CN103360466B - 抗肿瘤相关肽及相关抗癌疫苗组合物 - Google Patents
抗肿瘤相关肽及相关抗癌疫苗组合物 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN103360466B CN103360466B CN201310109229.4A CN201310109229A CN103360466B CN 103360466 B CN103360466 B CN 103360466B CN 201310109229 A CN201310109229 A CN 201310109229A CN 103360466 B CN103360466 B CN 103360466B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- peptide
- cells
- peptides
- cancer
- cell
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 108090000765 processed proteins & peptides Proteins 0.000 title claims abstract description 376
- 102000004196 processed proteins & peptides Human genes 0.000 title claims abstract description 215
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title abstract description 28
- 229940022399 cancer vaccine Drugs 0.000 title description 14
- 230000000259 anti-tumor effect Effects 0.000 title description 5
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 204
- 206010009944 Colon cancer Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 88
- 208000001333 Colorectal Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 84
- 229960005486 vaccine Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 claims description 122
- 201000011510 cancer Diseases 0.000 claims description 96
- 210000001744 T-lymphocyte Anatomy 0.000 claims description 81
- 239000000427 antigen Substances 0.000 claims description 72
- 108091007433 antigens Proteins 0.000 claims description 72
- 102000036639 antigens Human genes 0.000 claims description 72
- 210000001151 cytotoxic T lymphocyte Anatomy 0.000 claims description 57
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 claims description 49
- 108700018351 Major Histocompatibility Complex Proteins 0.000 claims description 46
- 230000020382 suppression by virus of host antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I Effects 0.000 claims description 46
- 238000000338 in vitro Methods 0.000 claims description 45
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 42
- 210000004443 dendritic cell Anatomy 0.000 claims description 32
- 150000007523 nucleic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 27
- 210000000612 antigen-presenting cell Anatomy 0.000 claims description 26
- 102000039446 nucleic acids Human genes 0.000 claims description 25
- 108020004707 nucleic acids Proteins 0.000 claims description 25
- 125000003275 alpha amino acid group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 229920001184 polypeptide Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000013604 expression vector Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 108010058597 HLA-DR Antigens Proteins 0.000 claims description 6
- 102000006354 HLA-DR Antigens Human genes 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 108020001507 fusion proteins Proteins 0.000 claims description 5
- 102000037865 fusion proteins Human genes 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000001429 N-terminal alpha-amino-acid group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002299 complementary DNA Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 208000005017 glioblastoma Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 108010028930 invariant chain Proteins 0.000 claims 2
- 201000010915 Glioblastoma multiforme Diseases 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009169 immunotherapy Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 210000002443 helper t lymphocyte Anatomy 0.000 abstract description 11
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000005975 antitumor immune response Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000002619 cancer immunotherapy Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000008186 active pharmaceutical agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000001024 immunotherapeutic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 64
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 41
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 40
- 230000000638 stimulation Effects 0.000 description 33
- 239000008194 pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 description 32
- 210000004881 tumor cell Anatomy 0.000 description 32
- 102100025475 Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 5 Human genes 0.000 description 31
- 230000027455 binding Effects 0.000 description 30
- 108010022366 Carcinoembryonic Antigen Proteins 0.000 description 29
- 108010008707 Mucin-1 Proteins 0.000 description 29
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 29
- 102100034256 Mucin-1 Human genes 0.000 description 28
- 230000005867 T cell response Effects 0.000 description 27
- 239000002671 adjuvant Substances 0.000 description 24
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 24
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 24
- 229940124673 IMA910 Drugs 0.000 description 22
- 235000001014 amino acid Nutrition 0.000 description 22
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 21
- 230000028993 immune response Effects 0.000 description 21
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 21
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 20
- 230000005847 immunogenicity Effects 0.000 description 20
- 208000029742 colonic neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 19
- 210000003819 peripheral blood mononuclear cell Anatomy 0.000 description 19
- 210000001266 CD8-positive T-lymphocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 18
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 18
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 18
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 18
- 102000007537 Type II DNA Topoisomerases Human genes 0.000 description 17
- 108010046308 Type II DNA Topoisomerases Proteins 0.000 description 17
- 238000002255 vaccination Methods 0.000 description 17
- 102000002274 Matrix Metalloproteinases Human genes 0.000 description 16
- 108010000684 Matrix Metalloproteinases Proteins 0.000 description 16
- 102100021079 Ornithine decarboxylase Human genes 0.000 description 16
- 210000004698 lymphocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 15
- 108010075704 HLA-A Antigens Proteins 0.000 description 14
- 102000011786 HLA-A Antigens Human genes 0.000 description 14
- 101001108219 Homo sapiens NADPH oxidase 1 Proteins 0.000 description 14
- 102100021873 NADPH oxidase 1 Human genes 0.000 description 14
- 230000002018 overexpression Effects 0.000 description 14
- 102000006311 Cyclin D1 Human genes 0.000 description 13
- 108010058546 Cyclin D1 Proteins 0.000 description 13
- 108020004414 DNA Proteins 0.000 description 13
- 238000003114 enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot assay Methods 0.000 description 13
- 102100030417 Matrilysin Human genes 0.000 description 12
- 206010027476 Metastases Diseases 0.000 description 12
- 210000000987 immune system Anatomy 0.000 description 12
- 230000001404 mediated effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 108020004999 messenger RNA Proteins 0.000 description 12
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 12
- 108010088729 HLA-A*02:01 antigen Proteins 0.000 description 11
- 108091054437 MHC class I family Proteins 0.000 description 11
- 108090000855 Matrilysin Proteins 0.000 description 11
- 101710120430 Ornithine decarboxylase 1 Proteins 0.000 description 11
- 125000000539 amino acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 11
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000009566 cancer vaccine Methods 0.000 description 11
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 11
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 11
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 11
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 102000040430 polynucleotide Human genes 0.000 description 11
- 108091033319 polynucleotide Proteins 0.000 description 11
- 239000002157 polynucleotide Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 108050006400 Cyclin Proteins 0.000 description 10
- 210000001072 colon Anatomy 0.000 description 10
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 10
- 230000002163 immunogen Effects 0.000 description 10
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000009401 metastasis Effects 0.000 description 10
- 206010061289 metastatic neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 10
- 230000035772 mutation Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000013642 negative control Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000010186 staining Methods 0.000 description 10
- 108060000903 Beta-catenin Proteins 0.000 description 9
- 102000015735 Beta-catenin Human genes 0.000 description 9
- 206010006187 Breast cancer Diseases 0.000 description 9
- 108010017213 Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor Proteins 0.000 description 9
- 102100039620 Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor Human genes 0.000 description 9
- 102000018713 Histocompatibility Antigens Class II Human genes 0.000 description 9
- 108091054438 MHC class II family Proteins 0.000 description 9
- 208000006265 Renal cell carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 9
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 9
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 9
- 108700028369 Alleles Proteins 0.000 description 8
- 102000004127 Cytokines Human genes 0.000 description 8
- 108090000695 Cytokines Proteins 0.000 description 8
- 201000006107 Familial adenomatous polyposis Diseases 0.000 description 8
- 102100040683 Fermitin family homolog 1 Human genes 0.000 description 8
- 102100022623 Hepatocyte growth factor receptor Human genes 0.000 description 8
- 102000008949 Histocompatibility Antigens Class I Human genes 0.000 description 8
- 101000892670 Homo sapiens Fermitin family homolog 1 Proteins 0.000 description 8
- 108010002350 Interleukin-2 Proteins 0.000 description 8
- 102000000588 Interleukin-2 Human genes 0.000 description 8
- -1 c-met Proteins 0.000 description 8
- 208000029664 classic familial adenomatous polyposis Diseases 0.000 description 8
- 230000000875 corresponding effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 8
- 210000000265 leukocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 8
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 208000026310 Breast neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 7
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 7
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 7
- 241000700721 Hepatitis B virus Species 0.000 description 7
- 206010061902 Pancreatic neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 7
- 241000700605 Viruses Species 0.000 description 7
- 230000000890 antigenic effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000002246 antineoplastic agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000036952 cancer formation Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000003308 immunostimulating effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000001727 in vivo Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000003550 marker Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000004949 mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 7
- 201000001441 melanoma Diseases 0.000 description 7
- 230000001394 metastastic effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000001225 therapeutic effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- GHASVSINZRGABV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorouracil Chemical compound FC1=CNC(=O)NC1=O GHASVSINZRGABV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 108700001237 Nucleic Acid-Based Vaccines Proteins 0.000 description 6
- 102100036691 Proliferating cell nuclear antigen Human genes 0.000 description 6
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000000684 flow cytometry Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000013595 glycosylation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229940023146 nucleic acid vaccine Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 201000002528 pancreatic cancer Diseases 0.000 description 6
- 230000037361 pathway Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000013641 positive control Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000037452 priming Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 6
- 210000002966 serum Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- UCSJYZPVAKXKNQ-HZYVHMACSA-N streptomycin Chemical compound CN[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@](C=O)(O)[C@H](C)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](NC(N)=N)[C@H](O)[C@@H](NC(N)=N)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O UCSJYZPVAKXKNQ-HZYVHMACSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000013598 vector Substances 0.000 description 6
- 208000003200 Adenoma Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 101001012157 Homo sapiens Receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-2 Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 102000004318 Matrilysin Human genes 0.000 description 5
- 102000015728 Mucins Human genes 0.000 description 5
- 108010063954 Mucins Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 108091008874 T cell receptors Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 102000016266 T-Cell Antigen Receptors Human genes 0.000 description 5
- 102000000479 TCF Transcription Factors Human genes 0.000 description 5
- 108010016283 TCF Transcription Factors Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 108010060818 Toll-Like Receptor 9 Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 102100033117 Toll-like receptor 9 Human genes 0.000 description 5
- 239000000556 agonist Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229940041181 antineoplastic drug Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 230000006907 apoptotic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 231100000433 cytotoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 5
- 230000001472 cytotoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000012217 deletion Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000037430 deletion Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002552 dosage form Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000012636 effector Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229960002949 fluorouracil Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 230000002496 gastric effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000006206 glycosylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229940028435 intralipid Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 239000008176 lyophilized powder Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000036210 malignancy Effects 0.000 description 5
- 208000015486 malignant pancreatic neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 210000001616 monocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 229940051875 mucins Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 208000008443 pancreatic carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 210000005259 peripheral blood Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 239000011886 peripheral blood Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000546 pharmaceutical excipient Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000003612 virological effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- YBJHBAHKTGYVGT-ZKWXMUAHSA-N (+)-Biotin Chemical compound N1C(=O)N[C@@H]2[C@H](CCCCC(=O)O)SC[C@@H]21 YBJHBAHKTGYVGT-ZKWXMUAHSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 101710132601 Capsid protein Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 208000005623 Carcinogenesis Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 102000016736 Cyclin Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 206010059866 Drug resistance Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 108010037362 Extracellular Matrix Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 102000010834 Extracellular Matrix Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 101000972946 Homo sapiens Hepatocyte growth factor receptor Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 108090000978 Interleukin-4 Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 208000008839 Kidney Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 4
- KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lysine Natural products NCCCCC(N)C(O)=O KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004472 Lysine Substances 0.000 description 4
- 102000043129 MHC class I family Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 102100028389 Melanoma antigen recognized by T-cells 1 Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 108091034117 Oligonucleotide Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 108700020796 Oncogene Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 108010029485 Protein Isoforms Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 102000001708 Protein Isoforms Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 108010089836 Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 102100030086 Receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-2 Human genes 0.000 description 4
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- JLCPHMBAVCMARE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[5-(2-amino-6-oxo-1H-purin-9-yl)-3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[5-(2-amino-6-oxo-1H-purin-9-yl)-3-[[5-(2-amino-6-oxo-1H-purin-9-yl)-3-hydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(5-methyl-2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(5-methyl-2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(4-amino-2-oxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(5-methyl-2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(5-methyl-2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(4-amino-2-oxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(4-amino-2-oxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(4-amino-2-oxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(4-amino-2-oxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methyl [5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl] hydrogen phosphate Polymers Cc1cn(C2CC(OP(O)(=O)OCC3OC(CC3OP(O)(=O)OCC3OC(CC3O)n3cnc4c3nc(N)[nH]c4=O)n3cnc4c3nc(N)[nH]c4=O)C(COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3CO)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)n3ccc(N)nc3=O)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)n3ccc(N)nc3=O)n3ccc(N)nc3=O)n3ccc(N)nc3=O)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)n3cc(C)c(=O)[nH]c3=O)n3cc(C)c(=O)[nH]c3=O)n3ccc(N)nc3=O)n3cc(C)c(=O)[nH]c3=O)n3cnc4c3nc(N)[nH]c4=O)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)O2)c(=O)[nH]c1=O JLCPHMBAVCMARE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 4
- 231100000504 carcinogenesis Toxicity 0.000 description 4
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000002068 genetic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 230000009545 invasion Effects 0.000 description 4
- UWKQSNNFCGGAFS-XIFFEERXSA-N irinotecan Chemical compound C1=C2C(CC)=C3CN(C(C4=C([C@@](C(=O)OC4)(O)CC)C=4)=O)C=4C3=NC2=CC=C1OC(=O)N(CC1)CCC1N1CCCCC1 UWKQSNNFCGGAFS-XIFFEERXSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229960004768 irinotecan Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004005 microsphere Substances 0.000 description 4
- 210000004940 nucleus Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 229940023041 peptide vaccine Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000035755 proliferation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 210000002307 prostate Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- DAEPDZWVDSPTHF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium pyruvate Chemical compound [Na+].CC(=O)C([O-])=O DAEPDZWVDSPTHF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 230000004936 stimulating effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000011269 treatment regimen Methods 0.000 description 4
- 241000701161 unidentified adenovirus Species 0.000 description 4
- 230000003827 upregulation Effects 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 108010077333 CAP1-6D Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 108010078791 Carrier Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 102000001301 EGF receptor Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108060006698 EGF receptor Proteins 0.000 description 3
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 108010074032 HLA-A2 Antigen Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 102000025850 HLA-A2 Antigen Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 102000003745 Hepatocyte Growth Factor Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108090000100 Hepatocyte Growth Factor Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 108010027412 Histocompatibility Antigens Class II Proteins 0.000 description 3
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229940124672 IMA901 Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 108010002586 Interleukin-7 Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 208000034607 Kindler epidermolysis bullosa Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 201000004290 Kindler syndrome Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 102000043131 MHC class II family Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 241000699666 Mus <mouse, genus> Species 0.000 description 3
- 102100038895 Myc proto-oncogene protein Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 101710135898 Myc proto-oncogene protein Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 108700005126 Ornithine decarboxylases Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 206010033128 Ovarian cancer Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 206010061535 Ovarian neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 229930182555 Penicillin Natural products 0.000 description 3
- JGSARLDLIJGVTE-MBNYWOFBSA-N Penicillin G Chemical compound N([C@H]1[C@H]2SC([C@@H](N2C1=O)C(O)=O)(C)C)C(=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 JGSARLDLIJGVTE-MBNYWOFBSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 108010067902 Peptide Library Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 206010038389 Renal cancer Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 230000024932 T cell mediated immunity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 102100033082 TNF receptor-associated factor 3 Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 102000002689 Toll-like receptor Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108020000411 Toll-like receptor Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 101710150448 Transcriptional regulator Myc Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 102000004887 Transforming Growth Factor beta Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108090001012 Transforming Growth Factor beta Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 102000044209 Tumor Suppressor Genes Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108700025716 Tumor Suppressor Genes Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 208000009956 adenocarcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 230000033115 angiogenesis Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005875 antibody response Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000030741 antigen processing and presentation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229960000397 bevacizumab Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 210000000481 breast Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003560 cancer drug Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009400 cancer invasion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000024245 cell differentiation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000010261 cell growth Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000004663 cell proliferation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000036755 cellular response Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007385 chemical modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002759 chromosomal effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 210000000349 chromosome Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 201000010989 colorectal carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000018417 cysteine Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- XUJNEKJLAYXESH-UHFFFAOYSA-N cysteine Natural products SCC(N)C(O)=O XUJNEKJLAYXESH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000003745 diagnosis Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003937 drug carrier Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 210000002889 endothelial cell Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 210000002919 epithelial cell Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 210000002744 extracellular matrix Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 208000002672 hepatitis B Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229960002751 imiquimod Drugs 0.000 description 3
- DOUYETYNHWVLEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N imiquimod Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=C3N(CC(C)C)C=NC3=C(N)N=C21 DOUYETYNHWVLEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 210000002865 immune cell Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 230000001900 immune effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000036039 immunity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000411 inducer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003834 intracellular effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001990 intravenous administration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 201000010982 kidney cancer Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 239000002960 lipid emulsion Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002502 liposome Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004895 liquid chromatography mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002493 microarray Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002773 nucleotide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000003729 nucleotide group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229940049954 penicillin Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 238000010837 poor prognosis Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002062 proliferating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 102000005962 receptors Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108020003175 receptors Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 206010038038 rectal cancer Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000019491 signal transduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000011664 signaling Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229960005322 streptomycin Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 238000007920 subcutaneous administration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008685 targeting Effects 0.000 description 3
- ZRKFYGHZFMAOKI-QMGMOQQFSA-N tgfbeta Chemical compound C([C@H](NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCNC(N)=N)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H]([C@@H](C)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H]([C@@H](C)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCSC)C(C)C)[C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(O)=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 ZRKFYGHZFMAOKI-QMGMOQQFSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000013518 transcription Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000035897 transcription Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 3
- JQWAHKMIYCERGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-nonanoyloxy-3-octadeca-9,12-dienoyloxypropoxy)-[2-(trimethylazaniumyl)ethyl]phosphinate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC(COP([O-])(=O)CC[N+](C)(C)C)COC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CCC=CCCCCC JQWAHKMIYCERGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MTCFGRXMJLQNBG-REOHCLBHSA-N (2S)-2-Amino-3-hydroxypropansäure Chemical compound OC[C@H](N)C(O)=O MTCFGRXMJLQNBG-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 108091032973 (ribonucleotides)n+m Proteins 0.000 description 2
- WEYNBWVKOYCCQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(3-chloro-4-methylphenyl)-3-{2-[({5-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-2-furyl}methyl)thio]ethyl}urea Chemical compound O1C(CN(C)C)=CC=C1CSCCNC(=O)NC1=CC=C(C)C(Cl)=C1 WEYNBWVKOYCCQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NHJVRSWLHSJWIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O NHJVRSWLHSJWIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SNKUSVNHTCUELQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[[4-amino-2-[[2-[[2-[2-[[2-[[2-[[2-[[2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]propanoylamino]-3-carboxypropanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-4-oxobutanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoic aci Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C(O)=O)NC(=O)C(CC(N)=O)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(CC(O)=O)NC(=O)C(C)NC(=O)CNC(=O)C(CO)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(N)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 SNKUSVNHTCUELQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JVJFIQYAHPMBBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-hydroxynonenal Chemical group CCCCCC(O)C=CC=O JVJFIQYAHPMBBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VVIAGPKUTFNRDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6S-folinic acid Natural products C1NC=2NC(N)=NC(=O)C=2N(C=O)C1CNC1=CC=C(C(=O)NC(CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 VVIAGPKUTFNRDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000010507 Adenocarcinoma of Lung Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 206010001233 Adenoma benign Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000004804 Adenomatous Polyps Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 102000005758 Adenosylmethionine decarboxylase Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010070753 Adenosylmethionine decarboxylase Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 101710137115 Adenylyl cyclase-associated protein 1 Proteins 0.000 description 2
- USFZMSVCRYTOJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium acetate Chemical compound N.CC(O)=O USFZMSVCRYTOJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005695 Ammonium acetate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000272478 Aquila Species 0.000 description 2
- 101100284398 Bos taurus BoLA-DQB gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 208000003174 Brain Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 101150025841 CCND1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 210000003359 CD4-positive helper T lymphocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 231100000023 Cell-mediated cytotoxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 206010057250 Cell-mediated cytotoxicity Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 102100025064 Cellular tumor antigen p53 Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 101710098119 Chaperonin GroEL 2 Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 241001227713 Chiron Species 0.000 description 2
- 108010041986 DNA Vaccines Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 230000004543 DNA replication Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229940021995 DNA vaccine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- QSJXEFYPDANLFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diacetyl Chemical compound CC(=O)C(C)=O QSJXEFYPDANLFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000255581 Drosophila <fruit fly, genus> Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000002965 ELISA Methods 0.000 description 2
- 102100031940 Epithelial cell adhesion molecule Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 229930182566 Gentamicin Natural products 0.000 description 2
- CEAZRRDELHUEMR-URQXQFDESA-N Gentamicin Chemical compound O1[C@H](C(C)NC)CC[C@@H](N)[C@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O[C@@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H](NC)[C@@](C)(O)CO2)O)[C@H](N)C[C@@H]1N CEAZRRDELHUEMR-URQXQFDESA-N 0.000 description 2
- DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycine Chemical compound NCC(O)=O DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000027927 Hereditary papillary renal cell carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 101100005713 Homo sapiens CD4 gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 101000721661 Homo sapiens Cellular tumor antigen p53 Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 101000578784 Homo sapiens Melanoma antigen recognized by T-cells 1 Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 101000952113 Homo sapiens Probable ATP-dependent RNA helicase DDX5 Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 206010020751 Hypersensitivity Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 102000008070 Interferon-gamma Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010074328 Interferon-gamma Proteins 0.000 description 2
- AYFVYJQAPQTCCC-GBXIJSLDSA-N L-threonine Chemical compound C[C@@H](O)[C@H](N)C(O)=O AYFVYJQAPQTCCC-GBXIJSLDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 108010010995 MART-1 Antigen Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000000422 Matrix Metalloproteinase 3 Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 102000018697 Membrane Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010052285 Membrane Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 2
- AIJULSRZWUXGPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methylglyoxal Chemical compound CC(=O)C=O AIJULSRZWUXGPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PCLIMKBDDGJMGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-bromosuccinimide Chemical compound BrN1C(=O)CCC1=O PCLIMKBDDGJMGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 206010061309 Neoplasm progression Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 108010055012 Orotidine-5'-phosphate decarboxylase Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 206010035226 Plasma cell myeloma Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 102100037434 Probable ATP-dependent RNA helicase DDX5 Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 206010060862 Prostate cancer Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000000236 Prostatic Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 102000004022 Protein-Tyrosine Kinases Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108090000412 Protein-Tyrosine Kinases Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 208000015634 Rectal Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 2
- MTCFGRXMJLQNBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Serine Natural products OCC(N)C(O)=O MTCFGRXMJLQNBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AYFVYJQAPQTCCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Threonine Natural products CC(O)C(N)C(O)=O AYFVYJQAPQTCCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004473 Threonine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 102000040945 Transcription factor Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108091023040 Transcription factor Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 230000007488 abnormal function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001464 adherent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007815 allergy Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229940043376 ammonium acetate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000019257 ammonium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000005557 antagonist Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005809 anti-tumor immunity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000014102 antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000637 arginyl group Chemical group N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)* 0.000 description 2
- 230000006696 biosynthetic metabolic pathway Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229960002685 biotin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000020958 biotin Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011616 biotin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000004899 c-terminal region Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000021235 carbamoylation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000021164 cell adhesion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004113 cell culture Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000022131 cell cycle Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000032823 cell division Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000010307 cell transformation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005890 cell-mediated cytotoxicity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005754 cellular signaling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229960005395 cetuximab Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011342 chemoimmunotherapy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003776 cleavage reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001360 collision-induced dissociation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 201000010897 colon adenocarcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 210000004922 colonic epithelial cell Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 229940000425 combination drug Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003013 cytotoxicity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 231100000135 cytotoxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 229940029030 dendritic cell vaccine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000005911 diet Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000037213 diet Effects 0.000 description 2
- XEYBRNLFEZDVAW-ARSRFYASSA-N dinoprostone Chemical compound CCCCC[C@H](O)\C=C\[C@H]1[C@H](O)CC(=O)[C@@H]1C\C=C/CCCC(O)=O XEYBRNLFEZDVAW-ARSRFYASSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- OQALFHMKVSJFRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N dityrosine Chemical compound OC(=O)C(N)CC1=CC=C(O)C(C=2C(=CC=C(CC(N)C(O)=O)C=2)O)=C1 OQALFHMKVSJFRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003596 drug target Substances 0.000 description 2
- VLCYCQAOQCDTCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N eflornithine Chemical compound NCCCC(N)(C(F)F)C(O)=O VLCYCQAOQCDTCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010195 expression analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- VVIAGPKUTFNRDU-ABLWVSNPSA-N folinic acid Chemical compound C1NC=2NC(N)=NC(=O)C=2N(C=O)C1CNC1=CC=C(C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 VVIAGPKUTFNRDU-ABLWVSNPSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000008191 folinic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011672 folinic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000001035 gastrointestinal tract Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000001415 gene therapy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 102000054766 genetic haplotypes Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 229960002518 gentamicin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000291 glutamic acid group Chemical group N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)* 0.000 description 2
- 208000006454 hepatitis Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 231100000283 hepatitis Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- HNDVDQJCIGZPNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N histidine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CC1=CN=CN1 HNDVDQJCIGZPNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001165 hydrophobic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000036737 immune function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000037451 immune surveillance Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006058 immune tolerance Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003018 immunoassay Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007901 in situ hybridization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010874 in vitro model Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001802 infusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229960003130 interferon gamma Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000007918 intramuscular administration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010255 intramuscular injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007927 intramuscular injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- PGLTVOMIXTUURA-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodoacetamide Chemical compound NC(=O)CI PGLTVOMIXTUURA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004255 ion exchange chromatography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 108010045069 keyhole-limpet hemocyanin Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 229960001691 leucovorin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000001294 liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004777 loss-of-function mutation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 208000020816 lung neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003211 malignant effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011859 microparticle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000004877 mucosa Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229960001756 oxaliplatin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- DWAFYCQODLXJNR-BNTLRKBRSA-L oxaliplatin Chemical compound O1C(=O)C(=O)O[Pt]11N[C@@H]2CCCC[C@H]2N1 DWAFYCQODLXJNR-BNTLRKBRSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000000825 pharmaceutical preparation Substances 0.000 description 2
- OJUGVDODNPJEEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylglyoxal Chemical compound O=CC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 OJUGVDODNPJEEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000003389 potentiating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001023 pro-angiogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004393 prognosis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009145 protein modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000017854 proteolysis Effects 0.000 description 2
- KIDHWZJUCRJVML-UHFFFAOYSA-N putrescine Chemical compound NCCCCN KIDHWZJUCRJVML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003642 reactive oxygen metabolite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 201000001275 rectum cancer Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000022983 regulation of cell cycle Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000010076 replication Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229950010550 resiquimod Drugs 0.000 description 2
- BXNMTOQRYBFHNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N resiquimod Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=C(N(C(COCC)=N3)CC(C)(C)O)C3=C(N)N=C21 BXNMTOQRYBFHNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004007 reversed phase HPLC Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007017 scission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 2
- BNRNXUUZRGQAQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N sildenafil Chemical compound CCCC1=NN(C)C(C(N2)=O)=C1N=C2C(C(=CC=1)OCC)=CC=1S(=O)(=O)N1CCN(C)CC1 BNRNXUUZRGQAQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229940054269 sodium pyruvate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000010532 solid phase synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 2
- 108091007196 stromelysin Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 238000010254 subcutaneous injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007929 subcutaneous injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001356 surgical procedure Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000005931 tert-butyloxycarbonyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(OC(*)=O)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 238000002560 therapeutic procedure Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical group [H]S* 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005945 translocation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 108010060175 trypsinogen activation peptide Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 230000004614 tumor growth Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005751 tumor progression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000037455 tumor specific immune response Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000004291 uterus Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 229940125575 vaccine candidate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000010200 validation analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 2
- KIUKXJAPPMFGSW-DNGZLQJQSA-N (2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-Acetamido-2-[(2S,3S,4R,5R,6R)-6-[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-acetamido-2,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]oxy-2-carboxy-4,5-dihydroxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound CC(=O)N[C@H]1[C@H](O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H](O[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O3)C(O)=O)O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O2)NC(C)=O)[C@@H](C(O)=O)O1 KIUKXJAPPMFGSW-DNGZLQJQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AOFUBOWZWQFQJU-SNOJBQEQSA-N (2r,3s,4s,5r)-2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)oxolane-2,3,4-triol;(2s,3r,4s,5s,6r)-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-2,3,4,5-tetrol Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@](O)(CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O.OC[C@H]1O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O AOFUBOWZWQFQJU-SNOJBQEQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GUPWCWUFAFXFQN-REOHCLBHSA-N (2s)-2-(sulfoamino)propanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](C)NS(O)(=O)=O GUPWCWUFAFXFQN-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YXTKHLHCVFUPPT-YYFJYKOTSA-N (2s)-2-[[4-[(2-amino-5-formyl-4-oxo-1,6,7,8-tetrahydropteridin-6-yl)methylamino]benzoyl]amino]pentanedioic acid;(1r,2r)-1,2-dimethanidylcyclohexane;5-fluoro-1h-pyrimidine-2,4-dione;oxalic acid;platinum(2+) Chemical compound [Pt+2].OC(=O)C(O)=O.[CH2-][C@@H]1CCCC[C@H]1[CH2-].FC1=CNC(=O)NC1=O.C1NC=2NC(N)=NC(=O)C=2N(C=O)C1CNC1=CC=C(C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 YXTKHLHCVFUPPT-YYFJYKOTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYGDTMLNYKFZSV-URKRLVJHSA-N (2s,3r,4s,5s,6r)-2-[(2r,4r,5r,6s)-4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[(2r,4r,5r,6s)-4,5,6-trihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1OC1[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H](OC2[C@H](O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]2O)CO)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O FYGDTMLNYKFZSV-URKRLVJHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MZOFCQQQCNRIBI-VMXHOPILSA-N (3s)-4-[[(2s)-1-[[(2s)-1-[[(1s)-1-carboxy-2-hydroxyethyl]amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-3-[[2-[[(2s)-2,6-diaminohexanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-4-oxobutanoic acid Chemical compound OC[C@@H](C(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCN=C(N)N)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(O)=O)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCCCN MZOFCQQQCNRIBI-VMXHOPILSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DMQYDVBIPXAAJA-VHXPQNKSSA-N (3z)-5-[(1-ethylpiperidin-4-yl)amino]-3-[(3-fluorophenyl)-(5-methyl-1h-imidazol-2-yl)methylidene]-1h-indol-2-one Chemical compound C1CN(CC)CCC1NC1=CC=C(NC(=O)\C2=C(/C=3NC=C(C)N=3)C=3C=C(F)C=CC=3)C2=C1 DMQYDVBIPXAAJA-VHXPQNKSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- POVNCJSPYFCWJR-USZUGGBUSA-N (4s)-4-[[(2s)-2-[[(2s)-2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-5-[(2s)-2-[[2-[(2s)-2-[[(2s)-1-[[(2s,3r)-1-[[(1s)-1-carboxy-2-methylpropyl]amino]-3-hydroxy-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]carbamoyl]pyrrolidin-1- Chemical compound C([C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(=O)NCC(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(O)=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 POVNCJSPYFCWJR-USZUGGBUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003088 (fluoren-9-ylmethoxy)carbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- HNSDLXPSAYFUHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)CC(S(O)(=O)=O)C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC HNSDLXPSAYFUHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LMDZBCPBFSXMTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide Chemical compound CCN=C=NCCCN(C)C LMDZBCPBFSXMTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KFDPCYZHENQOBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(bromomethyl)-4-nitrophenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1CBr KFDPCYZHENQOBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JKMHFZQWWAIEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]ethanesulfonic acid Chemical compound OCC[NH+]1CCN(CCS([O-])(=O)=O)CC1 JKMHFZQWWAIEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IOJUJUOXKXMJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-acetyloxybenzoic acid [3-(nitrooxymethyl)phenyl] ester Chemical compound CC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OC1=CC=CC(CO[N+]([O-])=O)=C1 IOJUJUOXKXMJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IZQAUUVBKYXMET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-bromoethanamine Chemical compound NCCBr IZQAUUVBKYXMET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-{[3,4-dihydroxy-2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy}-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol Chemical compound OCC1OC(CO)(OC2OC(CO)C(O)C(O)C2O)C(O)C1O CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MWOOKDULMBMMPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(2-ethyl-1,2-oxazol-2-ium-5-yl)benzenesulfonate Chemical compound O1[N+](CC)=CC=C1C1=CC=CC(S([O-])(=O)=O)=C1 MWOOKDULMBMMPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LJGHYPLBDBRCRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(3-aminophenyl)sulfonylaniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC(S(=O)(=O)C=2C=C(N)C=CC=2)=C1 LJGHYPLBDBRCRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XXJWYDDUDKYVKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[(4-fluoro-2-methyl-1H-indol-5-yl)oxy]-6-methoxy-7-[3-(1-pyrrolidinyl)propoxy]quinazoline Chemical compound COC1=CC2=C(OC=3C(=C4C=C(C)NC4=CC=3)F)N=CN=C2C=C1OCCCN1CCCC1 XXJWYDDUDKYVKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AYXZIZMZXAORLO-UFLZEWODSA-N 5-[(3as,4s,6ar)-2-oxo-1,3,3a,4,6,6a-hexahydrothieno[3,4-d]imidazol-4-yl]pentanoic acid;1-hydroxypyrrolidine-2,5-dione Chemical compound ON1C(=O)CCC1=O.N1C(=O)N[C@@H]2[C@H](CCCCC(=O)O)SC[C@@H]21 AYXZIZMZXAORLO-UFLZEWODSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 102000007469 Actins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010085238 Actins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000000230 African Trypanosomiasis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229940122450 Altered peptide ligand Drugs 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010061424 Anal cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108020000948 Antisense Oligonucleotides Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108020005544 Antisense RNA Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000007860 Anus Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010003694 Atrophy Diseases 0.000 description 1
- MLDQJTXFUGDVEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N BAY-43-9006 Chemical compound C1=NC(C(=O)NC)=CC(OC=2C=CC(NC(=O)NC=3C=C(C(Cl)=CC=3)C(F)(F)F)=CC=2)=C1 MLDQJTXFUGDVEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BXTVQNYQYUTQAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N BNPS-skatole Chemical compound N=1C2=CC=CC=C2C(C)(Br)C=1SC1=CC=CC=C1[N+]([O-])=O BXTVQNYQYUTQAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108020000946 Bacterial DNA Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108020004513 Bacterial RNA Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100027314 Beta-2-microglobulin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 229920002498 Beta-glucan Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 206010005949 Bone cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000018084 Bone neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 101100263837 Bovine ephemeral fever virus (strain BB7721) beta gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 210000004366 CD4-positive T-lymphocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000001239 CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T lymphocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 101100314454 Caenorhabditis elegans tra-1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101710190849 Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 5 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010007269 Carcinogenicity Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108090000994 Catalytic RNA Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000053642 Catalytic RNA Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102000016289 Cell Adhesion Molecules Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010067225 Cell Adhesion Molecules Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010008342 Cervix carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 108091060290 Chromatid Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000017667 Chronic Disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108020004638 Circular DNA Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010055114 Colon cancer metastatic Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102000007644 Colony-Stimulating Factors Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010071942 Colony-Stimulating Factors Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010052358 Colorectal cancer metastatic Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108020004635 Complementary DNA Proteins 0.000 description 1
- JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cu2+ Chemical compound [Cu+2] JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000002431 Cyclin G Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000404 Cyclin G1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010025464 Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010025468 Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 6 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100036252 Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100026804 Cyclin-dependent kinase 6 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- CMSMOCZEIVJLDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclophosphamide Chemical compound ClCCN(CCCl)P1(=O)NCCCO1 CMSMOCZEIVJLDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101150114125 D1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- YVGGHNCTFXOJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N DDT Chemical compound C1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1C(C(Cl)(Cl)Cl)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 YVGGHNCTFXOJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000053602 DNA Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102000007528 DNA Polymerase III Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010071146 DNA Polymerase III Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000003915 DNA Topoisomerases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000323 DNA Topoisomerases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000004544 DNA amplification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005778 DNA damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000277 DNA damage Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229940124087 DNA topoisomerase II inhibitor Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000004568 DNA-binding Effects 0.000 description 1
- 102210012665 DRB1*03 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102210012675 DRB1*15 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101150034979 DRB3 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101150082328 DRB5 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000702421 Dependoparvovirus Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010012434 Dermatitis allergic Diseases 0.000 description 1
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000001976 Endocrine Gland Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102100027723 Endogenous retrovirus group K member 6 Rec protein Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102400001047 Endostatin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010079505 Endostatins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101710153170 Endothelial cell-specific molecule 1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100021860 Endothelial cell-specific molecule 1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 208000004232 Enteritis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 101100316840 Enterobacteria phage P4 Beta gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101710091045 Envelope protein Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010066687 Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010016654 Fibrosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 244000182067 Fraxinus ornus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000002917 Fraxinus ornus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000010190 G1 phase Effects 0.000 description 1
- 102100030708 GTPase KRas Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101710113436 GTPase KRas Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000018522 Gastrointestinal disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010017993 Gastrointestinal neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010051066 Gastrointestinal stromal tumour Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010064571 Gene mutation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102100041003 Glutamate carboxypeptidase 2 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- SXRSQZLOMIGNAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glutaraldehyde Chemical compound O=CCCCC=O SXRSQZLOMIGNAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004471 Glycine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102100028976 HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100028971 HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, C alpha chain Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100028640 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DR beta 5 chain Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010058607 HLA-B Antigens Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010052199 HLA-C Antigens Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010016996 HLA-DRB5 Chains Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100031573 Hematopoietic progenitor cell antigen CD34 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100021866 Hepatocyte growth factor Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 206010067943 Hereditary papillary renal carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108010088652 Histocompatibility Antigens Class I Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000017604 Hodgkin disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000021519 Hodgkin lymphoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000010747 Hodgkins lymphoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 101000914324 Homo sapiens Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 5 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000801505 Homo sapiens DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000920667 Homo sapiens Epithelial cell adhesion molecule Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000892862 Homo sapiens Glutamate carboxypeptidase 2 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000777663 Homo sapiens Hematopoietic progenitor cell antigen CD34 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101001133081 Homo sapiens Mucin-2 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000972284 Homo sapiens Mucin-3A Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101001100327 Homo sapiens RNA-binding protein 45 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000914514 Homo sapiens T-cell-specific surface glycoprotein CD28 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000669402 Homo sapiens Toll-like receptor 7 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000800483 Homo sapiens Toll-like receptor 8 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010061218 Inflammation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108010002352 Interleukin-1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108091092195 Intron Proteins 0.000 description 1
- ZSBXGIUJOOQZMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isomatrine Natural products C1CCC2CN3C(=O)CCCC3C3C2N1CCC3 ZSBXGIUJOOQZMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000007766 Kaposi sarcoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- AHLPHDHHMVZTML-BYPYZUCNSA-N L-Ornithine Chemical compound NCCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O AHLPHDHHMVZTML-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ONIBWKKTOPOVIA-BYPYZUCNSA-N L-Proline Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H]1CCCN1 ONIBWKKTOPOVIA-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QIVBCDIJIAJPQS-VIFPVBQESA-N L-tryptophane Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C[C@H](N)C(O)=O)=CNC2=C1 QIVBCDIJIAJPQS-VIFPVBQESA-N 0.000 description 1
- OUYCCCASQSFEME-QMMMGPOBSA-N L-tyrosine Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 OUYCCCASQSFEME-QMMMGPOBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005511 L01XE05 - Sorafenib Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003798 L01XE11 - Pazopanib Substances 0.000 description 1
- 206010058467 Lung neoplasm malignant Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108090001093 Lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100022699 Lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 206010025323 Lymphomas Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108091054455 MAP kinase family Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000043136 MAP kinase family Human genes 0.000 description 1
- PEEHTFAAVSWFBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Maleimide Chemical compound O=C1NC(=O)C=C1 PEEHTFAAVSWFBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000124008 Mammalia Species 0.000 description 1
- NLSTZAFFNDSJGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Matrin Natural products O=C1CCCN2CC3CCNC4CCCC(C34)C12 NLSTZAFFNDSJGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000000424 Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010016165 Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000003735 Mesothelin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000015 Mesothelin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000003445 Mouth Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102100022497 Mucin-3A Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 208000034578 Multiple myelomas Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000699660 Mus musculus Species 0.000 description 1
- 108010021466 Mutant Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000008300 Mutant Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- VIHYIVKEECZGOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-acetylimidazole Chemical compound CC(=O)N1C=CN=C1 VIHYIVKEECZGOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010084333 N-palmitoyl-S-(2,3-bis(palmitoyloxy)propyl)cysteinyl-seryl-lysyl-lysyl-lysyl-lysine Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004019 NADPH Oxidase 1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000424 NADPH Oxidase 1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004722 NADPH Oxidases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010002998 NADPH Oxidases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000003945 NF-kappa B Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010057466 NF-kappa B Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101150036847 NOX1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101150031836 NRCAM gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108091061960 Naked DNA Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000048850 Neoplasm Genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108700019961 Neoplasm Genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000015914 Non-Hodgkin lymphomas Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000000636 Northern blotting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 108091028043 Nucleic acid sequence Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000015636 Oligopeptides Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010038807 Oligopeptides Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000043276 Oncogene Human genes 0.000 description 1
- AHLPHDHHMVZTML-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orn-delta-NH2 Natural products NCCCC(N)C(O)=O AHLPHDHHMVZTML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UTJLXEIPEHZYQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ornithine Natural products OC(=O)C(C)CCCN UTJLXEIPEHZYQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101100278514 Oryza sativa subsp. japonica DRB2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101100117569 Oryza sativa subsp. japonica DRB6 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004316 Oxidoreductases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000854 Oxidoreductases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000009565 Pharyngeal Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010034811 Pharyngeal cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108091000080 Phosphotransferase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010034960 Photophobia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108010047620 Phytohemagglutinins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000037062 Polyps Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- ONIBWKKTOPOVIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Proline Natural products OC(=O)C1CCCN1 ONIBWKKTOPOVIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101710188315 Protein X Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000052575 Proto-Oncogene Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108700020978 Proto-Oncogene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000005700 Putrescine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004570 RNA-binding Effects 0.000 description 1
- 102100038823 RNA-binding protein 45 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 230000018199 S phase Effects 0.000 description 1
- 102000014105 Semaphorin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108050003978 Semaphorin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000000453 Skin Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010041067 Small cell lung cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 208000032383 Soft tissue cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000005718 Stomach Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108010090804 Streptavidin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- OUUQCZGPVNCOIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Superoxide Chemical compound [O-][O] OUUQCZGPVNCOIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 101000972274 Sus scrofa Apomucin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000006044 T cell activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 102100027213 T-cell-specific surface glycoprotein CD28 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 210000000662 T-lymphocyte subset Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000000173 T-lymphoid precursor cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 108010017842 Telomerase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- NYTOUQBROMCLBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetranitromethane Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C([N+]([O-])=O)([N+]([O-])=O)[N+]([O-])=O NYTOUQBROMCLBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYYWUUFWQRZTIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophosphoric acid Chemical group OP(O)(S)=O RYYWUUFWQRZTIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000024770 Thyroid neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102100039390 Toll-like receptor 7 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100033110 Toll-like receptor 8 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101150107801 Top2a gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000000317 Topoisomerase II Inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108091006051 Tpr-met fusion proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000009618 Transforming Growth Factors Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010009583 Transforming Growth Factors Proteins 0.000 description 1
- QIVBCDIJIAJPQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tryptophan Natural products C1=CC=C2C(CC(N)C(O)=O)=CNC2=C1 QIVBCDIJIAJPQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108060008682 Tumor Necrosis Factor Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000000852 Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 206010064390 Tumour invasion Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102100039094 Tyrosinase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108060008724 Tyrosinase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010046431 Urethral cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010046458 Urethral neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000007097 Urinary Bladder Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000006105 Uterine Cervical Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000700618 Vaccinia virus Species 0.000 description 1
- SECKRCOLJRRGGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vardenafil Chemical compound CCCC1=NC(C)=C(C(N=2)=O)N1NC=2C(C(=CC=1)OCC)=CC=1S(=O)(=O)N1CCN(CC)CC1 SECKRCOLJRRGGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000005789 Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010019530 Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010047642 Vitiligo Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 240000006365 Vitis vinifera Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010047741 Vulval cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000004354 Vulvar Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102000036859 Zinc-dependent proteases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108091006973 Zinc-dependent proteases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 125000002777 acetyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 238000005903 acid hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010306 acid treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010933 acylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005917 acylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003044 adaptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000037842 advanced-stage tumor Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000011543 agarose gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013566 allergen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 101150087698 alpha gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229940037003 alum Drugs 0.000 description 1
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical class [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004037 angiogenesis inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940045799 anthracyclines and related substance Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000009949 anti-apoptotic pathway Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003466 anti-cipated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000692 anti-sense effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006023 anti-tumor response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008349 antigen-specific humoral response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000074 antisense oligonucleotide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012230 antisense oligonucleotides Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000011165 anus cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000012062 aqueous buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008365 aqueous carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000037444 atrophy Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003305 autocrine Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001363 autoimmune Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005784 autoimmunity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940120638 avastin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002469 basement membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000013489 benign neoplasm of large intestine Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 125000001584 benzyloxycarbonyl group Chemical group C(=O)(OCC1=CC=CC=C1)* 0.000 description 1
- 108010081355 beta 2-Microglobulin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960000074 biopharmaceutical Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000001574 biopsy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006287 biotinylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007413 biotinylation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010804 cDNA synthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005251 capillar electrophoresis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000000234 capsid Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 231100000260 carcinogenicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000007670 carcinogenicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920006317 cationic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229960002412 cediranib Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940047495 celebrex Drugs 0.000 description 1
- RZEKVGVHFLEQIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N celecoxib Chemical compound C1=CC(C)=CC=C1C1=CC(C(F)(F)F)=NN1C1=CC=C(S(N)(=O)=O)C=C1 RZEKVGVHFLEQIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000020411 cell activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006143 cell culture medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000025084 cell cycle arrest Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006369 cell cycle progression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004709 cell invasion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000022534 cell killing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000170 cell membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000012292 cell migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009087 cell motility Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005859 cell recognition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002659 cell therapy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940030156 cell vaccine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000002421 cell wall Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007969 cellular immunity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033077 cellular process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000007455 central nervous system cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000010881 cervical cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002738 chelating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- SQQXRXKYTKFFSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N chembl1992147 Chemical compound OC1=C(OC)C(OC)=CC=C1C1=C(C)C(C(O)=O)=NC(C=2N=C3C4=NC(C)(C)N=C4C(OC)=C(O)C3=CC=2)=C1N SQQXRXKYTKFFSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003636 chemical group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000002512 chemotherapy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940044683 chemotherapy drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000009104 chemotherapy regimen Methods 0.000 description 1
- VDQQXEISLMTGAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloramine T Chemical compound [Na+].CC1=CC=C(S(=O)(=O)[N-]Cl)C=C1 VDQQXEISLMTGAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003841 chloride salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 210000004756 chromatid Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007882 cirrhosis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000019425 cirrhosis of liver Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000004186 co-expression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940047120 colony stimulating factors Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000004732 colorectal carcinogenesis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009096 combination chemotherapy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003184 complementary RNA Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001431 copper ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006071 cream Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLJMAIOERFSOGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M cyanate Chemical compound [O-]C#N XLJMAIOERFSOGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ATDGTVJJHBUTRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyanogen bromide Chemical compound BrC#N ATDGTVJJHBUTRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960004397 cyclophosphamide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000004292 cytoskeleton Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000002784 cytotoxicity assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000263 cytotoxicity test Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 125000001295 dansyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(N(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H])=C2C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C(C2=C1[H])S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 1
- 230000034994 death Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000022811 deglycosylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004041 dendritic cell maturation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 108010017271 denileukin diftitox Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000011033 desalting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008121 dextrose Substances 0.000 description 1
- FFYPMLJYZAEMQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl pyrocarbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC(=O)OCC FFYPMLJYZAEMQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000010643 digestive system disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002986 dinoprostone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000002019 disulfides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003828 downregulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000890 drug combination Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007876 drug discovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960002759 eflornithine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000001962 electrophoresis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001437 electrospray ionisation time-of-flight quadrupole detection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 201000011523 endocrine gland cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000012202 endocytosis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000029578 entry into host Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002255 enzymatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000005175 epidermal keratinocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000000981 epithelium Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229940082789 erbitux Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940011871 estrogen Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000262 estrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000024519 eye neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000005306 familial renal papillary carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000010265 fast atom bombardment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008175 fetal development Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000021197 fiber intake Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001943 fluorescence-activated cell sorting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000001650 focal adhesion Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- JYEFSHLLTQIXIO-SMNQTINBSA-N folfiri regimen Chemical compound FC1=CNC(=O)NC1=O.C1NC=2NC(N)=NC(=O)C=2N(C=O)C1CNC1=CC=C(C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1.C1=C2C(CC)=C3CN(C(C4=C([C@@](C(=O)OC4)(O)CC)C=4)=O)C=4C3=NC2=CC=C1OC(=O)N(CC1)CCC1N1CCCCC1 JYEFSHLLTQIXIO-SMNQTINBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000013467 fragmentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006062 fragmentation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003205 fragrance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004108 freeze drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000012055 fruits and vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000005350 fused silica glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 206010017758 gastric cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000011243 gastrointestinal stromal tumor Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000018685 gastrointestinal system disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000004602 germ cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003102 growth factor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002008 hemorrhagic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000487 histidyl group Chemical group [H]N([H])C(C(=O)O*)C([H])([H])C1=C([H])N([H])C([H])=N1 0.000 description 1
- 230000005571 horizontal transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940088597 hormone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000005556 hormone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000029080 human African trypanosomiasis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102000046688 human TOP2A Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 210000005260 human cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000004727 humoral immunity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002674 hyaluronan Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229960003160 hyaluronic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000017 hydrogel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004191 hydrophobic interaction chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003405 ileum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940124669 imidazoquinoline Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000007124 immune defense Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003119 immunoblot Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002998 immunogenetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000016784 immunoglobulin production Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002991 immunohistochemical analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011532 immunohistochemical staining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003364 immunohistochemistry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000568 immunological adjuvant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002955 immunomodulating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002584 immunomodulator Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940121354 immunomodulator Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000001114 immunoprecipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002757 inflammatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004054 inflammatory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 102000006495 integrins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010044426 integrins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007912 intraperitoneal administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007928 intraperitoneal injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002601 intratumoral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010253 intravenous injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- JDNTWHVOXJZDSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodoacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CI JDNTWHVOXJZDSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- PGHMRUGBZOYCAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ionomycin Natural products O1C(CC(O)C(C)C(O)C(C)C=CCC(C)CC(C)C(O)=CC(=O)C(C)CC(C)CC(CCC(O)=O)C)CCC1(C)C1OC(C)(C(C)O)CC1 PGHMRUGBZOYCAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PGHMRUGBZOYCAA-ADZNBVRBSA-N ionomycin Chemical compound O1[C@H](C[C@H](O)[C@H](C)[C@H](O)[C@H](C)/C=C/C[C@@H](C)C[C@@H](C)C(/O)=C/C(=O)[C@@H](C)C[C@@H](C)C[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C)CC[C@@]1(C)[C@@H]1O[C@](C)([C@@H](C)O)CC1 PGHMRUGBZOYCAA-ADZNBVRBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960005386 ipilimumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000013038 irreversible inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002147 killing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012933 kinetic analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003902 lesion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000518 lethal Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001665 lethal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000225 lethality Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000021633 leukocyte mediated immunity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000013469 light sensitivity Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000012987 lip and oral cavity carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000013332 literature search Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000004185 liver Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 201000007270 liver cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000019423 liver disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000014018 liver neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004072 lung Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 201000005249 lung adenocarcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000005202 lung cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000003563 lymphoid tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000012931 lyophilized formulation Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003588 lysine group Chemical group [H]N([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(N([H])[H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 210000002540 macrophage Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000002826 magnetic-activated cell sorting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000005001 male reproductive tract Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 208000029559 malignant endocrine neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000004962 mammalian cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000000873 masking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000816 matrix-assisted laser desorption--ionisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035800 maturation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000021274 meat intake Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000010534 mechanism of action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010197 meta-analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004060 metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000037819 metastatic cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000011645 metastatic carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000011575 metastatic malignant neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 125000001360 methionine group Chemical group N[C@@H](CCSC)C(=O)* 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003226 mitogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000394 mitotic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010369 molecular cloning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000005087 mononuclear cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229940035032 monophosphoryl lipid a Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000004899 motility Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003097 mucus Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229940035036 multi-peptide vaccine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 231100000219 mutagenic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003505 mutagenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000000050 myeloid neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930014626 natural product Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 230000014399 negative regulation of angiogenesis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002232 neuromuscular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004967 non-hematopoietic stem cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 208000002154 non-small cell lung carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000002414 normal-phase solid-phase extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005937 nuclear translocation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000269 nucleophilic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011580 nude mouse model Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 201000008106 ocular cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000002575 ocular melanoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229920001542 oligosaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000002482 oligosaccharides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 231100000590 oncogenic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002246 oncogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011275 oncology therapy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 108091008819 oncoproteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229940100027 ontak Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960003104 ornithine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000002611 ovarian Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005022 packaging material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 201000010279 papillary renal cell carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 235000016236 parenteral nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000007170 pathology Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960000639 pazopanib Drugs 0.000 description 1
- CUIHSIWYWATEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N pazopanib Chemical compound C1=CC2=C(C)N(C)N=C2C=C1N(C)C(N=1)=CC=NC=1NC1=CC=C(C)C(S(N)(=O)=O)=C1 CUIHSIWYWATEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010647 peptide synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000816 peptidomimetic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940124531 pharmaceutical excipient Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000000144 pharmacologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- UYWQUFXKFGHYNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylmethyl ester of formic acid Natural products O=COCC1=CC=CC=C1 UYWQUFXKFGHYNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000026731 phosphorylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006366 phosphorylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 102000020233 phosphotransferase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 230000035479 physiological effects, processes and functions Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001885 phytohemagglutinin Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013612 plasmid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001481 poly(stearyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000671 polyethylene glycol diacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940115272 polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 102000054765 polymorphisms of proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001323 posttranslational effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- GKKCIDNWFBPDBW-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium cyanate Chemical compound [K]OC#N GKKCIDNWFBPDBW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000003449 preventive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 108010067415 progelatinase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000037821 progressive disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000069 prophylactic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XEYBRNLFEZDVAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N prostaglandin E2 Natural products CCCCCC(O)C=CC1C(O)CC(=O)C1CC=CCCCC(O)=O XEYBRNLFEZDVAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010031970 prostasin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000002797 proteolythic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006337 proteolytic cleavage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005180 public health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000941 radioactive substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102000016914 ras Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010014186 ras Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000003753 real-time PCR Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000020615 rectal carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000000306 recurrent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000020989 red meat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005932 reductive alkylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003289 regulatory T cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000002345 respiratory system Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001177 retroviral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004366 reverse phase liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003705 ribosome Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 108091092562 ribozyme Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229930182490 saponin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000007949 saponins Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000017709 saponins Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012163 sequencing technique Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001568 sexual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960003310 sildenafil Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000009097 single-agent therapy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001542 size-exclusion chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940074386 skatole Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000022379 skeletal muscle tissue development Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000017520 skin disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000002612 sleeping sickness Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000000587 small cell lung carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 150000003384 small molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960003787 sorafenib Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011272 standard treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008174 sterile solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 201000011549 stomach cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000002536 stromal cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000002198 surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009885 systemic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960000835 tadalafil Drugs 0.000 description 1
- IEHKWSGCTWLXFU-IIBYNOLFSA-N tadalafil Chemical compound C1=C2OCOC2=CC([C@@H]2C3=C([C]4C=CC=CC4=N3)C[C@H]3N2C(=O)CN(C3=O)C)=C1 IEHKWSGCTWLXFU-IIBYNOLFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002381 testicular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001550 testis Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229960000814 tetanus toxoid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940124597 therapeutic agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000011285 therapeutic regimen Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940021747 therapeutic vaccine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000004809 thin layer chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000002510 thyroid cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000007838 tissue remodeling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000699 topical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003053 toxin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000765 toxin Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 108700012359 toxins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000002103 transcriptional effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002463 transducing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013519 translation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229950007217 tremelimumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000013638 trimer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000439 tumor marker Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000029729 tumor suppressor gene on chromosome 11 Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 description 1
- OUYCCCASQSFEME-UHFFFAOYSA-N tyrosine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 OUYCCCASQSFEME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001493 tyrosinyl group Chemical group [H]OC1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])C([H])(N([H])[H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 238000000108 ultra-filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241001529453 unidentified herpesvirus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001430294 unidentified retrovirus Species 0.000 description 1
- 210000003932 urinary bladder Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000012646 vaccine adjuvant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940124931 vaccine adjuvant Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 206010046885 vaginal cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000013139 vaginal neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229940111506 vaniqa Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960002381 vardenafil Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000002792 vascular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009790 vascular invasion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004509 vascular smooth muscle cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000005570 vertical transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013603 viral vector Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000002845 virion Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000277 virosome Substances 0.000 description 1
- 201000005102 vulva cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003442 weekly effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- VLCYCQAOQCDTCN-ZCFIWIBFSA-N α-difluoromethylornithine Chemical compound NCCC[C@@](N)(C(F)F)C(O)=O VLCYCQAOQCDTCN-ZCFIWIBFSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K39/0005—Vertebrate antigens
- A61K39/0011—Cancer antigens
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
- A61K38/16—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- A61K38/17—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- A61K38/19—Cytokines; Lymphokines; Interferons
- A61K38/193—Colony stimulating factors [CSF]
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K40/00—Cellular immunotherapy
- A61K40/10—Cellular immunotherapy characterised by the cell type used
- A61K40/11—T-cells, e.g. tumour infiltrating lymphocytes [TIL] or regulatory T [Treg] cells; Lymphokine-activated killer [LAK] cells
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K40/00—Cellular immunotherapy
- A61K40/10—Cellular immunotherapy characterised by the cell type used
- A61K40/19—Dendritic cells
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K40/00—Cellular immunotherapy
- A61K40/20—Cellular immunotherapy characterised by the effect or the function of the cells
- A61K40/24—Antigen-presenting cells [APC]
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K40/00—Cellular immunotherapy
- A61K40/40—Cellular immunotherapy characterised by antigens that are targeted or presented by cells of the immune system
- A61K40/41—Vertebrate antigens
- A61K40/42—Cancer antigens
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K40/00—Cellular immunotherapy
- A61K40/40—Cellular immunotherapy characterised by antigens that are targeted or presented by cells of the immune system
- A61K40/41—Vertebrate antigens
- A61K40/42—Cancer antigens
- A61K40/4264—Cancer antigens from embryonic or fetal origin
- A61K40/4266—Carcinoembryonic antigen [CEA]
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K45/00—Medicinal preparations containing active ingredients not provided for in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
- A61K45/06—Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. antiphlogistics and cardiaca
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
- A61P35/02—Antineoplastic agents specific for leukemia
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
- A61P37/02—Immunomodulators
- A61P37/04—Immunostimulants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- C07K14/46—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates
- C07K14/47—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates from mammals
- C07K14/4701—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates from mammals not used
- C07K14/4748—Tumour specific antigens; Tumour rejection antigen precursors [TRAP], e.g. MAGE
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K2039/51—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies comprising whole cells, viruses or DNA/RNA
- A61K2039/53—DNA (RNA) vaccination
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K2039/57—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies characterised by the type of response, e.g. Th1, Th2
- A61K2039/572—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies characterised by the type of response, e.g. Th1, Th2 cytotoxic response
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Gastroenterology & Hepatology (AREA)
- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Oncology (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
- Peptides Or Proteins (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Antibodies Or Antigens For Use As Internal Diagnostic Agents (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及免疫治疗肽及其在免疫疗法,特别是癌症免疫疗法中的用途。本发明披露了单独形式的或与其他肿瘤相关肽(刺激抗肿瘤免疫反应疫苗化合物的活性药物成分)组合形式的肿瘤相关T辅助细胞肽表位。特别是本发明的肽组合物可用于引发结直肠癌抗肿瘤免疫反应的疫苗化合物。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及免疫治疗肽及其在免疫疗法,特别是癌症免疫疗法中的用途。本发明披露了单独形式的或与其他肿瘤相关肽(刺激抗肿瘤免疫反应疫苗化合物的活性药物成分)组合形式的肿瘤相关T辅助细胞肽表位。特别是本发明的肽组合物可用于引发结直肠癌抗肿瘤免疫反应的疫苗化合物。
为了本发明之目的,以下所有引用文献均以其参考文献的完整形式并入本文。
背景技术
结直肠癌
根据美国癌症协会的报道,结直肠癌(CRC)是美国位于第三位的最常见癌症,每年折磨着超过175,000名新增患者。在美国、日本、法国、德国、意大利、西班牙和英国,每年有超过480,000例患者罹患该疾病。它是发达国家癌症死亡的最常见原因之一。
研究表明,结直肠癌的发病是遗传和环境因素之间相互作用的结果。在大多数病例中,结直肠肿瘤似乎由腺瘤息肉演变而来;但是这个演变过程可能需要很多年。结直肠癌的主要危险因素是年龄,90%的病例在50岁之后诊断患有此病。根据美国癌症协会的报道,结直肠癌的其他危险因素包括饮酒、饮食富含脂肪和/或红色肉类、水果和蔬菜的摄取量不足。结直肠癌的发病率继续上升,特别是日本等地区,这些地区接受西化饮食,摄入过多的脂肪和肉类而纤维摄入量减少,这些因素可能是罪魁祸首。但是发病率的上升速度比不上以前,这可能是由于进行了更多的筛查和息肉切除从而防止了息肉发展成为癌症。
和大多数实体肿瘤的治疗一样,一线治疗方案为手术治疗,然而,手术受益者仍仅限于早期患者,但有很大一部分患者确诊时已是晚期。基于氟尿嘧啶的化疗方案是晚期结直肠癌的标准治疗方法。这些治疗方案的大多数是FOLFOX方案(注射5-FU/亚叶酸+奥沙利铂)和FOLFIRI(伊立替康、亚叶酸,团注和连续输注5-FU)方案。
第三代细胞毒素类药物(如伊立替康和奥沙利铂)的应用增加了显著改善疗效的希望,但预后仍较差,转移癌的生存率一般仍只有大约20个月,因此,治疗该疾病的需求仍远未满足。
最近,新一代药物-分子靶向药物(如阿瓦斯丁(贝伐单抗)和爱必妥(西妥昔单抗))已经问世,大约有40种针对各种期别结直肠癌的化合物正处于临床开发后期。这些化合物的几种联合用药有望增加未来潜在治疗方案的数量。绝大部分药物都处于开发的第二阶段,这些化合物比其他任何药物都更多地针对促使结直肠癌发展的表皮生长因子受体(EGFR),这是由于80%以上结直肠癌患者的EGRF表达都上调。
针对II期结直肠患者使用最近批准的单克隆抗体(mAb)联合化疗(西妥昔单抗+伊立替康或FOLFOX4方案;贝伐单抗单药或与FOLFOX4方案联合)的临床试验目前正在进行。经过三至四年的观察,预计这些试验会得出有统计学意义的结果。
目前肿瘤科所用的单克隆抗体(mAb)一般都可能不会妨碍主动免疫治疗。事实上,有临床前证据表明,用贝伐单抗去除VEGF是DC-介导的T细胞激活的积极结果。
目前,大约有16个试验正在测试治疗结直肠癌的新免疫疗法的安全性和潜力。
免疫治疗方法
是否能刺激免疫反应取决于是否存在被宿主免疫系统视为异物的抗原。发现肿瘤相关抗原的存在增加了运用宿主免疫系统干预肿瘤生长的可能性。对于癌症免疫疗法,目前正在探索控制免疫系统中的体液和细胞免疫的各种机制。
细胞免疫反应的特定元素能特异性地识别和破坏肿瘤细胞。从肿瘤浸润细胞群或外周血中分离出的细胞毒性T细胞(CTL)表明,这些细胞对癌症的天然免疫防御中发挥了重要作用(Cheeveretal.,AnnalsN.Y.Acad.Sci.1993690:101-112;ZehHJ,Perry-LalleyD,DudleyME,RosenbergSA,YangJC;JImmunol.1999,162(2):989-94;HighavidityCTLsfortwoself-antigensdemonstratesuperiorinvitroandinvivoantitumorefficacy.).特别是CD8阳性T细胞(TCD8+)在这种反应中发挥重要作用,TCD8+能识别细胞液8至10个源自蛋白或缺损核糖体产物(DRIPS)(SchubertU,AntónLC,GibbsJ,NorburyCC,YewdellJW,BenninkJR.;Rapiddegradationofalargefractionofnewlysynthesizedproteinsbyproteasomes;Nature2000;404(6779):770-774)的残基中载有主要组织相容性复合体(MHC)的肽中所含的I类分子。人MHC分子也称为人白细胞-抗原(HLA)。
MHC分子有两类:MHC-I类分子,大部分细胞核提呈内源性蛋白DRIPS裂解生成的肽以及较大肽的细胞上都能发现此类分子。MHC-II类分子,主要发现于专职抗原提呈细胞(APC)及其在内吞作用过程中摄取并且随后进行加工的外源性蛋白提呈肽中。肽和MHC-I类分子的复合物由CD8阳性细胞毒性T淋巴细胞的相应TCR识别,肽和MHC-II类分子的复合物由CD4阳性辅助T细胞的相应TCR识别。
CD4阳性辅助T细胞在安排抗肿瘤T细胞反应的效应子功能中发挥重要作用,因此,肿瘤相关抗原(TAA)衍生的CD4阳性T细胞表位的识别对开发能引发抗肿瘤免疫反应的药物可能非常重要(Kobayashi,H.,R.Omiya,M.Ruiz,E.Huarte,P.Sarobe,J.J.Lasarte,M.Herraiz,B.Sangro,J.Prieto,F.Borras-Cuesta,andE.Celis.IdentificationofanantigenicepitopeforhelperTlymphocytesfromcarcinoembryonicantigen.Clin.CancerRes.2002,8:3219-3225.,Gnjatic,S.,D.Atanackovic,E.,M.Matsuo,A.Selvakumar,N.K.Altorki,R.G.Maki,B.Dupont,G.Ritter,Y.T.Chen,A.Knuth,andL.J.Old.SurveyofnaturallyoccurringCD4+T-cellresponsesagainstNY-ESO-1incancerpatients:Correlationwithantibodyresponses.Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A.2003,100(15):8862-7)CD4+TcellscanleadtolocallyincreasedlevelsofIFNγ(QinZ,SchwartzkopffJ,PraderaF,KammertoensT,SeligerB,PircherH,BlankensteinT;Acriticalrequirementofinterferongamma-mediatedangiostasisfortumorrejectionbyCD8+Tcells;JCancerRes;2003,63(14):4095-4100)。
哺乳动物(如小鼠)模型显示,即使没有细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(CTL)效应细胞(即,CD8阳性T淋巴细胞),CD4阳性T细胞也能通过抑制干扰素-γ(IFNγ)分泌的血管生成从而抑制肿瘤的出现(Qin,Z.andT.Blankenstein.CD4+T-cell--mediatedtumourrejectioninvolvesinhibitionofangiogenesisthatisdependentonIFNgammareceptorexpressionbynonhematopoieticcells.Immunity.2000,12:677-686)。此外,研究还显示,CD4阳性T细胞可识别HLA-II类分子所提呈的肿瘤相关抗原中的肽,这样可通过诱导抗体(Ab)反应而阻止肿瘤进展(Kennedy,R.C.,M.H.Shearer,A.M.Watts,andR.K.Bright.CD4+Tlymphocytesplayacriticalroleinantibodyproductionandtumourimmunityagainstsimianvirus40largetumourantigen.CancerRes.2003,63:1040-1045)。与肿瘤相关肽和HLA-I类分子相结合相比较而言,迄今只对TAA的少量II类配体有过描述(www.cancerimmunity.org,www.syfpeithi.de)。
由于HLA-II类分子的组成性表达通常仅限于免疫系统的细胞(Mach,B.,V.Steimle,E.Martinez-Soria,andW.Reith.RegulationofMHCclassIIgenes:lessonsfromadisease.Annu.Rev.Immunol.1996,14:301-331),因此,直接从原发肿瘤中分离II类肽被认为是不可能的事。然而,发明人最近成功地在肿瘤中直接识别了MHC-II类抗原的表位(EP1642905,EP1760088;DengielJ,NastkeMD,GouttefangeasC,GitsioudisG,SchoorO,AltenberendF,MüllerM,B,MissiouA,SauterM,HennenlotterJ,WernetD,StenzlA,RammenseeHG,KlingelK,S.;UnexpectedabundanceofHLAclassIIpresentedpeptidesinprimaryrenalcellcarcinomas;ClinCancerRes.2006;12:4163-4170)。
在没有炎症的情况下,MHC-II类分子的表达主要局限于免疫系统细胞,尤其是专职抗原提呈细胞(APC),例如,单核细胞、单核细胞源性细胞、巨噬细胞、树突状细胞。令人吃惊的是,在肿瘤患者的肿瘤细胞中发现有MHC-II类分子的表达(DengjelJ,NastkeMD,GouttefangeasC,GitsioudisG,SchoorO,AltenberendF,MüllerM,B,MissiouA,SauterM,HennenlotterJ,WernetD,StenzlA,RammenseeHG,KlingelK,S.;UnexpectedabundanceofHLAclassIIpresentedpeptidesinprimaryrenalcellcarcinomas;ClinCancerRes.2006;12:4163-4170)。
对于触发(引发)细胞免疫反应的肽,它必须与MHC分子结合。这一过程依赖于MHC分子的等位基因以及肽氨基酸序列的特异多态性。MHC-I类-结合肽的长度通常为8-10个氨基酸残基,并且在其与MHC分子相应结合沟槽相互作用的序列中通常包含两个保守残基(“锚”)。这样,每个MHC的等位基因都有“结合基序”,从而确定哪些肽能与结合沟槽特异性结合(RammenseeHG,BachmannJ,StevanovicS.MHCligandsandpeptidemotifs,LandesBioscience,USA,1997)。
在MHC-I类依赖性免疫反应中,肽不仅能与肿瘤细胞表达的某些MHC-I类分子结合,而且它们还必须能被T细胞特异性T细胞受体(TCR)识别。
肿瘤特异性T淋巴细胞所识别的抗原,即它们的表位,可以是源自所有类蛋白的分子,如,酶、受体、转录因子等。此外,肿瘤相关抗原也可以只存在于肿瘤细胞中,如突变基因产物中。另一种重要的肿瘤相关抗原是组织特异性抗原,如,表达于不同类型肿瘤和健康睾丸组织中的癌睾丸(CT)抗原。
多种肿瘤相关抗原已经得到确定。此外,在识别其他肿瘤相关抗原方面也做了大量研究。有些肿瘤相关抗原,在本领域中也称作肿瘤特异性抗原,具有组织特异性。例子包括但(不仅限于)黑色素瘤的酪氨酸酶、前列腺癌的PSA和PSMA、淋巴瘤中诸如bcr/abl的染色体交叉(易位)部位。但是,许多得到确定的肿瘤相关抗原出现于多种类型肿瘤中,有些抗原,如,实际上导致转化事件的致癌蛋白和/或肿瘤抑制基因(肿瘤抑制基因是LinehanWM,WaltherMM,ZbarB关于肾癌综述Thegeneticbasisofcancerofthekidney.JUrol.2003Dec;170(6Pt1):2163-72中所提及的)几乎出现于所有类型肿瘤中。例如,控制细胞生长和分化的正常细胞蛋白,如p53(一种肿瘤抑制基因)、ras、c-met、myc、pRB、VHL和HER-2/neu可累积突变,导致这些基因产物的表达上调,从而致癌(McCarteyetal.CancerResearch,1998,15:582601-5;Disisetal.CibaFound.Symp.1994,187:198-211)。这些突变蛋白也可以是多种癌症的肿瘤特异性免疫反应的一个标靶。
癌症患者免疫治疗的目标是特异性激活免疫系统细胞,特别是作用于肿瘤细胞而不作用于健康组织的所谓细胞毒性T细胞(CTL,称为“杀伤细胞”、也称为CD8阳性T细胞)。肿瘤细胞因表达肿瘤相关蛋白而与健康细胞不同。细胞表面的HLA分子将细胞内容物提呈出细胞外,从而使细胞毒性T细胞辨别出健康细胞和肿瘤细胞。这通过把细胞内的所有蛋白分解为短肽,然后再粘附到HLA分子并提呈到细胞表面上而实现(Rammensee,HG,Falk,K,andRotzschke,O;PeptidesnaturallypresentedbyMHCclassImolecules,Annu.Rev.Immunol.,1993,11,213-244)。提呈于肿瘤细胞但在人体健康细胞上没有或少得多的肽称为肿瘤相关肽(TUMAP)。
对于被细胞毒性T淋巴细胞识别为肿瘤特异性抗原或相关性抗原以及用于治疗的蛋白质,必须具备特殊的条件。该抗原应主要由肿瘤细胞表达,而正常健康组织根本不表达或表达数量较少。此外,必要时,各个抗原不仅出现于一种肿瘤中而且浓度高(即,每细胞各种肽的拷贝数)。肿瘤特异性抗原和肿瘤相关抗原通常是源于由于细胞周期调控或凋亡等功能在正常细胞转化为肿瘤细胞中直接受累的蛋白。另外,这些直接导致转化的蛋白的下游靶标也可能会被上调,因此间接与肿瘤相关。这些间接肿瘤相关抗原也可能是预防接种方法的靶标。至关重要的是,在这两种情况中,都存在抗原氨基酸序列的表位,所以这种来自肿瘤相关抗原的肽(“免疫原性肽”)可导致体外或体内T细胞反应。
基本上,任何能与MHC分子结合的肽都可能充当一个T细胞表位。诱导体外或体内T细胞反应的前提是存在有着相应TCR的T细胞并且没有这个特定表位的免疫耐受性。辅助T细胞在安排抗肿瘤免疫方面的CTL效应子功能中发挥着重要作用。触发TH1类型辅助T细胞反应的辅助T细胞表位支持CD8阳性杀伤T细胞的效应功能,其中包括直接作用于肿瘤细胞的细胞毒性功能(该类肿瘤细胞表面显示有肿瘤相关肽/MHC复合物)。这样,单独形式的或与其他肿瘤相关肽形成组合物的肿瘤相关T辅助细胞肽表位可作为刺激抗肿瘤免疫反应疫苗化合物的活性药物成分。
由于CD8及CD4依赖型反应共同和协同促进抗肿瘤作用,因此,CD8+CTL(MHC-I分子)或CD4阳性CTL(MHC-II类分子)对肿瘤相关抗原的识别和鉴定对开发肿瘤疫苗非常重要。因此,提出含有与任一类MHC复合物结合的肽组合物是本发明的一个目标。
使用肿瘤相关肽进行的临床试验最初由Boon及其同事在20世纪90年代中期进行,主要适应症为黑色素瘤。试验的最佳临床有效率为10%至30%。使用基于肽的疫苗单一治疗的任何临床试验中,都未曾报告有严重的副作用或严重的自身免疫性。用黑色素瘤相关肽治疗的一些患者报告有轻度的白癜风。
但是,使用一种CTL通常不足以消灭所有肿瘤细胞。肿瘤具有很强的诱变性,能快速对CTL的攻击作出反应,通过改变CTL的蛋白质模式以逃避被CTL识别。为了反击肿瘤逃逸机制,在接种疫苗中,运用各种特异性肽。这样,可同时使用数种CTL克隆物对肿瘤进行广泛的同时攻击。这可能会减少肿瘤逃避免疫反应打击的机会。这一假设最近已经在治疗晚期黑色素瘤患者的一项临床研究中得到证实。除了少数情况之外,至少有三次不同T细胞反应的患者显示出客观的临床有效率或稳定的病情(Banchereau,J,Palucka,AK,Dhodapkar,M,Burkeholder,S,Taquet,N,Rolland,A,Taquet,S,Coquery,S,Wittkowski,KM,Bhardwaj,N,Pineiro,L,Steinman,R,andFay,J;ImmuneandclinicalresponsesinpatientswithmetastaticmelanomatoCD34(+)progenitor-deriveddendriticcellvaccine,CancerRes.,2001,61,6451-6458)以及生存期延长(与J.Banchereau私下交流结果),但绝大多数少于三次T细胞反应的患者诊断患有进展性疾病。
申请人的一项研究显示,当使用一种由13种不同肽组成的疫苗接种肾细胞癌患者时,得到了类似结果(H.Singh-Jasuja,S.Walter,T.Weinschenk,A.Mayer,P.Y.Dietrich,M.Staehler,A.Stenzl,S.Stevanovic,H.Rammensee,J.Frisch;CorrelationofT-cellresponse,clinicalactivityandregulatoryT-celllevelsinrenalcellcarcinomapatientstreatedwithIMA901,anovelmulti-peptidevaccine;ASCOMeeting2007Poster#3017;M.Staehler,A.Stenzl,P.Y.Dietrich,T.Eisen,A.Haferkamp,J.Beck,A.Mayer,S.Walter,H.Singh,J.Frisch,C.G.Stief;AnopenlabelstudytoevaluatethesafetyandimmunogenicityofthepeptidebasedcancervaccineIMA901,ASCOmeeting2007;Poster#3017)。
因此,开发一种肿瘤疫苗的主要任务不仅要识别和鉴定新型肿瘤相关抗原及其免疫原T辅助表位,而且还要组合不同抗原表位以增加每位患者对一种以上表位产生反应的可能性。因此,本发明的一个目标是提出有能力与人主要组织相容性复合体(MHC)I(HLA-I)或II(HLA-II)类分子结合的肽氨基酸序列的组合物。本发明的另一目标是提出一种基于肽组合物的有效抗癌疫苗。
在本发明中,发明人分离和描述与直接来自于哺乳动物结直肠癌等肿瘤中的HLA-I或II类分子结合的肽。
本发明提出了这样的肽:它们来源于致瘤相关抗原并且有能力与MHC(HLA)-II类分子充分结合,触发人白细胞免疫反应,特别是淋巴细胞、T淋巴细胞、CD4阳性T淋巴细胞、介导Th1型免疫反应的CD4阳性T淋巴细胞。
本发明还提出了这样的肽:它们来源于致瘤相关抗原,并且有能力与MHC(HLA)-I类分子充分结合,触发人白细胞免疫反应,特别是淋巴细胞、T淋巴细胞、CD8阳性细胞毒性T淋巴细胞以及对癌症患者接种疫苗有益的两种肽的组合物。
根据本发明,其目标通过这样方式达成:提供了一种至少有两种肽组成的药物组合物,这两种肽含有从SEQIDNO1至SEQIDNO7组成的基团中所选的氨基酸序列、和/或含有与SEQIDNO1至SEQIDNO7组成的基团80%同源的一个变异氨基酸序列,和/或含有编码为SEQIDNO1至SEQIDNO7核酸的多聚核苷酸或变异氨基酸序列,以及药用载体。同时,本发明的药物组合物还可包括至少这样的一种额外的肽:它含有从SEQIDNO8至SEQIDNO15组成的基团中所选的氨基酸序列、或含有与SEQIDNO8至SEQIDNO15组成的基团80%相同的一个变异氨基酸序列,或含有编码为SEQIDNO8至SEQIDNO15核酸的多聚核苷酸或变异氨基酸序列。这些肽的总长度可为8至100个氨基酸、优选为8至30个氨基酸,最优选为8至16个氨基酸。这些肽也可含有非肽键。
如下文所述,构成本发明基础的肽都被确定为MHC-I类或II类承载细胞所提呈的肽。因此,这些特殊肽以及其他含有序列的肽(即衍生肽)都能引发特异性T细胞反应,虽然其诱导的反应程度可能会因不同的肽和患者而不同。差异可能因肽的突变等原因造成。本领域技术人员熟知可应用于确定各个肽诱导反应程度的方法,特别是参照本文实施例和有关文献后。
优选情况是,发明中的变体可诱导T细胞与发明中各个肽发生交叉反应。
肽氨基酸序列或编码肽的核酸序列及变体间的同源比例可运用本领域已知的算法计算。本发明中,“同源性”一词是指两个氨基酸序列之间的同一度,如肽或多肽序列。前文所述的“同源”是通过将理想条件下调整的两个序列与待比较序列进行比对后确定的。此处要比对的氨基酸或核酸序列在两个序列最佳排列中可能有增加或删除(例如,序列缺口等)。此类序列同源性可通过使用ClustalW等算法创建一个排列而进行计算(NucleicAcidRes.,22(22):46734680(1994)。可用使用一般序列分析软件,更具体地说,是VectorNTI、GENETYX或由公共数据库,如http://restools.sdscedu/biotools/biotools16html提供的分析工具。
药用载体通常是已熟知的液体,可配制其中的一种有效治疗剂制。剂型中的载体虽然可能具有化学和/或生物稳定性、释放特性等等,但是一般不具备任何药理活性。典型配方可在诸如AlfonsoR.Gennaro.Remington:TheScienceandPracticeofPharmacy,20thEditionBaltimore,MD:LippincottWilliams&Wilkins,2000等书籍中找到,包括(但不限于)盐水、水、缓冲水、0.3%甘氨酸、透明质酸、葡萄糖等。最近,人们发现在人类患者中用作静脉营养很多年的某些脂肪乳剂也可充当一种肽赋形剂。有两种此类乳剂已用作商用脂肪乳剂,名叫Intralipid、Lipofundin。″Intralipid″是瑞典KabiPharmacia公司一种静脉营养脂肪乳剂的注册商标,美国专利号为3169094。″Intralipid″是德国B.BraunMelsungen公司的注册商标。两者均包含大豆油脂肪(1000蒸馏水中含100或200克:即含量分别为10%或20%)。Intralipid中卵黄磷脂用作乳化剂(12g/l蒸馏水),Lipofundin中蛋黄卵磷脂用作乳化剂(12g/l蒸馏水)。Intralipid和Lipofundin的等渗性均是在它们中加入甘油(25g/l)的结果。
肽来源于肿瘤相关抗原,特别是具有蛋白酶解、血管生成、细胞生长、细胞周期调控、细胞分裂、转录调控、翻译调控、组织浸润等功能的肿瘤相关抗原。表1描述了这些肽及生成这些肽的蛋白的功能。
表1:本发明中的肽及其亲本蛋白的功能
20号染色体开放阅读框42
C20orf42是参与肌动蛋白细胞骨架附着到细胞质膜和整合素介导细胞过程的粘着斑蛋白。C20orf42缺失会导致丧失功能的突变,从而引起Kindler综合症,它是一种常染色体隐性遗传性皮肤病,其特点是皮肤起泡、逐步萎缩、对光敏感,偶尔也能致癌(Herz,C,Aumailley,M,Schulte,C,Schlotzer-Schrehardt,U,Bruckner-Tuderman,L,andHas,C;Kindlin-lisaphosphoproteininvolvedinregulationofpolarity,proliferation,andmotilityofepidermalkeratinocytes,JBiolChem.,2006,281,36082-36090)。最近,一名患有功能丧失突变的患者报告有严重的胃肠道疾病并伴出血性肠炎(Sadler,E,Klausegger,A,Muss,W,Deinsberger,U,Pohla-Gubo,G,Laimer,M,Lanschuetzer,C,Bauer,JW,andHintner,H;NovelKIND1genemutationinKindlersyndromewithseveregastrointestinaltractinvolvement,Arch.Dermatol.,2006,142,1619-1624)。
在癌症方面,关于癌症相关基因表达的研究已对C20orf42进行了描述。结果发现,接受检查的70%结肠癌和60%肺癌(n=10)中C20orf42表达过量。NorthernBlot法检测显示,正常组织表达仅限于神经肌肉组织(Weinstein,EJ,Bourner,M,Head,R,Zakeri,H,Bauer,C,andMazzarella,R;URP1:amemberofanovelfamilyofPHandFERMdomain-containingmembrane-associatedproteinsissignificantlyover-expressedinlungandcoloncarcinomas,Biochim.Biophys.Acta,2003,1637,207-216)。此外,C20orf42已被确定为参与TGF-β介导的细胞迁移和肿瘤浸润的一种基因(Kloeker,S,Major,MB,Calderwood,DA,Ginsberg,MH,Jones,DA,andBeckerle,MC;TheKindlersyndromeproteinisregulatedbytransforminggrowthfactor-betaandinvolvedinintegrin-mediatedadhesion,J.Biol.Chem.,2004,279,6824-6833)。
NADPH氧化酶同源物-1(NOX1)
NOX1是一种对生长因子有反应的酶,催化生成活性氧超氧化物(O2-)和过氧化氢(H2O2)。其表达最初发现于结肠、前列腺、子宫和增殖的血管平滑肌细胞中(Suh,Y.A.etal.Celltransformationbythesuperoxide-generatingoxidaseMox1.Nature1999,401,79-82)。它的表达与细胞增殖、血管生成、细胞信号通路激活等生物反应次数相关(Harper,R.W.,Xu,C.,Soucek,K.,Setiadi,H.andEiserich,J.P.AreappraisalofthegenomicorganizationofhumanNox1anditssplicevariants.Arch.Biochem.Biophys.2005,435,323-330)。
NOX1在结肠中高表达,但其在结肠生理或病理学中的功能仍然知之甚少。在正常组织中,NOX1在回肠中表达低,在右结肠中表达中等,在左结肠中表达高。NOX1在腺瘤、高分化或低分化结肠腺癌样本中的表达没有统计学差异。NOX1在结肠上皮细胞的隐窝内和腔表面均呈高表达。总之,NOX1是组成型表达于结肠上皮细胞并与致瘤不直接相关的一种酶(Szanto,I.etal.ExpressionofNOX1,asuperoxide-generatingNADPHoxidase,incoloncancerandinflammatoryboweldisease.JPathol.2005,207,164-176)。
免疫组织化学表明,NOX1组成型表达于表面粘液细胞。腺瘤和高分化腺癌上调NOX1表达。核因子(NF)-κB主要在NOX1表达丰富的腺瘤和腺癌细胞中被激活,这表明NOX1可在结肠肿瘤中刺激NF-κB依赖型抗凋亡途径(Fukuyama,M.etal.Overexpressionofanovelsuperoxide-producingenzyme,NADPHoxidase1,inadenomaandwelldifferentiatedadenocarcinomaofthehumancolon.CancerLett.2005,221,97-104)。
Wnt3a/β-Catenin信号传导被描述为可诱导NOX1表达(Petropoulos,H.&Skerjanc,I.S.Beta-cateninisessentialandsufficientforskeletalmyogenesisinP19cells.JBiolChem.2002,277,15393-15399)。
最近,活性氧分子表明可诱导内皮细胞凋亡,随后可诱导各种肿瘤细胞粘附分子的表达。这表明,通过阻止ROS的生成而预防肿瘤远处复发是可行的(Ten,KM,vanderWal,JB,Sluiter,W,Hofland,LJ,Jeekel,J,Sonneveld,P,andvanEijck,CH;Theroleofsuperoxideanionsinthedevelopmentofdistanttumourrecurrence,2006,Br.JCancer,)。
鸟氨酸脱羧酶1(ODC1)
ODC1是将鸟氨酸催化为腐胺的多胺生物合成途径的限速酶。该限速酶的活性水平根据对生长促进性刺激的反应而不同,与其他哺乳动物蛋白质相比,表现出较高的周转率。
多胺代谢是上皮组织癌变机制的组成部分。ODC1增加往往与正常细胞开始生长以及肿瘤细胞持续生长相关。实验模型中,ODC1抑制剂可抑制膀胱癌、乳腺癌、结肠癌和皮肤癌的形成。ODC1活性的过度表达是许多癌症的公认特点,ODC1已被视作一种原癌基因(Auvinen,M.,Paasinen,A.,Andersson,L.C.andHoltta,E.Ornithinedecarboxylaseactivityiscriticalforcelltransformation.Nature1992,360,355-358)。
结肠腺瘤样息肉(APC)基因的胚系突变是结肠癌最明确的遗传因素之一。APC突变导致游离β-catenin水平大幅增高并进入细胞核,在那里,与序列特异性转录因子中的淋巴增强因子(LEF)/T细胞因子(TCF)家族成员形成一种复合物。c-myc癌基因是一种Tcf靶向基因(He,T.C.etal.Identificationofc-MYCasatargetoftheAPCpathway(Science281,1509-1512(1998)。c-MycRNA和蛋白在结直肠肿瘤癌变早期和晚期都过量表达)。ODC是一种c-Myc靶向基因。
APC功能丧失可导致ODC1上调(Gerner,EWandMeyskens,FL,Jr,Polyaminesandcancer:oldmolecules,newunderstanding,Nat.Rev.Cancer,2004,4,781-792),结直肠癌中经常可观察到过量表达(Hu,H.Y.etal.Ornithinedecarboxylasegeneisoverexpressedincolorectalcarcinoma,WorldJ.Gastroenterol.2005,11,2244-2248;Kitahara,O.etal.AlterationsofgeneexpressionduringcolorectalcarcinogenesisrevealedbycDNAmicroarraysafterlaser-capturemicrodissectionoftumortissuesandnormalepithelia;CancerRes.2001,61,3544-3549;Nemoto,T.,Kubota,S.,Ishida,H.,Murata,N.andHashimoto,D.Ornithinedecarboxylase,mitogen-activatedproteinkinaseandmatrixmetalloproteinase-2expressionsinhumancolontumors.WorldJ.Gastroenterol.2005,11,3065-3069)。
ODC1充当血管内皮抑制素的抑制剂,具有促进血管生成的特性(Nemoto,T.,Hori,H.,Yoshimoto,M.,Seyama,Y.&Kubota,S.Overexpressionofornithinedecarboxylaseenhancesendothelialproliferationbysuppressingendostatinexpression.Blood2002,99,1478-1481)。
结直肠癌细胞株HT-29感染ODC1和S-腺苷蛋氨酸脱羧酶(另一重要多胺生物合成途径酶)的腺病毒编码的反义RNA可导致CCND1下调和细胞周期阻滞。此外,β-catenin的核转位也受到了抑制(Gong,L,Jiang,C,Zhang,B,Hu,H,Wang,W,andLiu,X;Adenovirus-mediatedExpressionofBothAntisenseOrnithineDecarboxylaseandS-adenosylmethionineDecarboxylaseInducesG(1)ArrestinHT-29Cells,JBiochem.Mol.Biol,2006,39,730-736)。腺病毒也诱导裸鼠肿瘤的消退(Zhang,B,Liu,XX,Zhang,Y,Jiang,CY,Hu,HY,Gong,L,Liu,M,andTeng,QS;PolyaminedepletionbyODC-AdoMetDCantisenseadenovirusimpairshumancolorectalcancergrowthandinvasioninvitroandinvivo,2006,JGeneMed,8,980-989)。
ODC1的特异性不可逆转性抑制剂为2-二氟甲基鸟氨酸(DMFO,Eflornithine(Sanofi-Aventis公司))。它作为昏睡病(由锥虫引起)的治疗方法而推广,并且是脱毛霜Vaniqa的活性成分。
在癌症方面,DMFO已被广泛用于临床前模型中,并通过降低多胺水平而显示出有希望的抗肿瘤作用(Gerner,EWandMeyskens,FL,Jr;Polyaminesandcancer:oldmolecules,newunderstanding,Nat.Rev.Cancer,2004,4,781-792)。对于多个癌种已经进行了临床试验,而针对结直肠癌的一些试验目前正在进行中。但是,这些研究大多数针对容易演变为结直肠癌(腺瘤息肉)患者,采取预防组合方法。免疫原性ODC肽(ODC-001)先前已得到确定(M.Diehl,PhDThesis,UniversityofTübingen,1998)
增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)
PCNA发现于细胞核中,是DNA聚合酶δ的辅助因子。编码蛋白质充当一个同源三聚体,帮助提高DNA复制过程中前导链的持续合成能力。因此,它在所有增殖细胞尤其是肿瘤细胞中表达,用作检测增殖的标志物。
PCNA免疫组化分析中定义的肿瘤及其邻近正常粘膜的增殖指数很久以前就被认为是结直肠癌患者复发和生存期差的独立预测因素(al-Sheneber,IF,Shibata,HR,Sampalis,J,andJothy,S;Prognosticsignificanceofproliferatingcellnuclearantigenexpressionincolorectalcancer,Cancer,1993,71,1954-1959;Mayer,A,Takimoto,M,Fritz,E,Schellander,G,Kofler,K,andLudwig,H;Theprognosticsignificanceofproliferatingcellnuclearantigen,epidermalgrowthfactorreceptor,andmdrgeneexpressionincolorectalcancer,Cancer,1993,71,2454-2460;Nakamura,T,Tabuchi,Y,Nakae,S,Ohno,M,andSaitoh,Y;Serumcarcinoembryonicantigenlevelsandproliferatingcellnuclearantigenlabelingindexforpatientswithcolorectalcarcinoma.Correlationwithtumorprogressionandsurvival,Cancer,1996,77,1741-1746)。
DNA拓扑异构酶II(TOP2)
TOP2A和TOP2B编码一种DNA拓扑异构酶的异形体,这种酶能够控制和改变转录过程中DNA的拓扑状态。这种核酶参与诸如染色体凝集、染色单体分离以及减轻DNA转录和复制过程中产生的扭转应力等过程。它可催化两个双链DNA的短暂断裂和重新连接,这使得DNA链可穿过对方,从而改变DNA的拓扑结构。这种酶的两种异构体可能以基因复制产物的形式存在。该基因编码的α形式位于17号染色体处,β基因位于3号染色体处。
TOP2A是几种抗癌药物的靶标,这个基因的各种突变都可导致出现耐药。
TOP2A基因与HER-2癌基因(最常见的乳腺癌扩增癌基因)相邻,位于染色体位置17q12-q21处,其扩增或删除频率在几乎90%的HER-2扩增原发性乳腺肿瘤中都相等(Jarvinen,TAandLiu,ET;TopoisomeraseIIalphagene(TOP2A)amplificationanddeletionincancer--morecommonthananticipated,Cytopathology,14,309-313)。另外,其他癌症也报告了有TOP2A扩增。最近的实验以及很多大型的多中心试验表明,TOP2A扩增(和/或删除)可证明该基因对常用细胞毒药物敏感或耐药,如对拓扑异构酶II抑制剂(蒽环类药物等)(Kellner,U,Sehested,M,Jensen,PB,Gieseler,F,andRudolph,P;Culpritandvictim--DNAtopoisomeraseII,LancetOncol.,2002,3,235-243),这取决于TOP2A处的具体基因缺陷(Jarvinen,TAandLiu,ET;SimultaneousamplificationofHER-2(ERBB2)andtopoisomeraseIIalpha(TOP2A)genes--molecularbasisforcombinationchemotherapyincancer,Curr.CancerDrugTargets.,2006,6,579-602)。
没有TOP2ADNA复制和细胞分裂是不可能的。因此,它成为了众多抗癌治疗方案的主要靶标,即使杀伤细胞的确切机制仍难以解释(Kellner,U,Sehested,M,Jensen,PB,Gieseler,F,andRudolph,P;Culpritandvictim--DNAtopoisomeraseII,LancetOncol.,2002,3,235-243)。这种方法的成功与否受到自发耐药性的限制,药物引起的DNA损伤可增加肿瘤的恶性程度。
TOP2B是TOP-001的第二种潜在源蛋白,由于其位于染色体区域(3p24)中,是否在肿瘤中频繁扩增尚不清楚,因此,癌症研究中还没有得到过多关注。但是,TOP2B与TOP2A的主要结构类似,并与其具有几乎相同的催化性能(Leontiou,C,Lightowlers,R,Lakey,JH,andAustin,CA;KineticanalysisofhumantopoisomeraseIIalphaandbetaDNAbindingbysurfaceplasmonresonance,FEBSLett.,2003,554,206-210)。另一项研究中也显示这两个异构体可以相互替代(Sakaguchi,AandKikuchi,A;FunctionalcompatibilitybetweenisoformalphaandbetaoftypeIIDNAtopoisomerase,JCellSci.,2004,117,1047-1054)。
本发明中,发明人提出了确凿的证据表明,肿瘤相关肽与HLA-I类分子充分结合能引发人CD8阳性细胞毒性T淋巴细胞介导的免疫反应,同时也证明了权利要求中的肽适合触发人免疫系统对肿瘤细胞多肽组选定的肽发生反应。
同样地,我们发现肿瘤相关肽与HLA-II类分子充分结合,尤其是与人基因组HLADR位点编码的HLA-II类等位基因结合,能够引发人CD4阳性T细胞介导的免疫反应。CD4阳性T细胞从人外周血中分离,这表明权利要求中的肽适合触发人免疫系统对肿瘤细胞多肽组选定的肽发生反应。下面所列举的肽TGFBI-004(与HLA-DR结合肿瘤相关肽)发现可被CD4阳性T细胞识别。
由于肽可化学合成,并可用作药物制剂的药用活性成分,因此,本发明提出的肽可用于免疫治疗,优选为癌症免疫治疗。
另一方面,该药物组合物包括至少另外一种肽,这种肽含有从SEQIDNO8至SEQIDNO15组成的基团中所选的一个氨基酸序列、或含有与SEQIDNO8至SEQIDNO15组成的基团至少80%同源的一个变异氨基酸序列,或含有编码为SEQIDNO8至SEQIDNO15核酸的多聚核苷酸或变异氨基酸序列。含SEQIDNO8至SEQIDNO13以及SEQIDNO15序列的肽是之前确定的并与MHC-I类和MHC-II类分子结合的免疫原性肽(见表2)。
这些肽显示可引发肾细胞癌(RCC)患者的体内T细胞反应(H.Singh-Jasuja,S.Walter,T.Weinschenk,A.Mayer,P.Y.Dietrich,M.Staehler,A.Stenzl,S.Stevanovic,H.Rammensee,J.Frisch;CorrelationofT-cellresponse,clinicalactivityandregulatoryT-celllevelsinrenalcellcarcinomapatientstreatedwithIMA901,anovelmulti-peptidevaccine;ASCOMeeting2007Poster#3017;M.Staehler,A.Stenzl,P.Y.Dietrich,T.Eisen,A.Haferkamp,J.Beck,A.Mayer,S.Walter,H.Singh,J.Frisch,C.G.Stief;AnopenlabelstudytoevaluatethesafetyandimmunogenicityofthepeptidebasedcancervaccineIMA901,ASCOmeeting2007;Poster#3017)。由于亲本蛋白质不仅在肾细胞癌中,而且在结直肠癌以及其他类型癌症中过量表达,因此这些肽也可用于治疗其他癌种的疫苗中,特别是抗结直肠癌疫苗中。
表2:本发明组合物中其他有用的免疫原性肽
癌胚抗原相关细胞粘附分子5
癌胚抗原(CEA=CEACAM5)是一种分子量为180kDa的高度糖基化膜蛋白分子,由三个C2Ig样重复单元组成,两侧含有一个N-端IgV样区域和一个C-端区域,其中包括糖磷脂酰肌醇连接区域(Hegde,P,Qi,R,Gaspard,R,Abernathy,K,Dharap,S,Earle-Hughes,J,Gay,C,Nwokekeh,NU,Chen,T,Saeed,AI,Sharov,V,Lee,NH,Yeatman,TJ,andQuackenbush,J;Identificationoftumourmarkersinmodelsofhumancolorectalcancerusinga19,200-elementcomplementaryDNAmicroarray,CancerRes.,2001,61,7792-7797)。
癌胚抗原CEA在胎儿发育过程中表达,但是在成人胃肠道上皮中表达低。但是,CEA在人肿瘤中有较高比例的过量表达,其中包括90%的胃肠道癌、结直肠癌和胰腺癌,70%的非小细胞肺癌细胞和50%的乳腺癌(Thompson,JA,Grunert,F,andZimmermann,W;Carcinoembryonicantigengenefamily:molecularbiologyandclinicalperspectives,JClinLabAnal.,5,344-3662005)。由于CEA在肿瘤细胞中表达并向血清中分泌,因此,CEA已被广泛用作肿瘤标志物(Sikorska,H,Shuster,J,andGold,P;Clinicalapplicationsofcarcinoembryonicantigen,CancerDetect.Prev.,12,321-3551988),并作为监测结直肠癌的标准血清标志物(Locker,GY,Hamilton,S,Harris,J,Jessup,JM,Kemeny,N,Macdonald,JS,Somerfield,MR,Hayes,DF,andBast,RC,Jr.;ASCO2006updateofrecommendationsfortheuseoftumourmarkersingastrointestinalcancer,JClinOncol,24,5313-5327,2006)。
尽管CEA在肿瘤细胞中过量表达,但是癌症患者通常对这种抗原并未表现出免疫反应(Orefice,S,Fossati,G,Pietrojusti,E,andBonfanti,G;Delayedcutaneoushypersensitivityreactiontocarcinoembryonicantigenincancerpatients,Tumouri,1982,68,473-475,)。由于CEA一般在体内表达水平低,因此免疫系统通常对其具有耐受性。但是,在一系列临床疫苗试验中,CEA的免疫原性已得到证明(Sarobe,P,Huarte,E,Lasarte,JJ,andBorras-Cuesta,F;Carcinoembryonicantigenasatargettoinduceanti-tumourimmuneresponses,Curr.CancerDrugTargets.,2004,4,443-454),特别是结直肠癌(CRC)(Mosolits,S,Ullenhag,G,andMellstedt,H;Therapeuticvaccinationinpatientswithgastrointestinalmalignancies.Areviewofimmunologicalandclinicalresults,Ann.Oncol.,2005,16,847-862),并且CEA是这种癌种试验中在最多疫苗平台上得到测试的肿瘤相关抗原(TAA)(vonMehren,M;Colorectalcancervaccines:whatweknowandwhatwedon′tyetknow,Semin.Oncol.,2005,32,76-84)。
CEA的几种细胞毒性和辅助T细胞表位已进行了描述(Crosti,M,Longhi,R,Consogno,G,Melloni,G,Zannini,P,andProtti,MP;IdentificationofnovelsubdominantepitopesonthecarcinoembryonicantigenrecognizedbyCD4+T-cellsoflungcancerpatients,JImmunol.,2006,176,5093-5099;Novellino,L,Castelli,C,andParmiani,G;AlistingofhumantumourantigensrecognizedbyT-cells:March2004update,CancerImmunol.Immunother.,2004,54,187-207;Ruiz,M,Kobayashi,H,Lasarte,JJ,Prieto,J,Borras-Cuesta,F,Celis,E,andSarobe,P;IdentificationandcharacterizationofaT-helperpeptidefromcarcinoembryonicantigen,ClinCancerRes.,2004,10,2860-2867),这使得各种以肽为基础的结直肠癌免疫试验成为可能(Babatz,J,Rollig,C,Lobel,B,Folprecht,G,Haack,M,Gunther,H,Kohne,CH,Ehninger,G,Schmitz,M,andBornhauser,M;Inductionofcellularimmuneresponsesagainstcarcinoembryonicantigeninpatientswithmetastatictumoursaftervaccinationwithalteredpeptideligand-loadeddendriticcells,CancerImmunol.Immunother.,2006,55,268-276;Fong,L,Hou,Y,Rivas,A,Benike,C,Yuen,A,Fisher,GA,Davis,MM,andEngleman,EG;AlteredpeptideligandvaccinationwithFlt3ligandexpandeddendriticcellsfortumourimmunotherapy,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A,2001,98,8809-8814;Liu,KJ,Wang,CC,Chen,LT,Cheng,AL,Lin,DT,Wu,YC,Yu,WL,Hung,YM,Yang,HY,Juang,SH,andWhang-Peng,J;Generationofcarcinoembryonicantigen(CEA)-specificT-cellresponsesinHLA-A*0201andHLA-A*2402late-stagecolorectalcancerpatientsaftervaccinationwithdendriticcellsloadedwithCEApeptides,ClinCancerRes.,2004,10,2645-2651;Matsuda,K,Tsunoda,T,Tanaka,H,Umano,Y,Tanimura,H,Nukaya,I,Takesako,K,andYamaue,H;EnhancementofcytotoxicT-lymphocyteresponsesinpatientswithgastrointestinalmalignanciesfollowingvaccinationwithCEApeptide-pulseddendriticcells,CancerImmunol.Immunother.,2004,53,609-616;Ueda,Y,Itoh,T,Nukaya,I,Kawashima,I,Okugawa,K,Yano,Y,Yamamoto,Y,Naitoh,K,Shimizu,K,Imura,K,Fuji,N,Fujiwara,H,Ochiai,T,Itoi,H,Sonoyama,T,Hagiwara,A,Takesako,K,andYamagishi,H;Dendriticcell-basedimmunotherapyofcancerwithcarcinoembryonicantigen-derived,HLA-A24-restrictedCTLepitope:Clinicaloutcomesof18patientswithmetastaticgastrointestinalorlungadenocarcinomas,Int.JOncol.,2004,24,909-917;Weihrauch,MR,Ansen,S,Jurkiewicz,E,Geisen,C,Xia,Z,Anderson,KS,Gracien,E,Schmidt,M,Wittig,B,Diehl,V,Wolf,J,Bohlen,H,andNadler,LM;PhaseI/IIcombinedchemoimmunotherapywithcarcinoembryonicantigen-derivedHLA-A2-restrictedCAP-1peptideandirinotecan,5-fluorouracil,andleucovorininpatientswithprimarymetastaticcolorectalcancer,ClinCancerRes.,2005,11,5993-6001)。到目前为止,上述试验以及其他临床试验已经证实了CEA接种的安全性并提供了诱导这种抗原免疫反应的证据(vonMehren,M;Colorectalcancervaccines:whatweknowandwhatwedon′tyetknow,Semin.Oncol.,2005,32,76-84)。
CEA-006的变种在先前已经公布(Ruiz,M,Kobayashi,H,Lasarte,JJ,Prieto,J,Borras-Cuesta,F,Celis,E,andSarobe,P;IdentificationandcharacterizationofaT-helperpeptidefromcarcinoembryonicantigen,ClinCancerRes.,2004,10,2860-2867)。CEA-005是进行单个氨基酸交换的变种,已报告能克服中枢免疫耐受性(Zaremba,S,Barzaga,E,Zhu,M,Soares,N,Tsang,KY,andSchlom,J;IdentificationofanenhanceragonistcytotoxicTlymphocytepeptidefromhumancarcinoembryonicantigen,CancerRes.,1997,57,4570-4577)。
转化生长因子β诱导的(TGFBI)基因
TGFBI最先被认定为人肺腺癌细胞株的TGF-β诱导基因。它能编码分泌出的细胞外基质蛋白,该蛋白被认为作用于细胞粘附物和细胞外基质成分。
TGFBI是一种结直肠癌中升高最为明显的基因,也在腺瘤中高表达。定量PCR结果显示,它在未纯化的和纯化的肿瘤上皮细胞中均大大升高。因此,原位杂交实验表明,TGFBI在基质和上皮细胞等多种细胞类型中表达(Buckhaults,P,Rago,C,St,CB,Romans,KE,Saha,S,Zhang,L,Vogelstein,B,andKinzler,KW;Secretedandcellsurfacegenesexpressedinbenignandmalignantcolorectaltumours,CancerRes.,2001,61,6996-7001)。
在一次对结直肠癌基因表达研究进行的荟萃分析中,TGFBI被确认为9个基因中唯一的一个不断上调的基因(TGFBI的4个研究)(Shih,W,Chetty,R,andTsao,MS;Expressionprofilingbymicroarraysincolorectalcancer,Oncol.Rep.,2005,13,517-524)。
在人胰腺癌组织中,TGFBImRNA水平比正常对照组织中增加32.4倍。原位杂交分析结果显示,TGFBImRNA主要表达于胰腺肿瘤中的癌细胞(Schneider,D,Kleeff,J,Berberat,PO,Zhu,Z,Korc,M,Friess,H,andBuchler,MW;Inductionandexpressionofbetaig-h3inpancreaticcancercells,Biochim.Biophys.Acta,2002,1588,1-6)。
在体外模型中,TGFBI被确定为一种促血管生成基因。此外,在另外几种肿瘤中,检测到TGFBI表达显著增强。TGFBI的反义寡核苷酸既阻止体外基因表达又阻止体外内皮细胞管形成,这表明TGFBI可在内皮细胞基质的相互作用中发挥着关键作用(Aitkenhead,M,Wang,SJ,Nakatsu,MN,Mestas,J,Heard,C,andHughes,CC;Identificationofendothelialcellgenesexpressedinaninvitromodelofangiogenesis:inductionofESM-1,(beta)ig-h3,andNrCAM,Microvasc.Res.,2002,63,159-171)。
粘蛋白-1(MUC1)
粘蛋白是高分子量上皮糖蛋白,与富含苏氨酸、丝氨酸、脯氨酸的串联重复肽O-型糖苷连接的簇生寡糖含量高。根据结构和功能,有类粘蛋白:跨膜粘蛋白(MUC1属于该类蛋白)和分泌型凝胶形成粘蛋白。结肠癌粘蛋白在作为诊断及预后标志物以及癌症疫苗的靶标时,其碳水化合物结构有所不同。
MUC1蛋白的细胞外区由20种氨基酸高度保守的重复序列组成,实际重复次数为25至100不等,取决于等位基因。每个串联重复序列包含5个潜在的糖基化位点,在苏氨酸和丝氨酸二联体之间有一个免疫优势区,包含各种抗MUC1抗体识别的表位(Taylor-Papadimitriou,J,Burchell,J,Miles,DW,andDalziel,M;MUC1andcancer,Biochim.Biophys.Acta,1999,1455,301-313)。
与大多数其他上皮细胞相比,结肠的MUC1糖基化程度更高,从而掩盖了MUC1特异性抗体对MUC1蛋白的免疫组化染色。在结直肠癌中,MUC1糖基化程度较低,可进行免疫检测。异常糖基化MUC1具有新的结合特性,能同时介导和阻止与具有某些分子特异性的粘附分子结合,从而在肿瘤细胞的转移扩散中扮演着双重角色(McDermott,KM,Crocker,PR,Harris,A,Burdick,MD,Hinoda,Y,Hayashi,T,Imai,K,andHollingsworth,MA;OverexpressionofMUC1reconfiguresthebindingpropertiesoftumorcells,Int.JCancer,2001,94,783-791)。
免疫学检测显示,MUC1在结肠癌中表达增加,与较差的预后相关(Byrd,JCandBresalier,RS;Mucinsandmucinbindingproteinsincolorectalcancer,CancerMetastasisRev.,2004,23,77-99),这表明结直肠癌的进展可能与MUC1的上调有关。转移结肠癌比无转移者MUC1的表达更高(Nakamori,S,Ota,DM,Cleary,KR,Shirotani,K,andIrimura,T;MUC1mucinexpressionasamarkerofprogressionandmetastasisofhumancolorectalcarcinoma,Gastroenterology,1994,106,353-361),并且一项研究显示,MUC1染色在所有累及肝脏的结直肠癌中均呈阳性(Matsuda,K,Masaki,T,Watanabe,T,Kitayama,J,Nagawa,H,Muto,T,andAjioka,Y;ClinicalsignificanceofMUC1andMUC2mucinandp53proteinexpressionincolorectalcarcinoma,Jpn.JClinOncol.,2000,30,89-94)。最近针对462名结直肠患者的一项研究发现,MUC1表达是预后差的一个独立指标(Duncan,TJ,Watson,NF,Al-Attar,AH,Scholefield,JH,andDurrant,LG;TheroleofMUC1andMUC3inthebiologyandprognosisofcolorectalcancer,WorldJSurg.Oncol,2007,5,31)。
结直肠癌中的循环型抗MUC1抗体具有病理生理学意义:31名健康受试者中有5名检测出有抗MUC1抗体(16.1%)和56名结直肠患者中有27名检测出有抗MUC1抗体(48.2%)(Nakamura,H,Hinoda,Y,Nakagawa,N,Makiguchi,Y,Itoh,F,Endo,T,andImai,K;Detectionofcirculatinganti-MUC1mucincoreproteinantibodiesinpatientswithcolorectalcancer,JGastroenterol.,1998,33,354-361)。
除了作为抗体靶标,MUC1还是细胞毒性T细胞的大家接受的靶标。数份报告表明,卵巢癌、乳腺癌、胰腺癌以及多发性骨髓瘤的细胞毒性MHC非限制性T细胞可识别串联重复序列中的MUC1蛋白核的表位(Apostolopoulos,VandMcKenzie,IF;Cellularmucins:targetsforimmunotherapy,CritRev.Immunol.,1994,14,293-309;Finn,OJ,Jerome,KR,Henderson,RA,Pecher,G,Domenech,N,Magarian-Blander,J,andBarratt-Boyes,SM;MUC-1epithelialtumormucin-basedimmunityandcancervaccines,Immunol.Rev.,1995,145,61-89;Barnd,DL,Lan,MS,Metzgar,RS,andFinn,OJ;Specific,majorhistocompatibilitycomplex-unrestrictedrecognitionoftumor-associatedmucinsbyhumancytotoxicTcells,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A,1989,86,7159-7163;Takahashi,T,Makiguchi,Y,Hinoda,Y,Kakiuchi,H,Nakagawa,N,Imai,K,andYachi,A;ExpressionofMUC1onmyelomacellsandinductionofHLA-unrestrictedCTLagainstMUC1fromamultiplemyelomapatient,J.Immunol.,1994,153,2102-2109;Noto,H,Takahashi,T,Makiguchi,Y,Hayashi,T,Hinoda,Y,andImai,K;CytotoxicTlymphocytesderivedfrombonemarrowmononuclearcellsofmultiplemyelomapatientsrecognizeanunderglycosylatedformofMUC1mucin,Int.Immunol.,1997,9,791-798)。但是来自MUC1蛋白的HLA-A*02限制性T细胞表位也得到确认(Apostolopoulos,V,Karanikas,V,Haurum,JS,andMcKenzie,IF;InductionofHLA-A2-restrictedCTLstothemucin1humanbreastcancerantigen,JImmunol.,1997,159,5211-5218;Brossart,P,Heinrich,KS,Stuhler,G,Behnke,L,Reichardt,VL,Stevanovic,S,Muhm,A,Rammensee,HG,Kanz,L,andBrugger,W;IdentificationofHLA-A2-restrictedT-cellepitopesderivedfromtheMUC1tumorantigenforbroadlyapplicablevaccinetherapies,Blood,1999,93,4309-4317)。这些肽中其中一个为MUC-001。它来自MUC1蛋白的串联重复区。接种疫苗后,使用这些MUC1肽在晚期乳腺癌或卵巢癌患者的肽冲击树突细胞中成功地诱导了细胞毒性T淋巴细胞的体内反应(Brossart,P,Wirths,S,Stuhler,G,Reichardt,VL,Kanz,L,andBrugger,W;InductionofcytotoxicT-lymphocyteresponsesinvivoaftervaccinationswithpeptide-pulseddendriticcells,Blood,2000,96,3102-3108;Wierecky,J,Mueller,M,andBrossart,P;Dendriticcell-basedcancerimmunotherapytargetingMUC-1,CancerImmunol.Immunother.,2005Apr.28:288-94)。此外,这些疫苗已成功地诱导了肾细胞癌患者的临床反应(Wierecky,J,Muller,MR,Wirths,S,Halder-Oehler,E,Dorfel,D,Schmidt,SM,Hantschel,M,Brugger,W,Schroder,S,Horger,MS,Kanz,L,andBrossart,P;Immunologicandclinicalresponsesaftervaccinationswithpeptide-pulseddendriticcellsinmetastaticrenalcancerpatients,CancerRes.,2006,66,5910-5918)。
结直肠癌中免疫反应性MUC1的上调大多并不是因为mRNA的过量表达,而是糖基化降低、暴露了表位从而抗体可识别造成的,特别是在MUC1串联重复区。同时,这种去糖基化通过改变肿瘤细胞的抗原加工过程(这在正常细胞因糖基化而受阻)为T细胞表位生成提供了机会。这一机制可解释为什么MUC-001尽管没有很强的mRNA过量表达却具有肿瘤相关T细胞表位的鲜明特征。糖基化的变化确实可能影响到抗原加工的一些证据来自最近的一项观察,结直肠癌MUC1糖基化改变可通过专门识别肿瘤糖型的受体而被抗原提呈细胞检测到(Saeland,E,vanVliet,SJ,Backstrom,M,van,dB,V,Geijtenbeek,TB,Meijer,GA,andvan,KY;2006,TheC-typelectinMGLexpressedbydendriticcellsdetectsglycanchangesonMUC1incoloncarcinoma,CancerImmunol.Immunother.,2007,56(8):1225-36)。抗原提呈细胞对肿瘤糖型的特异性吸收和加工也可解释MUC-001特异性T细胞在未接种疫苗的乳腺癌患者(Rentzsch,C,Kayser,S,Stumm,S,Watermann,I,Walter,S,Stevanovic,S,Wallwiener,D,andGuckel,B;Evaluationofpre-existentimmunityinpatientswithprimarybreastcancer:molecularandcellularassaystoquantifyantigen-specificTlymphocytesinperipheralbloodmononuclearcells,ClinCancerRes.,2003,9,4376-4386)和结直肠癌患者(Dittmann,J,Keller-Matschke,K,Weinschenk,T,Kratt,T,Heck,T,Becker,HD,Stevanovic,S,Rammensee,HG,andGouttefangeas,C;CD8+T-cellresponseagainstMUC1-derivedpeptidesingastrointestinalcancersurvivors,CancerImmunol.Immunother.,2005,54,750-758)自然观察到这一事实。在这些患者中,未报告有自体免疫作用。这说明,MUC-001具有诱导特异性T细胞的肿瘤相关肽的自然属性;并且表明,虽然MUC1在mRNA水平上并未检测到过量表达,但是给予MUC-001可考虑为安全的。
Met原癌基因(肝细胞生长因子受体)(c-Met)
MET原癌基因的蛋白产物是肝细胞生长因子受体。它包含一个激活参与细胞增殖、运动、粘附和浸润的信号途径的酪氨酸激酶域(Trusolino,LandComoglio,PM;Scatter-factorandsemaphorinreceptors:cellsignallingforinvasivegrowth,Nat.Rev.Cancer,2002,2,289-300)。
不同类型肿瘤的研究已证明了激活c-Met的若干机制,包括HGF/c-Met的自分泌循环、激活位点突变、TPR-Met融合蛋白以及将c-Met分裂为α和β链失败(DiRenzo,MF,Olivero,M,Martone,T,Maffe,A,Maggiora,P,Stefani,AD,Valente,G,Giordano,S,Cortesina,G,andComoglio,PM;SomaticmutationsoftheMEToncogeneareselectedduringmetastaticspreadofhumanHNSCcarcinomas,Oncogene,2000,19,1547-1555;Ebert,M,Yokoyama,M,Friess,H,Buchler,MW,andKorc,M;Coexpressionofthec-metproto-oncogeneandhepatocytegrowthfactorinhumanpancreaticcancer,CancerRes.,1994,54,5775-5778;Mondino,A,Giordano,S,andComoglio,PM;DefectiveposttranslationalprocessingactivatesthetyrosinekinaseencodedbytheMETproto-oncogene(hepatocytegrowthfactorreceptor),Mol.CellBiol.,1991,11,6084-6092;Olivero,M,Valente,G,Bardelli,A,Longati,P,Ferrero,N,Cracco,C,Terrone,C,Rocca-Rossetti,S,Comoglio,PM,andDiRenzo,MF;NovelmutationintheATP-bindingsiteoftheMEToncogenetyrosinekinaseinaHPRCCfamilv,Int.JCancer,1999,82,640-643;Park,M,Dean,M,Cooper,CS,Schmidt,M,O′Brien,SJ,Blair,DG,andVandeWoude,GF;Mechanismofmetoncogeneactivation,Cell,1986,45,895-904;Park,WS,Dong,SM,Kim,SY,Na,EY,Shin,MS,Pi,JH,Kim,BJ,Bae,JH,Hong,YK,Lee,KS,Lee,SH,Yoo,NJ,Jang,JJ,Pack,S,Zhuang,Z,Schmidt,L,Zbar,B,andLee,JY;1999,SomaticmutationsinthekinasedomainoftheMet/hepatocytegrowthfactorreceptorgeneinchildhoodhepatocellularcarcinomas,CancerRes.,59,307-310;Rahimi,N,Tremblay,E,McAdam,L,Park,M,Schwall,R,andElliott,B;1996,Identificationofahepatocytegrowthfactorautocrineloopinamurinemammarycarcinoma,CellGrowthDiffer.,7,263-270;Schmidt,L,Duh,FM,Chen,F,Kishida,T,Glenn,G,Choyke,P,Scherer,SW,Zhuang,Z,Lubensky,I,Dean,M,Allikmets,R,Chidambaram,A,Bergerheim,UR,Feltis,JT,Casadevall,C,Zamarron,A,Bernues,M,Richard,S,Lips,CJ,Walther,MM,Tsui,LC,Geil,L,Orcutt,ML,Stackhouse,T,Lipan,J,Slife,L,Brauch,H,Decker,J,Niehans,G,Hughson,MD,Moch,H,Storkel,S,Lerman,MI,Linehan,WM,andZbar,B;1997,GermlineandsomaticmutationsinthetyrosinekinasedomainoftheMETproto-oncogeneinpapillaryrenalcarcinomas,Nat.Genet.,16,68-73;Schmidt,L,Junker,K,Weirich,G,Glenn,G,Choyke,P,Lubensky,I,Zhuang,Z,Jeffers,M,Vande,WG,Neumann,H,Walther,M,Linehan,WM,andZbar,B;1998,TwoNorthAmericanfamilieswithhereditarypapillaryrenalcarcinomaandidenticalnovelmutationsintheMETproto-oncogene,CancerRes.,58,1719-1722)。从作用机理上来说,c-Met过量表达与致癌基因Ki-ras突变共同提高体内结肠癌细胞的致瘤性(Long,IS,Han,K,Li,M,Shirasawa,S,Sasazuki,T,Johnston,M,andTsao,MS;MetreceptoroverexpressionandoncogenicKi-rasmutationcooperatetoenhancetumorigenicityofcoloncancercellsinvivo,Mol.CancerRes.,2003,1,393-401)。
有趣的是,有些证据表明,MET信号与Wnt/β-catenin途径的相互作用经常在结肠癌中加强。前列腺素E2(PGE2)可激活MET,并且前列腺素E2激活的c-Met与β-catenin相关而且增加其酪氨酸磷酸化,从而诱导结肠癌细胞的浸润性(Pai,R,Nakamura,T,Moon,WS,andTarnawski,AS;Prostaglandinspromotecoloncancercellinvasion;signalingbycross-talkbetweentwodistinctgrowthfactorreceptors,FASEBJ,2003,17,1640-1647)。最近,有研究说明了MET和β-catenin可相互激活,导致结直肠肿瘤癌变中这两个主要因素间的正反馈环路(Rasola,A,Fassetta,M,De,BF,D′Alessandro,L,Gramaglia,D,DiRenzo,MF,andComoglio,PM;Apositivefeedbackloopbetweenhepatocytegrowthfactorreceptorandbeta-cateninsustainscolorectalcancercellinvasivegrowth,Oncogene,2007,26,1078-1087)。
原发性结直肠癌(n=36)中的c-MetmRNA表达水平是早期浸润和疾病局部转移的预测性标记物,这与结肠癌的期别直接相关(Takeuchi,H,Bilchik,A,Saha,S,Turner,R,Wiese,D,Tanaka,M,Kuo,C,Wang,HJ,andHoon,DS;c-METexpressionlevelinprimarycoloncancer:apredictoroftumorinvasionandlymphnodemetastases,ClinCancerRes.,2003,9,1480-1488)。另一项对130个结直肠癌样本中c-Met表达的分析显示,c-Met在69%的原发性结直肠癌中过度表达(T/N>2.0)并且在有血管浸润(P=0.04)以及晚期(P=0.04)的结直肠癌中c-Met水平显著增高,这支持了c-Met在人结直肠癌进展和转移中的作用(Zeng,Z,Weiser,MR,D′Alessio,M,Grace,A,Shia,J,andPaty,PB;Immunoblotanalysisofc-Metexpressioninhumancolorectalcancer:overexpressionisassociatedwithadvancedstagecancer,ClinExp.Metastasis,2004,21,409-417)。另一项研究显示,60名结肠腺癌患者中,有69%和60%的患者癌中c-Met表达比邻近正常粘膜分别高2倍和10倍(Kammula,US,Kuntz,EJ,Francone,TD,Zeng,Z,Shia,J,Landmann,RG,Paty,PB,andWeiser,MR;Molecularco-expressionofthec-Metoncogeneandhepatocytegrowthfactorinprimarycoloncancerpredictstumorstageandclinicaloutcome,CancerLett.,2007,248,219-228)。因此,c-Met信号传导增强在早期结直肠癌中经常发生,但在晚期和转移性癌肿中表达大大提高。
细胞周期蛋白D1(CCND1)
CCND1属高度保守的细胞周期蛋白家族,其成员的特点是在整个细胞周期中都富含蛋白。细胞周期蛋白的功能是调节CDK激酶。不同的细胞周期蛋白表现出不同的表达和降解模式,以进行每个有丝分裂活动的时序协调。该细胞周期蛋白可形成一种复合物,作为CDK4或CDK6的一种调节亚基,其活性是细胞周期G1/S期转换所需的。这种改变细胞周期进程的基因之突变、扩增和过量表达经常可在各种肿瘤中观察到,并可能有助于肿瘤癌变(Fu,M,Wang,C,LI,Z,Sakamaki,T,andPestell,RG;Minireview:CyclinD1:normalandabnormalfunctions,Endocrinology,2004,145,5439-5447)。
常见的A/G单核苷酸多态性(A870G)导致a、b两种不同的mRNA异构体。交替拼接异构体b可编码一种截短蛋白,该截短蛋白与较高的肿瘤发病率有关(包括肺癌、结肠癌和其它癌种)(Fu,M,Wang,C,LI,Z,Sakamaki,T,andPestell,RG;Minireview:CyclinD1:normalandabnormalfunctions,Endocrinology,2004,145,5439-5447)。
对于结直肠癌,也经常报道有CCND1在mRNA和蛋白水平上过量表达(Sutter,T,Doi,S,Carnevale,KA,Arber,N,andWeinstein,IB;ExpressionofcyclinsD1andEinhumancolonadenocarcinomas,JMed,1997,28,285-309;Mermelshtein,A,Gerson,A,Walfisch,S,Delgado,B,Shechter-Maor,G,Delgado,J,Fich,A,andGheber,L;ExpressionofD-typecyclinsincoloncancerandincelllinesfromcoloncarcinomas,Br.JCancer,2005,93,338-345;Balcerczak,E,Pasz-Walczak,G,Kumor,P,Panczyk,M,Kordek,R,Wierzbicki,R,andMirowski,M;CyclinD1proteinandCCND1geneexpressionincolorectalcancer,Eur.JSurg.Oncol.,2005,31,721-726;Bondi,J,Husdal,A,Bukholm,G,Nesland,JM,Bakka,A,andBukholm,IR;Expressionandgeneamplificationofprimary(A,B1,D1,D3,andE)andsecondary(CandH)cyclinsincolonadenocarcinomasandcorrelationwithpatientoutcome,JClinPathol.,2005,58,509-514;Perez,R,Wu,N,Klipfel,AA,andBeart,RW,Jr.;Abettercellcycletargetforgenetherapyofcolorectalcancer:cyclinG,JGastrointest.Surg.,2003,7,884-889;Wong,NA,Morris,RG,McCondochie,A,Bader,S,Jodrell,DI,andHarrison,DJ;CyclinD1overexpressionincolorectalcarcinomainvivoisdependentonbeta-cateninproteindysregulation,butnotk-rasmutation,JPathol.,2002,197,128-135;McKay,JA,Douglas,JJ,Ross,VG,Curran,S,Murray,GI,Cassidy,J,andMcLeod,HL;CyclinD1proteinexpressionandgenepolymorphismincolorectalcancer.AberdeenColorectalInitiative,Int.JCancer,2000,88,77-81;Bartkova,J,Lukas,J,Strauss,M,andBartek,J;ThePRAD-1/cyclinD1oncogeneproductaccumulatesaberrantlyinasubsetofcolorectalcarcinomas,Int.JCancer,1994,58,568-573)。
CCND1是结直肠癌经常上调的β-Catenin-TCF/LEF途径这一既定事实也可解释上述现象(Shtutman,M,Zhurinsky,J,Simcha,I,Albanese,C,D′Amico,M,Pestell,R,andBen-Ze′ev,A;ThecyclinD1geneisatargetofthebeta-catenin/LEF-1pathway,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A,1999,96,5522-5527;Tetsu,OandMcCormick,F;Beta-cateninregulatesexpressionofcyclinD1incoloncarcinomacells,Nature,1999,398,422-426)。
CCND1增强表达预示着肿瘤分级高、有转移以及生存期下降(Balcerczak,E,Pasz-Walczak,G,Kumor,P,Panczyk,M,Kordek,R,Wierzbicki,R,andMirowski,M;CyclinD1proteinandCCND1geneexpressionincolorectalcancer,Eur.JSurg.Oncol.,2005,31,721-726;Bahnassy,AA,Zekri,AR,E1-Houssini,S,E1-Shehaby,AM,Mahmoud,MR,Abdallah,S,andE1-Serafi,M;CyclinAandcyclinD1assignificantprognosticmarkersincolorectalcancerpatients,BMC.Gastroenterol.,2004,4,22;McKay,JA,Douglas,JJ,Ross,VG,Curran,S,Murray,GI,Cassidy,J,andMcLeod,HL;CyclinD1proteinexpressionandgenepolymorphismincolorectalcancer.AberdeenColorectalInitiative,Int.JCancer,2000,88,77-81;Maeda,K,Chung,Y,Kang,S,Ogawa,M,Onoda,N,Nishiguchi,Y,Ikehara,T,Nakata,B,Okuno,M,andSowa,M;CyclinD1overexpressionandprognosisincolorectaladenocarcinoma,Oncology,1998,55,145-151)。
基质金属蛋白酶7(基质溶解素,子宫)(MMP7)
基质金属蛋白酶(MMP)系属结构相关的锌依赖蛋白酶的大家族,通常描述为可降解细胞外基质降解成分。各种已确认的MMP显示在肿瘤中表达增加,大多数肿瘤显示MMP活性增强(Curran,SandMurray,GI;1999,Matrixmetalloproteinasesintumourinvasionandmetastasis,JPathol.,189,300-308;Curran,SandMurray,GI;2000,Matrixmetalloproteinases:molecularaspectsoftheirrolesintumourinvasionandmetastasis,Eur.JCancer,36,1621-1630)。
基底膜和细胞外基质是恶性肿瘤浸润的两个物理障碍,而MMP对其降解作用在肿瘤进展和转移性扩散中起着关键作用(Johnsen,M,Lund,LR,Romer,J,Almholt,K,andDano,K;1998,Cancerinvasionandtissueremodeling:commonthemesinproteolyticmatrixdegradation,Curr.Opin.CellBiol.,10,667-671;Nelson,AR,Fingleton,B,Rothenberg,ML,andMatrisian,LM;2000,Matrixmetalloproteinases:biologicactivityandclinicalimplications,JClinOncol.,18,1135-1149;Wang,FQ,So,J,Reierstad,S,andFishman,DA;2005,Matrilysin(MMP-7)promotesinvasionofovariancancercellsbyactivationofprogelatinase,Int.JCancer,114,19-31)。除了上述功能,MMP还参与肿瘤的发生和发展(包括在细胞凋亡、细胞增殖和细胞分化的作用)目前正在讨论中。这些功能都与MMP介导的非基质蛋白水解及与其酶活性不同的作用相关(Egeblad,MandWerb,Z;2002,Newfunctionsforthematrixmetalloproteinasesincancerprogression,Nat.Rev.Cancer,2,161-174;Leeman,MF,Curran,S,andMurray,GI;2003,Newinsightsintotherolesofmatrixmetalloproteinasesincolorectalcancerdevelopmentandprogression.J.Pathol.,201,528-534)。
最近的研究表明,一些基质金属蛋白酶,特别是基质溶解素(MMP7),与参与结直肠癌发展的特异性分子遗传和信号通路相互作用。特别是,基质溶解素在结直肠早期癌变时被β-catenin信号通路激活(Brabletz,T,Jung,A,Dag,S,Hlubek,F,andKirchner,T;1999,beta-cateninregulatestheexpressionofthematrixmetalloproteinase-7inhumancolorectalcancer,Am.JPathol.,155,1033-1038;Leeman,MF,Curran,S,andMurray,GI;2003,Newinsightsintotherolesofmatrixmetalloproteinasesincolorectalcancerdevelopmentandprogression,J.Pathol.,201,528-534;Zucker,SandVacirca,J;2004,Roleofmatrixmetalloproteinases(MMPs)incolorectalcancer,CancerMetastasisRev.,23,101-117)。
MMP7在良性和恶性结直肠肿瘤中都过量表达(Ishikawa,T,Ichikawa,Y,Mitsuhashi,M,Momiyama,N,Chishima,T,Tanaka,K,Yamaoka,H,Miyazakic,K,Nagashima,Y,Akitaya,T,andShimada,H;1996,Matrilysinisassociatedwithprogressionofcolorectaltumor,CancerLett.,107,5-10;McDonnell,S,Navre,M,Coffey,RJ,Jr,andMatrisian,LM;1991,Expressionandlocalizationofthematrixmetalloproteinasepump-1(MMP-7)inhumangastricandcoloncarcinomas,Mol.Carcinog.,4,527-533;Miyazaki,K,Hattori,Y,Umenishi,F,Yasumitsu,H,andUmeda,M;1990,Purificationandcharacterizationofextracellularmatrix-degradingmetalloproteinase,matrin(pump-1),secretedfromhumanrectalcarcinomacellline,CancerRes.,50,7758-7764;Nagashima,Y,Hasegawa,S,Koshikawa,N,Taki,A,Ichikawa,Y,Kitamura,H,Misugi,K,Kihira,Y,Matuo,Y,Yasumitsu,H,andMiyazaki,K;1997,Expressionofmatrilysininvascularendothelialcellsadjacenttomatrilysin-producingtumors,Int.JCancer,72,441-445;Newell,KJ,Witty,JP,Rodgers,WH,andMatrisian,LM;1994,Expressionandlocalizationofmatrix-degradingmetalloproteinasesduringcolorectaltumorigenesis,Mol.Carcinog.,10,199-206;Yoshimoto,M,Itoh,F,Yamamoto,H,Hinoda,Y,Imai,K,andYachi,A;1993,ExpressionofMMP-7(PUMP-1)mRNAinhumancolorectalcancers,Int.JCancer,54,614-618)。MMP7是肿瘤细胞真正分泌的少数几种MMP之一(Overall,CMandKleifeld,O;2006,Tumourmicroenvironment-opinion:validatingmatrixmetalloproteinasesasdrugtargetsandanti-targetsforcancertherapy,Nat.Rev.Cancer,6,227-239)。此外,MMP7mRNA表达水平与预示着结直肠癌发展期别(Ishikawa,T,Ichikawa,Y,Mitsuhashi,M,Momiyama,N,Chishima,T,Tanaka,K,Yamaoka,H,Miyazakic,K,Nagashima,Y,Akitaya,T,andShimada,H;1996,Matrilysinisassociatedwithprogressionofcolorectaltumor,CancerLett.,107,5-10;Mori,M,Barnard,GF,Mimori,K,Ueo,H,Akiyoshi,T,andSugimachi,K;1995,Overexpressionofmatrixmetalloproteinase-7mRNAinhumancoloncarcinomas,Cancer,75,1516-1519)。在结直肠癌的转移中,MMP7起着关键作用(Adachi,Y,Yamamoto,H,Itoh,F,Hinoda,Y,Okada,Y,andImai,K;1999,Contributionofmatrilysin(MMP-7)tothemetastaticpathwayofhumancolorectalcancers,Gut,45,252-258;Mori,M,Barnard,GF,Mimori,K,Ueo,H,Akiyoshi,T,andSugimachi,K;1995,Overexpressionofmatrixmetalloproteinase-7mRNAinhumancoloncarcinomas,Cancer,75,1516-1519)。
血清MMP7水平升高预示着晚期结直肠癌患者的预后差(Maurel,J,Nadal,C,Garcia-Albeniz,X,Gallego,R,Carcereny,E,Almendro,V,Marmol,M,Gallardo,E,Maria,AJ,Longaron,R,Martinez-Fernandez,A,Molina,R,Castells,A,andGascon,P;2007,Serummatrixmetalloproteinase7levelsidentifiespoorprognosisadvancedcolorectalcancerpatients,Int.JCancer,PublishedOnline:8May2007),在结直肠患者中过量表达又能导致生存期下降,这表明通过肿瘤细胞上的Fas裂解可促进其从免疫监视中逃逸(Wang,WS,Chen,PM,Wang,HS,Liang,WY,andSu,Y;2006,Matrixmetalloproteinase-7increasesresistancetoFas-mediatedapoptosisandisapoorprognosticfactorofpatientswithcolorectalcarcinoma,Carcinogenesis,27,1113-1120)。
本发明中的蛋白可作为多种癌症的肿瘤特异性免疫反应的标靶。
乙型肝炎病毒核心抗原肽HBV-001并非来自内源性人肿瘤相关抗原,而是来自于乙肝病毒核心抗原。首先,有了它,就可对TUMAP诱导的细胞反应量进行量化比较,从而可得出抗肿瘤反应能力的重要结论。其次,它可在患者缺乏任何T细胞反应时,作为重要的阳性对照。第三,有了它还可以对患者的免疫功能状态得出结论。
乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染是引起肝病的主要原因之一,全球约有3.5亿人受其影响(Rehermann,BandNascimbeni,M;ImmunologyofhepatitisBvirusandhepatitisCvirusinfection,Nat.Rev.Immunol.,2005,5,215-229)。由于该病毒较容易进行水平和垂直传播并可能发展为慢性疾病,这些慢性疾病可能导致肝硬化和肝癌,因此,乙肝病毒对全球很多国家的公共卫生系统产生重大影响。乙型肝炎病毒基因组(Previsani,NandLavanchy,D;2002,HepatitisB,(EpidemicandPandemicAlertandResponse,WorldHealthOrganization,Geneva,2002)由部分双链环状DNA组成。在乙肝病毒体中,含有核心蛋白HBc和其他蛋白质一起形成核衣壳,包裹于含脂质的外部包膜以及表面蛋白家族HBs(也称为包膜蛋白)中。与HBc和HBs相关的抗原决定簇分别为HbcAg和HBsAg。这些抗原与血清学反应,如患者血液中发现的抗体反应有关,并且是临床上最有用的乙型肝炎病毒感染诊断抗原-抗体系统之一。HBc代表所有先前无HBV感染者的一种新型外来抗原。由于这种抗原熟知免疫原性肽(Bertoletti,A,Chisari,FV,Penna,A,Guilhot,S,Galati,L,Missale,G,Fowler,P,Schlicht,HJ,Vitiello,A,Chesnut,RC,and.;1993,DefinitionofaminimaloptimalcytotoxicT-cellepitopewithinthehepatitisBvirusnucleocapsidprotein,J.Virol.,67,2376-2380;Livingston,BD,Crimi,C,Grey,H,Ishioka,G,Chisari,FV,Fikes,J,Grey,H,Chesnut,RW,andSette,A;1997,ThehepatitisBvirus-specificCTLresponsesinducedinhumansbylipopeptidevaccinationarecomparabletothoseelicitedbyacuteviralinfection,J.Immunol.,159,1383-1392),因此,HbcAg中一种由10个氨基酸组成的肽被选定为IMA内的一种阳性对照抗原。那么,对HBc肽特异性CTL的诱导将被看作患者免疫功能和成功疫苗接种的一个指标。
该药物组合物还可包含更有效的其他肽和/或赋形剂,将进一步解释如下。
发明人用给定氨基酸序列的“变种氨基酸序列”表示,一个或多个氨基酸残基等的侧链通过取代另一个自然产生的氨基酸残基的侧链或其他侧链而改变,这样,这种肽仍然能够以含有给定氨基酸序列的肽大致同样的方式与HLA分子结合。例如,一种肽可能被修饰以便至少维持(如果不提升的话)其与HLA-A或HLA-DR等合适的MHC分子互动和结合,以及至少维持(如果不提升的话)其产生能识别和杀伤细胞(这些细胞表达含本发明中所定义的一种氨基酸序列的多肽)的激活CTL的能力。正如数据库中所述,HLA-A结合肽的某些位点通常为锚定残基,可形成一种与HLA结合槽的结合基序相称的核心序列。
这些不与T细胞受体互动的氨基酸残基可通过取代另一个几乎不影响T细胞反应并不妨碍与相关MHC结合的氨基酸而得到修饰。因此,除了特定限制性条件外,本发明中的肽可能为任何包括给定氨基酸序列或段或变体的肽(发明人所用的这个术语包括寡肽或多肽)。
MHC-II类提呈肽更为大家熟知,这些肽由具有某种HLA特异性氨基酸基序并且N和/或C-端随意延伸(不干扰肽核心序列功能,如,被视为与肽和T细胞相互作用无关)的“核心序列”组成。N-和/或C端可分别延伸1至10个氨基酸的长度。这些肽可直接用于加载MHC-II类分子或其序列可克隆入下文所述载体。由于这些肽可在细胞内形成较大肽加工过程的最终产物,因此,也可用长肽。本发明中肽的大小不限,但通常它们的分子量可能小于100000,优选为小于50000,更优选为小于10000,通常约为5000。对于氨基酸残基数目,本发明中的肽可能少于1000个残基,优选为少于100个残基,更优选为少于500个残基。因此,本发明还提出了总长度为8至100个、优选为8至30个、最优选为8至16个(即8、9、10、11、12、13、14、15或16个)氨基酸的肽或变体的复合物。
相应地,诱导T细胞与本发明中的肽发生交叉反应的变体往往为长度可变的变体。
如果长度约为12个氨基酸残基的肽直接与MHC-II类分子结合,那么,两侧有核心HLA结合区、且不会对该肽与MHC-II类分子的结合槽特异性结合能力或该肽提呈至CTL的能力产生重大影响的残基则为优选。但是,正如上所述,应了解,可使用较大的肽(特别是核苷酸进行编码时),因为这些较大的肽可被适当的抗原提呈细胞分成片段。
MHC-I类表位(通常长度为8至10个氨基酸)也可能由肽从较长的肽或包含实际表位的蛋白中加工而产生。与MHC-II表位相似,两侧有结合区、不会对该肽与MHC-I类分子的结合槽特异性结合能力或该肽提呈至CTL的能力产生重大影响、也不会掩盖加工过程中暴露实际表位所需蛋白裂解位点的残基为MHC-I类表位的优选。
因此,本发明还提出了总长度为8至100个、优选为8至30个、最优选为8至16个(即8、9、10、11、12、13、14、15或16个)氨基酸的MHC-I类表位的肽或变体。
当然,本发明中的肽或变体能与人主要组织相容性复合体(MHC)I或II类分子结合。肽或变体与MHC复合物结合性可用本领域内的已知方法进行测试,例如,本发明下列实施例中所述的方法或文献中所述的检测不同MHC-II类等位基因的方法(例如,VogtAB,KropshoferH,KalbacherH,KalbusM,RammenseeHG,ColiganJE,MartinR;LigandmotifsofHLA-DRB5*0101andDRB1*1501moleculesdelineatedfromself-peptides;JImmunol.1994;153(4):1665-1673;MalcherekG,GnauV,StevanovicS,RammenseeHG,JungG,MelmsA;Analysisofallele-specificcontactsitesofnaturalHLA-DR17ligands;JImmunol.1994;153(3):1141-1149;ManiciS,SturnioloT,ImroMA,HammerJ,SinigagliaF,NoppenC,SpagnoliG,MazziB,BelloneM,DellabonaP,ProttiMP;MelanomacellspresentaMAGE-3epitopetoCD4(+)cytotoxicTcellsinassociationwithhistocompatibilityleukocyteantigenDR11;JExpMed.1999;189(5):871-876;HammerJ,GallazziF,BonoE,KarrRW,GuenotJ,ValsasniniP,NagyZA,SinigagliaF;PeptidebindingspecificityofHLA-DR4molecules:correlationwithrheumatoidarthritisassociation;.JExpMed.1995181(5):1847-1855;TompkinsSM,RotaPA,MooreJC,JensenPE;AeuropiumfluoroimmunoassayformeasuringbindingofantigentoclassIIMHCglycoproteins;JImmunolMethods.1993;163(2):209-216;BoytonRJ,LohmannT,LondeiM,KalbacherH,HalderT,FraterAJ,DouekDC,LeslieDG,FlavellRA,AltmannDM;GlutamicaciddecarboxylaseTlymphocyteresponsesassociatedwithsusceptibilityorresistancetotypeIdiabetes:analysisindiseasediscordanthumantwins,non-obesediabeticmiceandHLA-DQtransgenicmice;IntImmunol.1998(12):1765-1776)。
氨基酸其他N和/或C端延伸处不一定能形成作为MHC分子表位的肽,但对有效将本发明中的肽引进细胞具有重要作用。在本发明的一实施案中,本发明的肽为融合蛋白,含来自NCBI、GenBank登录号X00497的HLA-DR抗原相关不变链(p33,以下称为“Ii”链)的80个N-端氨基酸等(Strubin,M.,Mach,B.andLong,E.O.ThecompletesequenceofthemRNAfortheHLA-DR-associatedinvariantchainrevealsapolypeptidewithanunusualtransmembranepolarityEMBOJ.3(4),869-872(1984)。
优选的药物组合物,其中这些肽的总长度可为8至100个氨基酸、优选为8至30个氨基酸,最优选为8至16个氨基酸。
此外,该肽或变体可进一步修饰以提高稳定性和/或与MHC分子结合,从而引发更强的免疫反应。肽序列的该类优化方法是本领域内所熟知的,包括,例如,反式肽键和非肽键的引入。
因此,另一方面,本发明提出了一种药物组合物,其中,至少有一个含非肽键的肽或变体。
在反式肽键氨基酸中,肽(-CO-NH-)并未连接其残基,但是其肽键是反向的。这种逆向反向模拟肽(retro-inversopeptidomimetics)可通过本领域已知的方法制备,例如:Meziere等在《免疫学杂志》((1997)J.Immunol.159,3230-3237)中所述的方法,以引用的方式并入本文。这种方法涉及制备包含骨架(而并非侧链)改变的模拟肽。Meziere等人(1997年)的研究显示,这些模拟肽有利于MHC和辅助性T细胞的反应。以NH-CO键替代CO-NH肽键的逆向反向肽大大地提高了抗水解性能。
非肽键为-CH2-NH、-CH2S-、-CH2CH2-、-CH=CH-、-COCH2-、-CH(OH)CH2-和-CH2SO-等。美国4897445号专利提出了多肽链中非肽键(-CH2-NH)的非固相合成法,该方法涉及按标准程序合成的多肽以及通过氨基醛和一种含NaCNBH3的氨基酸相互作用而合成的非肽键。
含本发明上述序列的肽可与其氨基和/或羧基末端的其他化学基团进行合成,从而提高肽的稳定性、生物利用度、和/或亲和力等。例如,苄氧羰基、丹酰基等疏水基团或叔丁氧羰基团可加入肽的氨基末端。同样,乙酰基或9-芴甲氧羰基可能位于肽的氨基末端。此外,如疏水基团、叔丁氧羰基团或氨基团都可能被加入肽的羧基末端。
另外,本发明中的所有肽都可能经合成而改变其空间构型。例如,可能使用这些肽的一个或多个氨基酸残基的右旋体,通常不是其左旋体。更进一步地,本发明中肽的至少一个氨基酸残基可被熟知的一个非天然氨基酸残基取代。诸如此类的改变可能有助于增加本发明肽的稳定性、生物利用度和/或结合作用。
同样,本发明中的肽或变体可在合成肽之前或之后通过特异氨基酸的反应而进行化学修饰。此类修饰的实施例为本领域所熟知,例如,在R.Lundblad所著的ChemicalReagentsforProteinModification(3rded.CRCPress,2005)中有概述,以参考文献的方式并入本文。氨基酸的化学修饰方法包括(但不限于)通过以下方法修饰:酰基化、脒基化、赖氨酸吡哆基化、还原烷基化、以2,4,6-三硝基苯磺酸(TNBS)三硝基苯基化氨基团、通过将半胱氨酸过甲酸氧化为磺基丙氨酸而对羧基团和巯基进行氨基修饰、形成易变衍生物、与其他巯基化合物形成混合二硫化合物、与马来酰亚胺反应,与碘乙酸或碘乙酰胺羧甲基化、在碱性pH值下与氰酸盐甲氨酰化,上述方法无限制。在这方面,技术人员参考了CurrentProtocolsInProteinScience(Eds.Coliganetal.(JohnWiley&SonsNY1995-2000))中第15章所述的在蛋白质化学修饰相关的广泛方法。
简言之,修饰蛋白质的精氨酰残基等往往依赖于邻二羰基化合物(如苯甲酰甲醛、2,3-丁二酮以及1,2-烯巳二酮)的反应而形成加合物。另一个实施例是丙酮醛与精氨酸残基反应。半胱氨酸可在赖氨酸和组氨酸等亲核位点不作随同修饰的情况下就得到修饰。因此,有大量试剂可进行半胱氨酸的修饰。Pierce化学公司、Sigma-Aldrich公司以及其他公司的网站有具体试剂的信息。
蛋白质中二硫键的选择性还原也很普遍。二硫键可在生物制药热处理中形成和氧化。
伍德沃德氏试剂K可用于修饰特定的谷氨酸残基。N-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-N′-乙基-碳二亚胺可用于形成赖氨酸残基和谷氨酸残基的分子内交联。
例如:焦碳酸二乙酯是修饰蛋白质组氨酸残基的试剂。组氨酸也可使用4-羟基-2-壬烯醛进行修饰。
赖氨酸残基与其他α-氨基团的反应,例如,有利于肽结合到蛋白/肽的表面或交联处。赖氨酸聚是多(乙烯)乙二醇的附着点,也是蛋白质糖基化的主要修饰位点。
蛋白质的蛋氨酸残基可通过碘乙酰胺、溴乙胺、氯胺T等被修饰。
四硝基甲烷和N-乙酰基咪唑可用于酪氨酸残基的修饰。经二酪氨酸形成的交联可通过过氧化氢/铜离子完成。
对色氨酸修饰的最近研究中使用了N-溴代琥珀酰亚胺、2-羟基-5-硝基苄溴或3-溴-3-甲基-2-(2-硝苯巯基)-3H-吲哚(BPNS-粪臭素)。
当蛋白与戊二醛、聚乙二醇二丙烯酸酯和甲醛的交联用于配制水凝胶时,治疗性蛋白和含聚乙二醇的肽的成功修饰往往可延长循环半衰期。针对免疫治疗的变态反应原化学修饰往往通过氰酸钾的氨基甲酰化实现。
一般来说,肽和变体(至少含氨基酸残基之间的肽联接)可使用Lu等人(1981)J.Org.Chem.46,3433)以及此处列出的参考文献所披露的固相肽合成Fmoc-聚酰胺模式等方法进行合成。
纯化可通过以下技术的任何一种或组合方法实现,如:再结晶法、体积排阻色谱法、离子交换色谱法、疏水作用色谱法以及(通常)反相高效液相色谱法(如使用乙腈/水梯度分离)。
肽分析可使用以下方法进行:薄层色谱法、电泳法、特别是,毛细管电泳法、固相萃取法(CSPE)、反相高效液相色谱法、酸水解后的氨基酸分析、快原子轰击(FAB)质谱分析法以及MALDI、ESI-Q-TOF质谱分析法。
另一方面,本发明提出了一种编码本发明中肽或变体的核酸(如多聚核苷酸)。多聚核苷酸可能为DNA、cDNA、PNA、CAN、RNA等或为单链和/或双链,或多聚核苷酸的原生或稳定形式,如:具有硫代磷酸骨架的多聚核苷酸,或其组合物,并且只要它编码肽,就可能包含也可能不包含内含子。当然,多聚核苷酸只能编码加入天然肽键并含有天然氨基酸残基的肽。另一个方面,本发明提出了一种可根据本发明表达多肽的表达载体。不同类型细胞的表达载体为本领域所熟知并且无需过度不当实验就可选定。
一般来说,DNA可以适当的方向和正确的表达阅读框架附着到一种表达载体(如质粒)中。如有必要,该DNA可能与所需宿主所识别的相应转录和翻译调节控制核苷酸序列连接,尽管表达载体中一般存在此类控制功能。然后,该载体通过标准技术被引入宿主。
指导可参阅,如:Sambrook等(1989)所著MolecularCloning,ALaboratoryManual,ColdSpringHarborLaboratory,ColdSpringHarbor,NY。
但是,在本发明的一个特别优选实施方案中,药物组合物至少包括两种含有从SEQIDNO1至SEQIDNO15所选的氨基酸序列的肽。
疫苗所含每种肽的最佳量以及最佳给药方案可由一名对本领域技术人员确定,而无需进行过度不当实验。例如,肽或其变体可制备为静脉(i.v)注射剂、皮下(s.c)注射剂、皮内(i.d.)注射剂、腹腔(i.p.)注射剂、肌肉(i.m.)注射剂。肽注射的优选途径为s.c、i.d.、i.p.、i.m.和i.v注射。DNA注射的优选途径为i.d.、i.m.、s.c.、i.p.和i.v注射。例如,给予1至500mg、50μg至1.5mg,优选为125μg至500μg的肽或DNA,这取决于具体的肽或DNA。上述剂量范围在以前的试验中成功使用(BrunsvigPF,AamdalS,GjertsenMK,KvalheimG,Markowski-GrimsrudCJ,SveI,DyrhaugM,TrachselS,M,EriksenJA,GaudernackG;.Telomerasepeptidevaccination:aphaseI/IIstudyinpatientswithnon-smallcelllungcancer;CancerImmunolImmunother.2006;55(12):1553-1564;M.Staehler,A.Stenzl,P.Y.Dietrich,T.Eisen,A.Haferkamp,J.Beck,A.Mayer,S.Walter,H.Singh,J.Frisch,C.G.Stief;AnopenlabelstudytoevaluatethesafetyandimmunogenicityofthepeptidebasedcancervaccineIMA901,ASCOmeeting2007;AbstractNo3017)
本发明的药物组合物可能会进行汇编,其中,从而组合物中肽的选择和所含数量都能特异性地针对组织、癌症和/或患者。例如,特定组织中亲本蛋白的表达模式可引导肽的准确选择,从而避免副作用。这种选择可能会依赖于待治疗患者具体的癌症类型、以及疾病状态、早期治疗方案、患者免疫状态,当然,还有患者的HLA单倍型。此外,根据特定患者的个人需求,本发明的疫苗可包含个性化成分。根据特定患者的相关TAA的表达、由于个人过敏或其它治疗方法而产生的意外副作用、以及第一轮治疗后对二次治疗或治疗方案的调整,各实施例中的肽含量有所不同。
对于用作结直肠癌疫苗的一种组合物,例如,亲本蛋白在正常组织中高表达的肽在本发明的组合物中将会避免使用或含量较低。另一方面,如果已知某个患者的肿瘤高表达某种蛋白,则治疗这种癌症的各药物组合物可能含有大量和/或一个以上针对这种特定蛋白的肽,或者可能含有这种蛋白的通路。
技术人员可通过以下测试选择免疫原性肽的优选组合,如:测试体外T细胞的产生情况及其效果和总量、针对某些肽的某些T细胞的增殖、亲和力和扩增,以及通过分析IFN-γ.的产生(参阅下文实施例)测试T细胞的功能性。通常为了上述之目的,最有效的肽然后组合为一种疫苗。
一种合适的疫苗将优选为包含1至20个肽,更优选为2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13、14、15、16、17、18、19或20个不同的肽,进一步优选为6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13或14个不同的肽,最优选为14个不同的肽。用于癌症疫苗的肽长度为任何合适的肽。特别是,它可能是一种合适的9-mer肽或一种合适的7-mer或8-mer或10-mer或11-mer肽或12-mer、13-mer、14-mer或15-mer肽.。较长的肽也可能适合,附表1和2中所述的9-mer或10-mer肽优选为MHC-I类肽,而12-至15-mer肽优选为MHC-II类肽。
肽组成了肿瘤或癌症疫苗。该疫苗可直接给到患者的受影响器官,也可全身给药,或体外应用到来自患者或其细胞株的细胞(随后再将这些细胞注入到患者中),或体外用于从来自患者的免疫细胞的一个细胞亚群(然后再将细胞重新给予患者)。
该肽可能为纯肽,也可能是与免疫刺激佐剂的组合物(见下文)、或与免疫刺激细胞因子联合使用、或以适当的输送系统给药,例如脂质体。该肽也可共轭形成一种合适的载体如钥孔虫戚血蓝蛋白(KLH)或甘露到合适的载体(参阅WO95/18145及Longenecker等(1993)Ann.NYAcad.Sci.690,276-291)。该肽也可进行标记、或是一种融合蛋白或是杂合分子。本发明中给出肽序列的肽预期会刺激CD4或CD8CTL。但是,有反向CD阳性T细胞提供帮助时,刺激更为有效。因此,对于刺激CD4CTL的MHC-II类表位,一种杂合分子的融合伙伴或片段提供了刺激CD8阳性T细胞的适当表位。另一方面,对于刺激CD8CTL的MHC-I类表位,一种杂合分子的融合伙伴或片段提供了刺激CD4阳性T细胞的适当表位。CD4-和CD8刺激表位为本领域所熟知、并包括本发明中确定的表位。
为了引发免疫反应,通常疫苗有必要包括使该组合物具有更多免疫原性的辅料。因此,在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,本药物组合物进一步包括了至少一种合适的佐剂。
佐剂是那些非特异性地增强或加强免疫反应的物质(例如,通过CTL和辅助T(TH)细胞介导的对一种抗原的免疫应答,因此被视为对本发明的药剂有用。
适合的佐剂包括(但不仅限于)1018ISS、铝盐、Amplivax、AS15、BCG、CP-870,893、CPG7909、CyaA、dSLIM、GM-CSF、IC30、IC31、Imiquimod、ImuFactIMP321、ISPatch、ISS、ISCOMATRIX、JuvImmune、LipoVac、MF59、单磷酰脂A、MontanideIMS1312、MontanideISA206、MontanideISA50V、MontanideISA-51、OK-432、OM-174、OM-197-MP-EC、ONTAK、载体系统、PLG微粒、resiquimod、SRL172、病毒颗粒和其他病毒样颗粒、YF-17D、VEGFtrap、R848、β-葡聚糖、Pam3Cys、源自皂角苷、分支杆菌提取物和细菌细胞壁合成模拟物的Aquila公司的QS21刺激子(Aquila生物技术公司,Worcester,MA,USA),以及其他专有佐剂,如:Ribi′sDetox。Quil或Superfos。优选佐剂如:弗氏不完全佐剂或GM-CSF。前面一对一些树突状细胞特异性免疫佐剂(如MF59)及其制备方法进行了描述(DupuisM,MurphyTJ,HigginsD,UgozzoliM,vanNestG,OttG,McDonaldDM;Dendriticcellsinternalizevaccineadjuvantafterintramuscularinjection;CellImmunol.1998;186(1):18-27;AllisonAC;Themodeofactionofimmunologicaladjuvants;DevBiolStand.1998;92:3-11)。也可使用细胞因子。一些细胞因子直接影响树突状细胞向淋巴组织迁移(如,TNF-),加速树突状细胞成熟为T淋巴细胞的有效抗原提呈细胞(如,GM-CSF、IL-1和IL-4)(美国5849589号专利,特别以其参考文献的完整形式并入本文),并充当免疫佐剂(如,IL-12)(GabrilovichDI,CunninghamHT,CarboneDP;IL-12andmutantP53peptide-pulseddendriticcellsforthespecificimmunotherapyofcancer;JImmunotherEmphasisTumorImmunol.1996(6):414-418)。
据报告,CpG免疫刺激寡核苷酸可提高佐剂在疫苗中的作用。如果没有理论的约束,CpG寡核苷酸可通过Toll样受体(TLR)(主要为TLR9)激活先天(非适应性)免疫系统从而起作用。CpG引发的TLR9活化作用提高了对各种抗原的抗原特异性体液和细胞反应,这些抗原包括肽或蛋白抗原、活病毒或被杀死的病毒、树突状细胞疫苗、自体细胞疫苗以及预防性和治疗性疫苗中的多糖结合物。更重要的是,它会增强树突状细胞的成熟和分化,导致TH1细胞的活化增强以及细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(CTL)生成加强,甚至CD4T细胞帮助的缺失。甚至有疫苗佐剂的存在也能维持TLR9活化作用诱发的TH1偏移,这些佐剂如:正常促进TH2偏移的明矾或弗氏不完全佐剂(IFA)。CpG寡核苷酸与以下其他佐剂或配方一起制备或联合给药时,表现出更强的佐剂活性,如微粒、纳米粒子、脂肪乳或类似制剂,当抗原相对较弱时,这些对诱发强反应尤为必要。他们还能加速免疫反应,使抗原剂量减少约两个数量级,在有些实验中,对不含CpG的全剂量疫苗也能产生类似的抗体反应(ArthurM.Krieg,TherapeuticpotentialofToll-likereceptor9activation,NatureReviews,DrugDiscovery,2006,5,471-484)。美国6406705B1号专利对CpG寡核苷酸、非核酸佐剂和抗原结合使用促使抗原特异性免疫反应进行了描述。市售CpGTLR9拮抗剂为Mologen公司(德国柏林)的dSLIM(双干环免疫调节剂),这是本发明药物组合物的优选成分。也可使用其他如TLR结合分子,如:RNA结合TLR7、TLR8和/或TLR9。
其他有用的佐剂例子包括(但不限于)化学修饰性CpG(如CpR、Idera)、Poly(I:C)(如polyI:C12U)、非CpG细菌性DNA或RNA以及免疫活性小分子和抗体,如:咪唑喹啉、环磷酰胺、舒尼替单抗、西乐葆、NCX-4016、西地那非、他达拉非、伐地那非、索拉非尼、XL-999、CP-547632、帕唑帕尼、ZD2171、AZD2171、ipilimumab、tremelimumab和SC58175,这些药物都可能有治疗作用和/或充当佐剂。技术人员无需过度进行不当实验就很容易确定本发明中有用的佐剂和添加剂的数量和浓度。
优选佐剂为dSLIM、BCG、OK432、咪喹莫特、PeviTer和JuvImmune。
本发明药物组合物的一个优选实施方案中,佐剂从含集落刺激因子制剂中选择,如粒细胞巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(GM-CSF,沙格司亭)。
在本发明药物组合物的一个优选实施方案中,佐剂为咪喹莫特。
此组合药物为非肠道注射使用,如皮下、皮内、肌肉注射,也可口服。为此,肽和其他选择性分子在药用载体中分解或悬浮,优选为水载体。此外,组合物可包含辅料,如:缓冲剂、结合剂、冲击剂、稀释剂、香料、润滑剂等。这些肽也可与免疫刺激物质合用,如:细胞因子。可用于此类组合物的更多辅料可在从A.Kibbe所著的HandbookofPharmaceuticalExcipients(第3版,2000年,美国医药协会和制药出版社)等书中获知。此组合药物可用于阻止、预防和/或治疗腺瘤或癌性疾病,优选为结直肠癌。
细胞毒性T细胞(CTL)可识别与MHC分子而不是与完整外来抗原本身结合的以一种肽形式出现的抗原。MHC分子本身位于抗原提呈细胞的细胞表面。因此,只有出现肽抗原、MHC分子和APC三聚体复合物时,才可能激活CTL。相应地,如果并非只有该肽用于激活CTL,而是添加了含各MHC分子的额外APC,则可提高免疫反应。
因此,在本发明药物组合物的一个优选实施方案中,另外至少包含一种抗原提呈细胞。
抗原提呈细胞(或刺激因子细胞)通常在其表面有一个MHC-I类或II类分子,在一个实施方案中,该抗原提呈细胞自身基本上不能向MHC-I类或II类分子载入选定抗原。正如下面的更为详细描述,MHC-I类或II类分子在体外可很容易载入选定抗原。
优选情况是,哺乳动物细胞缺乏TAP肽转运载体或水平下降或功能降低。缺乏TAP肽转运载体的适合细胞包括T2、RMA-S和果蝇细胞。TAP表示“转运载体相关的抗原加工”。
人体肽载入的缺陷细胞株T2从属美国菌种保藏中心(ATCC,12301ParklawnDrive,Rockville,Maryland20852,美国)目录号CRL1992;果蝇细胞株Schneider2号株从属ATCC目录CRL19863;小鼠RMA-S细胞株Karre和Ljunggren(985)在《实验医学杂志》(J.Exp.Med.162,1745)中有过描述。这些细胞株可作为抗原提呈细胞(APC),由于缺乏TAP,MHC-I类分子提呈的所有的肽几乎都受到关注,用于外部载入这些细胞株的空载MHC-I类分子,因此所有作用都将无疑地归因于使用的肽。
抗原提呈细胞优选为树突状细胞。适当的树突状细胞为自体树突状细胞,用抗原肽作脉冲处理。抗原肽可以是产生适当T细胞反应的任何合适的抗原肽。Murphy等人(1996)在《前列腺》杂志(TheProstate29,371-380以及TheProstate32,272-278)中披露了一种使用自体树突状细胞的T细胞疗法,自体树突状细胞由一种抗原相关肿瘤的肽进行脉冲处理。
因此,在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,至少包含一种抗原提呈细胞的药物组合物以该肽进行脉冲处理或进行加载,例如,通过实施例4的方法。
作为一种替代物,抗原提呈细胞包括一个编码肽的表达载体。多聚核苷酸可能选为任何合适的多聚核苷酸,优选为能转导树突状细胞,从而提呈一种肽并诱导免疫性。
本发明的核酸优选为由一种病毒核苷酸或病毒组成。例如,腺病毒转导的树突状细胞表明可诱导与MUC1相关的抗原特异性抗肿瘤免疫(参阅Gongetal(1997)GeneTher.4,1023-1028)。同样地,也可使用基于腺病毒的系统(例如参阅,Wanetal(1997)Hum.GeneTher.8,1355-1363);可使用逆转录病毒系统(Spechtetal(1997)J.Exp.Med.186,1213-1221和Szabolcsetal(1997)(也可使用血液颗粒介导移转至树突状细胞的方法(Tutingetal(1997)Eur.J.Immunol.27,2702-2707);亦可使用RNA(Ashleyetal(1997)J.Exp.Med.186,11771182)。
一般来说,本发明中,含有发明中的一种(多种)核酸的药物组合物可用本发明中那些含有肽的药物复合物的相似给药方式给予,如:静脉注射、动脉注射、腹腔注射、肌肉注射、皮内注射、瘤内注射、口服、经皮、经鼻腔、经口腔、经直肠、经阴道、吸入、或外用。
由于逃逸机制的原因,肿瘤往往对治疗药物产生耐药。耐药性可能在治疗期间出现,并转移和复发肿瘤中表现出来。为了避免这种耐药性,肿瘤通常通过联合给药治疗,转移瘤和无病期后复发的肿瘤后往往需要不同的药物组合来治疗。因此,在本发明的一方面,药物组合物与第二种抗癌药物结合使用。第二种药物可在本发明中的药物组合物给药之后给予,也可同时给药。例如,如果化学性质相容,本发明中的药物组合物可与第二种抗癌药物混合使用,从而实现同时给药。同时给药的另一种方法是,本组合物与抗癌药物同一天给药,给药途径可不同,例如,本发明的药物组合物可注射给药,而第二种抗癌药物可口服。药物组合物和第二种抗癌药物也可在同一疗程给药,但是不在同一天和/或在不同的疗程内给药。
另一个方面,本发明提出了一种治疗或预防患者癌症的方法,包括给予患者本发明中的任何一种药物组合物的有效治疗量。
有效治疗量是指能引发免疫反应的量,特别是激活CTL亚群。本领域的技术人员可使用免疫学标准方法很容易确定使用量是否有效,如:本说明书实施例中的方法。监测本药物组合物某种量效果的方法是观察受治疗肿瘤的生长和/或其复发情况。
在本发明药物组合物的一个特别优选实施方案中,本药物组合物作为抗癌疫苗使用。
含肽组合物或肽编码的核酸也可以构成肿瘤或癌症的疫苗。该疫苗可直接给到患者的受影响器官,也可全身给药,或体外应用到来自患者或其细胞株的细胞(随后再将这些细胞注入到患者中),或体外用于从来自患者的免疫细胞的一个细胞亚群(然后再将细胞重新给予患者)。
本发明的药物组合物可用于治疗癌症或作为癌症疫苗使用。癌种可能是口腔癌、咽癌,消化道癌、结肠癌、直肠癌、肛门癌、呼吸道癌、乳腺癌、宫颈癌、阴道癌、外阴癌、子宫体癌、卵巢癌、男性生殖道癌、尿道癌、骨癌、软组织癌、卡波西肉瘤、皮肤黑色素瘤、眼黑色素瘤、非黑色素瘤眼癌、脑癌、中枢神经系统癌、甲状腺癌、其他内分泌腺癌、霍奇金淋巴瘤、非霍奇金淋巴瘤、骨髓瘤,优选为肾癌、结直肠癌、肺癌、乳腺癌、胰腺癌、前列腺癌、胃癌、脑癌、胃肠道间质瘤或胶质母细胞瘤。
根据本发明,治疗方法或疫苗的一个最优选实施方案中,疫苗为治疗结直肠癌的一种多肽肿瘤疫苗。该疫苗优选包括从SEQIDNo.1至SEQIDNo.15选定的一系列肿瘤相关肽,它们已经被确定位于原发性结直肠癌中。这些肽包括HLA-I类和II类肽。这些肽还可至少包括乙肝病毒核心抗原中的一种肽,这种肽为正性控制肽,是检测皮内给药疗效的免疫标记物。在一个特别的实施方案中,疫苗包括14种肽(根据SEQIDNo.1至SEQIDNo.15),每种肽含量约为1500μg至75μg,优选为约1000μg至750μg,更优选为约500μg至600μg,最优选为约578μg,所有的肽都可用HPLC和离子交换色谱法进行纯化,外观为白色或类白色粉末。真空冻干粉最好溶于碳酸氢钠,在室温下重组后30分钟用于皮内注射。根据本发明,肽的首选含量约为0.1至100mg,优选为约0.1至1mg,最优选为每500mg的溶液中约300μg至800μg。在此,如果未具体说明,“约”一词系指给定值的+/-10%。技能娴熟的人能根据以下因素调整肽的实际使用量,如:患者个体的免疫状态和/或特定癌种所提呈的TUMAP含量。本发明的肽可能有其它形式(无菌溶液等),而不是真空冻干粉。
本发明中含肽和/或核酸的药物制剂给予罹患与各种肽或抗原相关的腺瘤或癌性疾病患者。通过这种方法可以触发T细胞介导的免疫反应。
根据本发明,优选的一种药物组合物,其中(尤其是肿瘤相关的)肽、核酸或表达载体含量为组织、癌症和/或患者特异性含量。
本发明的另一实施方案中,疫苗为核酸疫苗。接种核酸疫苗(如DNA疫苗)编码多肽会导致T细胞反应。该疫苗可直接给到患者的受影响器官,也可全身给药,或体外应用到来自患者或其细胞株的细胞(随后再将这些细胞注入到患者中),或体外用于从来自患者的免疫细胞的一个细胞亚群(然后再将细胞重新给予患者)。如果核酸给予体外细胞,可能有益于细胞转染,以共同表达免疫刺激细胞因子,如白细胞介素-2或GM-CSF。核酸可完全单独给药,也可与免疫刺激佐剂或与免疫刺激细胞因子联合使用,或以适当的输送系统给药,例如脂质体。核酸疫苗可与佐剂一起使用,如上述与肽疫苗一起使用的佐剂。核酸疫苗优选为不与佐剂联合给药。
多聚核苷酸可完全单独给药,可用合适的载体或输送系统给药。合适的载体和输送系统包括病毒系统,如基于腺病毒、牛痘病毒、逆转录病毒、疱疹病毒、腺相关病毒或含一种以上病毒元素的混合病毒的系统。非病毒输送系统包括阳离子脂质体和阳离子聚合物,都是DNA输送本领域内熟知的方法。也可使用物理输送系统,如通过“基因枪”。肽或核酸编码的肽可以是一种融合蛋白,例如,含破伤风类毒素的一个表位(刺激CD-4阳性T细胞)。
适当的情况是,给予患者的任何核酸都是无菌、无热原的。裸DNA可肌肉注射、皮内注射或皮下注射。核酸疫苗优选可包括任何合适的核酸输送工具。核酸,优选为DNA,也可用一种脂质体或病毒载体输送系统输送。如果是核酸疫苗(如DNA疫苗),首选注入肌肉,而肽疫苗首选皮下注射。疫苗也优选注入皮内。
我们认为,核酸的吸收和专业抗原提呈细胞(如树突状细胞)编码的肽的表达可能是免疫反应的启动机制所致;然而,树突状细胞可能不会被转染,但是由于它们可能会从组织中的转染细胞中挑选出被表达的肽,因此仍然很重要(“交叉启动”,例如,ThomasAM,SantarsieroLM,LutzER,ArmstrongTD,ChenYC,HuangLQ,LaheruDA,GogginsM,HrubanRH,JaffeeEM.Mesothelin-specificCD8(+)Tcellresponsesprovideevidenceofinvivocross-primingbyantigen-presentingcellsinvaccinatedpancreaticcancerpatients.JExpMed.2004Aug2;200(3):297-306)。
Conry等(1996年)在《肿瘤学论文集》(SeminarsinOncology23,135-147)中、Condon等(1996年)在《自然-医学》(NatureMedicine2,1122-1127)中、Gong等(1997年)在《自然-医学》(NatureMedicine3,558-561)中、Zhai等(1996年)在《免疫学杂志》(J.Immunol.156,700-710)中、Graham等(1996年)在《国际癌症杂志》(IntJ.Cancer65,664-670)中、Burchell等(1996)309-313在BreastCancer,Advancesinbiologyandtherapeutics一文中、Calvo等(eds)、JohnLibbeyEurotext都对多聚核苷酸介导的癌症免疫化治疗进行了描述,以完整引用形式并入本文。
这也可能有益于疫苗特异性靶向作用于细胞群(例如抗原提呈细胞),可使用局部注射、使用靶向性载体和输送系统、或对患者该类细胞群的选择性纯化以及体外给予肽或核酸(例如,树突状细胞可按Zhou等人(1995年)在Blood86,3295-3301中、Roth等人(1996年)在Scand.J.Immunology43,646-651中所述的方法进行分类)。例如,靶向性载体可包括一个组织或肿瘤特异性启动子,引导抗原在适当的位置表达。
最后,本发明的疫苗可由待治疗患者具体的癌症类型、以及疾病状态、早期治疗方案、患者免疫状态所决定,当然,还有患者的HLA单倍型。此外,根据特定患者的个人需求,本发明的疫苗可包含个性化成分。根据特定患者的相关TAA的表达、由于个人过敏或其它治疗方法而产生的意外副作用、以及第一轮治疗后对二次治疗或治疗方案的调整,各实施例中的肽含量有所不同。
本发明中的肽除了用于治疗癌症,也可用于诊断。由于肽由胶质母细胞瘤产生,并且这些肽确定不在正常组织中出现,因此这些肽可用于诊断癌症是否存在。
含本发明肽的组织切片有助于病理师诊断癌症。用抗体、质谱或其它本领域内已知的方法检测本发明的某些肽可使病理师判断该组织为恶性的、炎症还是一般病变。本发明肽的提出使得能对病变组织进行分类或进一步分成子类。
对病变标本中本发明肽的检测使得能对免疫系统治疗方法的利益进行判断,特别是如果T淋巴细胞已知或预计与作用机制有关。MHC表达的缺失是一种机制,充分说明了哪些受感染的恶性细胞逃避了免疫监视。因此,本发明肽的提出表明,分析过的细胞并没有利用这种机制。
本发明的肽可用于分析对本发明肽发生的淋巴细胞反应(如T细胞反应),或对本发明肽发生的抗体反应,或分析本发明中与MHC分子络合的肽。这些淋巴细胞反应可以作为预后指标,决定是否采取进一步的治疗。这些反应也可以用作免疫疗法中的替代指标,旨在以不同方式诱导淋巴细胞反应,如接种蛋白疫苗、核酸、自体材料、淋巴细胞过继转移。基因治疗中,对本发明肽发生的淋巴细胞反应可以在副作用的评估中考虑。淋巴细胞反应监测也可能成为移植疗法复查中的一种有价值的工具,如,用于检测移植物抗宿主和宿主抗移植物疾病。
本发明中的肽可用于生成和开发出针对MHC/肽复合物的特定抗体。这些抗体可用于治疗,将毒素或放射性物质靶向作用于病变组织。这些抗体的另一用途是为了成像之目的(如PET)将病变组织作为放射性核素的靶标。这可有助于检测小转移灶或确定病变组织的大小和准确位置。此外,可用这些肽在活检样本的基础上验证病理师对癌症的诊断。
在另一个方面,本发明涉及一种套件,包括(a)一个容器,包含上述溶液或冻干粉形式的药物组合物;(b)可选项,第二个容器,含冻干粉剂型的稀释剂或重组溶液;及(c)可选项,(i)使用溶液或(ii)重组和/或使用冻干粉剂型的说明。该套件还包括一个或多个(iii)缓冲剂,(iv)稀释剂,(v)过滤液,(vi)针,或(v)注射器。容器优选为瓶子、西林瓶、注射器或试管;也可为多用途容器。药物组合优选为冻干粉剂。
本发明中的套件优选包含一种置于合适容器中的冻干制剂以及重组和/或使用说明。适当的容器包括,例如瓶子、西林瓶(如双室瓶)、注射器(如双室注射器)和试管。该容器可能由多种材料制成,如玻璃或塑料。优选情况是,套件和/或容器上有说明,表明重组和/或使用的指示。例如,标签可能表明冻干剂型重组为上述肽浓度。该标签可进一步表明制剂用于皮下注射。
存放制剂的容器可使用多用途西林瓶,使得可重复给予(例如,2-6次)重组剂型。该套件可进一步包括装有合适稀释剂(如碳酸氢钠溶液)的第二个容器。
稀释液和冻干制剂混合后,重组制剂中的终肽浓度优选为至少0.15mg/mL/肽(=75μg),不超过3mg/mL/肽(=1500μg)。该套件还可包括商业和用户角度来说可取的其他材料,包括其他缓冲剂、稀释剂,过滤液、针头、注射器和带有使用说明书的包装插页。
本发明中的套件可能有一个单独的容器,其中包含药品成分的制定根据与其他组件或无本发明(例如,其他化合物或及其药物组合物)或可能有明显的每个组件的容器。
优选情况是,本发明的套件包括与本发明的一种制剂,包装后与第二种化合物(如佐剂(例如GM-CSF)、化疗药物、天然产品、激素或拮抗剂、抗血管生成剂或抑制剂、凋亡诱导剂或螯合剂)或其药物组合物联合使用。该套件的组件可预络合或每个组件在给予患者之前可放置于单独的不同容器。该套件的组件可以是一种或多种溶液,优选为水溶液,更优选为无菌水溶液。该套件的组件也可为固体形式,加入合适的溶剂后转换为液体,最好放置于另一个不同的容器中。
治疗套件的容器可能为西林瓶、试管、烧瓶、瓶子、注射器、或任何其他指装载固体或液体的工具。通常,当多于一个组件时,套件将包含第二个西林瓶或其他容器,使得可以单独计量。该套件还可能包含另一个装载药用液体的容器。优选情况是,治疗套件将包含一个设备(如,一个或多个针头、注射器、滴眼器、吸液管等),使得可注射本发明的药物(本套件的组合物)。
本发明的药物配方适合以任何可接受的途径进行肽给药,如口服(肠道)、鼻内、眼内、皮下、皮内、肌内,静脉或经皮给药。优选为皮下给药,最优选为皮内给药,也可通过输液泵给药。
应该认识到,此处披露和描述的本发明特点不仅可联合使用,而且也可以单独的方式使用,只要在本发明的预期用途范畴内。为了本发明之目的,所有参考文献均以完整引用的形式并入本文。
下列参考图、序列表和实施例将对本发明进行详细描述。以下实施例仅作为说明之用,而不是为了限制本发明。
附图说明
图1:微球促使的外周血ODC-001和NOX-001特异性CD8+淋巴细胞增殖的四聚体技术分析。与抗CD28+高密度肿瘤抗原A*0201/ODC-001(上板)或抗CD28+高密度肿瘤抗原A*0201/NOX-001(下板)耦合的微球每周对每孔中健康HLA-A*0201的1x106CD8+浓缩PBMC+供体HD100进行刺激。经过三次体外刺激,所有的细胞用抗体CD8FITC+四聚体A*0201/NOX-001PE和A*0201/ODC-001APC进行染色。细胞在淋巴细胞群或CD8+淋巴细胞(右板)上得到门控,并且数字代表四聚体+CD8+淋巴细胞群内的百分比。
图25个刺激周期后干扰素γ酶联免疫斑点(IFNγELISPOT)检测到的TGFBI-004体外免疫原性。TGFBI-004反复引发和再刺激细胞,然后以分别相关TGFBI-004(第1、2、3和4孔)和不相关(阴性对照)肽进行培养。IFNγELISPOT检测后,对ELISPOT阅读器(CTL公司,美国克利夫兰)进行分析。植物血凝素离子霉素作为阳性对照。数字表示阳性点计数。
图3:5个刺激周期后ICS检测到的TGFBI-004体外免疫原性。负载TGFBI-004的DC引发细胞,自体PBMC+TGFBI-004反复再刺激细胞。对于读出细胞分别以相关TGFBI-004(第1、2、3和4孔)和不相关(阴性对照)肽进行培养。除了细胞内IFNγ染色,细胞还用CD4-FITC和CD8-PerCP抗体染色。用四色流式细胞仪(BD生物科学公司,德国)进行分析。
图4:NOX-001肽体外重刺激后T细胞株产生IFNγ的ELISPOT分析。A.T细胞株7+源自供体HBC-154(分选的CD8+NOX-001四聚体+);B.T细胞株7-源自供体HBC-154(分选的CD8+NOX-001四聚体-)。分选的CD8+NOX-001四聚体+(A.)和分选的CD8+NOX-001四聚体-(B.)细胞在用不相关(MLA-001)(上孔)和相关(NOX-001)(下孔)肽(10μg/ml)重新刺激之后,用IFNγELISPOT法分析。数字表示阳性点计数。
图5:四个HLA-A2健康供体用CEA-004刺激后流式细胞术分析得出的CEA-004特异性CD8+T细胞频率。
图6:HLA-A*0201等位基因编码的本发明HLA-I类肽对MHC分子的亲和性。
实施例
1.合成与结构
肽通过使用Fmoc化学以标准、广为接受的固相合成法合成。制备液HPLC纯化之后,进行离子交换纯化程序从而加入生理相容性反离子(醋酸或氯化物)。最后,在冻干后制得白色至类白色固体。在制造过程中由于技术原因,除了IMA-CCN-001以氯化盐形式存在之外,其它所有TUMAP都作为醋酸盐给予。
重要的是,肽的身份和纯度可很容易使用质谱、氨基酸分析法和HPLC分析法确定,并且确认精确度高。根据分析结果,IMA910疫苗所用的所有肽都显示出正确的结构,纯度为95%以上。
表:IMA910肽的物理化学特征
重组后获得的颗粒,通过直接捕捉每个颗粒(0.25至100μm)的图像之后进行分析从而测量其粒度分布和颗粒形状。结果发现大多数(>95%)粒子的大小在0.25至0.27μm之间。到目前为止,在重组后1、2或3小时内未发现颗粒大小和形状分布上有很大的差异。
2.典型药物组合物IMA910的组成
IMA910由合成肿瘤相关肽(TUMAP)的混合物组成,其中大部分已在原发性结直肠癌细胞中得到确定。TUMAP包括10种能激活细胞毒性T细胞(CD8+T细胞)的HLA-I类结合肽以及3种能激活T辅助细胞(CD4+T细胞)的HLA-II类结合肽。辅助性T细胞通过释放细胞因子而辅助细胞毒性T细胞的功能,此类细胞因子能提高CD8+T细胞杀伤力,也可直接作用于肿瘤细胞(Knutson,KLandDisis,ML;AugmentingThelpercellimmunityincancer,Curr.DrugTargets.Immune.Endocr.Metabol.Disord.,2005,5,365-371)。除了这13种TUMAP外,IMA910包含一种病毒控制肽。
手术切除的恶性肿瘤样本和结直肠肠癌患者的正常组织以及健康供体的血液以循序渐进的方法进行分析:
首先使用微阵列全基因组mRNA表达分析法来确定恶性肿瘤组织与一系列正常器官和组织相比过度表达的基因。
在第二个步骤中,恶性肿瘤的HLA配体用质谱法确定。
随后,确定的HLA配体与基因表达数据进行比较。第1步中检测到的选择性表达或过度表达基因所编码的肽考虑为多肽疫苗的合适候选TUMAP。
文献检索以确定更多证据以支持确认为TUMP的肽的相关性。
最后,使用多种免疫检测方法(体外T细胞检测法)检测健康个体中的外周血CD8+T细胞对肿瘤相关HLA配体的活性。
表3:IMA910TUMAP组合物。
IMA910含有10种HLA-A*02(I类)和3个HLA-DR(II类)TUMAP。此外,也包括HBV-001病毒标志物肽,在此未罗列。
3.肿瘤样本中IMA910所含表位的提呈
制备
手术切除组织标本由fürAllgemeine,Viszeral-undTransplantationschirurgie,Tübingen获得每名患者的书面知情同意后提供。
从组织样本中分离HLA肽
根据方案略加修改,使用HLA-A*02特异性抗体BB7.2或HLA-A、HLA-B、HLA-C特异性抗体W6/32、CNBr活化的琼脂糖凝胶、酸处理和超滤方法以固体组织的免疫沉淀法获得了冷休克组织样本的HLA肽库(Falk,K.,Rotzschke,O.,Stevanovic,S.,Jung,G.&Rammensee,H.G.Allele-specificmotifsrevealedbysequencingofself-peptideselutedfromMHCmolecules.Nature1991,351,290-296;Seeger,F.H.etal.TheHLA-A*6601peptidemotif:predictionbypocketstructureandverificationbypeptideanalysis.Immunogenetics1999,49,571-576)。
用电喷雾-液相色谱质谱(ESI-LCMS)检测TUMAP
IMA910所含表位用质谱法在结直肠癌样本上进行了系统搜索。获得HLA肽库根据其疏水性用反相色谱(CapLC,Waters)分离,洗脱肽用装备电喷雾源的四极杆-飞行时间串联质谱(Q-TOFUltima,Waters)进行了分析。肽库被载到C18预处理柱进行浓缩和脱盐。载入后,C18预处理柱排成一行,用填充5μmC18反相材料(Dionex)的熔炼石英微毛细管柱(75μm内径x250mm)进行分离。溶剂A为4mM醋酸铵/水。溶剂B为2M浓度为80%乙腈/水中的醋酸铵。这两种溶剂均用甲酸将pH值调整为3.0。对15%至60%的溶剂B在90分钟内进行二元梯度色谱法分析,分流系统将应用流量从5μl/min降低至200nl/min。金镀膜玻璃毛细管(PicoTip,NewObjective)用于引入到微电喷雾源。TOF分析仪的积分时间为1.9秒,扫描间延迟时间为0.1秒。对于已定义肽的检测,根据已知分子量和肽在色谱系统中的停留时间,在ESI-LCMS实验中进行了高灵敏度筛选。因此,在选择前体中,应用一个清单,其中含先前确定的肽(单电荷和/或双电荷)的m/z值。随后,用碰撞诱导解离(CID)质谱(ESI-LCMS/MS)揭示序列。生成的自然TUMAP破碎模式与合成序列相同参考肽的破碎模式进行比较后,确保了TUMP的序列。使用企业内标准-丰富内源性HLA-A*02肽(从DDX5获得的YLLPAIVHI)的强度和存留时间,评价了HLA纯化产量和分析系统的可复制性,包括保留时间的稳定性。因此,这些实验中为了检测先前确认的TUMAP所用的结直肠癌样本纳入标准在LCMS/MS实验中(企业内标双电荷信号,YLLPAIVHI)每次扫描的最小强度设定为650次,以确保成功分离HLA肽以及分析系统的性能。
表3显示了不同阶段结肠和直肠癌样本以及源自这两种原发性肿瘤转移癌的分析结果。大部分样本中都发现了所有HLA-A*02TUMAP。HLA-DRTUMAP一般很少需要再次检测。这是因为每个核心序列都可能村子HLA-II类肽、几种长度可变的变体。
表3:重新检测结直肠癌样本中的TUMAP
n.a.未作分析
4.IMA910MHC-I类提呈肽的体外免疫原性
为了获知关于IMA910包括的肽免疫原性方面的信息,我们使用了Walter,S、Herrgen,L、Schoor,O、Jung,G、Wernet,D、Buhring,HJ、Rammensee,HG和Stevanovic,S等人2003年在Cuttingedge:predeterminedavidityofhumanCD8TcellsexpandedoncalibratedMHC/anti-CD28-coatedmicrospheres,J.Immunol.,171,4974-4978一文中所述的被广为接受的体外刺激平台进行了研究。用这种方法,IMA910中得到检测的10种HLA-A*0201限制肽都显示出正向免疫原性数,这表明这些肽为人CD8+前体T细胞的T细胞表位。IMA910(MUC-001)中所含的唯一另外一种HLA-I类肽不能使用此方法进行检测,因为该TUMAP的A*0201亲和力较低。
最近的证据给CEA-005对癌症疫苗的用处带来了严峻的挑战。在最近的一项综合研究中(Iero,M,Squarcina,P,Romero,P,Guillaume,P,Scarselli,E,Cerino,R,Carrabba,M,Toutirais,O,Parmiani,G,Rivoltini,L;LowTCRavidityandlackoftumorcellrecognitioninCD8(+)TcellsprimedwiththeCEA-analogueCAP1-6Dpeptide,CancerImmunolImmunother.2007Dec;56(12):1979-91),作者首次系统地描述了CEA-005激活的T细胞对原生序列CEA-004的效应子功能。在结直肠癌患者和健康者的大量血液样本中,观察到T细胞和CEA-005的激活可重复促进低亲和性T细胞(这些细胞无能力识别表达CEA的结直肠癌细胞提呈的原生序列)的生成。对原生序列进行这种无效低亲和力交叉识别可能时使用改变肽配体的疫苗接种方案中普遍存在的一个问题,在另一种CEA肽及其改变激动剂的最近报道中有相似结果也证实了这一点(Alves,PM,Viatte,S,Fagerberg,T,Michielin,O,Bricard,G,Bouzourene,H,Vuilleumier,H,Kruger,T,Givel,JC,Levy,F,Speiser,DE,Cerottini,JC,Romero,P;Immunogenicityofthecarcinoembryonicantigenderivedpeptide694inHLA-A2healthydonorsandcolorectalcarcinomapatients,CancerImmunol.Immunother.,2007,56,1795-1805)。此外,在广为接受的黑色素瘤抗原Melan-A/MART-1及其激动剂的原生序列中也报告了这样的结果(D.Speiser,私下交流)。
总之,尽管改变激动剂肽的免疫原性普遍增强,但是最近的证据表明,原生肽可能是更具吸引力的候选疫苗,因为改变激动剂刺激的T细胞对其原生序列的交叉识别能力不足。这表明,CEA-004(CAP1)应优选为其激动剂,如WO9919478A1中所述,如,CEA-005(CAP1-6D)或CAP1-6D,7I。
事实上,大量数据表明了原生CEA-004序列本身的重要体外免疫原性。在一些研究中,已发现了癌症患者(不是健康供体)对这种肽发生了自发性诱导T细胞反应(Nagorsen,D,Keilholz,U,Rivoltini,L,Schmittel,A,Letsch,A,Asemissen,AM,Berger,G,Buhr,HJ,Thiel,E,Scheibenbogen,C;NaturalT-cellresponseagainstMHCclassIepitopesofepithelialcelladhesionmolecule,her-2/neu,andcarcinoembryonicantigeninpatientswithcolorectalcancer,CancerRes.2000,60,4850-4854;Weihrauch,MR,Ansen,S,Jurkiewicz,E,Geisen,C,Xia,Z,Anderson,KS,Gracien,E,Schmidt,M,Wittig,B,Diehl,V,Wolf,J,Bohlen,H,Nadler,LM;PhaseI/IIcombinedchemoimmunotherapywithcarcinoembryonicantigen-derivedHLA-A2-restrictedCAP-1peptideandirinotecan,5-fluorouracil,andleucovorininpatientswithprimarymetastaticcolorectalcancer,ClinCancerRes.2005,11,5993-6001;Babatz,J,Rollig,C,Lobel,B,Folprecht,G,Haack,M,Gunther,H,Kohne,CH,Ehninger,G,Schmitz,M,Bornhauser,M;Inductionofcellularimmuneresponsesagainstcarcinoembryonicantigeninpatientswithmetastatictumorsaftervaccinationwithalteredpeptideligand-loadeddendriticcells,CancerImmunol.Immunother.2006,55,268-276)。此外,使用CEA-004或CEA蛋白进行的疫苗接种方法已经被证明能有效刺激对CEA-004的T细胞反应(Tsang,KY,Zaremba,S,Nieroda,CA,Zhu,MZ,Hamilton,JM,Schlom,J;GenerationofhumancytotoxicTcellsspecificforhumancarcinoembryonicantigenepitopesfrompatientsimmunizedwithrecombinantvaccinia-CEAvaccine,JNatl.CancerInst.1995,87,982-990;Morse,MA,Deng,Y,Coleman,D,Hull,S,Kitrell-Fisher,E,Nair,S,Schlom,J,Ryback,ME,Lyerly,HK;APhaseIstudyofactiveimmunotherapywithcarcinoembryonicantigenpeptide(CAP-1)-pulsed,autologoushumancultureddendriticcellsinpatientswithmetastaticmalignanciesexpressingcarcinoembryonicantigen,ClinCancerRes.1999,5,1331-1338;Zhu,MZ,Marshall,J,Cole,D,Schlom,J,Tsang,KY;SpecificcytolyticT-cellresponsestohumanCEAfrompatientsimmunizedwithrecombinantavipox-CEAvaccine,ClinCancerRes.2000,6,24-33;Weihrauch,MR,Ansen,S,Jurkiewicz,E,Geisen,C,Xia,Z,Anderson,KS,Gracien,E,Schmidt,M,Wittig,B,Diehl,V,Wolf,J,Bohlen,H,Nadler,LM;PhaseI/IIcombinedchemoimmunotherapywithcarcinoembryonicantigen-derivedHLA-A2-restrictedCAP-1peptideandirinotecan,5-fluorouracil,andleucovorininpatientswithprimarymetastaticcolorectalcancer,ClinCancerRes.2005,11,5993-6001)。
CD8+T细胞体外启动
为了用载有肽-MHC复合物(pMHC)和抗CD28抗体的人工抗原提呈细胞(aAPC)进行体外刺激,我们首先运用标准密度梯度分离介质(德国科尔贝PAA公司)从新鲜HLA-A*02+血沉棕黄层中分离出PBMC(外周血单核细胞)。血沉棕黄层从Tübingen或KatharinenhospitalStuttgart的血库获得。分离出的PBMC在T细胞培养基(TCM)中培养过夜,在体外填装,包括RPMI-Glutamax(Invitrogen公司,卡尔斯鲁厄,德国)并补充10%热灭活人AB血清(PAA公司,科尔贝,德国),100U/ml青霉素ml/100μg/ml链霉素(Cambrex公司,韦尔维耶,比利时),1mM丙酮酸钠(CCPro公司,Neustadt,德国)和20μg/ml庆大霉素(Cambrex公司)。CD8+淋巴细胞根据制造商的说明使用CD8+MACS阳性选择套件(Miltenyi公司,BergischGladbach,德国)进行分离。获得的CD8+T细胞培养,直到TCM补充了2.5ng/ml的IL-7(PromoCell公司,海德堡,德国)和10U/ml的IL-2(Chiron公司,慕尼黑,德国)后才使用。pMHC/抗-CD28涂层珠的生成、T细胞的刺激和读出方法如前所述(Walter,S,Herrgen,L,Schoor,O,Jung,G,Wernet,D,Buhring,HJ,Rammensee,HG,andStevanovic,S;Cuttingedge:predeterminedavidityofhumanCD8TcellsexpandedoncalibratedMHC/anti-CD28-coatedmicrospheres,J.Immunol.,2003,171,4974-4978)并作微小改动。简言之,缺乏跨膜域和在重链羧基端中生物素化的生物素化重组HLA-A*0201分子用以下所述方法制成(Altman,JD,Moss,PA,Goulder,PJ,Barouch,DH,Heyzer-Williams,MG,Bell,JI,McMichael,AJ,andDavis,MM;Phenotypicanalysisofantigen-specificTlymphocytes,Science,1996,274,94-96)。纯化的共刺激小鼠IgG2a抗人CD28抗体9.3(Jung,G,Ledbetter,JA,andMuller-Eberhard,HJ;InductionofcytotoxicityinrestinghumanTlymphocytesboundtotumorcellsbyantibodyheteroconjugates,ProcNatlAcadSciUSA,1987,84,4611-4615)使用制造商(Perbio公司,波恩,德国)推荐的N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺生物素进行化学生物素化处理。所用珠为5.60μm的大链霉抗生物素蛋白包裹的多聚苯乙烯颗粒(BangsLabooratories,伊利诺伊州/美国)。作为阳性和阴性对照的pMHC分别为A*0201/MLA-001(从Melan-A/MART-1中修饰制得的肽ELAGIGILTV)和A*0201/DDX5-001(从DDX5中获得的YLLPAIVHI)或A*0201/HBV-001(FLPSDFFPSV)。
800.000珠/200μl包裹于96孔板,以600ng生物素抗CD28+200ng相关生物素pMHC(高密度珠)或2ng相关+200ng不相关(pMHC库)MHC(低密度珠)存在。在37℃下,在含5ng/mlIL-12(PromoCell)的200μlTCM中共培养1x106CD8+T细胞与2x105的清洗涂层珠3至4天,从而启动刺激。之后,一半培养基与补充80U/mlIL-2的新鲜TCM进行交换,并且培养在37℃下持续3至4天。这种刺激性周期总共进行3次。最后,在四色流式细胞仪(BD公司)上用荧光MHC四聚体(如Altman,JD,Moss,PA,Goulder,PJ,Barouch,DH,Heyzer-Williams,MG,Bell,JI,McMichael,AJ,andDavis,MM;Phenotypicanalysisofantigen-specificTlymphocytes,Science,1996,274,94-96所述方法制得)+抗体CD8-FITC克隆SK1(BD公司,海德堡,德国)进行四聚体分析。肽特异性细胞以占总CD8+T细胞的百分比形式进行计算。四聚体分析结果用FCSExpress软件(DeNovoSoftware公司)进行评估。特定四聚体+CD8+淋巴细胞的体外填装用适当的门控技术以及与阴性对照刺激组比较而进行检测。如果健康供体中的至少一个可评价的体外刺激孔在体外刺激后发现含有特异性CD8+T细胞株(即该孔包含至少1%特定四聚体+CD8+细胞,并且特定四聚体+的百分比至少为阴性对照刺激中位数的10倍),则检测给定抗原的免疫原性。
10IMA910肽的体外免疫原性
对于全部10种受到测试的HLA-I类肽,可通过肽特异性T细胞株的生成证明其体外免疫原性。代表性染色显示产生的NOX-001和ODC-001特异性T细胞株如图1所示。结果见表4。IMA910(MUC-001)中所含的唯一另外一种HLA-I类肽不能使用此方法进行测试,因为该TUMAP的A*0201亲和力较低,因此这使之在方法学上不可能使用pMHC单体进行此类刺激。
表4:IMA910所含10种HLA-I类肽的免疫原性
抗原 | 阳性供体/得到测试的供体 | 阳性孔/得到测试的孔 |
IMA-HBV-001 | 7/16(44%) | 10/107(9%) |
IMA-TGFBI-001 | 3/4(75%) | 4/22(18%) |
IMA-NOX-001 | 3/5(60%) | 9/60(15%) |
IMA-PCN-001 | 3/4(75%) | 4/42(10%) |
IMA-top-001 | 2/5(40%) | 7/72(10%) |
IMA-C20-001 | 1/5(20%) | 1/60(2%) |
IMA-ODC-001 | 1/5(20%) | 1/60(2%) |
IMA-HBV-001 | 2/5(40%) | 10/54(19%) |
IMA-CEA-004 | 4/4(100%) | 50/60(83%) |
IMA-CCN-001 | 5/5(100%) | 42/54(78%) |
IMA-MET-001 | 4/6(67%) | 30/72(42%) |
Immatics公司针对IMA910所含11种HLA-I类肽中的10种进行了体外免疫原性实验,结果总结如下。所示结果通过刺激高密度珠CD8+细胞而获得。由于不同批次的血清可能会大大影响免疫原性的结果,所以只评价了那些只使用同一批次血清的化验结果。
IMA-CEA-004体外刺T细胞
有4/6的供体可进行评价。在所有四个供体中,用CEA-004刺激后,能成功地诱导CEA-004针对T细胞的体外反应(见图表)。因此,CEA-004肽被证明是人CD8+T细胞体外反应的一个很强的诱因。重要的是,CEA-004与CEA-005相比,可反复引发更高频率的CEA-004特异性T细胞反(83%的孔对64%的孔,见表4)。与CEA-005刺激相比,CEA-004刺激后,各个阳性孔内CEA-004特异性细胞的频率也较高(见图5)。
流式细胞分析确定的4个健康HLA-A*02供体的肽特异性CD8+T细胞体外反应
CD8+T细胞用分别载有CEA-004、CEA-005或不相关肽(IMA-RSL-001)的人工抗原提呈细胞引入。经过3个周期的刺激后,用CEA-004-+CEA-005四聚体(表5A.)和CEA-004-+不相关A*0201-四聚体(表5B.)双染色对肽反应性细胞进行检测。表中显示的数代表须含有CEA-004+或CEA-005+CTL的孔所占百分比。所有实验使用的人血清批次均为C02104-0167。
表5A.
抗原刺激物 | 含CEA-004+四聚体+细胞的孔 |
CEA-004 | 50/60(83%) |
CEA-005 | 19/72(26%) |
表5B.
抗原刺激物 | 含CEA-004+四聚体+细胞的孔 |
CEA-004 | 50/60(83%) |
CEA-005 | 46/72(64%) |
CD8+T细胞从PBMC中分离,用分别载有CEA-004、RSL-001或DDX5-001肽的人工抗原提呈细胞引入。经过3个周期的刺激后,用CEA-004-+不相关A*0201-四聚体染色对肽反应性细胞进行检测。上述这些值代表了每个刺激孔CEA-004特异性细胞的百分比。RSL-001和DDX5-001刺激作为阴性对照。图5显示了四个HLA-A2健康供体用CEA-005刺激后流式细胞术分析得出的CEA-004特异性CD8+T细胞频率。阳性对照孔的阈值分别适用于每个供体并确定为阴性对照中位数的10倍,而且其值至少为1%。百分比高于阈值(≥1%)的孔被认为是阳性的,用粉红色菱形表示,而阴性对照孔用黑色菱形表示。
5.IMA910MHC-II类提呈肽的体外免疫原性
辅助T细胞在协助CTL激活和维持肿瘤细胞的免疫反应中发挥着重要作用。因此,MHC-II类肽被列入IMA910。TGFBI-004,IMA910中三个II类肽之一,对其体外免疫原性潜力进行了检测,结果证明它既是特异性CD4+T细胞也是CD8+T细胞的一种诱导物。使用自体系统刺激的实验显示生成了CD4+和功能性CD8+T淋巴细胞。
测试原理
特异性人CD4+和CD8+细胞的启动和扩增使用自体DC、通过单核细胞缺乏的PBMC启动以及使用自体PBMC进行重新刺激而进行体外检测。简言之,为了生成抗原特异性CD4+T细胞,健康供体的单核细胞缺乏的PBMC(HLA基因型I类:A1/A25/B8/B18和II类:DQB1*02/DQB1*06/DRB1*03/DRB1*15/DRB3/DRB5)使用肽脉冲击自体DC进行了刺激并且使用了自体PBMC+肽进行了再刺激。作为一个读出系统,短期重刺激后的IFNγ产量用ELISPOT和流式细胞术进行了评估。在ELISPOT和细胞内IFNγ染色+CD4-FITC和CD8-PerCPT刺激8次之后,对T细胞进行了分析以确定特异性T细胞亚群中产生IFNγ细胞的百分比。在本实验中,对不同孔中的TGFBI-004所刺激的细胞,进行汇集、使用读出的不相关肽进行培养并作为阴性对照。
树突状细胞(DC)的生成
人DC从DC培养基中培养的单核细胞获得,培养基包括RPMI1640-Glutamax/25mMHepes(Invitrogen公司,德国)和10%自体血浆//100U/ml青霉素和100μg/ml链霉素。首先,血沉棕黄层和血浆经离心健康供体血液而获得(Tübingen血库)。然后,PBMC使用标准密度梯度分离法(淋巴细胞分离液,PAA公司,奥地利)从血沉棕黄层中分离,并在DC培养液中悬浮以确定总细胞数。洗涤100-120MioPBMC,在15mlX-Vivo20培养基BioWhittaker公司,比利时)中重新悬浮,并转移至细胞培养瓶。在37℃下待2小时后,含外周血白细胞(PBL)的培养液被清除,粘附单核细胞用10mlPBS洗涤两次并在用100ng/mlGM-CSF和30ng/mlIL-4(ImmunoTools公司,德国)或20ng/ml(R&Dsystems公司,德国)在10mlDC培养液中培养6天。在第3天和第5天,加入100ng/mlGM-CSF和30ng/mlIL-4(Immunotools公司)或20ng/mlIL-4(R&DSystems公司,德国)。第7天,未成熟的DC用10ng/mlTNF-α(R&DSystems公司,德国)和20μg/ml多聚(IC)(SigmaAldrich公司,德国)或100ng/mlLPS刺激24小时。其余的PBMC以及获得的PBL进行等分和冷冻。
特异性T细胞体外启动
为了生成CD4+T细胞,用2×105自体DC对3MioPBMC/PBL进行刺激。DCZ在第8天收集(参见第3.1章,“DC的生成”)。含5mM乙二胺四乙酸的PBS用于获得尽可能多细胞之目的(包括粘附细胞)。DC培养液洗涤后,确定细胞数。为了装载肽,DC在1mlDC培养液中再悬浮并用25μg/ml在37℃下培养2小时。用于冲击DC的肽为TGFBI-004、Posmix(EBV和CMV相关肽的混合物)、Padre和CMV。解冻自体PBMC/PBL、用DC培养液洗涤(至少两次)并在24孔板中展开,密度为1ml中3Mio细胞/ml。然后,将载有肽的DC加入(如含肽的1ml悬浮液)到入板的PBMC/PBL并在37℃下培养7天。启动后,首先用已接受照射(30Gy;Gammacell1000Elite照射仪,NordionInternational公司,加拿大)。为此目的,每孔加入5x105CTL和2、5x106PBMC。使用肽对PBMC进行冲击如前所述(针对DC的方法)。第一次重新刺激的第1天,加入IL-2(R&DSystems公司,德国)和IL-7使最终浓度分别为2ng/ml和5ng/ml。此后,在每个第2天和第7天,向培养液加入IL-2和IL-7。7天后进行第二次重新刺激,但这次只向培养的CTL加入肽(不加入PBMC)。重刺激7天为一周期用负载肽的PBMC和单肽交替加入。在第8次刺激之后,用细胞内IFNγ和IFNγELISPOT法进行分析。
结果
启动对相关肽特异性反应的CD4+T细胞株是可能的(图2和图3)。可通过ELISPOT法在4个细胞株中检测到其中2个有T细胞反应,而使用ICS法的检测结果表明,有四分之三的T细胞株TGFBI-004特异性IFNγ产生CD4+和/或CD8+细胞。
因此,用上述实验系统的测试中,TGFBI-004能引发供体的CD4+和CD8+T细胞反应。根据这一有前景的结果,很可能这种肽具有免疫原性,并有能力诱导T细胞反应。
6.NOX-001和TGFBI-001功能验证举例
IMA910疫苗中所含肽的免疫原性使用immatics`TUMAP验证平台进行了论证。对特异性T细胞的诱导说明了肽有能力成功地成功激活免疫系统。由于只有激活的T细胞具有高亲合力和功能性时才有可能发生有效的抗肿瘤免疫反应,因此,我们进一步研究了TUMAP以通过其IFNγ或杀死肿瘤细胞株的能力而激活其高亲合力和T淋巴细胞的功能。由于NOX-001和TGFBI-001能体外诱导CTL的高亲合力,因此选择这两种肽进行深入验证。我们能够证明,高亲合力前体T细胞对人体肽和NOX-001能产生的CD8+T细胞株都有作用。
测试原理
为了对IMA910肽免疫原性和特异性T细胞的特性更加深入的认识,选定NOX-001和TGFBI-001这两种肽作进一步的评估。为此目的,在Immatics公司进行了实验(细胞分选在Tübingen大学的Dr.Bühring实验室进行)。
T细胞株依据其被高密度或低密度抗原激活的能力大小,可分为高或低亲合力T细胞株。如先前研究所示,(Walter,S,Herrgen,L,Schoor,O,Jung,G,Wernet,D,Buhring,HJ,Rammensee,HG,andStevanovic,S;Cuttingedge:predeterminedavidityofhumanCD8TcellsexpandedoncalibratedMHC/anti-CD28-coatedmicrospheres,J.Immunol.,2003,171,4974-4978),与低亲合力CD8+T细胞相比,人高亲合力CTL可使用较少肽进行激活而成功获得。研究还表明,细胞以这种方式扩增可更有效地识别抗原表达细胞株,从而构成了开发治疗策略的一个可能的主要工具。
为了能够确定肽生成高亲合力CTL株的能力,用含低密度pMHC(肽-MHC-复合体)涂层珠和含IL-12与IL-2的抗CD28抗体对分离出来的人CD8+细胞进行反复刺激从而使之启动和扩增。经过三次刺激后,激活T细胞的一部分以四聚体染色和流式细胞术法检测。之后,根据其抗原特异性,对每个供体的四聚体阳性细胞进行储存,以pMHC-四聚体和人抗CD8-FITC抗体进行染色,最后在FACSAria上进行FACSA分类。分类过的细胞在照射过的饲养细胞、细胞因子及丝裂素中培养和扩增。为了读出高亲合力抗原特异性细胞的生成情况,进行四聚体法染色。为了确定它们的功能,在以相应的肽和肿瘤细胞株重刺激这些细胞后,用ELISPOT法测定IFNγ的产量,并在死/活细胞染色的基础上,使用细胞毒性测定法检查肿细胞株的杀伤情况。
特异性CD8+T细胞株的生成
如上所述,我们应用载有肽-MHC复合体(pMHC)和抗-CD28抗体的人工刺激抗原提呈细胞(aAPC)进行了体外刺激。与上述方法唯一的区别就是:进行刺激用的珠装载有2ng相关+200ng不相关库内(pMHC)MHC(低密度珠),而不是200ng相关MHC(高密度珠)。因此,高亲合力T细胞的产生主要是为了对肽进行更深入的验证。经过三次刺激后,激活T细胞的一部分以四聚体染色和流式细胞术法检测。如果健康供体中的至少一个可评价的体外刺激孔在体外刺激后发现含有特异性CD8+T细胞株(即该孔包含至少1%特定四聚体+CD8+细胞,并且特定四聚体+的百分比至少为阴性对照刺激中位数的10倍),则检测给定抗原的免疫原性。之后,根据其抗原特异性,对每个供体的四聚体阳性细胞进行储存,以相应的pMHC-四聚体和人抗CD8-FITC抗体克隆SK1进行染色,最后在FACSAria(BDBiosciences公司,德国)上进行FACSA分类。分类过的细胞在含有5x105细胞/ml照射过的新鲜异源PBMC、5x104细胞/ml照射过的LG2-EBV细胞、150U/mlIL-2(Chiron公司,慕尼黑,德国)和0.5μg/mlPHA-L(RocheDiagnostics公司,Mannheim,德国)的T细胞培养基中培养(培养基为RPMI-Glutamax,补充有10%热灭活人AB血清、100U/ml青霉素、100μg/ml链霉素、1mM丙酮酸钠和20μg/ml庆大霉素)。这些细胞在含150U/mlIL-2的T细胞培养基中扩展。为了读出高亲合力抗原特异性细胞的生成情况,如前述方法进行四聚体法染色并在四色FACSCalibur上进行了分析(BDBiosciences公司,德国)。
功能性测试
为了确定它们的功能,在以相应的肽重刺激这些细胞后,用ELISPOT法(IFNγELISPOTSet,BD公司,德国)评估IFNγ的产量。此外,细胞介导的特异性CTL的细胞毒性使用LIVE/DEAD(死/活)细胞介导的细胞毒性套件(L7010,Invitrogen公司,德国)杀死肿瘤细胞株而进行了研究。除非另有说明,否则上述两种测定方法都根据制造商的指示进行。
结果
用低密度pMHCaAPC成功启动后显示,NOX-001和TGFBI-001这两种肽具有体外免疫原性。对于NOX-001以及TGFBI-001特异性T细胞株可以用FACS建立,从而证明高亲合力CD8+T细胞前体存在于健康供体中。
此外,对于NOX-001,可确定一个T细胞株,ELISPOT法也证明了其功能,因为在用这种肽重刺激后,NOX-001特异性表达IFNγ(图4)。
7.将本发明中的HLA-I类限制肽与HLA-A*0201结合
本分析的目的是评价HLA-I类肽对HLA-A*0201等位基因编码的MHC分子的亲和力,因为这是IMA910作用模式的一项重要参数。IMA910中90%的HLA-I类限制肽都对HLA-A*0201有很高的亲和力,解离常数(KD)范围为0.001到0.2nM。同时,病毒标志物肽IMA-HBV-001还表现出较强的结合力。对IMA-MUC-001的亲和力大约减弱20倍。这些结果证实,IMA910候选疫苗中90%的HLA-I类肽对MHC分子具有较强的结合亲和力。
测试原理
稳定HLA/肽复合物包括三种分子:HLA重链、β-2微球蛋白(b2m)和肽类配体。变性重组HLA-A*0201重链分子的活性便可进行保存,使之功能与“空载HLA-A*0201”相当。被稀释为包含b2m和相应肽的水缓冲液后,这些分子以完全肽依赖方式迅速有效地折叠。这些可用的分子用于基于ELISA的检测方法中,来衡量肽和HLA-I类分子相互作用间的亲和力(Sylvester-Hvid等,2002)。
纯化的重组HLA-A*0201分子与b2m、不同等级剂量的肽一起培养。从头折叠HLA/肽复合物的量用定量ELISA法测定。解离常数(KD值)使用从校准HLA/肽复合物稀释液中记录的标准曲线进行计算。
结果
结果如图6所示。较低的KD值反应对HLA-A*0201具有较高的亲和力。大多数IMA910肽和病毒控制肽IMA-HBV-001在0.001(IMA-TGFBI-001)到0.2nM(IMA-ODC-001)的范围内对HLA-A*0201都具有相似的较强亲和力。IMA-MUC-001与大多数配体相比,其亲和力低20-30倍。然而,在immatics公司先前所做的一项临床试验中,接种IMA-MUC-001-001导致了肾细胞癌患者的免疫反应,因此,不必担心IMA-MUC-001较低的亲和力。
Claims (14)
1.一种肽,由SEQIDNo.8组成,其诱导T细胞与所述肽发生交叉反应。
2.根据权利要求1所述的肽,其具有与人类主要组织相容性复合体(MHC)II类分子结合的能力。
3.根据权利要求1-2任一项所述的肽,其中所述肽包括非肽键,选自-CH2-NH、-CH2S-、-CH2CH2-、-CH=CH-、-COCH2-、-CH(OH)CH2-以及-CH2SO-。
4.根据权利要求1-2任一项所述的肽,其中所述肽为融合蛋白的一部分,包括HLA-DR抗原相关不变链的N端氨基酸。
5.根据权利要求3所述的肽,其中所述肽为融合蛋白的一部分,包括HLA-DR抗原相关不变链的N端氨基酸。
6.一种核酸,编码根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的肽。
7.根据权利要求6所述的核酸,其为DNA、cDNA、PNA、CNA、RNA或其结合。
8.一种表达载体,包括根据权利要求6或7所述的核酸,其中所述载体与所述核酸可操作性连接。
9.一种宿主细胞,包括根据权利要求6或7所述的核酸或根据权利要求8所述的表达载体,其为抗原提呈细胞。
10.根据权利要求9所述的宿主细胞,其中所述抗原提呈细胞为树突细胞。
11.一种制备激活的细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(CTL)的体外方法,所述方法包括在体外将CTL与负载有抗原的、在合适的抗原提呈细胞表面上表达的人类MHCI类或II类细胞接触足够长的时间,从而以抗原特异方式激活所述CTL,其中所述抗原为根据权利要求1或2所述的肽。
12.根据权利要求11的方法制备的激活的细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(CTL),其有选择地识别一种细胞,所述细胞异常表达包含权利要求1或2给出的氨基酸序列的多肽。
13.根据权利要求1至5任一项所述的肽、根据权利要求6或7所述的核酸、根据权利要求8所述的表达载体、根据权利要求9或10所述的宿主细胞或者根据权利要求12所述的激活的细胞毒性T淋巴细胞在制备用于治疗癌症的药物中的用途,其中所述癌症为胶质母细胞瘤或结直肠癌。
14.根据权利要求13所述的用途,其中所述药物为疫苗。
Applications Claiming Priority (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP07014796 | 2007-07-27 | ||
EU07014796.2 | 2007-07-27 | ||
US95310907P | 2007-07-31 | 2007-07-31 | |
US60/953,109 | 2007-07-31 | ||
US98124107P | 2007-10-19 | 2007-10-19 | |
US60/981,241 | 2007-10-19 |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN200880100807.5A Division CN101765434B (zh) | 2007-07-27 | 2008-07-25 | 抗肿瘤相关肽及相关抗癌疫苗组合物 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN103360466A CN103360466A (zh) | 2013-10-23 |
CN103360466B true CN103360466B (zh) | 2016-08-03 |
Family
ID=39926464
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN200880100807.5A Expired - Fee Related CN101765434B (zh) | 2007-07-27 | 2008-07-25 | 抗肿瘤相关肽及相关抗癌疫苗组合物 |
CN201310109229.4A Expired - Fee Related CN103360466B (zh) | 2007-07-27 | 2008-07-25 | 抗肿瘤相关肽及相关抗癌疫苗组合物 |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN200880100807.5A Expired - Fee Related CN101765434B (zh) | 2007-07-27 | 2008-07-25 | 抗肿瘤相关肽及相关抗癌疫苗组合物 |
Country Status (21)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7994276B2 (zh) |
EP (2) | EP2178557B1 (zh) |
JP (2) | JP5352586B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR101167392B1 (zh) |
CN (2) | CN101765434B (zh) |
AU (1) | AU2008281013B2 (zh) |
BR (1) | BRPI0814140A2 (zh) |
CA (2) | CA2817054C (zh) |
DK (1) | DK2567707T3 (zh) |
EA (2) | EA018457B1 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2608583T3 (zh) |
HK (1) | HK1182923A1 (zh) |
HU (1) | HUE032379T2 (zh) |
LT (1) | LT2567707T (zh) |
MX (1) | MX2010001088A (zh) |
NZ (1) | NZ582823A (zh) |
PL (1) | PL2567707T3 (zh) |
PT (1) | PT2567707T (zh) |
SI (1) | SI2567707T1 (zh) |
UA (2) | UA117216C2 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2009015841A1 (zh) |
Families Citing this family (39)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20090004213A1 (en) * | 2007-03-26 | 2009-01-01 | Immatics Biotechnologies Gmbh | Combination therapy using active immunotherapy |
KR101167392B1 (ko) * | 2007-07-27 | 2012-07-19 | 이매틱스 바이오테크놀로지스 게엠베하 | 종양 관련 펩티드의 조성물 및 관련된 항암 백신 |
DK2119726T5 (en) * | 2008-05-14 | 2018-03-26 | Immatics Biotechnologies Gmbh | Novel and powerful MHC class II peptides derived from survivin and neurocan |
GB201004551D0 (en) * | 2010-03-19 | 2010-05-05 | Immatics Biotechnologies Gmbh | NOvel immunotherapy against several tumors including gastrointestinal and gastric cancer |
GB201019331D0 (en) * | 2010-03-19 | 2010-12-29 | Immatics Biotechnologies Gmbh | Methods for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer based on AVL9 |
GB201004575D0 (en) | 2010-03-19 | 2010-05-05 | Immatics Biotechnologies Gmbh | Composition of tumor associated peptides and related anti cancer vaccine for the treatment of gastric cancer and other cancers |
GB201009222D0 (en) | 2010-06-02 | 2010-07-21 | Immatics Biotechnologies Gmbh | Improved cancer therapy based on tumour associated antigens derived from cyclin D1 |
GB201021289D0 (en) * | 2010-12-15 | 2011-01-26 | Immatics Biotechnologies Gmbh | Novel biomarkers for a prediction of the outcome of an immunotherapy against cancer |
KR102020491B1 (ko) * | 2011-10-28 | 2019-09-10 | 온코세라피 사이언스 가부시키가이샤 | Topk 펩티드 및 이를 포함하는 백신 |
EP2847322B1 (en) * | 2012-05-08 | 2019-06-26 | Western University Of Health Sciences | Standardized ex vivo platforms for the antigen-specific expansion of cd4+ t cell populations |
GB201214007D0 (en) | 2012-08-07 | 2012-09-19 | Scancell Ltd | Anti-tumour immune responses to modified self-epitopes |
TWI777194B (zh) * | 2013-08-05 | 2022-09-11 | 德商伊瑪提克斯生物科技有限公司 | 新穎肽類,細胞及其用於治療多種腫瘤的用途,其製造方法及包含其等之醫藥組成物(一) |
EP3572510B1 (en) | 2013-11-21 | 2022-09-21 | Repertoire Genesis Incorporation | T cell receptor and b cell receptor repertoire analysis system, and use of same in treatment and diagnosis |
GB201501017D0 (en) * | 2014-12-23 | 2015-03-04 | Immatics Biotechnologies Gmbh | Novel peptides and combination of peptides for use in immunotherapy against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and other cancers |
WO2016112195A1 (en) | 2015-01-09 | 2016-07-14 | Etubics Corporation | Methods and compositions for combination immunotherapy |
CN104630145A (zh) * | 2015-01-12 | 2015-05-20 | 杨世成 | 一种抗肿瘤t细胞、其制备方法和抗肿瘤药物 |
TWI772927B (zh) * | 2015-03-31 | 2022-08-01 | 德商英麥提克生物技術股份有限公司 | 用於腎細胞癌(rcc)免疫治療的新型肽和肽組合物和支架 |
US11149087B2 (en) * | 2015-04-20 | 2021-10-19 | Etubics Corporation | Methods and compositions for combination immunotherapy |
CN104926944B (zh) * | 2015-05-22 | 2018-04-13 | 北京康爱瑞浩生物科技股份有限公司空港分公司 | 多靶点复合抗原负载cd8+细胞毒性t淋巴细胞的制备方法及其用途 |
NL2014935B1 (en) | 2015-06-08 | 2017-02-03 | Applied Immune Tech Ltd | T cell receptor like antibodies having fine specificity. |
GB201511191D0 (en) * | 2015-06-25 | 2015-08-12 | Immatics Biotechnologies Gmbh | T-cell epitopes for the immunotherapy of myeloma |
IL308735A (en) | 2015-07-01 | 2024-01-01 | Immatics Biotechnologies Gmbh | Novel peptides and combination of peptides for use in immunotherapy against ovarian cancer and other cancers |
GB201511546D0 (en) | 2015-07-01 | 2015-08-12 | Immatics Biotechnologies Gmbh | Novel peptides and combination of peptides for use in immunotherapy against ovarian cancer and other cancers |
GB201512703D0 (en) | 2015-07-20 | 2015-08-26 | Scancell Ltd | Anti-tumour immune responses to modified self-epitopes |
MX2018007204A (es) | 2015-12-16 | 2018-12-11 | Gritstone Oncology Inc | Identificacion, fabricacion y uso de neoantigeno. |
CN105586312A (zh) * | 2016-02-29 | 2016-05-18 | 时宏珍 | Hla-a0201限制性抗muc-1抗原特异性ctl的制备方法 |
JP2019533718A (ja) * | 2016-09-27 | 2019-11-21 | セレクタ バイオサイエンシーズ インコーポレーテッドSelecta Biosciences,Inc. | がんの処置における使用のための組換え免疫毒素 |
KR102379955B1 (ko) | 2016-12-08 | 2022-03-29 | 이매틱스 바이오테크놀로지스 게엠베하 | 짝짓기가 향상된 t 세포 수용체 |
DE102016123893A1 (de) | 2016-12-08 | 2018-06-14 | Immatics Biotechnologies Gmbh | T-Zellrezeptoren mit verbesserter Bindung |
ES2963635T3 (es) * | 2017-03-28 | 2024-04-01 | Ohio State Innovation Foundation | Vacunas de péptido PD1 humano y usos de las mismas |
MX2019012225A (es) * | 2017-04-10 | 2019-12-09 | Immatics Biotechnologies Gmbh | Peptidos y combinaciones de los mismos para el uso en la inmunoterapia contra diversos tipos de cancer. |
PE20191617A1 (es) * | 2017-04-10 | 2019-11-05 | Immatics Biotechnologies Gmbh | Peptidos y combinaciones de peptidos para el uso en la inmunoterapia contra la leucemia y otros tipos de cancer |
WO2019075112A1 (en) | 2017-10-10 | 2019-04-18 | Gritstone Oncology, Inc. | IDENTIFICATION OF NEO-ANTIGENS USING HOT POINTS |
CA3083097A1 (en) | 2017-11-22 | 2019-05-31 | Gritstone Oncology, Inc. | Reducing junction epitope presentation for neoantigens |
GB201810358D0 (en) * | 2018-06-25 | 2018-08-08 | Univ College Cardiff Consultants Ltd | Cancer-specific t-cell receptors |
US20220281942A1 (en) * | 2019-07-30 | 2022-09-08 | University Health Network | T cell receptors and methods of use thereof |
WO2021123232A1 (en) * | 2019-12-18 | 2021-06-24 | Evaxion Biotech Aps | Nucleic acid vaccination using neo-epitope encoding constructs |
CN111363009B (zh) * | 2020-03-18 | 2020-10-30 | 北京鼎成肽源生物技术有限公司 | 一种直肠癌靶标抗原及其刺激培养的ctl细胞及其应用 |
CN111617238B (zh) * | 2020-06-02 | 2022-12-13 | 苏州药明康德新药开发有限公司 | 小鼠ct26结直肠癌治疗性肿瘤多肽疫苗制剂及其制备方法 |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0343946A2 (en) * | 1988-05-25 | 1989-11-29 | City Of Hope | Cea fragments |
WO2003087319A2 (en) * | 2002-04-05 | 2003-10-23 | The Regents Of The University Of Colorado | Carcinoembryonic antigen cell adhesion molecule 1 (ceacam1) structure and uses thereof in drug identification and screening |
WO2004099247A2 (en) * | 2003-05-05 | 2004-11-18 | Istituto Di Ricerche Di Biologia Molecolare P Angeletti Spa | Synthetic gene encoding human carcinoembryonic antigen and uses thereof |
CN1727362A (zh) * | 2004-07-30 | 2006-02-01 | 中国人民解放军第二军医大学 | 癌胚抗原阳性肿瘤治疗性疫苗的制备及应用 |
Family Cites Families (31)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CA725596A (en) | 1960-08-26 | 1966-01-11 | J. Wretlind Arvid | Method of preparing intravenously injectable fat emulsions free from side reactions or complications |
US4803261A (en) * | 1986-06-27 | 1989-02-07 | The Administrators Of The Tulane Educational Fund | Method for synthesizing a peptide containing a non-peptide |
US4897445A (en) | 1986-06-27 | 1990-01-30 | The Administrators Of The Tulane Educational Fund | Method for synthesizing a peptide containing a non-peptide bond |
AUPM322393A0 (en) | 1993-12-24 | 1994-01-27 | Austin Research Institute, The | Mucin carbohydrate compounds and their use in immunotherapy |
US6096313A (en) | 1996-02-09 | 2000-08-01 | Ludwig Institute For Cancer Research | Compositions containing immunogenic molecules and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor, as an adjuvant |
US5849589A (en) | 1996-03-11 | 1998-12-15 | Duke University | Culturing monocytes with IL-4, TNF-α and GM-CSF TO induce differentiation to dendric cells |
US6406705B1 (en) | 1997-03-10 | 2002-06-18 | University Of Iowa Research Foundation | Use of nucleic acids containing unmethylated CpG dinucleotide as an adjuvant |
WO1999019478A1 (en) | 1997-10-10 | 1999-04-22 | The Government Of The United States Of America, Represented By The Secretary, Department Of Health And Human Services | Agonist and antagonist peptides of carcinoembryonic antigen (cea) |
US6756038B1 (en) * | 1997-10-10 | 2004-06-29 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Department Of Health And Human Services | Agonist and antagonist peptides of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) |
US6623923B1 (en) * | 1998-12-23 | 2003-09-23 | Corixa Corporation | Compounds for immunotherapy and diagnosis of colon cancer and methods for their use |
IL125608A0 (en) | 1998-07-30 | 1999-03-12 | Yeda Res & Dev | Tumor associated antigen peptides and use of same as anti-tumor vaccines |
CA2384713A1 (en) * | 1999-09-29 | 2001-04-05 | Human Genome Sciences, Inc. | Colon and colon cancer associated polynucleotides and polypeptides |
WO2001096390A2 (en) * | 2000-06-09 | 2001-12-20 | Corixa Corporation | Compositions and methods for the therapy and diagnosis of colon cancer |
US20030017167A1 (en) | 2000-06-09 | 2003-01-23 | Corixa Corporation | Compositions and methods for the therapy and diagnosis of colon cancer |
US20020102544A1 (en) | 2000-09-15 | 2002-08-01 | David Mack | Novel methods of diagnosing colorectal cancer, compositions, and methods of screening for colorectal cancer modulators |
CA2427858A1 (en) * | 2000-11-03 | 2002-05-10 | University Of Vermont And State Agricultural College | Compositions for inhibiting grb7 |
CA2431313A1 (en) * | 2000-12-08 | 2002-08-01 | Eos Biotechnology, Inc. | Methods of diagnosing colorectal cancer and/or breast cancer, compositions, and methods of screening for colorectal cancer and/or breast cancer modulators |
AU2002330039A1 (en) | 2001-09-17 | 2003-04-01 | Eos Biotechnology, Inc. | Methods of diagnosis of cancer compositions and methods of screening for modulators of cancer |
CA2478930A1 (en) * | 2002-04-01 | 2003-10-16 | Euro-Celtique, S.A. | Epitope constructs comprising antigen presenting cell targeting mechanisms |
WO2004014867A2 (en) | 2002-08-13 | 2004-02-19 | Warner-Lambert Company Llc | Matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors and methods for identification of lead compounds |
AU2004203749A1 (en) * | 2003-01-06 | 2004-07-22 | Wyeth | Compositions and methods for diagnosing and treating colon cancers |
US20080254031A1 (en) | 2004-09-09 | 2008-10-16 | Exonhit Therapeutics Sa | Tumor Specific Genes and Variant Rnas and Uses Thereof as Targets for Cancer Therapy and Diagnosis |
EP1642905B1 (en) * | 2004-10-02 | 2009-01-21 | Immatics Biotechnologies GmbH | Immunogenic T-helper epitopes from human tumour antigens and immunotherapeutic methods using said epitopes |
ITRM20050064A1 (it) * | 2005-02-16 | 2006-08-17 | Univ Siena | Peptide poliepitopico derivato dalla timidilato sintetasi avente attivita' immunologica e antitumorale e composizioni farmaceutiche relative. |
ATE512160T1 (de) * | 2005-04-26 | 2011-06-15 | Immatics Biotechnologies Gmbh | T-cell-epitope aus dem unreifen lamininrezeptorprotein (oncofoetal antigen) und deren medizinische verwendungen |
DK1760089T3 (da) | 2005-09-05 | 2009-11-16 | Immatics Biotechnologies Gmbh | Tumor-associeret peptides bindende til human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I eller II molecules og relateret anti-cancer vaccine |
ATE461214T1 (de) | 2005-09-05 | 2010-04-15 | Immatics Biotechnologies Gmbh | Tumor-assoziierte peptide, welche an unterschiedliche menschliche leukozytenantigene der klasse ii binden |
US8298544B2 (en) * | 2006-02-27 | 2012-10-30 | Gal Markel | CEACAM based antibacterial agents |
KR101167392B1 (ko) * | 2007-07-27 | 2012-07-19 | 이매틱스 바이오테크놀로지스 게엠베하 | 종양 관련 펩티드의 조성물 및 관련된 항암 백신 |
WO2009117656A2 (en) * | 2008-03-21 | 2009-09-24 | Vectorlogics,Inc. | Capsid-incorporated antigen for novel adenovirus vaccine |
DK2119726T5 (en) * | 2008-05-14 | 2018-03-26 | Immatics Biotechnologies Gmbh | Novel and powerful MHC class II peptides derived from survivin and neurocan |
-
2008
- 2008-07-25 KR KR1020107001771A patent/KR101167392B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2008-07-25 EP EP08785105.1A patent/EP2178557B1/en active Active
- 2008-07-25 LT LTEP12187307.9T patent/LT2567707T/lt unknown
- 2008-07-25 US US12/180,113 patent/US7994276B2/en active Active
- 2008-07-25 EA EA201000208A patent/EA018457B1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2008-07-25 NZ NZ582823A patent/NZ582823A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2008-07-25 ES ES12187307.9T patent/ES2608583T3/es active Active
- 2008-07-25 PT PT121873079T patent/PT2567707T/pt unknown
- 2008-07-25 CN CN200880100807.5A patent/CN101765434B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-07-25 CA CA2817054A patent/CA2817054C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-07-25 WO PCT/EP2008/006152 patent/WO2009015841A1/en active Application Filing
- 2008-07-25 MX MX2010001088A patent/MX2010001088A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2008-07-25 HU HUE12187307A patent/HUE032379T2/en unknown
- 2008-07-25 PL PL12187307T patent/PL2567707T3/pl unknown
- 2008-07-25 EA EA201300322A patent/EA023928B1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2008-07-25 EP EP12187307.9A patent/EP2567707B1/en active Active
- 2008-07-25 SI SI200831735A patent/SI2567707T1/sl unknown
- 2008-07-25 CN CN201310109229.4A patent/CN103360466B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-07-25 AU AU2008281013A patent/AU2008281013B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2008-07-25 UA UAA201302331A patent/UA117216C2/uk unknown
- 2008-07-25 DK DK12187307.9T patent/DK2567707T3/da active
- 2008-07-25 BR BRPI0814140A patent/BRPI0814140A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2008-07-25 CA CA2694771A patent/CA2694771A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2008-07-25 UA UAA201001960A patent/UA103882C2/uk unknown
- 2008-07-25 JP JP2010517324A patent/JP5352586B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2013
- 2013-03-25 JP JP2013061688A patent/JP5746251B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2013-08-26 HK HK13109946.1A patent/HK1182923A1/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0343946A2 (en) * | 1988-05-25 | 1989-11-29 | City Of Hope | Cea fragments |
WO2003087319A2 (en) * | 2002-04-05 | 2003-10-23 | The Regents Of The University Of Colorado | Carcinoembryonic antigen cell adhesion molecule 1 (ceacam1) structure and uses thereof in drug identification and screening |
WO2004099247A2 (en) * | 2003-05-05 | 2004-11-18 | Istituto Di Ricerche Di Biologia Molecolare P Angeletti Spa | Synthetic gene encoding human carcinoembryonic antigen and uses thereof |
CN1727362A (zh) * | 2004-07-30 | 2006-02-01 | 中国人民解放军第二军医大学 | 癌胚抗原阳性肿瘤治疗性疫苗的制备及应用 |
Also Published As
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN103360466B (zh) | 抗肿瘤相关肽及相关抗癌疫苗组合物 | |
KR101687840B1 (ko) | 아교모세포종(gbm) 및 다른 암의 치료를 위한 종양-관련 펩티드 및 관련된 항암 백신의 조성물 | |
CN102892777B (zh) | 用于治疗胃癌和其他癌症的抗肿瘤相关肽及相关抗癌疫苗组合物 | |
CN101765610A (zh) | 免疫疗法的新型免疫抗原表位 | |
KR20130126671A (ko) | 전립선 관련 항원 분자로부터 유래된 hla 결합 펩티드 및 이의 사용방법 | |
BR122013005232A2 (pt) | Peptídeo; ácido nucleico ou vetor de expressão; célula hospedeira; método in vitro para produzir linfócitos t citotóxicos ativados; tais linfócitos; e usos | |
Class et al. | Patent application title: COMPOSITION OF TUMOR-ASSOCIATED PEPTIDES AND RELATED ANTI-CANCER VACCINE FOR THE TREATMENT OF GASTRIC CANCER AND OTHER CANCERS Inventors: Jens Fritsche (Tuebingen, DE) Jens Fritsche (Tuebingen, DE) Toni Weinschenk (Aichwald, DE) Steffen Walter (Reutlingen, DE) Steffen Walter (Reutlingen, DE) Peter Lewandrowski (Tuebingen-Hirschau, DE) Peter Lewandrowski (Tuebingen-Hirschau, DE) Harpeet Singh (Tuebingen, DE) Assignees: IMMATICS BIOTECHNOLOGIES GMBH |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
C06 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
GR01 | Patent grant | ||
CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20160803 Termination date: 20210725 |
|
CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |