于附图中:
图1示出连续3D打印过程的功能性原理。左侧示出了该机器的前侧,包括在其上逐层制造组件的构建区域。各个层的涂覆是以小于所处理的颗粒材料的特定安息角小的角度进行。输送带(7)向右移动给料(8)至机器的背后侧。在这里可以将成品部件移除。
图2示出了本发明的优选结构。定位打印头的轴系统(9)布置在机器的前侧的构建区域(18)的左、右侧。涂布器填充单元(4)和涂布器清洁单元(3)位于构建区域背后的顶部。从涂布器的清洁或填充操作多余的颗粒材料落在给料上而不会造成问题。
颗粒材料供应单元(14)位于涂布器填充单元背后的中央部。颗粒材料供应单元(14)可向涂布器填充单元(4)供应颗粒材料或在工作开始前自动生产所需要的初始给料。打印头周边设备位于构建区域下方的方便接触的位置。
图3示出多余颗粒材料的处置路径。从构建过程中收集多余颗粒材料并将其传送到前侧收集料斗(14)的槽道(19)位于构建区域(18)的左、右侧。输送线(15)沿机器底部延伸并将收集料斗(14)清空。输送线还在机器的背后侧从卸装区域将收集料斗(16)清空。
附图标记列表
1 涂布器
2 打印头
3 涂布器清洁单元
4 涂布器填充单元
5 成品部件
6 中央颗粒材料供应单元
7 输送带
8 给料
9 轴系统
10 检查单元
11 具有喷溅站的打印头清洁单元
12 覆盖站
13 液滴阻挡件
14 前侧收集料斗
15 废料输送线
16 卸装区域收集料斗
17 卸装区域滚道
18 构建区域
19 槽道
Claims (25)
1.一种用于制造3D模型的设备,其中,包括:
涂布器(1),其具有喷射口;和
至少一个打印头(2),其安装于打印轴上,
所述涂布器的所述喷射口沿涂布方向朝向顶部布置,
所述打印头沿涂布方向在所述涂布器的后方以与所述涂布方向向相反的取向反向布置在所述打印轴上,其中在所述涂布方向的涂布行程期间,所述涂布器相对于水平方向以倾斜角度在构建区域上向上移动,
其中所述涂布器在所述涂布方向相反的方向上具有水准元件。
2.根据权利要求1所述的设备,还包括涂布器清洁单元(3)、涂布器填充单元(4)、中央颗粒材料供应单元(6)、输送带(7)、检查单元(10)、具有喷溅站的打印头清洁单元(11)、覆盖站(12)、液滴阻挡件(13)、收集料斗(14)、废料输送线(15)、卸装区域中的收集料斗(16)和/或一个或多个槽道(19)。
3.根据权利要求2所述的设备,其中,涂布器周边单元中的单元沿所述涂布方向朝向顶部布置。
4.根据权利要求3所述的设备,其中,所述涂布器周边单元中的所述单元布置在构建区域的后面。
5.根据权利要求3所述的设备,其中,所述涂布器周边单元中的所述单元包括涂布器清洁单元(3)、涂布器填充单元(4)和中央颗粒材料供应单元(6)。
6.根据权利要求4所述的设备,其中,所述涂布器周边单元中的所述单元包括涂布器清洁单元(3)、涂布器填充单元(4)和中央颗粒材料供应单元(6)。
7.根据权利要求2所述的设备,其中,打印头周边设备的单元沿所述涂布方向朝底部布置。
8.根据权利要求7所述的设备,其中,所述打印头周边设备的所述单元布置在构建区域的下方。
9.根据权利要求7所述的设备,其中,所述打印头周边设备的所述单元包括检查单元(10)、具有喷溅站的打印头清洁单元(11)以及覆盖站(12)。
10.根据权利要求8所述的设备,其中,所述打印头周边设备的所述单元包括检查单元(10)、具有喷溅站的打印头清洁单元(11)以及覆盖站(12)。
11.根据权利要求3-6中任一项所述的设备,其中,打印头周边设备的单元沿所述涂布方向朝底部布置。
12.根据权利要求11所述的设备,其中,所述打印头周边设备的所述单元布置在构建区域的下方。
13.根据权利要求11所述的设备,其中,所述打印头周边设备的所述单元包括检查单元(10)、具有喷溅站的打印头清洁单元(11)以及覆盖站(12)。
14.根据权利要求12所述的设备,其中,所述打印头周边设备的所述单元包括检查单元(10)、具有喷溅站的打印头清洁单元(11)以及覆盖站(12)。
15.根据权利要求4、8或12所述的设备,其中,中央颗粒材料输送器布置在构造区域的上方,用以自动构造初始给料。
16.根据权利要求4、8或12所述的设备,其中,所述收集料斗布置在所述构建区域的下方、前面用以收集多余的颗粒材料。
17.根据权利要求15所述的设备,其中,所述收集料斗布置在所述构建区域的下方、前面用以收集多余的颗粒材料。
18.根据权利要求11所述的设备,其中,在设备的底部上布置有用于多余的颗粒材料的输送线。
19.根据权利要求15所述的设备,其中,在设备的底部上布置有用于多余的颗粒材料的输送线。
20.根据权利要求16所述的设备,其中,在设备的底部上布置有用于多余的颗粒材料的输送线。
21.根据权利要求2-10、12-14或17中任一项所述的设备,其中,在设备的底部上布置有用于多余的颗粒材料的输送线。
22.根据权利要求18-20中任一项所述的设备,其中,所述输送线具有中央输送部分,用以清空前侧的收集料斗和在卸装区域的收集料斗。
23.根据权利要求21所述的设备,其中,所述输送线具有中央输送部分,用以清空前侧的收集料斗和在卸装区域的收集料斗。
24.一种用于制造3D模型的方法,其中,使用根据权利要求1至23中任一项所述的设备。
25.根据权利要求24所述的方法,其中,使用根据权利要求1至23中任一项所述的设备构造初始给料。
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2012
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2013
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EP2922687A1 (de) | 2015-09-30 |
US11130290B2 (en) | 2021-09-28 |
KR102021416B1 (ko) | 2019-09-16 |
US10213831B2 (en) | 2019-02-26 |
US20150290881A1 (en) | 2015-10-15 |
DE102012022859A1 (de) | 2014-05-28 |
CN104822512A (zh) | 2015-08-05 |
KR20150087231A (ko) | 2015-07-29 |
WO2014079404A1 (de) | 2014-05-30 |
EP2922687B1 (de) | 2021-03-03 |
US20190111486A1 (en) | 2019-04-18 |
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