CN106495266B - A solar desalination device - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a solar seawater desalinator, which comprises a flat box-shaped shell and a heat exchange plate, a condensation plate and a flow equalizing tube arranged in the shell, the front panel of the shell is a glass panel, and the flow equalizing tube is arranged on the The upper end of the front surface of the heat exchange plate is connected with the inside of the heat exchange plate. The front surface of the heat exchange plate is pasted with a carbon fiber felt layer for absorbing solar energy. The heat exchange plate is provided with an interdigitated heat exchange flow channel for condensation There are interdigitated condensing flow channels inside the plate, multiple air guide holes are opened above the condensing plate, and condensed water tanks are set at the bottom of the shell; seawater inlets, fresh water outlets, and first condensed water outlets are respectively opened at the lower end of the back plate. outlet and steam outlet. The solar sea water desalinator of the invention has a light volume, uses solar energy to desalinate sea water, is energy-saving and environment-friendly, and has low cost, and is suitable for use in desalination of salt lake water, hard water desalination in inland areas, operation on sea islands, and small ships going out to sea.

Description

A solar desalination device

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of desalination of seawater, in particular to a solar desalination device.

Background technique

There are many methods for desalination of seawater or brackish water. Conventional methods include distillation, ion exchange, dialysis and reverse osmosis. These seawater desalination technologies are relatively mature, but they all need to consume a lot of fuel or Due to the shortcomings of electric power, the equipment involved in the above seawater desalination technology has a complex structure, is not easy to maintain, has high production costs, and is not convenient for ships to carry when they go out to sea. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a light-weight, energy-saving and economical seawater desalination equipment to solve the above problems.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a solar-powered seawater desalinator, which is light in size, uses solar energy to desalinate seawater, is energy-saving, environment-friendly, and low in cost.

In order to achieve the above object, the solution of the present invention is:

A solar seawater desalinator, comprising a flat box-shaped housing and heat exchange plates, condensing plates and flow equalizers arranged in the housing, the housing has a front panel and a rear panel oppositely arranged, so The front panel is a glass panel, and the flow equalizing tube, the heat exchange plate and the condensation plate are installed in the housing in sequence from front to back, and the rear surface of the heat exchange plate is connected to the front surface of the condensation plate. The surfaces are fixed together, and the rear surface of the condensation plate is fixed together with the back plate of the housing;

The flow equalizing tube is arranged on the upper end of the front surface of the heat exchange plate and communicates with the inside of the heat exchange plate, and the front surface of the heat exchange plate is attached to the bottom of the flow equalizing tube for A carbon fiber felt layer that absorbs solar energy, a steam channel for water vapor circulation is formed between the carbon fiber felt layer and the corresponding inner wall of the housing; an interdigitated heat exchange flow channel is arranged in the heat exchange plate, and the condensation There are interdigitated condensing flow channels inside the plate, a plurality of air guide holes for introducing water vapor are opened above the condensing plate, and a condensing water tank is set at the bottom of the shell;

The lower end of the back plate is respectively provided with a seawater inlet, a fresh water outlet, a first condensed water outlet, and a water vapor outlet, and the seawater inlet is connected to the lower end of the interdigitated heat exchange channel through a conduit , the first condensed water outlet is connected to the condensed water tank through a condensed water pipe, the fresh water outlet is connected to the lower end of the interdigitated condensed flow channel, and the water vapor outlet is connected to the steam channel connected.

A plurality of air introduction holes are provided on the front panel of the housing to facilitate the flow of water vapor.

The size and shape of the heat exchange plate are respectively the same as the size and shape of the condensation plate.

A heat exchange tank is opened on the rear surface of the heat exchange plate, and multi-layer heat exchange partitions are arranged in the heat exchange tank along the length direction of the heat exchange plate, and a set of heat exchange partitions is formed between the heat exchange partitions. The interdigitated heat exchange channels in the heat exchange tank.

A condensation groove is provided on the rear surface of the condensation plate, and multi-layer condensation partitions are arranged in the condensation groove along the length direction of the condensation plate. The interdigitated condensation runner.

The lower end of the rear panel is also provided with a second condensed water outlet, and the second condensed water outlet is connected to the condensed water tank through a condensed water pipe.

A miniature exhaust fan is installed in the housing corresponding to the water vapor outlet.

After adopting the above-mentioned structure, a solar seawater desalinator of the present invention has a specific working process as follows: sunlight shines on the carbon fiber felt layer through the front panel, and when the solar thermal radiation absorbed by the carbon fiber felt layer makes the temperature in the shell suitable for seawater and effectively When evaporating, the heat exchange plate attached to the carbon fiber felt layer also has a relatively high temperature. The seawater enters the interdigitated heat exchange channel of the heat exchange plate for preliminary heat exchange, and the seawater after the initial heat exchange enters the equalizing tube. Through the flow equalization effect of the flow equalizing tube, it flows evenly on the carbon fiber felt layer, and the seawater is heated and evaporated from top to bottom along the carbon fiber felt layer, and a part of the seawater forms water vapor and enters the interdigitated condensation of the condensation plate through the air guide holes on the condensation plate In the flow channel, the hotter water vapor undergoes heat exchange with the colder seawater in the interdigitated heat exchange flow channel, condenses into fresh water and is discharged from the fresh water outlet. The seawater that does not form water vapor flowing down the carbon fiber felt layer flows into the condensed water tank and is discharged through the first condensed water discharge port. Since the temperature of the seawater in the interdigitated heat exchange channel increases gradually from bottom to top, and the water vapor in the interdigitated condensation channel flows from top to bottom, the condensation effect of water vapor is guaranteed to be better and better.

A solar seawater desalinator of the present invention avoids common problems in membrane desalination technology (dialysis method and reverse osmosis method) in seawater desalination technology, such as the membrane surface in high hardness water is easy to scale and is difficult to use for a long time, There are barriers such as high maintenance costs for late-stage consumables. Because in the evaporation process, the evaporation efficiency of the solar seawater desalination device is less affected by the salt content in the water, the problem of low working efficiency of the ion exchange method in water with a slightly higher salt concentration will not occur. The carbon fiber felt is used for heat-gathering evaporation. During this process, the liquid to be evaporated is in a flowing state, and the salt crystallization phenomenon that exists in the general distillation method will not occur.

The solar sea water desalinator of the invention has a light volume, uses solar energy to desalinate sea water, is energy-saving and environment-friendly, and has low cost, and is suitable for use in desalination of salt lake water, hard water desalination in inland areas, operation on sea islands, and small ships going out to sea.

Further, the front panel of the housing is provided with a plurality of air introduction holes that are conducive to the flow of water vapor, which can accelerate the evaporation of water vapor and facilitate the entry of water vapor into the condensation plate.

Further, the lower end of the back panel is also provided with a second condensed water outlet, and the second condensed water outlet is connected to the condensed water tank through a condensed water pipe, which can prevent condensation when the first condensed water outlet is blocked. The liquid level in the tank is too high, which is not conducive to the circulation of water vapor.

Further, a micro-exhaust fan is installed in the housing corresponding to the water vapor outlet, so as to facilitate the circulation of water vapor.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of a kind of solar desalination device of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the enlarged structure diagram of part A in Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is the sectional structure schematic diagram of the heat exchange plate of a kind of solar desalination device of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is the structural representation of the heat exchange plate (front surface) of a kind of solar desalination device of the present invention;

Fig. 5 is the sectional structure schematic diagram of the condensation plate of a kind of solar seawater desalination device of the present invention;

Fig. 6 is the structural representation of the front panel of a kind of solar desalination device of the present invention;

Fig. 7 is a structural schematic diagram of a back panel of a solar desalination device according to the present invention.

In the picture:

Housing 1 Front Panel 11

Air introduction hole 111 Back panel 12

Sea water inlet 121 Fresh water outlet 122

The first condensed water outlet 123 Water vapor outlet 124

Second condensate outlet 125 heat exchange plate 2

Heat exchange partition 21 Interdigitated heat exchange runner 22

Water inlet 23 Water outlet 24

Heat exchange isolation slot 25 Through hole 251

Condensation plate 3 Condensation partition 31

Interdigitated Condensation Runner 32 Condensation Isolation Tank 33

Through hole 331 flow equalizer 4

Carbon fiber felt layer 5 Condensation sink 6

Detailed ways

In order to further explain the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention will be described in detail below through specific examples.

A solar desalination device, as shown in Figures 1-2, includes a flat box-shaped shell 1 and a heat exchange plate 2, a condensation plate 3, and a flow equalizer 4 arranged in the shell 1, and the shell 1 The length is 120cm, the width is 80cm, and the thickness is 9.2cm. The shell 1 has a front panel 11 and a rear panel 12 oppositely arranged. Installed in the housing 1 from front to back, the size and shape of the heat exchange plate 2 are respectively the same as the size and shape of the condensation plate 3 . The rear surface of the heat exchange plate 2 is fixed together with the front surface of the condensing plate 3 , and the rear surface of the condensing plate 3 is fixed together with the back plate 12 of the housing 1 .

As shown in Figure 3, the heat exchange plate 2 is made of heat-conducting material. A heat exchange tank is opened on the rear surface of the heat exchange plate 2, and a multi-layer heat exchange tank is arranged along the length direction of the heat exchange plate 2. Between the separators 21 and the heat exchange separators 21 is formed an interdigitated heat exchange channel 22 arranged in the heat exchange tank, the thickness of the heat exchange plate 2 is 5 mm, and the distance between adjacent heat exchange separators 21 is 20mm, the lower end of the interdigitated heat exchange channel 22 is provided with a water inlet 23, and the upper end of the interdigitated heat exchange channel 22 is provided with a water outlet 24, and both the water inlet 23 and the water outlet 24 are set at the bottom of the heat exchange tank . As shown in Figures 2-4, the flow equalizing tube 4 is arranged on the upper end of the front surface of the heat exchange plate 2 and communicates with the water outlet 24 of the interdigitated heat exchange flow channel 22 of the heat exchange plate 2, and the heat exchange plate 2 A carbon fiber felt layer 5 for absorbing solar energy is pasted on the front surface corresponding to the lower part of the flow equalizing tube 4, and a steam channel for water vapor circulation is formed between the carbon fiber felt layer 5 and the corresponding inner wall of the housing 1; as shown in Figure 5 , the top of the condensation plate 3 is provided with a plurality of air guide holes for introducing water vapor, a condensation tank is provided on the rear surface of the condensation plate 3, and a multi-layer condensation partition 31 is arranged along the length direction of the condensation plate 3 in the condensation tank , the interdigitated condensation flow channel 32 arranged in the condensation tank is formed between the condensation partitions 31, the thickness of the condensation plate 3 is 20mm, and the distance between the adjacent condensation partitions 31 is 50mm, so that the water can be guaranteed The low flow rate of the steam is conducive to obtaining the best condensation effect.

As shown in Figures 1 and 6, the bottom of the housing 1 is provided with a condensate tank 6 for collecting water vapor to form condensed water, and the front panel 11 of the housing 1 is provided with a plurality of holes along the width direction of the housing 1. The air introduction hole 111 through which water vapor flows, as shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 3, Fig. 5 and Fig. 7, the lower end of the back panel 12 is respectively provided with a seawater inlet 121, a fresh water outlet 122, a first condensed water outlet 123 and The water vapor outlet 124 located above the first condensed water outlet 123, the seawater inlet 121 communicates with the water inlet 23 of the interdigitated heat exchange channel 22 through a conduit, and the first condensed water outlet 123 is connected to the condensed water tank through a condensed water pipe 6 are connected, and the fresh water outlet 122 is connected with the interdigitated condensation flow channel 32 . The lower end of the heat exchange plate 2 is provided with a heat exchange isolation groove 25 which is isolated from the interdigitated heat exchange flow channel 22. The bottom of the heat exchange isolation groove 25 is provided with a through hole 251. The interdigitated condensing channel 32 is separated from the condensation isolation tank 33, and the bottom of the condensation isolation tank 33 is also provided with a through hole 331. The water vapor in the steam channel passes through the through holes of the heat exchange isolation tank 25 and the condensation isolation tank 33 in sequence. Finally, it is exported through the water vapor outlet 124 on the rear panel 12 .

After adopting the above-mentioned structure, a solar seawater desalinator of the present invention has a specific working process as follows: sunlight shines on the carbon fiber felt layer 5 through the front panel 11, and when the solar heat radiation absorbed by the carbon fiber felt layer 5 makes the inside of the housing 1 When the temperature is suitable for the effective evaporation of seawater, the heat exchange plate 2 attached to the carbon fiber felt layer 5 also has a relatively high temperature. According to calculations, in the case of ideal solar radiation, it flows to the interdigitated heat exchange channel 22 The temperature of the seawater at the top can reach 65°C, as shown by the solid arrow in Figure 2 and Figure 3, the seawater enters the interdigitated heat exchange channel 22 of the heat exchange plate 2 for preliminary heat exchange, and the seawater after the preliminary heat exchange Enter the flow equalizing pipe 4, flow evenly on the carbon fiber felt layer 5 through the flow equalizing effect of the flow equalizing pipe 4, and the seawater is heated and evaporated from top to bottom along the carbon fiber felt layer 5, as shown by the dashed arrow in Figure 2 and Figure 3, As shown in Figures 5 and 7, a part of the seawater forms water vapor and enters the interdigitated condensing flow channel 32 of the condensing plate 3 through the air guide holes on the condensing plate 3, and the hotter water vapor passes through the interdigitated heat exchange flow channel 22. The colder seawater is subjected to heat exchange, condensed into fresh water and discharged from the fresh water outlet 122 . The seawater without water vapor flowing down the carbon fiber felt layer 5 flows into the condensed water tank 6 and is discharged through the first condensed water discharge port 123 . Since the temperature of the seawater in the interdigitated heat exchange channel 22 gradually increases from bottom to top, and the water vapor in the interdigitated condensation channel 32 circulates from top to bottom, the condensation effect of water vapor is guaranteed to be better and better. .

A solar seawater desalinator of the present invention avoids common problems in membrane desalination technology (dialysis method and reverse osmosis method) in seawater desalination technology, such as the membrane surface in high hardness water is easy to scale and is difficult to use for a long time, There are barriers such as high maintenance costs for late-stage consumables. Because in the evaporation process, the evaporation efficiency of the solar seawater desalination device is less affected by the salt content in the water, the problem of low working efficiency of the ion exchange method in water with a slightly higher salt concentration will not occur. The carbon fiber felt is used for heat-gathering evaporation. During this process, the liquid to be evaporated is in a flowing state, and the salt crystallization phenomenon that exists in the general distillation method will not occur.

A solar seawater desalinator of the present invention integrates a heat collecting layer (carbon fiber felt layer), a heat exchange plate and a condensation plate in a housing with a small space. Inexpensive, suitable for salt lake water desalination, hard water desalination in inland areas, island operations, and small boats when going out to sea.

Further, as shown in FIG. 6 , the front panel 11 of the casing 1 is provided with a plurality of air introduction holes 111 which are conducive to the flow of water vapor, which can accelerate the evaporation of water vapor and facilitate the entry of water vapor into the condensation plate.

Further, as shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 7, a second condensed water discharge port 125 is provided at the lower end of the back panel 12, and the second condensed water discharge port 125 communicates with the condensed water tank 6 through a condensed water pipe, which can prevent the first Blockage of the condensed water outlet 123 causes the liquid level in the condensed water tank 6 to be too high, which is not conducive to the circulation of water vapor.

Further, a micro-exhaust fan (not shown in the figure) is installed at a position corresponding to the water vapor outlet 124 in the housing 1, thereby facilitating the circulation of water vapor.

The above-mentioned embodiments and drawings do not limit the form and style of the product of the present invention, and any appropriate changes or modifications made by those skilled in the art should be considered as not departing from the patent scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. A solar desalination device, comprising a flat box-shaped housing and a heat exchange plate, a condensing plate and a flow equalizer arranged in the housing, the housing has a front panel and a rear panel arranged oppositely , characterized in that: the front panel is a glass panel, the flow equalizing tube, the heat exchange plate and the condensation plate are installed in the housing in sequence from front to back, and the rear surface of the heat exchange plate is in contact with the The front surfaces of the condensing plates are fixed together, and the rear surfaces of the condensing plates are fixed together with the back plate of the housing; The flow equalizing tube is arranged on the upper end of the front surface of the heat exchange plate and communicates with the inside of the heat exchange plate, and the front surface of the heat exchange plate is attached to the bottom of the flow equalizing tube for A carbon fiber felt layer that absorbs solar energy, a steam channel for water vapor circulation is formed between the carbon fiber felt layer and the corresponding inner wall of the housing; an interdigitated heat exchange flow channel is arranged in the heat exchange plate, and the condensation There are interdigitated condensing channels inside the plate, a plurality of air guide holes for introducing water vapor are opened on the top of the condensing plate, and condensed water tanks are set at the bottom of the shell; the lower ends of the back plate are respectively opened There are seawater inlet, fresh water outlet, first condensed water outlet and steam outlet, the seawater inlet communicates with the lower end of the interdigitated heat exchange channel through a conduit, and the first condensed water outlet passes through The condensed water pipe is connected with the condensed water tank, the fresh water discharge port is connected with the lower end of the interdigitated condensed flow channel, and the steam outlet is connected with the steam channel; The seawater is heated and evaporated from top to bottom along the carbon fiber felt layer, and a part of the seawater forms water vapor and enters the interdigitated condensation channel of the condensation plate through the air guide holes on the condensation plate. The colder seawater in the interdigitated heat exchange channel performs heat exchange, condenses into fresh water and discharges it from the fresh water outlet, and the seawater that does not form water vapor flowing down the carbon fiber felt layer flows into the condensation water tank and Drain through the first condensed water outlet. 2 . The solar desalination device according to claim 1 , wherein a plurality of air introduction holes are provided on the front panel of the housing to facilitate the flow of water vapor. 3 . 3. A solar desalination device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the size and shape of the heat exchange plate are the same as the size and shape of the condensation plate. 4. A solar seawater desalinator according to claim 1, characterized in that: a heat exchange groove is opened on the rear surface of the heat exchange plate, and the heat exchange groove along the length of the heat exchange plate There are multiple layers of heat exchange partitions arranged in the direction, and the interdigitated heat exchange channels arranged in the heat exchange tank are formed between the heat exchange partitions. 5. A solar seawater desalinator according to claim 1, characterized in that: a condensation tank is provided on the rear surface of the condensation plate, and multiple There are two layers of condensation partitions, and the interdigitated condensation flow channels arranged in the condensation tank are formed between the condensation partitions. 6. A solar desalination device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the lower end of the back panel is also provided with a second condensed water outlet, and the second condensed water outlet is connected to the condensed water pipe through the condensed water pipe. The condensate tank is connected. 7. A solar desalination device according to claim 1, characterized in that: a micro exhaust fan is installed in the housing corresponding to the water vapor outlet.

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