CN102674490B - Self-sufficient water supply disc type solar sea water desalting device - Google Patents
Self-sufficient water supply disc type solar sea water desalting device Download PDFInfo
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- CN102674490B CN102674490B CN2012101416049A CN201210141604A CN102674490B CN 102674490 B CN102674490 B CN 102674490B CN 2012101416049 A CN2012101416049 A CN 2012101416049A CN 201210141604 A CN201210141604 A CN 201210141604A CN 102674490 B CN102674490 B CN 102674490B
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- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 238000011033 desalting Methods 0.000 title 1
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
- Y02A20/138—Water desalination using renewable energy
- Y02A20/142—Solar thermal; Photovoltaics
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
- Y02A20/208—Off-grid powered water treatment
- Y02A20/212—Solar-powered wastewater sewage treatment, e.g. spray evaporation
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- Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Water, Waste Water Or Sewage (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种自给补水盘式太阳能海水淡化装置，装置本体由透明采光罩、垫板、蒸馏器外壳、淡水收集瓶、保护带、凹型浮板、补水管、吸热板、泡沫板、保温材料和蒸馏器内衬构成。本发明中太阳辐射穿透过透明采光罩被吸热板吸收后，然后用于加热其上方的薄海水层，使海水受热蒸发，产生的水蒸气在透明玻璃面上受冷凝结为淡水。在海水受热蒸发的同时，外界海水会通过补水管和补水孔向蒸馏室内进行补水，以保证蒸馏室内的水位恒定，蒸馏室中的海水在浓度差作用下通过补水管和补水孔向外界海水进行盐度的扩散，以降低自身的盐度。本发明不需要任何常规能源、装置结构简单、不用人工看管，特别适合在孤岛海边、航海的船舶上使用。
The invention discloses a self-sufficient water-supplementing disc solar seawater desalination device. The device body consists of a transparent daylighting cover, a backing plate, a distiller shell, a fresh water collection bottle, a protective belt, a concave floating plate, a water supply pipe, a heat-absorbing plate, a foam plate, Insulation material and retort lining. In the present invention, after the solar radiation passes through the transparent daylight cover and is absorbed by the heat-absorbing plate, it is then used to heat the thin seawater layer above it, so that the seawater is heated and evaporated, and the generated water vapor is condensed into fresh water by condensation on the transparent glass surface. While the seawater is heated and evaporated, the external seawater will replenish water to the distillation chamber through the water replenishment pipe and the water replenishment hole to ensure that the water level in the distillation chamber is constant. Diffusion of salinity to reduce its own salinity. The invention does not need any conventional energy, has a simple device structure and does not require manual supervision, and is especially suitable for use on isolated island seasides and sailing ships.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the desalination with Solar Energy field, relate in particular to a kind of self-supporting moisturizing disc type solar energy sea water desalinating plant.
Background technology
Ocean covers 71% of earth surface-area, and the seawater reserves are about 13.7 hundred million cubes of kms, account for 95% of global total Water; Land fresh water reserves are about 0.35 hundred million cube of km, account for 2.53% of global water reserves, and the fresh water that wherein can directly utilize for the mankind only accounts for 0.266% of fresh water reserves, 7/100000ths of the total moisture storage capacity of the not enough earth.China's seashore line length, all there are serious shortage of fresh water problem in a lot of island, coastal and brackish water area, inland.Therefore, the development desalination technology to alleviating current shortage of fresh water, the imbalance between supply and demand distinct issues have far-reaching strategic importance.
Sea water desaltination is exactly that the salinity in seawater (or brackish water) is separated with moisture, finally obtains the process of fresh water and concentrated salt solution.Seawater (or brackish water) is desalinated the most frequently used technology and is mainly contained multiple-effect distillation, multistage flash evaporation method, reverse osmosis method, extraction process and electroosmose process.
Multiple-effect distillation is that the heating of seawater distillation is produced to steam, and steam produces fresh water and emits latent heat in the process of condensation, and fresh water flows into fresh-water pool, and latent heat, for heating next seawater of imitating and producing steam, carries out the multiple-effect utilization according to this, reduces heat energy consumption.This process, except consuming heat energy, also needs additionally to consume certain driven by power water pump and blower fan.
The multistage flash evaporation method is that the seawater that is heated to certain temperature is introduced to the flashing chamber that several pressure reduce gradually successively, due to the pressure of the flashing chamber saturated vapour pressure corresponding lower than seawater temperature, seawater is vaporized rapidly after entering step by step flashing chamber, salt concentration increases step by step, and temperature reduces step by step, due to the decline of heat from the salt water self-temperature, there is no special hot face, avoid inorganic salt to separate out fouling, until discharge, after vapor condensations at different levels, obtained fresh water.This process, except consuming heat energy, also needs to consume a large amount of driven by power vacuum pumps and water pump.
Reverse osmosis method is to utilize reverse osmosis membrane that seawater and fresh water are separated, and in the seawater side, applies enough large pressure (surpassing penetration of sea water presses), and the water molecules reverse osmosis in seawater is arrived to dilute side.This method does not consume heat energy, but need to consume a large amount of electric power, produces enough large external pressure, very high to the requirement of reverse osmosis membrane in addition yet.
Electroosmose process be take potential difference as power, and the selectivity of utilizing ion-exchange membrane sees through and removes the desalination process of water intermediate ion.Electrodeionization combines dialysis with ion-exchange, in the freshwater room of electrodialyzer, fill ion-exchanger, under the effect of DC electric field, realizes electrodialysis, ion-exchange demineralization and the ion-exchange process of electricity regeneration continuously.Electrodeionization is not used in brackish water desalination, mainly for the production of high purity water.This method does not consume heat energy, but needs to introduce electric power.
Cold method be by seawater freezing to below freezing, fresh water freezes, separates, melts is the process of fresh water.Cold method is utilized natural ice method and artificial cold method.But technology is still immature.
Traditional desalination technology investment is high, and energy expenditure is large, according to statistics, produces the device of 1,300 ten thousand tons of desalination waters every day, annual 1.3 hundred million tons of the consumption crude oil that need.Remove outside the expense of this fuel, the problems such as the Greenhouse effect that bring thus, atmospheric pollution also can not be ignored.With regard to China, on the boats and ships of marine isolated island and navigation, not setting up traditional sea water desalinating plant.Solar seawater desalination fresh water technology is the effective way that solves these particular locality shortage of fresh waters, emergency survival problem, has a extensive future.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome the deficiency of existing desalination with Solar Energy, a kind of self-supporting moisturizing disc type solar energy sea water desalinating plant is provided, the present invention is without fossil energy consumption, without auxiliary electrical equipment, keep an eye on without the people.
The objective of the invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions: a kind of self-supporting moisturizing disc type solar energy sea water desalinating plant, it comprises: transparent dome skylight, backing plate, distiller shell, fresh water collecting bottle, boundary belt, matrix kickboard, filling pipe, absorber plate, cystose, lagging material and distiller liner etc.; Wherein, described distiller shell is placed in the groove of matrix kickboard, and the outer wall of matrix kickboard is fixed some boundary belts; The lower surface edge side of matrix kickboard connects weight by some ropes respectively; The distiller liner is placed in the distiller shell, and is fixedly connected with the distiller shell by backing plate, on the inwall of distiller liner, is coated with refletorized paint, fill insulant material between distiller liner and distiller shell; Absorber plate is placed in the distiller liner, has some water seepage holes on absorber plate, and the upper surface of absorber plate is coated with coating for selective absorption, and the edge side of absorber plate is fixed some cystoses; The bottom of transparent dome skylight is fixed on backing plate, and, by the glass cement sealing, the enclosed space that transparent dome skylight and distiller liner surround is stilling chamber; The inwall of distiller liner is fixed some fresh water collecting grooves, and each fresh water collecting groove connects a fresh water collecting bottle by the fresh water water shoot, and all fresh water collecting bottles all are fixed on the matrix kickboard; There is some moisturizings hole on the base plate of distiller liner, be fixedly connected with a filling pipe on each moisturizing hole, the other end of all filling pipes passes lagging material, distiller shell and matrix kickboard successively, and wraps filtering net, and filling pipe and distiller shell intersection are by sealant sealing.
Further, described transparent dome skylight is comprised of support, sealed strip and some blocks of transparent glasses, and described transparent glass seals and sticks on support by sealed strip, and the angle of transparent glass and horizontal plane equals local latitude.
Further, on described absorber plate, scribble coating for selective absorption, the diameter of the water seepage hole on absorber plate is about 0.2-0.8 mm; The spacing of cystose and distiller liner inwall surrounding is about 5-50mm; The internal diameter of filling pipe is about 6～50 mm.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following technique effect:
1, the present invention does not consume any conventional energy resources fully, has superior especially practical significance on island.
2, the present invention need not manually keep an eye on fully, and water distilling apparatus can self-supporting moisturizing; And the water distilling apparatus maritime interior waters is keeping lower salinity always, there do not is the problem of fouling corrosion fully.
3, the heat absorption thermal source in the present invention concentrates on the above sea water layer zone of absorber plate, the evaporation of seawater mode is thin film evaporation, the seawater thermal capacity of thin film layer is little, required heat source temperature is low, evaporate required heat also less simultaneously, therefore evaporate toggle speed fast, limited solar energy acquisition in the time fresh water yield higher.
4, in the present invention, the sea water layer regional temperature gradient below absorber plate is large, near sea water layer temperature in distiller substrate surface approaches extraneous seawater temperature, when extraneous seawater carries out moisturizing to water distilling apparatus or the seawater in water distilling apparatus with extraneous seawater generation convection current diffusion the time, the heat that water distilling apparatus is taken away from inside to outside is few.
5, in the present invention, the water distilling apparatus material is common, simple to operate, and seal request is not high, installs, unpicks and washes, changes conveniently.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the main TV structure figure of self-supporting moisturizing disc type solar energy sea water desalinating plant;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of transparent dome skylight of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of absorber plate of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is distiller liner bottom surface structure schematic diagram of the present invention;
In figure: stilling chamber 1, transparent dome skylight 2, glass cement 3, backing plate 4, distiller shell 5, fresh water water shoot 6, fresh water collecting bottle 7, boundary belt 8, rope 9, weight 10, matrix kickboard 11, seal gum 12, filling pipe 13, filtering net 14, refletorized paint 15, fresh water collecting groove 16, coating for selective absorption 17, cystose 18, absorber plate 19, lagging material 20, distiller liner 21, sealed strip 22, support 23, water seepage hole 24, moisturizing hole 25, transparent glass 26.
Embodiment
As shown in Fig. 1,3 and 4, the self-supporting moisturizing disc type solar energy of the present invention sea water desalinating plant body comprises: transparent dome skylight 2, backing plate 4, distiller shell 5, fresh water collecting bottle 7, boundary belt 8, matrix kickboard 11, filling pipe 13, absorber plate 19, cystose 18, lagging material 20 and distiller liner 21; Wherein, distiller shell 5 is placed in the groove of matrix kickboard 11, and the outer wall of matrix kickboard 11 is fixed some boundary belts 8; The lower surface edge side of matrix kickboard 11 connects weight 10 by some ropes 9 respectively; Distiller liner 21 is placed in distiller shell 5, and is fixedly connected with distiller shell 5 by backing plate 4, is coated with refletorized paint 15, fill insulant material 20 between distiller liner 21 and distiller shell 5 on the inwall of distiller liner 21.Absorber plate 19 is placed in distiller liner 21, has some water seepage holes 24 on absorber plate 19, and the upper surface of absorber plate 19 is coated with coating for selective absorption 17, and the edge side of absorber plate 19 is fixed some cystoses 18.The bottom of transparent dome skylight 2 is fixed on backing plate 4, and, by glass cement 3 sealings, the enclosed space that transparent dome skylight 2 and distiller liner 21 surround is stilling chamber 1.The inwall of distiller liner 21 is fixed some fresh water collecting grooves 16, and each fresh water collecting groove 16 connects a fresh water collecting bottle 7 by fresh water water shoot 6, and all fresh water collecting bottles 7 all are fixed on matrix kickboard 11.There is some moisturizings hole 25 on the base plate of distiller liner 21, be fixedly connected with a filling pipe 13 on each moisturizing hole 25, the other end of all filling pipes 13 is successively through after lagging material 20, distiller shell 5 and matrix kickboard 11, wrap filtering net 14, filling pipe 13 is sealed by seal gum 12 with distiller shell 5 intersections.
As shown in Figure 2, transparent dome skylight 2 is comprised of support 23 and some blocks of transparent glasses 26, and transparent glass 26 sticks on support 23 by sealed strip 22 sealings.
As shown in Figure 3,4, the diameter of the water seepage hole on absorber plate 19 is 0.2-0.8 mm.Cystose 18 is 5-50mm with the spacing of distiller liner 21 inwall surroundings.The internal diameter of filling pipe 13 is 6～50 mm.
Working process of the present invention is as follows: the self-supporting moisturizing disc type solar energy of the present invention sea water desalinating plant is swum near sea isolated island.Utilize the liquid level difference of stilling chamber 1 outside and the inside seawater, seawater can enter in stilling chamber 1 by filling pipe 13, moisturizing hole 25, until the inside and outside water level balance of stilling chamber 1 passes through to hang the weight 10 of Different Weight in the lower surface edge side of matrix kickboard, can regulate the water level in stilling chamber 1.At the fixing cystose 18 of different thickness of absorber plate edge side, can regulate the submergence of absorber plate 19 in stilling chamber 1 maritime interior waters.Seawater in stilling chamber 1 can form thin water layer at absorber plate 19 upper surfaces by the water seepage hole 23 on absorber plate 19.Solar radiation penetrates that transparent glass 26 is rear to be absorbed by absorber plate 19, then, for heating the thin water layer of absorber plate 19 upper surfaces, makes seawater be subject to thermal evaporation, and the water vapour of generation is caught a cold and is condensed into fresh water on transparent glass 26.Fresh water flows in fresh water collecting bottle 7 by fresh water water shoot 6 after fresh water collecting groove 16 is collected.When seawater is subject to thermal evaporation, extraneous seawater can carry out moisturizing in stilling chamber 1, constant to guarantee the water level in stilling chamber 1.Seawater in stilling chamber 1 carries out the diffusion of salinity by filling pipe 13 and moisturizing hole 25 under the concentration difference effect to extraneous seawater, to reduce the salinity of self.
embodiment 1:
It is long that the distiller liner is of a size of 1 m() * 1 m(is wide) * 0.3 m(is high), the spacing of cystose and distiller liner surrounding wall is 10 mm, 30 apertures that aperture is 1 mm have been opened equably on absorber plate, regulating sea water advanced in stilling chamber is 10 cm, the sea water layer thickness of regulating the absorber plate top is 5 mm, regulating sea water advanced in stilling chamber is 80 mm, on absorber plate, the specific absorption of coating for selective absorption is 0.9, emittance is 0.3, on distiller liner surrounding wall, the reflectivity of refletorized paint is 0.8, 5 apertures that aperture is 2.5 mm have been seen equably on substrate surface in distiller, the aperture of filling pipe is 15 mm, the salinity of seawater is 3.5%, late April has been carried out a large amount of experimental studies under the fine day condition of East China, experimental result shows that water yield per day is 2.5-4.5 kg/m
2, the sea water salinity in water distilling apparatus remains at below 3.9%.
embodiment 2:
It is long that the distiller liner is of a size of 1 m() * 1 m(is wide) * 0.3 m(is high), the spacing of cystose and distiller liner surrounding wall is 10 mm, 30 apertures that aperture is 1 mm have been opened equably on absorber plate, regulating sea water advanced in stilling chamber is 10 cm, the sea water layer thickness of regulating the absorber plate top is 5 mm, regulating sea water advanced in stilling chamber is 80 mm, on absorber plate, the specific absorption of coating for selective absorption is 0.9, emittance is 0.3, on distiller liner surrounding wall, the reflectivity of refletorized paint is 0.8, 9 apertures that aperture is 2.5 mm have been seen equably on substrate surface in distiller, the aperture of filling pipe is 15 mm, the salinity of seawater is 3.5%.Late April has been carried out a large amount of experimental studies under the fine day condition of East China, and experimental result shows that water yield per day is 2.0-3.8 kg/m
2, the sea water salinity in water distilling apparatus remains at below 3.7%.
embodiment 3:
It is long that the distiller liner is of a size of 1 m() * 1 m(is wide) * 0.3 m(is high), the spacing of cystose and distiller liner surrounding wall is 10 mm, 30 apertures that aperture is 1 mm have been opened equably on absorber plate, regulating sea water advanced in stilling chamber is 15 cm, the sea water layer thickness of regulating the absorber plate top is 5 mm, regulating sea water advanced in stilling chamber is 80 mm, on absorber plate, the specific absorption of coating for selective absorption is 0.9, emittance is 0.3, on distiller liner surrounding wall, the reflectivity of refletorized paint is 0.8, 9 apertures that aperture is 2.5 mm have been seen equably on substrate surface in distiller, the aperture of filling pipe is 15 mm, the salinity of seawater is 3.5%.Late April has been carried out a large amount of experimental studies under the fine day condition of East China, and experimental result shows that water yield per day is 2.8-4.8 kg/m
2, the sea water salinity in water distilling apparatus remains at below 3.7%.
Above-described embodiment is used for the present invention that explains, rather than limits the invention, and in the protection domain of spirit of the present invention and claim, any modification and change that the present invention is made, all fall into protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
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| CN2012101416049A CN102674490B (en) | 2012-05-09 | 2012-05-09 | Self-sufficient water supply disc type solar sea water desalting device |
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| CN2012101416049A CN102674490B (en) | 2012-05-09 | 2012-05-09 | Self-sufficient water supply disc type solar sea water desalting device |
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| CN102674490B true CN102674490B (en) | 2013-11-13 |
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| SU1139937A1 (en) * | 1981-12-31 | 1985-02-15 | Институт Истории Им.Ш.Батырова | Floating helico-desalting kit |
| DE3501396A1 (en) * | 1985-01-17 | 1986-07-17 | Bruno 4156 Willich Linke | Desalination plant based on sunlight |
| US6001222A (en) * | 1998-03-11 | 1999-12-14 | Klein; Samuel H. | Solar heating and evaporation plant |
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| JP2010099628A (en) * | 2008-10-27 | 2010-05-06 | Gracemarie World Corp | Seawater desalination system by vaporization(natural) using concentrating solar heat energy or the like and power generation system |
| CN102060340B (en) * | 2009-11-12 | 2013-02-06 | 华东理工大学 | An automatic solar membrane distillation seawater desalination device |
| CN101746839A (en) * | 2009-12-15 | 2010-06-23 | 李新贵 | Environment-friendly energy-saving seawater desalination and sewage purification device |
| CN202671244U (en) * | 2012-05-09 | 2013-01-16 | 浙江大学 | Disk type solar seawater desalting plant with self water feeding and replenishing functions |
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2012
- 2012-05-09 CN CN2012101416049A patent/CN102674490B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SU1139937A1 (en) * | 1981-12-31 | 1985-02-15 | Институт Истории Им.Ш.Батырова | Floating helico-desalting kit |
| DE3501396A1 (en) * | 1985-01-17 | 1986-07-17 | Bruno 4156 Willich Linke | Desalination plant based on sunlight |
| US6001222A (en) * | 1998-03-11 | 1999-12-14 | Klein; Samuel H. | Solar heating and evaporation plant |
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| CN102674490A (en) | 2012-09-19 |
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