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CN103739029A - Solar concentrating distillation seawater desalination device - Google Patents

Solar concentrating distillation seawater desalination device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103739029A
CN103739029A CN201310743982.9A CN201310743982A CN103739029A CN 103739029 A CN103739029 A CN 103739029A CN 201310743982 A CN201310743982 A CN 201310743982A CN 103739029 A CN103739029 A CN 103739029A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
side plate
plate
chamber
base plate
board
Prior art date
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Granted
Application number
CN201310743982.9A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN103739029B (en
Inventor
苗超
谢春刚
李炎
冯厚军
张铭
张令品
刘艳辉
张晓晨
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Tianjin Institute of Seawater Desalination and Multipurpose Utilization SOA
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Tianjin Institute of Seawater Desalination and Multipurpose Utilization SOA
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Priority to CN201310743982.9A priority Critical patent/CN103739029B/en
Publication of CN103739029A publication Critical patent/CN103739029A/en
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Publication of CN103739029B publication Critical patent/CN103739029B/en
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/124—Water desalination
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/124—Water desalination
    • Y02A20/138—Water desalination using renewable energy
    • Y02A20/142—Solar thermal; Photovoltaics
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
    • Y02A20/208—Off-grid powered water treatment
    • Y02A20/212—Solar-powered wastewater sewage treatment, e.g. spray evaporation

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  • Heat Treatment Of Water, Waste Water Or Sewage (AREA)
  • Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a solar concentrating distillation seawater desalination device comprising a light-transmitting plate, a side plate and a base plate, wherein a heat storage chamber top plate and a heat storage chamber base plate are arranged on the inner surface of the side plate, and a heat storage material is arranged between the heat storage chamber top plate and the heat storage chamber base plate; an evaporation chamber is arranged above the heat storage chamber top plate; a condensation chamber is arranged below the heat storage chamber base plate; a baffle plate is arranged in the condensation chamber; a fresh water outlet is formed in the lower part of the side plate; an upper opening of a non-condensable gas pipeline is formed in the evaporation chamber, and a lower opening of the non-condensable gas pipeline is positioned in the condensation chamber; an air draft fan is arranged at the upper part of the evaporation chamber and is positioned in an opening of a steam pipeline, and the other opening of the steam pipeline is positioned in the condensation chamber; a seawater inlet and a strong brine outlet are formed in the side plate; the lower end of a solar concentrating plate is connected with the top of the side plate; a rainwater collecting opening is formed in the bottom of the solar concentrating plate; a solar cell panel is connected with a charging controller, a storage battery and the air draft fan respectively through a lead. The solar concentrating distillation seawater desalination device is high in solar thermal utilization efficiency and long in water production time, and can realize stable water production by completely depending on solar energy.

Description

A kind of Salar light-gathering formula distillation seawater desalinating device
Technical field
The invention belongs to desalination with Solar Energy field, relate to a kind of Salar light-gathering formula distillation seawater desalinating device.
Technical background
The situation is tense for China's shortage of water resources.Along with the development of population growth and economic society, shortage of water resources has become current social problem demanding prompt solution, such as in desert, the remote Area Inhabitants water such as island, emergent fresh water, the wildlife picked-up fresh water etc. of supplementing of field work.Sea water desaltination is to utilize sea water desalinization to produce a kind of method of fresh water, conventional method for desalting seawater has distillation method, reverse osmosis method etc., these method energy consumptions are higher, and these power supplies from far-off regions are conventionally also more difficult, but solar energy resources is abundant, therefore utilize sun power to carry out seawater or brackish water desalination is the important channel that solves these regional shortage of fresh water problems.
Tradition solar still is applied because the unfavorable factors such as unit surface water production rate is low have limited it, main because heat transfer free convection pattern has limited the raising of distiller thermal characteristics greatly; The latent heat of condensation of steam is not utilized, but is lost in outside atmosphere and has been gone by cover plate; The too large restriction operating temperature of seawater thermal capacitance to be evaporated improves, thereby has weakened the motivating force of evaporation.
Chinese patent CN101955239A application discloses a kind of " solar energy sea water desalination apparatus ", this invention comprises evaporation tank and cooling cylinder, cooling cylinder is imbedded underground, in evaporation tank, being provided with extraction pipe supplies gas to cooling cylinder, making evaporation tank air pressure reduce cooling cylinder air pressure raises, evaporation tank air pressure reduces seawater boiling point lowering and is conducive to accelerate evaporation of seawater, and cooling cylinder air pressure raises and is conducive to the rapid coagulation of steam.This invention is to have utilized the boiling point of water to be subject to barometric pressure effect, the principle that boiling point reduces with the reduction of pressure.This invention requires strict to resistance to air loss of device, higher to the performance requriements of vacuum fan, is discharged in air and is not utilized in addition with the non-condensable gas of heat.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome prior art and have the deficiency that heat transfer efficiency is low, vaporator rate is slow, fresh water yield is low, a kind of Salar light-gathering formula solar distilling seawater desalinating device is provided.
Technical scheme of the present invention is summarized as follows:
A kind of Salar light-gathering formula distillation seawater desalinating device, comprise the light-passing board 2 that is ridge, side plate 16 and base plate 11, middle part and middle and lower part at side plate internal surface are provided with respectively heat accumulation chamber top board 15 and heat accumulation chamber base plate 12, between heat accumulation chamber top board and heat accumulation chamber base plate, be provided with heat accumulating 8, space on the top board of heat accumulation chamber is evaporator room 1, space below the base plate of heat accumulation chamber is condensing chamber 9, traverse baffle 10 is arranged in condensing chamber, the upper end of traverse baffle is fixedly connected with the lower surface of heat accumulation chamber base plate, the bottom that is positioned at the side plate of condensing chamber is provided with water outlet 7, non-condensable gas pipeline 6 tops are run through and are arranged on the side plate top that is positioned at evaporator room, and the upper port that makes non-condensable gas pipeline is arranged on the bottom of evaporator room, the top of the water outlet that is arranged on the side plate that is positioned at condensing chamber is run through in non-condensable gas pipeline lower end, induced draught fan 18 is arranged on the top of evaporator room and is positioned at one end port of steam-pipe 17, the other end of steam-pipe runs through the top that the side plate that is positioned at condensing chamber is set, on the side plate of evaporator room, be respectively arranged with seawater entrance 13 and strong brine outlet 14 being positioned at, the lower end of solar energy condensation board 22 is connected with the top movable of side plate, in solar energy condensation board bottom, be provided with rainwater-collecting mouth 23, solar panel 19 by wire successively with charge controller 20, store battery 21 is connected with induced draught fan 18.
The hollow structure that light-passing board 2 is made by Double-layered transparent material, the material of described light-passing board is glass, polycarbonate, polyvinyl chloride or polymethylmethacrylate.
Heat accumulating be paraffin, palmitinic acid, tetradecanoic acid, lauric acid or 2 ?Qiang Ji ?octadecanoic acid methyl esters.
Evaporator room inside is provided with heat-sink shell 3, the preferred black cotton strap of heat-sink shell, black sponge or active carbon fibre vinylon and cotton blend.
The shape of solar energy condensation board 22 is parabolic shape.
The preferred polishing aluminium sheet of material or the mirror face stainless steel plate of solar energy condensation board.
Solar energy condensation board can also comprise substrate, is provided with polishing aluminium sheet, high reflective aluminum film or mirror face stainless steel plate on substrate.
At the side plate outside surface that is positioned at evaporator room, be preferably enclosed with lagging material, lagging material is rock wool, styrofoam plastics, spongy rubber or foamed polyurethane plastics.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: heat transfer efficiency of the present invention is high, vaporator rate is fast and fresh water yield improves relatively, do not need the external world that power is provided, rely on that sun power can be realized continuously, steady running completely.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is a kind of Salar light-gathering formula of the present invention distillation seawater desalinating device structural representation.
The device of the present invention that Fig. 2 is is used view.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is further illustrated.
A kind of Salar light-gathering formula distillation seawater desalinating device, comprise the light-passing board 2 that is ridge, side plate 16 and base plate 11, middle part and middle and lower part at side plate internal surface are provided with respectively heat accumulation chamber top board 15 and heat accumulation chamber base plate 12, between heat accumulation chamber top board and heat accumulation chamber base plate, be provided with heat accumulating 8, space on the top board of heat accumulation chamber is evaporator room 1, space below the base plate of heat accumulation chamber is condensing chamber 9, traverse baffle 10 is arranged in condensing chamber, the upper end of traverse baffle is fixedly connected with the lower surface of heat accumulation chamber base plate, the bottom that is positioned at the side plate of condensing chamber is provided with water outlet 7, non-condensable gas pipeline 6 tops are run through and are arranged on the side plate top that is positioned at evaporator room, and the upper port that makes non-condensable gas pipeline is arranged on the bottom of evaporator room, the top of the water outlet that is arranged on the side plate that is positioned at condensing chamber is run through in non-condensable gas pipeline lower end, induced draught fan 18 is arranged on the top of evaporator room and is positioned at one end port of steam-pipe 17, the other end of steam-pipe runs through the top that the side plate be positioned at condensing chamber is set, and is respectively arranged with seawater entrance 13 and strong brine outlet 14 being positioned on the side plate of evaporator room, the lower end of solar energy condensation board 22 is connected with the top movable of side plate, according to the variation seasonal adjustment angle of declination, in solar energy condensation board bottom, be provided with rainwater-collecting mouth 23, solar panel 19 is connected with charge controller 20, store battery 21 and induced draught fan 18 successively by wire, sees Fig. 1.
The hollow structure that light-passing board 2 is made by Double-layered transparent material, the material of described light-passing board is glass, polycarbonate, polyvinyl chloride or polymethylmethacrylate.
Heat accumulating be paraffin, palmitinic acid, tetradecanoic acid, lauric acid or 2 ?Qiang Ji ?octadecanoic acid methyl esters.
Evaporator room inside is provided with heat-sink shell 3, the preferred black cotton strap of heat-sink shell, black sponge or active carbon fibre vinylon and cotton blend.
The shape of solar energy condensation board 22 is parabolic shape.
The preferred polishing aluminium sheet of material or the mirror face stainless steel plate of solar energy condensation board.
Solar energy condensation board can also comprise substrate, is provided with polishing aluminium sheet, high reflective aluminum film or mirror face stainless steel plate on substrate.
At the side plate outside surface that is positioned at evaporator room, be preferably enclosed with lagging material, lagging material is rock wool, styrofoam plastics, spongy rubber or foamed polyurethane plastics.
The side plate outside that is positioned at condensing chamber can apply one deck solar reflection coating.
The metallic substance manufactures such as the non-metallic material of side plate employing seawater corrosion resistance or stainless steel, copper, titanium form.
Heat accumulation chamber base plate, heat accumulation chamber top board and base plate adopt the thin plate materials such as stainless steel, copper, titanium, and thermal conductivity is high to be convenient to the absorption of vapor condenses latent heat and to be conducive to vapor condenses.
Base plate can also slightly be obliquely installed to the direction of water outlet 7, is conducive to fresh water collecting.
Use device of the present invention to the process of sea water desaltination to be:
Evaporator room 1 from from seawater entrance 13 to device of the present invention, pass into seawater 4, open charge controller 20 19 pairs of store batteries 21 of solar panel are charged, be communicated with store battery and induced draught fan 18 simultaneously, drive induced draught fan to rotate; Sunlight direct projection and solar energy condensation board 22 secondary reflections are in light-passing board arrives evaporator room 1, raw material seawater absorbs sun power in evaporator room, or infiltrate heat-sink shell and by heat-sink shell, absorb sun power seawater is evaporated, the steam generating imports condensing chamber 9 by induced draught fan 18 by steam-pipe 17, through more than 10 baffling of traverse baffle, make steam become fresh water in condensing chamber condensation, fresh water is discharged by water outlet 7; Vapor condenses latent heat is conducted heat and is recycled to heat accumulating 8 by heat accumulation chamber base plate 12, and noncondensing gas does not come back to evaporator room by non-condensable gas pipeline 6, to seawater bubbling, reclaims the heat that non-condensable gas carries; When there is fluctuation or post sunset and not have sun power to utilize in Changes in weather sun power, the heat that heat accumulating stores can make seawater continue evaporation, utilize the electric energy of battery stores to drive induced draught fan to continue steam to import condensing chamber condensation, extend the evaporative condenser working hour, the strong brine producing after evaporation of seawater is concentrated, from strong brine outlet 14, discharge, see Fig. 2.
With respect to traditional solar still, steam enters condensation in condensing chamber by induced draught fan, and in evaporator room, mathematical models speed is accelerated, and strengthening convective heat exchange, has accelerated evaporation of seawater and Condensation, and thermo-efficiency greatly improves; Non-condensable gas comes back to evaporator room to seawater bubbling by non-condensable gas pipeline, and heat that non-condensable gas is with is passed to seawater, improves solar thermal utilization rate; Arranging of heat-sink shell on the one hand increases thermal absorptivity, and meanwhile, porous surface has been expanded actual evaporation area, and seawater forms water membrane on heat-sink shell surface, and the little quick heating of thermal capacitance has increased the phase driving force of evaporation of seawater; Solar energy condensation board increases heat-collecting capacity, and the double device for collecting rain water of doing of solar energy condensation board, can collect fresh water in the rainy day, and in the severe weathers such as hail, typhoon or transportation, solar energy condensation board can close up and packs up in addition, plays the effect of protection light-passing board; The latent heat of condensation of steam is conducted heat to heat accumulating by heat accumulation chamber base plate, at Changes in weather solar radiation strength decreased or at candlelight utilizes the heat be stored in heat accumulating to heat seawater, make seawater continue evaporation, the electric energy of battery stores drives induced draught fan to continue steam to import condensing chamber condensation, extends the evaporative condenser working hour.
The above; be only preferably embodiment of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to this, in the technical scope that any those of ordinary skill in the art disclose in the present invention; the variation that can expect easily or replacement, within all should being encompassed in the protection domain of this aspect.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be as the criterion with the protection domain of claim.

Claims (7)

1. a Salar light-gathering formula distillation seawater desalinating device, comprise the light-passing board (2) that is ridge, side plate (16) and base plate (11), it is characterized in that being provided with respectively heat accumulation chamber top board (15) and heat accumulation chamber base plate (12) in middle part and the middle and lower part of side plate internal surface, between heat accumulation chamber top board and heat accumulation chamber base plate, be provided with heat accumulating (8), space on the top board of heat accumulation chamber is evaporator room (1), space below the base plate of heat accumulation chamber is condensing chamber (9), traverse baffle (10) is arranged in condensing chamber, the upper end of traverse baffle is fixedly connected with the lower surface of heat accumulation chamber base plate, the bottom that is positioned at the side plate of condensing chamber is provided with water outlet (7), non-condensable gas pipeline (6) top is run through and is arranged on the side plate top that is positioned at evaporator room, and the upper port that makes non-condensable gas pipeline is arranged on the bottom of evaporator room, the top of the water outlet that is arranged on the side plate that is positioned at condensing chamber is run through in non-condensable gas pipeline lower end, induced draught fan (18) is arranged on the top of evaporator room and is positioned at one end port of steam-pipe (17), the other end of steam-pipe runs through the top that the side plate that is positioned at condensing chamber is set, on the side plate of evaporator room, be respectively arranged with seawater entrance (13) and strong brine outlet (14) being positioned at, the lower end of solar energy condensation board (22) is connected with the top movable of side plate, in solar energy condensation board bottom, be provided with rainwater-collecting mouth (23), solar panel (19) by wire successively with charge controller (20), store battery (21) is connected with induced draught fan (18).
2. a kind of Salar light-gathering formula distillation seawater desalinating device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the hollow structure that described light-passing board is made by Double-layered transparent material, the material of described light-passing board is glass, polycarbonate, polyvinyl chloride or polymethylmethacrylate.
3. a kind of Salar light-gathering formula distillation seawater desalinating device according to claim 1, is characterized in that described evaporator room inside is provided with heat-sink shell (3), and described heat-sink shell is black cotton strap, black sponge or active carbon fibre vinylon and cotton blend.
4. a kind of Salar light-gathering formula distillation seawater desalinating device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described heat accumulating be paraffin, palmitinic acid, tetradecanoic acid, lauric acid or 2 ?Qiang Ji ?octadecanoic acid methyl esters.
5. a kind of Salar light-gathering formula distillation seawater desalinating device according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the shape of described solar energy condensation board is parabolic shape.
6. a kind of Salar light-gathering formula distillation seawater desalinating device according to claim 1 or 5, the material that it is characterized in that described solar energy condensation board is polishing aluminium sheet or mirror face stainless steel plate.
7. a kind of Salar light-gathering formula distillation seawater desalinating device according to claim 1 or 5, is characterized in that described solar energy condensation board comprises substrate, is provided with polishing aluminium sheet, high reflective aluminum film or mirror face stainless steel plate on substrate.
CN201310743982.9A 2013-12-24 2013-12-24 Solar concentrating distillation seawater desalination device Expired - Fee Related CN103739029B (en)

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CN103964525A (en) * 2014-04-29 2014-08-06 北京理工大学 Sea-level floating type solar energy desalting kit
CN104761015A (en) * 2015-03-27 2015-07-08 李倩 Ultrasonic assisted solar seawater desalination device based on thermal coupling technology
CN105174339A (en) * 2015-09-22 2015-12-23 北京理工大学 Forward-condensing multiple-effect back-heating array type humidification and dehumidification solar-powered seawater desalination device
CN105174338A (en) * 2015-09-22 2015-12-23 北京理工大学 Condensation heating and multi-effect backheating matrix type air humidification and dehumidification type solar seawater desalination device
CN105601018A (en) * 2016-03-15 2016-05-25 绍兴文理学院 Flat plate-type fresh water guarantee ship for seawater desalination
CN106495266A (en) * 2016-12-08 2017-03-15 黎明职业大学 A kind of solar energy desalinator
CN106542598A (en) * 2017-01-23 2017-03-29 北京大学 A kind of solar energy sea water desalination apparatus
CN108423733A (en) * 2018-04-13 2018-08-21 天津城建大学 Humidify dehumidification type staged solar energy salt water desalination apparatus
CN108658158A (en) * 2018-05-17 2018-10-16 哈尔滨工业大学 A kind of desalination plant of the condensation of inner cavity cavity wall and latent heat utilization coupling
CN109607648A (en) * 2018-12-19 2019-04-12 宁波瑞凌新能源科技有限公司 A kind of radiation refrigeration formula desalination plant
CN110054245A (en) * 2019-05-10 2019-07-26 中国石油大学(华东) A kind of energy-efficient desalination plant using solar energy
CN111533198A (en) * 2020-05-11 2020-08-14 浙江浙能技术研究院有限公司 Stepped distiller and method for solar photo-thermal evaporation seawater desalination
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CN112678908A (en) * 2020-12-16 2021-04-20 四川大学 Solar floating type seawater desalination device
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103964525A (en) * 2014-04-29 2014-08-06 北京理工大学 Sea-level floating type solar energy desalting kit
CN104761015A (en) * 2015-03-27 2015-07-08 李倩 Ultrasonic assisted solar seawater desalination device based on thermal coupling technology
CN105174339A (en) * 2015-09-22 2015-12-23 北京理工大学 Forward-condensing multiple-effect back-heating array type humidification and dehumidification solar-powered seawater desalination device
CN105174338A (en) * 2015-09-22 2015-12-23 北京理工大学 Condensation heating and multi-effect backheating matrix type air humidification and dehumidification type solar seawater desalination device
CN105174338B (en) * 2015-09-22 2017-07-14 北京理工大学 Optically focused heats multiple-effect backheat matrix form air wetting dehumidification type solar energy sea water desalination apparatus
CN105601018A (en) * 2016-03-15 2016-05-25 绍兴文理学院 Flat plate-type fresh water guarantee ship for seawater desalination
CN106495266A (en) * 2016-12-08 2017-03-15 黎明职业大学 A kind of solar energy desalinator
CN106495266B (en) * 2016-12-08 2023-04-14 黎明职业大学 A solar desalination device
CN106542598A (en) * 2017-01-23 2017-03-29 北京大学 A kind of solar energy sea water desalination apparatus
CN106542598B (en) * 2017-01-23 2024-02-09 北京大学 Solar sea water desalting device
CN108423733A (en) * 2018-04-13 2018-08-21 天津城建大学 Humidify dehumidification type staged solar energy salt water desalination apparatus
CN108658158B (en) * 2018-05-17 2020-04-21 哈尔滨工业大学 A seawater desalination device with coupling of inner cavity wall condensation and latent heat utilization
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