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CN103370852A - 电动机 - Google Patents

电动机 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103370852A
CN103370852A CN2011800638869A CN201180063886A CN103370852A CN 103370852 A CN103370852 A CN 103370852A CN 2011800638869 A CN2011800638869 A CN 2011800638869A CN 201180063886 A CN201180063886 A CN 201180063886A CN 103370852 A CN103370852 A CN 103370852A
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stator
rotor
electric motor
pole
poles
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CN103370852B (zh
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P·菲舍尔
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Grundfos Holdings AS
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Grundfos Holdings AS
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Priority claimed from DE102010051916A external-priority patent/DE102010051916A1/de
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/14—Stator cores with salient poles
    • H02K1/146—Stator cores with salient poles consisting of a generally annular yoke with salient poles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D15/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or systems
    • F04D15/02—Stopping of pumps, or operating valves, on occurrence of unwanted conditions
    • F04D15/0209—Stopping of pumps, or operating valves, on occurrence of unwanted conditions responsive to a condition of the working fluid
    • F04D15/0218—Stopping of pumps, or operating valves, on occurrence of unwanted conditions responsive to a condition of the working fluid the condition being a liquid level or a lack of liquid supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B49/00—Control, e.g. of pump delivery, or pump pressure of, or safety measures for, machines, pumps, or pumping installations, not otherwise provided for, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B47/00
    • F04B49/06—Control using electricity
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D13/00—Pumping installations or systems
    • F04D13/02—Units comprising pumps and their driving means
    • F04D13/06—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being electrically driven
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D13/00—Pumping installations or systems
    • F04D13/02—Units comprising pumps and their driving means
    • F04D13/06—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being electrically driven
    • F04D13/0606—Canned motor pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D13/00—Pumping installations or systems
    • F04D13/02—Units comprising pumps and their driving means
    • F04D13/06—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being electrically driven
    • F04D13/0606—Canned motor pumps
    • F04D13/064—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/04—Shafts or bearings, or assemblies thereof
    • F04D29/046—Bearings
    • F04D29/0467—Spherical bearings
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D9/00—Level control, e.g. controlling quantity of material stored in vessel
    • G05D9/12—Level control, e.g. controlling quantity of material stored in vessel characterised by the use of electric means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/14—Stator cores with salient poles
    • H02K1/146—Stator cores with salient poles consisting of a generally annular yoke with salient poles
    • H02K1/148—Sectional cores
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H02K1/2706—Inner rotors
    • H02K1/272—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
    • H02K1/274—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
    • H02K1/2753—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets the rotor consisting of magnets or groups of magnets arranged with alternating polarity
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K11/00—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection
    • H02K11/30—Structural association with control circuits or drive circuits
    • H02K11/33—Drive circuits, e.g. power electronics
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
    • H02K21/12—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets
    • H02K21/14—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets rotating within the armatures
    • H02K21/16—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets rotating within the armatures having annular armature cores with salient poles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
    • H02K21/12—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets
    • H02K21/24—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets axially facing the armatures, e.g. hub-type cycle dynamos
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00—Details of windings
    • H02K3/04—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors
    • H02K3/28—Layout of windings or of connections between windings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K5/00—Casings; Enclosures; Supports
    • H02K5/04—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof
    • H02K5/12—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof specially adapted for operating in liquid or gas
    • H02K5/128—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof specially adapted for operating in liquid or gas using air-gap sleeves or air-gap discs
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K5/00—Casings; Enclosures; Supports
    • H02K5/04—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof
    • H02K5/22—Auxiliary parts of casings not covered by groups H02K5/06-H02K5/20, e.g. shaped to form connection boxes or terminal boxes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K9/00—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating
    • H02K9/19—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating for machines with closed casing and closed-circuit cooling using a liquid cooling medium, e.g. oil
    • H02K9/197—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating for machines with closed casing and closed-circuit cooling using a liquid cooling medium, e.g. oil in which the rotor or stator space is fluid-tight, e.g. to provide for different cooling media for rotor and stator
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P6/00—Arrangements for controlling synchronous motors or other dynamo-electric motors using electronic commutation dependent on the rotor position; Electronic commutators therefor
    • H02P6/14—Electronic commutators
    • H02P6/16—Circuit arrangements for detecting position
    • H02P6/18—Circuit arrangements for detecting position without separate position detecting elements
    • H02P6/182—Circuit arrangements for detecting position without separate position detecting elements using back-emf in windings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/18—Means for mounting or fastening magnetic stationary parts on to, or to, the stator structures
    • H02K1/182—Means for mounting or fastening magnetic stationary parts on to, or to, the stator structures to stators axially facing the rotor, i.e. with axial or conical air gap
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K5/00—Casings; Enclosures; Supports
    • H02K5/04—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof
    • H02K5/10—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof with arrangements for protection from ingress, e.g. water or fingers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K5/00—Casings; Enclosures; Supports
    • H02K5/04—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof
    • H02K5/12—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof specially adapted for operating in liquid or gas
    • H02K5/128—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof specially adapted for operating in liquid or gas using air-gap sleeves or air-gap discs
    • H02K5/1282—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof specially adapted for operating in liquid or gas using air-gap sleeves or air-gap discs the partition wall in the air-gap being non cylindrical
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K5/00—Casings; Enclosures; Supports
    • H02K5/04—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof
    • H02K5/16—Means for supporting bearings, e.g. insulating supports or means for fitting bearings in the bearing-shields
    • H02K5/173—Means for supporting bearings, e.g. insulating supports or means for fitting bearings in the bearing-shields using bearings with rolling contact, e.g. ball bearings
    • H02K5/1737—Means for supporting bearings, e.g. insulating supports or means for fitting bearings in the bearing-shields using bearings with rolling contact, e.g. ball bearings radially supporting the rotor around a fixed spindle; radially supporting the rotor directly
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K5/00—Casings; Enclosures; Supports
    • H02K5/04—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof
    • H02K5/22—Auxiliary parts of casings not covered by groups H02K5/06-H02K5/20, e.g. shaped to form connection boxes or terminal boxes
    • H02K5/225—Terminal boxes or connection arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K5/00—Casings; Enclosures; Supports
    • H02K5/24—Casings; Enclosures; Supports specially adapted for suppression or reduction of noise or vibrations

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)
  • Motor Or Generator Frames (AREA)
  • Details And Applications Of Rotary Liquid Pumps (AREA)
  • Iron Core Of Rotating Electric Machines (AREA)
  • Details Of Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)
  • Rotary Pumps (AREA)
  • Control Of Electric Motors In General (AREA)
  • Permanent Magnet Type Synchronous Machine (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种电动机，其具有定子（4）、转子（8）和设置在定子（4）和转子（8）之间的缝管（6），其中，定子（4）具有多个定子极对（26），各个定子极对分别由两个相邻的定子极（20）组成，这些定子极被设计为，使它们产生相反极化的磁场；转子（8）具有多个沿外周分布的磁性转子极（34）并被设计为，能够在两个相邻的转子极（34）之间产生磁通，本发明还涉及一种具有上述电动机的泵机组。

Description

电动机
技术领域
本发明涉及一种电动机，即湿运行电动机，其具有定子、转子和设置在定子和转子之间的缝管。
背景技术
这种电机特别适用于泵机组中，例如诸如供热循环泵或非饮用水循环泵这样的循环泵机组。由于这类产品都是大规模生产，因此要尽力使这些产品尽可能地价格低廉并易于制造。此外还应该实现非常高的效率，以减少泵机组的能源消耗。
发明内容
因此本发明的目的在于提供一种湿运行电动机以及一种具有这种湿运行电动机的泵机组，其制造成本低且工作效率高。
本发明的目的通过具有如权利要求1所述特征的电动机以及具有如权利要求10所述特征的泵机组实现。优选的实施方式由从属权利要求、下面的说明以及附图给出。
根据本发明的电动机作为一种湿运行电动机公知地具有定子、转子和设置在定子和转子之间的缝管。缝管的内部在运行中被充满液体，从而使转子在液体中旋转。根据本发明，在此将缝管理解为一种用于将转子空间与定子空间分开的组件，即，其并非必须是管状组件，而是也可以是其它形状的组件，例如片状或球冠状部件。
定子具有多个定子极对，在此根据本发明，这种定子极对并不象在已知的湿运行电动机中那样由在直径上彼此相对的定子极组成，而是分别由两个并排设置、即相邻的定子极组成。定子极对的每个极可以在相反的方向上被磁化。也就是说，一个极在其自由端部具有磁性北极，同时另一个极在其自由端部具有磁性南极。优选在径向方向上产生相反的极化磁场。在这种设计方案中，定子极围绕缝管沿外周设置。优选定子极以公知的方式由软磁材料制成，例如由铁片制成。并在其通电流时由线圈以期望的方式进行磁化，从而产生使转子转动的磁场。
为了使转子能够与在定子中产生的磁场互感，转子具有多个沿外周分布的永磁性转子极。这些转子极被设计为，能够在每两个相邻的转子极之间形成磁通。在已知的湿运行电机的转子中，两个转子极之间的磁通通常是穿过转子到沿直径方向相对的极而发生的。现在根据本发明设置为，磁通沿圆周方向发生在两个相邻的转子极之间。这样做的优势在于，如果为了保证磁通而必须由硬磁性材料或软磁性材料制成转子，则不需要使整个转子都由磁性材料制成。由此降低了所需磁性材料的数量并能够在整体上容易地构成转子，从而减少了需要移动的质量。利用相邻的定子极形成定子极对的优势在于，可以简化各个定子极的线圈的布线。此外还可以在定子中节省材料，因为不再需要软磁性的回流体连接在直径方向上相对置的转子极。更确切地说，利用软磁性的回流元件就足以连接构成定子极对的相邻的定子极，从而能够在这两个定子极之间产生磁通。因此，除了节省材料之外，还可以获得额外的空间，这能够使整个电动机具有更紧凑的结构。
优选将定子极对的定子极构造为极板（Polstege），它们通过软磁性连接元件彼此连接。在此，这些极板可以单独制成并与软磁性连接元件相连接。替代地还可以考虑将极板与连接元件构造为单一部件或一体化地制成。优选将极板和连接元件构造为叠片组。极板例如沿径向或沿轴向平行于电机的转动轴伸展，并且还优选设计用于容纳线圈。
因此进一步优选将定子极设计为其上设有线圈的极板，在此，将两个构成定子极对的相邻定子极的线圈电串联。这种布置的作用是使这两个具有串联连接的线圈的极板在线圈通过电流时分别如上所述地沿相反的方向被磁化。
在根据本发明的一种实施方式中，作为上述在每个定子极上分别设置线圈的替换，还可以使一个极对中的定子极具有共同的线圈。因此可以例如只在一个极板上设置线圈。当两个极板在端部通过软磁性连接元件彼此连接，从而使由极板的U形设置构成定子极对时，则在设置线圈时还可以只在其中一个极板上实现对这两个利用连接元件相连接的极板的相反方向的磁化。如果对于一个极对只使用一个线圈，则对于这一个线圈来说可以拥有更多的结构空间，从而可以将这一个线圈设计得更大，即具有更多的绕组。
进一步优选将定子极对的定子极设计为通过软磁性连接元件彼此连接的极板，在此，在连接元件上设置至少一个线圈。通过将线圈设置在连接元件上，能够在对线圈通电流时非常简单地实现对两个极板的均匀磁化。
在另一种优选的实施方式中，将两个彼此直径相对的定子极对的定子极的线圈电串联。由此可以实现对每两个彼此直径相对的定子极对同时通电流。如果每个定子极对具有两个线圈，每个线圈都位于其中一个相关的定子极上，则优选将每个定子极对的线圈串联，然后使彼此直径相对的定子极对的线圈对在其一侧串联连接。
优选定子的所有线圈都是相同的。由此可以减少零件的多样性并简化制造或安装。
特别优选使线圈与设置在定子上的电路板彼此连接。为此，线圈例如可以具有轴侧突出的触点，这些触点与电路板上的相应的触点或导体电路电传导地接合在一起。例如可以将这些触点元件设计为轴向突出的接触销，其被嵌接在相应的电路板孔中，并在那里借助于插塞式连接件（Steckkupplung）或者例如通过焊接与电路板的导体电路电接触。通过使用这种设置在该线圈上或设置在所有线圈上的电路板，可以非常简单地使线圈实现电连接。因此，所有的线圈都可以预先制造，然后在安装时通过电路板保持接触。在此不需要将单独的绕组线从一个线圈引向另一个线圈。
进一步优选电路板包括至少部分电机电子装置。可以在电路板上直接设置用于控制或操作电动机的电子组件。在此该电子组件特别可以是部分变频器或电子功率开关，其负责向各个线圈通入适当的电流。通过将这些组件集成在直接设置于定子上的电路板上可以实现非常紧凑的结构，在此可以将用于电机运行的主要电子组件与定子和电路板一起直接设置在定子壳体中。
电动机例如可以是三相电机，在此优选其具有六个定子极对。在这六个定子极对中，可以将每两个直径相对的定子极对的线圈如前面所述地串联连接，因此总是有两个彼此相对的定子极对同时通入电流，从而通过这种方式实现三相设计。替代地也可以将电动机设计为例如两相电机，在此，该电机可以相应地具有四个或八个定子极对，它们以如前所述的方式设置并具有如前所述的定子线圈的连接。
根据另一种优选的实施方式，对转子进行海尔贝克磁化（Halbach-magnetisiert）。通过这种磁化可以在转子的外周上实现很强的磁场而在转子内部实现弱化的磁场。在此，转子极之间的磁通沿外周方向发生于表面附近，因此对于直径相对的转子极来说，磁通不必穿过转子。因此如上所述，转子可以在其内部更轻地构成，因为在那里可以去除用于确保磁通的软磁性或硬磁性材料。
优选转子具有由磁性材料制成的极环，转子极设置在极环中。极环由硬磁性材料制成，在此通过相应的磁化获得经磁化的转子极。在此可以使用前面所述的海尔贝克磁化。转子在其外周上具有交替的北极和南极，转子极之间的磁通沿圆周方向利用极环的材料产生。为此，极环可以在需要时在径向内侧具有由软磁性材料制成的环状后衬（Hinterfütterung）。
优选将电动机设计为球形电机，其具有构造为隔离球冠的缝管。在这种电机中，隔离球冠具有半球形的外形，转子具有相应的半球形的表面。从而使转子可以同中心地设置在隔离球冠中。在此，转子支承在轴承球（Lagerkugel）上，其表面相对于转子表面和隔离球冠同样是同中心地放置。因此，转子不仅可以围绕轴承球旋转，而且还可以垂直于转动轴做摆动运动。
本发明还涉及一种泵机组，其具有如前所述的电动机作为驱动电机。这种泵机组特别可以是循环泵机组，例如供热循环泵机组或非饮用水循环泵机组。这些泵机组如上所述地具有低成本的配置和较高的效率，由于这种泵机组具有较长的运行时间，因此在这里特别需要强调的是能源效能。
附图说明
下面参照附图对本发明做示例性地说明。其中，
图1示出了根据本发明的电动机的局部截面分解图，
图2示出了如图1所示的电动机的定子的详细截面视图，
图3示意性示出了如图1所示的转子的极环的截面图。
具体实施方式
图1中是处理的电机构成了循环泵机组的一部分。该电机包括电子壳体2，在其内部设置有定子4。定子4环绕缝管6，该缝管6将定子壳体2内的定子空间与其中设有转子8的转子空间相分离。转子8在其轴向的自由前端部支承泵机组的叶轮10。在这里没有示出环绕叶轮10的泵机组壳体。该泵机组壳体借助于盖形螺母12固定在定子壳体2上。在定子壳体2的背对转子8的轴向端部上在其轴侧放置电子装置壳体14。
在此示出的电动机是球形电机，即缝管6被构造为球冠形的或半球形的隔离球冠，并且转子8被相应地构造为半球形的并支承在轴承球16上。位于轴承球16上的这种轴承结构使得转子不仅围绕转动轴X旋转，而且还垂直于转轴X进行摆动运动。转子8具有设置在其外周上的极环18，在其中设有永磁型转子极。为此，极环18由硬磁性材料构成并相应地被磁化。
在图2中详细示出的定子4由多个轴向延伸、即平行于转动轴X延伸的极板20组成。极板20在其自由端部22上分别相应于缝管6的形状而弯曲，从而使极板20可以通过其自由端部从外面贴靠在缝管6上。极板20以公知的方式被构造为由软磁性材料、特别是铁片制成的叠片组。每个极板20承载一线圈24，该线圈在通入电流时会使相应的极板20磁化。线圈24彼此这样电连接：使得总是有两个相邻的线圈24串联连接，从而使两个相邻的极板20构成一个定子极对26。由于定子极对26的极板20的线圈24串联连接，因此当给线圈24通入电流时会在彼此并排的极板中产生如图2所示的方向相反的磁场，在此，在其中一个极板的自由端部上形成磁性南极S，在另一个极板的自由端部上形成磁性北极N。在这里所示出的实施例中，所有极板20通过环形的软磁性连接元件28彼此连接。但是需要指出的是，连接元件28不必构造为连续的，而是更确切地说可以只使一个定子极对26的极板20通过这样的软磁性连接元件28彼此连接。去往其他极板的连接不是必需的，因为磁通总是只在定子极对的内部从一个极板20到相邻的极板20地发生。此外，也不需要强制性地在每个极板20上都设置一线圈24。而是在每个定子极对26中也可以只设置一个线圈，例如设置在使两个极板20彼此连接的连接元件28上。
除了定子极对26的线圈24的串联连接外，附加地还将直径相对的定子极对26的线圈24与该线圈24串联连接。由此在这里所示出的12个极板20的配置中形成三组可同时通入电流的线圈24，即，在此涉及的是三相电机。在该实施例中，线圈24的电连接通过电路板30实现，在该电路板中，各个线圈24与连接销32相接合而形成电接触。此外，电路板30可以承载电机电子装置的电子部件，从而在此可以将该电机电子装置的主要部件集成在定子壳体2中。
转子8如上所述地具有极环18。在如图3所示的转子中，通过磁化形成各个转子极34。在该实施例中提为海尔贝克磁化，如图3所示。在这种磁化过程中，在经径向磁化的转子极34之间分别设置一个中间部分36，其沿圆周方向被磁化。在此，在图3中用从南极指向北极的箭头指明磁化方向。通过这种类型的磁化可以实现：使磁场基本上指向转子的外周，而不是在转子的内部。也就是说，磁场特别是产生于极环18的面向定子4的外侧。由于在此通过极环的磁通也可以从一个转子极34直接相对于相邻的转子极34产生，而不是相对于直径相对的转子极产生，因此在转子8的内部无须设置磁性材料，无论是软磁性材料还是硬磁性材料。如图1所示，转子在内部可以基本上是中空的，并由此可以更轻地构成。此外，轴承球16上的轴承结构可以设置在转子8的内部。
附图标记列表
2  定子壳体
4  定子
6  缝管
8  转子
10 叶轮
12 盖形螺母
14 电子装置壳体
16 轴承球
18 极环
20 极板
22 自由端部
24 线圈
26 定子极对
28 连接元件
30 电路板
32 连接销
34 转子极
36 中间部分
S  南极
N  北极
X  转动轴

Claims (15)

1.一种电动机，具有定子（4）、转子（8）和设置在所述定子（4）和转子（8）之间的缝管（6），其特征在于，所述定子（4）具有多个定子极对（26），每个定子极对分别由两个相邻的定子极（20）组成，在此将这些定子极设计为，使它们产生相反极化的磁场；以及所述转子（8）具有多个沿外周分布的磁性转子极（34）并被设计为，能够在两个相邻的转子极（34）之间产生磁通。
2.如权利要求1所述的电动机，其特征在于，将所述定子极对（26）的定子极构造为极板（20），其通过软磁性连接元件（28）彼此连接。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的电动机，其特征在于，将所述定子极构造为其上设置有线圈（24）的极板（20），其中，将两个构成一个定子极对（26）的相邻的定子极（20）的线圈（24）电串联连接。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的电动机，其特征在于，所述极对（26）的定子极（20）具有共有的线圈。
5.如权利要求4所述的电动机，其特征在于，将所述定子极对（26）的定子极（20）构造为通过软磁性连接元件（28）彼此连接的极板（20），其中，将至少一个线圈设置在所述连接元件上。
6.如权利要求3至5中任一项所述的电动机，其特征在于，将两个直径相对的所述定子极对（26）的定子极（20）的线圈（24）电串联连接。
7.如权利要求3至6中任一项所述的电动机，其特征在于，所有线圈（24）的构造相同。
8.如权利要求3至7中任一项所述的电动机，其特征在于，所述线圈（24）通过设置在所述定子（4）上的电路板（30）彼此连接。
9.如权利要求8所述的电动机，其特征在于，所述电路板（30）至少承载部分电机的电子装置。
10.如前面任一项权利要求所述的电动机，其特征在于，所述电动机被设计为具有六个定子极对的三相电机。
11.如前面任一项权利要求所述的电动机，其特征在于，所述转子（8）被海尔贝克磁化。
12.如前面任一项权利要求所述的电动机，其特征在于，所述转子（8）具有由磁性材料构成的极环（18），所述转子极（34）设置在该极环中。
13.如前面任一项权利要求所述的电动机，其特征在于，该电动机被设计为球形电机，具有构造为隔离球冠的缝管（6）。
14.一种泵机组，其特征在于，该泵机组具有作为驱动电机的、如前面任一项权利要求所述的电动机。
15.如权利要求14所述的泵机组，其特征在于，该泵机组被设计为循环泵机组，特别是供热循环泵机组或非饮用水循环泵机组。
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