CN102285701B - Method for preparing freshwater by applying solar seawater desalination plant arranged on sea - Google Patents
Method for preparing freshwater by applying solar seawater desalination plant arranged on sea Download PDFInfo
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- CN102285701B CN102285701B CN2011101640355A CN201110164035A CN102285701B CN 102285701 B CN102285701 B CN 102285701B CN 2011101640355 A CN2011101640355 A CN 2011101640355A CN 201110164035 A CN201110164035 A CN 201110164035A CN 102285701 B CN102285701 B CN 102285701B
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- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 114
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 claims description 43
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 claims description 43
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010257 thawing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000013022 venting Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 206010008190 Cerebrovascular accident Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000006011 Stroke Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000002860 competitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007799 cork Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011033 desalting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000502 dialysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001223 reverse osmosis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
- Y02A20/138—Water desalination using renewable energy
- Y02A20/141—Wind power
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
- Y02A20/138—Water desalination using renewable energy
- Y02A20/142—Solar thermal; Photovoltaics
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
- Y02A20/208—Off-grid powered water treatment
- Y02A20/212—Solar-powered wastewater sewage treatment, e.g. spray evaporation
Landscapes
- Heat Treatment Of Water, Waste Water Or Sewage (AREA)
- Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for preparing freshwater by applying a solar seawater desalination plant arranged on the sea. The method is characterized in that a lower pool, an upper pool and a light-transmitting shed are successively arranged in a ship body; the upper pool is provided with an air inlet mechanism and a venting mechanism; the freshwater is prepared by using a natural freezing method in the ship body in winter, and simultaneously, the seawater which is not frozen is distilled by using the air inlet mechanism and the venting mechanism so as to obtain the freshwater; and in other seasons, the freshwater is prepared by distilling the seawater with solar energy. The method has the beneficial effects that the seawater desalination plant in the invention floats in the seawater, and land resource is not occupied; the freshwater yield of the plant is higher than that of a device for distilling the seawater only by virtue of solar radiation in winter; the actions of the seawater desalination plant in the invention rely on natural force without a power plant, electric power consumption and manpower; and because the seawater desalination plant can float on the sea, thus the seawater desalination plant can freely select a high-quality seawater region to anchor for desalinating the seawater.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the sea water desaltination field, especially relate to a kind of method of utilizing natural energy resources to desalinize seawater.
Background technology
Sea water desaltination is the problem that people pay close attention to always.The method that seawater is desalinated is a lot, but conventional method like multistage distillation method, ion exchange method, dialysis, reverse osmosis membrane and cold method etc., all will consume a large amount of fuel or electric power.Because Greenhouse effect, the atmospheric pollution of the earth are serious day by day, therefore, seek to carry out sea water desaltination with sun power, receive people's attention.
Disc type solar energy distillation device desalination technology has many advantages: but at first be independent operating; Do not receive condition restriction such as steam, electric power; Pollution-free, operating safety is reliable and stable, does not consume conventional artificial energy source, and there is very big using value in energy scarcity, the high area of environmental requirement; But next is the industrial scale organic assembling, and flexibility is good, invests less relatively.
But its weak point is to occupy a large amount of land resourceses, secondly is to get into winter, a little less than the intensity of solar radiation, causes fresh water yield low.If can improve the problems referred to above, desalination with Solar Energy possesses the competitive power in water supply market more.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the deficiency of above-mentioned prior art; The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of like this solar energy sea water desalination apparatus and method of use thereof: the first, it does not take land resources, utilizes wide sea to settle sea water distiling plant; Second; Get into winter, can utilize nature cold icing method that desalinizes seawater in device to produce fresh water, to improve the fresh water aquifer yield in winter.
Device of the present invention is achieved in that it comprises the hull that can in water, float, and sets gradually lower storage reservoir, upper storage reservoir, printing opacity canopy in the hull; At the bottom of the upper storage reservoir pond, establish a drainage hole and be communicated with lower storage reservoir; Upper storage reservoir top is provided with the distillation tank, and the distillation tank is communicated with lower storage reservoir through the distillation water channel;
Described printing opacity canopy is provided with ventilation opening and canopy lid, and the canopy lid can move and the enclosed ventilation mouth, and upper storage reservoir is isolated from the outside; Be provided with the floating plate that can in water, float in the described lower storage reservoir, be provided with a plurality of wet cloth group in the floating plate, when floating plate floated in water, the prosopyle of water from floating plate got into floating plate, made wet cloth group at least a portion under water; Be provided with pulley and stay cord in the pulley groove of floating plate bottom and lower storage reservoir, an end of stay cord is fixed in the pulley groove of lower storage reservoir, and the other end links to each other with the canopy lid, and when floating plate floated in water, through pulley, the pulling stay cord moved and the enclosed ventilation mouth canopy lid;
Be provided with occluding mechanism in the described upper storage reservoir, occluding mechanism comprises spring, kickboard, stay cord, the stopper that links to each other successively, and an end of its medi-spring is fixed on upper storage reservoir, and the other end is pressed on the kickboard; Stopper is blocked drainage hole by deadweight, when kickboard overcomes spring force upwards, and through stay cord, pull-up stopper disengaging drainage hole;
Described upper storage reservoir is provided with admission gear and air-releasing mechanism, described admission gear comprise painted black standpipe, contain the pipe and can rotate and seal the shrouding of standpipe of facining the wind of wind rudder; One end of standpipe puts in lower storage reservoir, and the other end is equipped with and contains managing down with the wind and stretching out outside the printing opacity canopy of wind rudder; Described air-releasing mechanism comprises extraction pipe, radiator element, wind eaves, distillation water pipe and can rotate and seal the shrouding of extraction pipe; One end of extraction pipe puts in lower storage reservoir, and the other end is communicated with radiator element and stretches out outside the printing opacity canopy, and first radiator element wherein and wind eaves are provided with the distillation ditch, and the distillation ditch connects the distillation water pipe that is positioned at upper storage reservoir top; Air-flow gets into from the pipe that facings the wind of admission gear, through lower storage reservoir, flows out from the gap between the radiator element of air-releasing mechanism;
Be provided with the ventpipe that is fixed on admission gear's standpipe in the described upper storage reservoir, an end of ventpipe is higher than the distillation tank, and the other end is higher than at the bottom of the upper storage reservoir pond;
Use said apparatus and make the step of fresh water:
First step: be lower than the time below 0 ℃ closing on temperature, remove the canopy lid, and in upper storage reservoir, add seawater; Be lower than the time below 0 ℃ at temperature, the seawater in the upper storage reservoir freezes in freezing air; When ice is tied certain thickness, expand because ice body is long-pending, promote kickboard and overcome spring force upwards, stopper is pulled up, and the seawater that does not freeze flows into lower storage reservoir from drainage hole;
Floating plate floats in the seawater that lower storage reservoir does not freeze, and it canopy lid is moved and the enclosed ventilation mouth, so that upper storage reservoir is isolated from the outside through pulley pulling stay cord;
Sunlight sees through the printing opacity canopy, and the air in the heating canopy is in order to melt ice; Because the warm air in the hot pressing effect, canopy flows into the ice sheet bottom through ventpipe, also in order to melt ice; Salty frozen water in the ice releases from the ice crystal gap gradually, flows into lower storage reservoir through drainage hole; Afterwards, ice sheet melts gradually, and kickboard is descended by the compressing of spring gradually, and stopper also descends thereupon; When ice sheet is thinned to a certain degree through thawing, and the salinity of the salty frozen water of discharging is less than after 1 ‰, and stopper leans on to conduct oneself with dignity blocks drainage hole fully, and the ice in the upper storage reservoir continues to melt, and turns to fresh water;
On the other hand, sunlight heats facing the wind pipe, the standpipe of black, and extraneous air-flow enters into lower storage reservoir after facing the wind pipe and standpipe are heated, the water evaporates that the wet cloth on the floating plate in the lower storage reservoir is rolled into a ball; Because extraneous air flow stream is crossed the wind eaves; Flow velocity is accelerated; Pressure reduces; The water vapour that evaporates in the lower storage reservoir is sucked rising through exhaust tube; The fin of a part of water vapour wherein under the wind eaves flows out; Another part water vapour contact heat spreader is caught a cold, and condenses into water droplet and falls into the distillation ditch, drops in the upper storage reservoir through the distillation water pipe;
Ice in upper storage reservoir all turns to fresh water;
Second step: take out the fresh water in the upper storage reservoir; Concentrated seawater in the lower storage reservoir is also taken out, and clean lower storage reservoir with seawater; The drainage hole of prosopyle in the floating plate and upper storage reservoir is blocked; And sealing standpipe and extraction pipe, get into solar distilling seawater operation:
In upper storage reservoir, add seawater, close canopy lid, sunlight sees through the printing opacity canopy, and the seawater in the heating upper storage reservoir makes evaporation of seawater, and its water vapor rises, and on the printing opacity canopy, meets coldly, condenses into water droplet, drops down along the inclined-plane of canopy, falls into the distillation tank, flows into lower storage reservoir through the distillation water channel; When the seawater of upper storage reservoir is concentrated to a certain degree, take out concentrated seawater, also take out the zero(ppm) water in the lower storage reservoir; In upper storage reservoir, add seawater again, again distillation;
In 1 year, first step carries out in the winter time, carries out the solar distilling seawater operation in second step all the other seasons.
The present invention's characteristics and beneficial effect compared with prior art is:
One, sea water distiling plant of the present invention can float across the sea, does not take land resources.
Two, because apparatus of the present invention can use icing method to produce fresh water in the winter time, its fresh water aquifer yield in the winter time is higher than the device of existing simple dependence solar radiation distillation seawater.This be because ice heat of fusion be 334.4KJ/kg, only be water vaporization heat (water is 2257.2 KJ/kg in the time of 100 ℃) 1/7, so institute's energy requirement of cold method desalting process itself is more much lower than distillation method.
Three, the action in apparatus of the present invention is covered closure etc. such as the son of drawing the cork with canopy, all relies on natural force, does not need PWR PLT, and consumes electric power does not need manpower yet.
Four, the present invention advantage in seawater zone: A that can freely select to berth makes fresh water in high-quality seawater zone.B freezes in cold area, becomes fresh water yet move to warm regional ice-melt.C is as the equipment of carrying fresh water.
Description of drawings
Below in conjunction with figure and embodiment the present invention is further specified.
Fig. 1 is the inner three-dimensional views of apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the C partial enlarged view among Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is the three-dimensional view after apparatus of the present invention are loaded onto printing opacity canopy 4.
Printing opacity canopy among Fig. 4 Fig. 3 is covered canopy and is covered the synoptic diagram after 42.
Fig. 5 is the A-A sectional view among Fig. 3.
Fig. 6 is the user mode reference drawing of Fig. 5.
Fig. 7 is the B partial enlarged view among Fig. 6.
Fig. 8 is the schematic perspective view of floating plate.
Embodiment
(seeing Fig. 5 and Fig. 6) device of the present invention mainly comprises the hull 1 that can in water, float, and sets gradually lower storage reservoir 2, upper storage reservoir 3, printing opacity canopy 4 in the hull; At the bottom of the upper storage reservoir pond, establish a drainage hole 31 and be communicated with lower storage reservoir; Upper storage reservoir top is provided with distillation tank 32, and the distillation tank is communicated with lower storage reservoir through distillation water channel 33; An anchor ring 11 is fixed in the hull bottom, and anchor ring can connection cable 12 and anchor (not scheming), can make hull be docked in a certain marine site like this, particularly can be docked in the zone of high-quality seawater.
Be provided with occluding mechanism in the upper storage reservoir 3, occluding mechanism comprises spring 34, kickboard 35, stay cord 36, the stopper 37 that links to each other successively, and an end of its medi-spring is fixed on upper storage reservoir, and the other end is pressed on the kickboard; Stopper is blocked drainage hole by deadweight, and when kickboard overcame spring force and makes progress, through soft stay cord, the pull-up stopper broke away from drainage hole;
Printing opacity canopy 4 is provided with ventilation opening 41 and canopy lid 42 (seeing Fig. 3 and Fig. 4), and the canopy lid can move and the enclosed ventilation mouth, and upper storage reservoir is isolated from the outside;
Being provided with the floating plate 21 that can in water, float in the lower storage reservoir 2 (sees Fig. 5-Fig. 8), is provided with a plurality of wet cloth group 22 in the floating plate.The purpose that floating plate and wet cloth group is set is: because gas velocity, evaporation area and temperature are depended in the evaporation of moisture.(floating plate can adopt thermal insulation material preferably in the water isolation in water base this pond, up and down in the floating plate; Wherein only a prosopyle 23 connects with water in the lower storage reservoir); From the managing 53 warm airs that get into standpipe 51 down with the wind and only need heat the water on the floating plate of painted black, have and utilize the temperature that improves this sub-fraction water; The kapillary of the single in the wet cloth group can be transported to the shallow water on the floating plate surface of wet cloth group, and the surface-area of many wet cloth groups is greater than the area of plane of floating plate in the floating plate, and Here it is has increased evaporation area.(after guaranteeing that floating plate carries wet cloth group, still can float in the water, can be employed on the floating plate the fixedly method of floating drum, perhaps adopt buoyancy material floating plate preferably).When floating plate floated in water, the prosopyle 23 of water from floating plate got into floating plate, makes wet cloth roll into a ball at least a portion and soaks in water; Be provided with pulley 25 and stay cord 26 in the pulley groove 24 of floating plate 21 bottoms and lower storage reservoir, an end of stay cord 26 is fixed in the pulley groove 24 of lower storage reservoir, and the other end links to each other with canopy lid 42; When floating plate floats in water; Through pulley 25, pulling stay cord 26 moves and enclosed ventilation mouth 41 canopy lid 42;
Upper storage reservoir 3 is provided with admission gear and air-releasing mechanism, described admission gear comprise painted black standpipe 51, contain wind rudder 52 manage 53 and can rotate and seal the shrouding 54 of standpipe down with the wind.Its apoplexy rudder 52 can make rotary facing the wind the mouth of pipe all the time facing the wind to.One end of standpipe puts in lower storage reservoir 2, the other end be equipped with contain the wind rudder manage 53 and stretch out printing opacity canopy outer 4 down with the wind; Described air-releasing mechanism comprises extraction pipe 71, radiator element 72, wind eaves 73, distillation water pipe 74 and can rotate and seal the shrouding 75 of extraction pipe; One end of extraction pipe puts in lower storage reservoir; The other end is communicated with radiator element and stretches out outside the printing opacity canopy; First radiator element, 76 (see figure 7)s wherein and wind eaves 73 are provided with distillation ditch 77, and the distillation ditch connects the distillation water pipe 74 that is positioned at upper storage reservoir top; Air-flow gets into from the pipe that facings the wind of admission gear, through lower storage reservoir, flows out from the gap between the radiator element of air-releasing mechanism;
Be provided with ventpipe 61 (see figure 6)s that are fixed on admission gear's standpipe in the upper storage reservoir, an end of ventpipe is higher than distillation tank 32, and the other end is higher than at the bottom of upper storage reservoir 3 ponds;
Use said apparatus and make the step of fresh water:
First step: be lower than the time below 0 ℃ closing on temperature, remove canopy lid 42, expose ventilation opening 41, and in upper storage reservoir 3, add seawater (using the water pump operation usually), the lower plane of the height of seawater to kickboard 35 (see figure 5) that is as the criterion.Be lower than the time below 0 ℃ at temperature, the seawater in the upper storage reservoir freezes in freezing air, and (when freezing, the salt in the seawater can be discharged from outside ice crystal.But still have some salts to have little time to discharge the ice sheet that freezes rapidly, when these some salts need that ice sheet begins to melt afterwards, at first discharge ice sheet with the water that melts the slit between ice crystal).When ice is tied certain thickness, expand because ice body is long-pending, promote kickboard 35, overcome spring force upwards, through soft stay cord 36, stopper 37 is pulled up, and the seawater that does not freeze flows into lower storage reservoir 2 (see figure 6)s from drainage hole 31;
Floating plate 21 floats in the seawater that lower storage reservoir 2 does not freeze, and it canopy lid 42 is moved and enclosed ventilation mouth 41, so that upper storage reservoir 3 is isolated from the outside through pulley 25 pulling stay cords 26;
(see figure 6) sunlight sees through printing opacity canopy 4, and the air in the heating printing opacity canopy is in order to melt ice; Because the warm air in the hot pressing effect, canopy flows into the ice sheet bottom through ventpipe 61, also in order to melt ice; Salty frozen water in the ice releases from the ice crystal gap gradually, flows into lower storage reservoir 2 through drainage hole 31; Afterwards, ice sheet melts gradually, and kickboard 35 is descended by the compressing of spring 34 gradually, and stopper 37 also descends thereupon;
When ice sheet is thinned to a certain degree through thawing; The salinity of the salty frozen water of particularly discharging when the time comes is less than after 1 ‰ (the saliferous standards of fresh water); Stopper is blocked drainage hole fully by deadweight, and (this operating mode can be confirmed through the length of adjustment stay cord 36; After the salty frozen water salinity of discharging is less than 1 ‰, guarantee that the length of stay cord 36 can let stopper block drainage hole 31.The length of stay cord can keep permanent use after once confirming) ice in the upper storage reservoir continues to melt, and turns to fresh water;
On the other hand, sunlight heating black manage 53 down with the wind, standpipe 51, extraneous air-flow enters into lower storage reservoir after facing the wind pipe and standpipe are heated, make wet cloth on the floating plate 21 in the lower storage reservoir roll into a ball 22 water evaporates; Because extraneous air flow stream is crossed wind eaves 73; Flow velocity is accelerated; Based on the bernoulli principle; Pressure reduces; The water vapour of evaporation is sucked rising through exhaust tube 71 in the lower storage reservoir 2, and the fin 72 of a part of water vapour wherein under the wind eaves flows out (see figure 7), and another part water vapour contact heat spreader is caught a cold; Condense into water droplet and fall into distillation ditch 77, drop in the upper storage reservoir 3 through distillation water pipe 74;
Ice in upper storage reservoir all turns to fresh water;
Second step: take out the fresh water in the upper storage reservoir 3; Concentrated seawater in the lower storage reservoir 2 is also taken out, pump into the seawater flushing lower storage reservoir afterwards one time, remain in down the salinity on the pool wall with dilution.Pump the seawater of this flushing then; The drainage hole 31 of prosopyle in the floating plate 21 23 and upper storage reservoir is blocked; And the rotation shrouding, sealing standpipe 51 and extraction pipe 71 get into solar distilling seawater operation:
In upper storage reservoir 3, add seawater, close canopy lid 42, sunlight sees through printing opacity canopy 4; (in fact upper storage reservoir becomes a traditional solar energy sea water distiller to seawater in the heating upper storage reservoir; The upper storage reservoir pool wall can be established thermal insulation layer insulation, and surperficial blacking is beneficial to heat absorption) make evaporation of seawater, water vapor rises; Because printing opacity canopy heat absorption itself is few, temperature is lower than warm water in the pond, and water vapor is met cold on printing opacity canopy 4; Condense into water droplet; Inclined-plane along the printing opacity canopy drops down, and falls into distillation tank 32, and (floating plate 21 floats in the zero(ppm) water of lower storage reservoir to flow into lower storage reservoir 2 through distillation water channel 33; Because prosopyle 23 is plugged, wet cloth is rolled into a ball 22 and is no longer contacted with zero(ppm) water).Though the zero(ppm) water in the lower storage reservoir can be sneaked into seawater salinity residual in the lower storage reservoir, as long as this salinity does not surpass the salinity standard of fresh water.
When the seawater of upper storage reservoir is concentrated to a certain degree, take out concentrated seawater, also take out the zero(ppm) water in the lower storage reservoir; In upper storage reservoir, add seawater again, again distillation;
In 1 year, first step carries out in the winter time, carries out the solar distilling seawater operation in second step all the other seasons.
Claims (1)
1. the method that the afloat solar energy sea water desalination apparatus of application setting is made fresh water is characterized in that it comprises the hull that can in water, float, and sets gradually lower storage reservoir, upper storage reservoir, printing opacity canopy in the hull; At the bottom of the upper storage reservoir pond, establish a drainage hole and be communicated with lower storage reservoir; Upper storage reservoir top is provided with the distillation tank, and the distillation tank is communicated with lower storage reservoir through the distillation water channel;
Described printing opacity canopy is provided with ventilation opening and printing opacity canopy lid, and printing opacity canopy lid can move and the enclosed ventilation mouth, and upper storage reservoir is isolated from the outside; Be provided with the floating plate that can in water, float in the described lower storage reservoir, be provided with a plurality of wet cloth group in the floating plate, when floating plate floated in water, the prosopyle of water from floating plate got into floating plate, made wet cloth group at least a portion under water; Be provided with pulley and stay cord in the pulley groove of floating plate bottom and lower storage reservoir, an end of stay cord is fixed in the pulley groove of lower storage reservoir, and the other end links to each other with printing opacity canopy lid, and when floating plate floated in water, through pulley, the pulling stay cord moved and the enclosed ventilation mouth printing opacity canopy lid;
Be provided with occluding mechanism in the described upper storage reservoir, occluding mechanism comprises spring, kickboard, stay cord, the stopper that links to each other successively, and an end of its medi-spring is fixed on upper storage reservoir, and the other end is pressed on the kickboard; Stopper is blocked drainage hole by deadweight, when kickboard overcomes spring force upwards, and through stay cord, pull-up stopper disengaging drainage hole;
Described upper storage reservoir is provided with admission gear and air-releasing mechanism, described admission gear comprise painted black standpipe, contain the pipe and can rotate and seal the shrouding of standpipe of facining the wind of wind rudder; One end of standpipe puts in lower storage reservoir, and the other end is equipped with and contains managing down with the wind and stretching out outside the printing opacity canopy of wind rudder; Described air-releasing mechanism comprises extraction pipe, radiator element, wind eaves, distillation water pipe and can rotate and seal the shrouding of extraction pipe; One end of extraction pipe puts in lower storage reservoir, and the other end is communicated with radiator element and stretches out outside the printing opacity canopy, and first radiator element wherein and wind eaves are provided with the distillation ditch, and the distillation ditch connects the distillation water pipe that is positioned at upper storage reservoir top; Air-flow gets into from the pipe that facings the wind of admission gear, through lower storage reservoir, flows out from the gap between the radiator element of air-releasing mechanism;
Be provided with the ventpipe that is fixed on admission gear's standpipe in the described upper storage reservoir, an end of ventpipe is higher than the distillation tank, and the other end is higher than at the bottom of the upper storage reservoir pond;
Use said apparatus and make the step of fresh water:
First step: be lower than the time below 0 ℃ closing on temperature, remove printing opacity canopy lid, and in upper storage reservoir, add seawater; Be lower than the time below 0 ℃ at temperature, the seawater in the upper storage reservoir freezes in freezing air; When ice is tied certain thickness, expand because ice body is long-pending, promote kickboard and overcome spring force upwards, stopper is pulled up, and the seawater that does not freeze flows into lower storage reservoir from drainage hole;
Floating plate floats in the seawater that lower storage reservoir does not freeze, and it printing opacity canopy lid is moved and the enclosed ventilation mouth, so that upper storage reservoir is isolated from the outside through pulley pulling stay cord;
Sunlight sees through the printing opacity canopy, and the air in the heating printing opacity canopy is in order to melt ice; Because the warm air in the hot pressing effect, printing opacity canopy flows into the ice sheet bottom through ventpipe, also in order to melt ice; Salty frozen water in the ice releases from the ice crystal gap gradually, flows into lower storage reservoir through drainage hole; Afterwards, ice sheet melts gradually, and kickboard is descended by the compressing of spring gradually, and stopper also descends thereupon; When ice sheet is thinned to a certain degree through thawing, and the salinity of the salty frozen water of discharging is less than after 1 ‰, and stopper leans on to conduct oneself with dignity blocks drainage hole fully, and the ice in the upper storage reservoir continues to melt, and turns to fresh water;
On the other hand, sunlight heats facing the wind pipe, the standpipe of black, and extraneous air-flow enters into lower storage reservoir after facing the wind pipe and standpipe are heated, the water evaporates that the wet cloth on the floating plate in the lower storage reservoir is rolled into a ball; Because air flow stream is crossed the wind eaves; Flow velocity is accelerated; Pressure reduces; The water vapour that evaporates in the lower storage reservoir is sucked rising through exhaust tube; The fin of a part of water vapour wherein under the wind eaves flows out; Another part water vapour contact heat spreader is caught a cold, and condenses into water droplet and falls into the distillation ditch, drops in the upper storage reservoir through the distillation water pipe;
Ice in upper storage reservoir all turns to fresh water;
Second step: take out the fresh water in the upper storage reservoir; Concentrated seawater in the lower storage reservoir is also taken out, and clean lower storage reservoir with seawater; The drainage hole of prosopyle in the floating plate and upper storage reservoir is blocked; And sealing standpipe and extraction pipe, get into solar distilling seawater operation:
In upper storage reservoir, add seawater, close printing opacity canopy lid, sunlight sees through the printing opacity canopy, the seawater in the heating upper storage reservoir; Make evaporation of seawater, its water vapor rises, and chance is cold on the printing opacity canopy, condenses into water droplet; Inclined-plane along the printing opacity canopy drops down, and falls into the distillation tank, flows into lower storage reservoir through the distillation water channel; When the seawater of upper storage reservoir is concentrated to a certain degree, take out concentrated seawater, also take out the zero(ppm) water in the lower storage reservoir; In upper storage reservoir, add seawater again, again distillation;
In 1 year, first step carries out in the winter time, carries out the solar distilling seawater operation in second step all the other seasons.
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Cited By (1)
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| CN103739029A (en) * | 2013-12-24 | 2014-04-23 | 国家海洋局天津海水淡化与综合利用研究所 | Solar concentrating distillation seawater desalination device |
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| CN103382039A (en) * | 2012-05-06 | 2013-11-06 | 厦门锐思达机电科技有限公司 | Emergency seawater desalination device |
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