CN102638982A - (S)-7-([1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-a]哌啶-6-基)-4-(3,4-二氯苯基)-1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉的晶型及其用途 - Google Patents
(S)-7-([1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-a]哌啶-6-基)-4-(3,4-二氯苯基)-1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉的晶型及其用途 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明描述了新型[1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-a]吡啶基-6-基-取代的四氢异喹啉。这些化合物以及晶型SA1和N-2用于治疗各种神经和精神病症。本发明也描述了制备这些化合物以及晶型SA1和N-2的方法。
Description
本申请要求于2009年5月12日提交的美国临时专利申请No.61/177,486的权益,其据此通过引用整体并入本文。
发明领域
本发明涉及用于治疗各种神经和精神病症的化合物、晶型、组合物、方法和所述化合物和晶型在联合治疗中的用途。具体而言,本发明涉及此类化合物、晶型、组合物和方法,其中所述化合物是新型[1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-a]吡啶基-6-基-取代的四氢异喹啉衍生物。制备这些化合物及晶型SA-1和N-2的方法也描述于本发明中。
发明背景
单胺再摄取抑制剂通过结合一种或多种负责再摄取的转运体、即血清素转运体(SERT)、去甲肾上腺素转运体(NET)和多巴胺转运体(DAT)而提高血清素(5-HT)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)和/或多巴胺(DA)在脑中的细胞外水平,从而阻断神经递质从突触裂隙中的再摄取。单胺再摄取抑制剂是一类确定的药物,其已被证明具有用于治疗多种CNS病症、尤其是重度抑郁症(MDD)的效用。
自50年前引入三环类抗抑郁药(TCA)以来,具有大幅改善的安全性的单胺再摄取抑制剂已显著提高对抑郁的治疗。尽管TCA是非常有效的抗抑郁药,但是由于TCA与毒蕈碱、组胺和肾上腺素能受体的相互作用,故心血管、抗胆碱能和镇静的副作用是常见的。20世纪80年代,因为选择性血清素再摄取抑制剂(SSRI)具有高度改善的安全性,其被革命性引入以使更大的患者种群得以治疗。过去几十年,选择性阻断NE或DA的再摄取,或同时选择性阻断3种神经递质中的2种的再摄取的抑制剂已用于治疗CNS病症,包括抑郁、焦虑、强迫症(OCD)、注意力缺陷过动症(ADHD)、疼痛和尿失禁。关于单胺再摄取抑制剂的两篇代表性的最新综述(Liu和Molino,Annual Reports in Medicinal Chemistry,42:13(2007);Walter,Drug Dev.Res.,65:97(2005))概述了单胺再摄取抑 制剂领域的历史和最新进展。
最近,单胺再摄取抑制剂领域中的主要努力集中于改善抗抑郁功效,尽管30-40%的患者不响应于用目前可得的抗抑郁药的治疗。另外的主要目的是增强作用效果。目前的抗抑郁药在观察到临床功效之前通常需要2-6周的治疗。探讨强化治疗(DA再摄取抑制剂或双重NE/DA再摄取抑制剂与SSRI联合)的临床试验已在对单独SSRI治疗无效的抑郁症患者中产生改善的功效(Patkar等人,J.Clin.Psychopharmacol.,26:653(2006);Zisook等人,Biol.Psychiat.,59:203(2006))。来自临床试验的改善的结果(例如这些)有助于证明集中于同时阻断5-HT、NE和DA的再摄取的抑制剂的开发是重要的。由于对更好的治疗抑郁和可能的新临床适应症的药物持续有需求,所以发现新型单胺再摄取抑制剂的努力持续不减。
目前用于治疗注意力缺陷过动症的哌甲酯已知对DAT的抑制具有选择性。并且,美国专利No.5,444,070公开了用于治疗帕金森病、药物成瘾或滥用(包括可卡因和苯异丙胺)的多巴胺再摄取选择性抑制剂。
也已经公开了选择性去甲肾上腺素再摄取抑制剂(NARI)。美国专利No.6,352,986描述了与瑞波西汀一起治疗注意力缺陷过动症(ADHD)、成瘾病症和精神活性物质使用病症的方法。并且,阿托西汀 目前作为用于ADHD的选择性NET再摄取抑制剂销售。
已显示选择性血清素再摄取抑制剂(SSRI)有效地用于治疗抑郁症。舍曲林、西酞普兰、依他普仑、帕罗西汀、氟西汀和氟伏沙明是众所周知的用于治疗诸如抑郁、强迫症和恐慌发作的一类病症的SSRI的实例。SSRI类疗法有若干已知的困难,包括发挥作用缓慢、不想要的副作用以及存在相当数量的对SSRI治疗没有反应的人群亚种。最近在新SSRI类的临床开发中的努力通过利用SSRI类的射精延迟副作用,已集中于治疗射精过早(PE)。尽管SSRI类已标签外用于治疗此类疾患,但是可将具有快速作用效果和快速清除率的SSRI优选用于按需治疗PE。报道达泊西汀(LY210448,6)(一种与具有较短半衰期的氟西汀结构上相关的SSRI)在临床试验中对中度至重度PE患者而言是有效且普遍良好耐受的治疗(Feret,Formulary,40:227(2005);Pryor等人,Lancet,368:929(2006))。
DAT、NET和SERT再摄取选择性抑制剂也可以相互共同施用或者 与其它药物共同施用。美国专利No.5,532,244公开了血清素再摄取抑制剂与血清素1A拮抗剂联合治疗强迫症、抑郁和肥胖症的应用。美国专利No.6,121,261公开了血清素或去甲肾上腺素再摄取抑制剂与神经激肽-1受体拮抗剂联合治疗ADHD的应用。美国专利No.4,843,071公开了去甲肾上腺素再摄取抑制剂与去甲肾上腺素前体联合在治疗肥胖症、药物滥用或发作性睡病中的应用。美国专利No.6,596,741公开了NE、DA或5-HT抑制剂与神经激肽-1受体拮抗剂或血清素-1A拮抗剂用于治疗各种疾患的应用。
使用同时抑制一种或多种神经递质的化合物也是有利的。欧洲专利No.EP 273658公开了双重NET和SERT再摄取抑制剂度洛西汀的抗抑郁特性。美国专利No.4,535,186公开了作为治疗抑郁症的NE和5-HT两者的再摄取抑制剂的文法拉辛。美国专利No.6,635,675公开了双重NE和5-HT再摄取抑制剂米那普仑治疗慢性疲劳综合征和纤维肌痛综合征的应用。另外,U.S.专利6,136,083公开了用于治疗抑郁的双重NE和5-HT再摄取抑制剂。还认识到此中没有特别提及的以不同比例抑制NE、DA和5-HT再摄取的化合物也是有利的。
由于第一种SNRI药物得以批准,所以文法拉辛已变成抑郁和焦虑症的首要选择。活性代谢物琥珀酸去甲文拉法辛(desvenlafaxine)也处于用于治疗重度抑郁症的临床开发中。临床前研究也表明琥珀酸去甲文拉法辛可有效缓解与更年期有关的血管收缩症状(例如,热潮红和夜间盗汗)(Sorbera等人,Drugs of Future.,31:304(2006);Albertazzi,J.Br.Menopause Soc.,12:7(2006))。报道琥珀酸去甲文拉法辛处于用于治疗纤维肌痛和神经性疼痛以及与更年期相关的血管收缩症状的临床开发中。
除治疗重度抑郁症之外,度洛西汀在美国还被批准为用于治疗疼痛的糖尿病性神经病的第一试剂。该药物在欧洲也已经用于女性应激尿失禁。2007年,度洛西汀在美国被批准用于治疗广泛性焦虑症。最近,度洛西汀被FDA批准用于治疗纤维肌痛。
米那普仑目前在除美国之外的数个国家中有效用作抗抑郁药。它也处于评估其在治疗纤维肌痛综合征中的潜在作用的临床开发中。
经过十年以上使用后,安非他酮被认为适于用作首要治疗的安全且有效的抗抑郁药。此外,它被批准用于戒烟和季节性情感障碍。它也被标签外使用以治疗由SSRI诱导的性功能障碍。安非他酮经常被称作非 典型抗抑郁药。相比,它对单胺转运体的亲和性比其它单胺再摄取抑制剂低得多。安非他酮的作用机理仍不确定,但是可能与由于活性代谢物产生的对多巴胺和去甲肾上腺素再摄取转运体的抑制有关。在最近报道的临床试验中,在重度抑郁症患者中安非他酮缓释片(XL)的性耐受特性比具有类似的缓解率和医院性焦虑与抑郁(HAD)总评分的依他普仑显著更好(Clayton等人,J.Clin.Psychiatry,67:736(2006))。
用联合治疗或“三重抑制剂”,通过抑制所有三种单胺的再摄取来治疗疾病也可以具有临床益处。三重抑制剂被认为是第二代抗抑郁药(Liang和Richelson,Primary Psychiarry,15(4):50(2008))。在抗抑郁治疗中包含多巴胺提高组分的基本原理,包括观察到的多巴胺能功能的不足,多巴胺激动剂与传统抗抑郁剂联合治疗的成功,以及由于长期抗抑郁剂施用而在多巴胺受体中提高的敏感性(Skolnick等人,Life Sciences,73:3175-3179(2003))。SSRI与去甲肾上腺素和多巴胺再摄取抑制剂的联合治疗显示在具有难治性抑郁症的患者中更有效(Lam等人,J.Clin.Psychiatry,65(3):337-340(2004))。使用安非他酮和SSRI或SNRI的组合的临床研究已显示在单独用SSRI、SNRI或安非他酮难以治愈的患者中对治疗MDD具有改善的功效(Zisook等人,Biol.Psychiat.,59:203(2006);Papkostas,Depression and Anxiety,23:178-181(2006);Trivedi等人,New Engl.J.Med.,354:1243(2006))。使用哌甲酯(具有直接释放和延长释放配方)的其它研究已显示作为难治性抑郁症的赋活剂(augmenting agent)是有效的(Patkar等人,J.Clin.Psychopharmacol.,26:653(2006);Masand等人,Depression and Anxiety,7:89(1998))。此外,发现安非他酮-SR与SSRI或去甲肾上腺素和多巴胺再摄取抑制剂的组合比单一疗法诱发更少的性功能障碍(Kennedy等人,J.Clin.Psychiatry,63(3):181-186(2002))。这样,与其它混合型抑制剂(与DAT相比,对NET和SERT更具选择性)相比,期望抗DA再摄取(除NE和5-HT再摄取之外)的抑制活性提供更快速的抗抑郁作用发作。PCT国际公布No.WO03/101453和WO 97/30997公开了一类对所有三种单胺转运蛋白具有活性的化合物。并且,PCT国际专利公布No.WO 03/049736公开了一系列4-取代的哌啶类化合物,每种显示抗DA、NE和5-HT转运蛋白的类似活性。二环[2.2.1]庚烷(Axford等人,Bioorg.Med.Chem.Lett.,13:3277-3280(2003))和氮杂二环[3.1.0]己烷(Skolnick等人,Eur.J. Pharm.,461:99-104(2003))也被描述为三种单胺转运蛋白的三重抑制剂。已显示1-(3,4-二氯苯基)-3-氮杂二环[3.1.0]己烷在临床试验中对治疗抑郁有效(Beer等人,J.Clin.Pharmacol.,44:1360-1367(2004))。目前广泛使用的抗肥胖症西布曲明被认为通过抑制所有三种转运体DAT、SERT和NET起作用(Ryan,Pharmacotherapy of Obesity,245-266(2004))。
SNRI用于治疗纤维肌痛和糖尿病性神经病变的最新药物批准补充了此类药物在治疗神经性疼痛中的效用。此类药物待开发的其它更多未应用的区域包括性功能障碍,例如射精过早、肠道应激综合征、肥胖症、神经退行性疾病例如帕金森病、下肢不宁综合征和物质滥用与成瘾。
仍对阻断去甲肾上腺素、多巴胺和血清素的再摄取以及治疗各种神经和精神病症的化合物有较大需求。
本发明涉及实现该目标。
发明概述
本发明涉及下式化合物的晶型SA-1或其可药用盐或其溶剂合物:
式I
其中标注*的碳原子为S构型。
本发明还涉及下式化合物的晶型N-2或其可药用盐或其溶剂合物:
式I
其中标注*的碳原子为S构型。
本发明的另一方面涉及用于制备式(I)的产物化合物的方法,
式I
其中标注*的碳原子为R或S构型。该方法包括在有效产生产物化合物的条件下用酸处理式(II)的第一中间体化合物
式II
附图简述
图2阐明晶型SA-1的差示扫描量热(DSC)图。
图3阐明晶型SA-1的热重分析(TGA)。
发明详述
本发明涉及式(I)化合物或其可药用盐或其溶剂合物:
式I
其中:
其中标注*的碳原子为R或S构型。
如上面和本发明整个说明书所用,下面的术语,除非另外指明,应当理解为具有下面的含义:
术语“本发明化合物”及等价的表达,意欲包括如在上文中描述的通式(I)化合物,其表达包括可药用盐和溶剂合物,例如水合物(当上下文许可时)。类似地,对于中间体而言,无论它们本身是否要求保护,意欲包括它们的盐和溶剂合物(当上下文许可时)。为清楚起见,当上下文许可时,具体实例有时在文中指明,但是这些实例是纯粹说明性的且当上下文许可时不打算排除其它的实例。
术语“可药用盐”表示本发明化合物的相对无毒的无机和有机酸加成盐,和碱加成盐。这些盐可以在化合物的最终分离和纯化过程中原位制备。特别是,可以通过独立使纯化的游离碱形式的化合物与适宜的有机或无机酸反应,和将如此形成的盐分离,来制备酸加成盐。示例性酸加成盐包括氢溴酸盐、盐酸盐、硫酸盐、硫酸氢盐、磷酸盐、硝酸盐、乙酸盐、草酸盐、戊酸盐、油酸盐、棕榈酸盐、硬脂酸盐、月桂酸盐、硼酸盐、苯甲酸盐、乳酸盐、磷酸盐、甲苯磺酸盐、柠檬酸盐、马来酸 盐、富马酸盐、琥珀酸盐、酒石酸盐、naphthylate、甲磺酸盐、葡庚糖酸盐、乳糖酸盐(lactiobionate)、氨基磺酸盐、丙二酸盐、水杨酸盐、丙酸盐、亚甲基-双-b-羟基萘甲酸盐、龙胆酸盐、异硫代硫酸盐、二对甲苯酰酒石酸盐、甲磺酸盐、乙磺酸盐、苯磺酸盐、对甲苯磺酸盐、环己基氨基磺酸盐和奎尼酸盐月桂基磺酸盐(quinateslaurylsulphonate)等(参见例如,Berge等人,“Pharmaceutical Salts”,J.Pharm.Sci.,66:1-9(1977)和Remington′s Pharmaceutical Sciences,第17版,Mack Publishing Company,Easton,Pa.,1985,第1418页,据此整体通过引用并入本文)。也可以通过独立进行使纯化的酸形式的化合物与适宜的有机或无机碱反应,和分离如此形成的盐,来制备碱加成盐。碱加成盐包括可药用的金属盐和胺盐。适宜的金属盐包括钠、钾、钙、钡、锌、镁和铝盐。钠和钾盐为优选。适宜的无机碱加成盐是由金属碱制备的,所述金属碱包括氢化钠、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、氢氧化钙、氢氧化铝、氢氧化锂、氢氧化镁和氢氧化锌。适宜的胺碱加成盐是由胺制备的,所述胺具有足够的碱性以形成稳定的盐,并且优选包括由于其药用的低毒性和可接受性而在医药化学中常用的那些胺,所述胺的实例包括氨、乙二胺、N-甲基-葡糖胺、赖氨酸、精氨酸、鸟氨酸、胆碱、N,N′-二苄基乙二胺、氯普鲁卡因、二乙醇胺、普鲁卡因、N-苄基苯乙胺、二乙胺、哌嗪、三(羟基甲基)-氨基甲烷、四甲基氢氧化铵、三乙胺、二苄胺、二苯羟甲胺、脱氢松香胺、N-乙基哌啶、苄胺、四甲基铵、四乙基铵、甲胺、二甲胺、三甲胺、乙胺、碱性氨基酸例如赖氨酸和精氨酸、二环己基胺等。
术语“基本纯”是指化学纯度和晶型纯度。例如,基本纯的晶型SA-1(或晶型N-2)包括至少约95wt%、优选至少约98wt%、更优选至少约99wt%的晶型SA-1和小于约5wt%、优选小于约2wt%、更优选小于约1wt%的具有与式(I)的S-对映体不同的化学结构的其他化合物。另外,基本纯的晶型SA-1(或晶型N-2)包括至少约95wt%、优选至少约98wt%、更优选至少约99wt%的晶型SA-1和小于约5wt%、优选小于约2wt%、更优选小于约1wt%的式(I)的S-对映体的任何其他晶型。这意味着晶型SA-1(或晶型N-2)优选含有小于约5wt%的其他化合物和小于约5wt%的任何其他形式(也称作“相均匀性”)。
术语“治疗有效量”是指描述有效提高突触上的血清素、去甲肾上腺素或多巴胺水平从而产生所需治疗效果的本发明化合物的量。这样的量 通常依若干因素变化,而所述变化是在已知本文提供的描述的普通技术人员能够确定和计算的范围内。这些因素包括,但不限于:特定的个体及其年龄、体重、身高、一般身体状况和医疗经历,所使用的特定化合物,化合物配制于其中的载体,所选择的化合物的施用途径,以及被治疗的病症的性质和严重性。
术语“药物组合物”意指包含式(I)化合物以及依施用方式和剂型的性质而定的至少一种选自以下可药用成分的组合物,包括:载体、稀释剂、佐剂、赋形剂或赋形剂,例如防腐剂、填充剂、崩解剂、润湿剂、乳化剂、悬浮剂、甜味剂、矫味剂、香味剂、抗菌剂、抗真菌剂、润滑剂和分散剂。悬浮剂的实例包括乙氧化异硬脂醇、聚氧乙烯山梨醇和脱水山梨醇酯、微晶纤维素、偏氢氧化铝、膨润土、琼脂和黄蓍胶、或这些物质的混合物。通过多种抗菌剂和抗真菌剂,例如对羟基苯甲酸酯、氯代丁醇、苯酚、山梨酸等,能够确保预防微生物的作用。最好包括等渗剂,例如糖、氯化钠等。通过使用延迟吸收剂,例如单硬脂酸铝和明胶,能够使注射剂型延长吸收。适宜的载体、稀释剂、溶剂或赋形剂的实例包括水、乙醇、多元醇、它们的适宜的混合物、植物油(例如橄榄油)、和注射有机酯例如油酸乙酯。赋形剂的实例包括乳糖、枸橼酸钠、碳酸钙、磷酸二钙。崩解剂的实例包括淀粉、藻酸和一些复合硅酸盐。润滑剂的实例包括硬脂酸镁、十二烷基硫酸钠、滑石以及高分子量聚乙二醇。
术语“可药用”意指在合理的医疗判断范围内,适用于与人和低等动物细胞接触而没有过度的毒性、刺激性、变应性反应等,且与合理的益处/风险比相应。
术语“可药用剂型”意指本发明化合物的剂型,包括例如片剂、糖锭剂、散剂、酏剂、糖浆剂、液体制剂(包括混悬剂、喷雾剂、吸入片剂、锭剂、乳剂、溶液剂、颗粒剂、胶囊剂和栓剂)以及用于注射的液体制剂,包括脂质体制剂。一般可在Remington’s Pharmaceutical Science,Mack Publishing Co.,Easton,PA,最新版中发现配制技术和制剂。
在本发明的一个优选的实施方案中,式(I)化合物为(+)-立体异构体。
在本发明的另一个优选的实施方案中,式(I)化合物为(-)-立体异构体。
本发明的另一个更优选的实施方案为式(I)化合物,其中标注*的碳原子为R构型。
本发明的另一个更优选的实施方案为式(I)化合物,其中标注*的碳原子为S构型。
在本发明的另一个优选的实施方案中,式(I)化合物为(S)(+)-立体异构体。
在本发明的又一个优选的实施方案中,式(I)化合物为(R)(-)-立体异构体。
本发明的另一个优选的实施方案为式(I)的立体异构化合物的化合物,其中*为S或R构型。
本发明化合物的单一对映体、任何对映体混合物(包括外消旋混合物)或非对映体(分离的以及以任何混合物形式)也包括在本发明范围内。
本发明的范围也包括本发明化合物的活性代谢物。
本发明也包括式(I)化合物,其中一个或多个原子(例如C或H)被该原子的相应的放射性同位素(例如,C被14C替换,且H被3H替换)或该原子的稳定同位素(例如,C被13C替换或H被2H替换)替换。此类化合物具有多种潜在用途,例如,作为在确定潜在药物与结合到神经递质蛋白的能力的标准品和试剂。此外,在稳定同位素的情况下,此类化合物可具有有利修饰式(I)化合物的生物学性质(例如,药理学和/或药动学)的潜力。涉及选择掺入放射性同位素到化合物中的合适位点的细节是本领域技术人员已知的。
本发明的另一方面涉及7-([1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-a]吡啶基-6-基)-4-(3,4-二氯苯基)-1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉的晶型,特别是本文所述的晶型SA-1或晶型N-2。出于清楚的目的,外消旋-7-([1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-a]吡啶基-6-基)-4-(3,4-二氯苯基)-1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉的游离碱外消旋体由式(I)所示。晶型SA-1和N-2是如上所述的式(I)的S-对映体((S)-7-([1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-a]吡啶基-6-基)-4-(3,4-二氯苯基)-1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉)的特定晶型。
因此,本发明的一个实施方案涉及晶型SA-1。本发明的该实施方案的一个方面涉及晶型SA-1,由以下晶胞参数表征:
晶胞尺寸:
α=90°
β=100.594(7)°
γ=90°
空间群:单斜晶,P21
Z,计算密度:2,1.363Mg/m3
本发明的该实施方案的另一方面涉及晶型SA-1,其特征在于晶胞内的分数原子坐标如表6,Atomic Coordinate(原子坐标)中所列。
本发明的该实施方案的另一方面涉及晶型SA-1,基于用具有旋转毛细管的衍射仪(cuKα)在经美国国家标准技术研究所(NIST)或其它适合的标准校准的2θ下收集的高品质图,该晶型在约20℃至约25℃的温度下在粉末X-射线衍射图中在2θ值为5.8±0.1、8.1±0.1、9.1±0.1、10.8±0.1、11.7±0.1、13.0±0.1、13.3±0.1、14.5±0.1、15.1±0.1、15.4±0.1、16.2±0.1和16.8±0.1下具有特征峰。
本发明的该实施方案的另一方面涉及晶型SA-1,其特征在于熔体分解吸热通常起始于85℃。
本发明的该实施方案的又一方面涉及基本纯的晶型SA-1。
本发明的另一实施方案涉及晶型N-2。本发明的该实施方案的一个方面涉及晶型N-2,其特征在于以下晶胞参数:
晶胞尺寸:
α=90°
β=90°
γ=90°
空间群:斜方晶,P212121
Z,计算密度:8,1.441Mg/m3
本发明的该实施方案的另一方面涉及晶型N-2,其特征在于晶胞内的分数原子坐标如表8,Atomic Coordinate(原子坐标)中所列。
本发明的该实施方案的另一方面涉及晶型N-2,基于用具有旋转毛细管的衍射仪(cuKα)在经NIST或其它适合的标准校准的2θ下收集的高 品质图,该晶型在约20℃至约25℃的温度下在粉末X-射线衍射图中在2θ值为8.3±0.1、8.9±0.1、10.9±0.1、14.2±0.1、14.7±0.1、16.7±0.1、17.3±0.1、18.0±0.1、18.4±0.1、18.8±0.1、20.2±0.1和21.9±0.1下具有特征峰。
本发明的该实施方案的另一方面涉及晶型N-2,其特征在于熔体分解吸热起始通常在约250℃。
本发明的该实施方案的又一方面涉及基本纯的晶型N-2。
本发明的另一方面包含治疗有效量的式(I)化合物或本文所述的晶型和可药用载体的药物组合物。
本发明的另一方面涉及治疗由血清素、去甲肾上腺素或多巴胺的有效性降低引起的或依赖于血清素、去甲肾上腺素或多巴胺的有效性降低的病症的方法。该方法包括给需要这种治疗的患者施用治疗有效量的式(I)化合物、式(I)化合物的晶型或其可药用盐。本发明的方法能够治疗受各种神经和精神病症折磨的受治疗者,所述神经和精神病症包括但不限于:注意力缺陷过动症(ADHD)、认知损害、焦虑症、广泛性焦虑症(GAD)、惊恐症、双相型障碍或躁狂抑郁或躁狂-抑郁症、强迫症(OCD)、创伤后应激病症(PTSD)、急性应激病症、社交恐怖、单纯型恐怖症、经前焦虑症(PMDD)、社交焦虑症(SAD)、重度抑郁症(MDD)、产后抑郁、心境恶劣、伴随阿尔茨海默病的抑郁、帕金森病或精神病、核上性麻痹、进食障碍、肥胖症、神经性厌食症、神经性贪食症、暴食症、糖尿病、局部缺血病、疼痛、物质滥用病症、化学物质依赖性、尼古丁成瘾、可卡因成瘾、苯丙胺成瘾、酒精成瘾、Lesch-Nyhan综合征、神经退行性疾病、帕金森病、晚期黄体期综合征或昏睡病、精神症状、愤怒、排斥敏感性、运动障碍、锥体束外综合征、Tic病症、下肢不宁综合征(RLS)、迟发性运动障碍、核上性麻痹、睡眠相关进食障碍(SRED)、夜间进食综合征(NES)、应激尿失禁(SUI)、偏头痛、神经性疼痛、糖尿病性神经病变、下腰痛、纤维肌痛综合征(FS)、骨关节炎、关节炎、慢性疲劳综合征(CFS)、性功能障碍、射精过早、男性性无能、温度调节性病症(例如,与更年期有关的热潮红)和肠道应激综合征(IBS)。
本文提供的化合物/晶型特别用于治疗这些和其它病症,至少部分是因为它们选择性结合确定神经化学物质的运载蛋白的亲和性大于选择性结合其它神经化学物质的运载蛋白的能力。
在本发明的另一实施方案中,上述方法还涉及施用治疗有效量的血 清素1A受体拮抗剂或其可药用盐。适合的血清素1A受体拮抗剂包括WAY 100135和螺哌隆。在Abou-Gharbia等人的美国专利No.4,988,814中,公开了作为对血清素1A受体具有亲和性的WAY 100135(N-(叔丁基)-3-[a-(2-甲氧基苯基)哌嗪-1-基]-2-苯基丙酰胺),所述文献据此通过引用整体并入本文。同时,Cliffe等人,J Med Chem 36:1509-10(1993)(其据此通过引用整体并入本文)显示该化合物为血清素1A拮抗剂。螺哌隆(8-[4-(4-氟苯基)-4-氧代丁基]1-苯基-1,3,8-三氮杂螺[4,5]癸-4-酮)是众所周知的化合物并且公开于美国专利No.3,155,669和3,155,670中,所述文献据此通过引用整体并入本文。Middlemiss等人,Neurosc and Biobehav Rev.16:75-82(1992)中描述螺哌隆作为血清素1A拮抗剂的活性,所述文献据此通过引用整体并入本文。
在本发明的另一实施方案中,上述方法还涉及施用治疗有效量的选择性神经激肽-1受体拮抗剂或其可药用盐。可在本发明中与式(I)化合物或晶型联用的神经激肽-1受体拮抗剂在下列文献中被充分描述:例如美国专利No.5,373,003、5,387,595、5,459,270、5,494,926、5,162,339、5,232,929、5,242,930、5,496,833和5,637,699;PCT国际专利公布No.WO90/05525、90/05729、94/02461、94/02595、94/03429、94/03445、94/04494、94/04496、94/05625、94/07843、94/08997、94/10165、94/10167、94/10168、94/10170、94/11368、94/13639、94/13663、94/14767、94/15903、94/19320、94/19323、94/20500、91/09844、91/18899、92/01688、92/06079、92/12151、92/15585、92/17449、92/20661、92/20676、92/21677、92/22569、93/00330、93/00331、93/01159、93/01165、93/01169、93/01170、93/06099、93/09116、93/10073、93/14084、93/14113、93/18023、93/19064、93/21155、93/21181、93/23380、93/24465、94/00440、94/01402、94/26735、94/26740、94/29309、95/02595、95/04040、95/04042、95/06645、95/07886、95/07908、95/08549、95/11880、95/14017、95/15311、95/16679、95/17382、95/18124、95/18129、95/19344、95/20575、95/21819、95/22525、95/23798、95/26338、95/28418、95/30674、95/30687、95/33744、96/05181、96/05193、96/05203、96/06094、96/07649、96/10562、96/16939、96/18643、96/20197、96/21661、96/29304、96/29317、96/29326、96/29328、96/31214、96/32385、96/37489、97/01553、97/01554、97/03066、97/08144、97/14671、97/17362、97/18206、97/19084、97/19942、97/21702和97/49710;和U.K.专利申请No.2266529、2268 931、2269170、2269590、2271774、2292144、2293168、2293169和2302689;欧洲专利公布No.EP 0360390、0517589、0520555、0522808、0528495、0532456、0533280、0536817、0545478、0558156、0577394、0585913、0590152、0599538、0610793、0634402、0686629、0693489、0694535、0699655、0394989、0428434、0429366、0430771、0436334、0443132、0482539、0498069、0499313、0512901、0512902、0514273、0514274、0514275、0514276、0515681、0699674、0707006、0708101、0709375、0709376、0714891、0723959、0733632和0776893,所述文献据此通过引用整体并入本文。在以上提及的专利和出版物中充分描述了这类化合物的制备。
在本发明的另一实施方案中,上述方法还涉及施用治疗有效量的去甲肾上腺素前体或其可药用盐。适合的去甲肾上腺素前体包括L-酪氨酸和L-苯丙氨酸。
本发明的另一实施方案为在需要其的患者中抑制突触去甲肾上腺素摄取的方法。该方法涉及施用治疗有效抑制量的式(I)化合物或本文所述的晶型。
本发明的另一实施方案为在需要其的患者中抑制血清素摄取的方法。该方法涉及施用治疗有效抑制量的式(I)化合物或本文所述的晶型。
本发明的另一实施方案为在需要其的患者中抑制多巴胺摄取的方法。该方法涉及施用治疗有效抑制量的式(I)化合物或本文所述的晶型。
本发明的另一实施方案为本文所述的治疗方法,在该方法中使用式(I)化合物的(+)-立体异构体。
本发明的另一实施方案为本文所述的治疗方法,在该方法中使用式(I)化合物的(-)-立体异构体。
本发明的另一实施方案为试剂盒,其包含式(I)化合物或本文所述的晶型和至少一种选自以下化合物的化合物:血清素1A受体拮抗剂化合物、选择性神经激肽-1受体拮抗剂化合物和去甲肾上腺素前体化合物。
本发明的另一实施方案涉及在需要其的患者中治疗以上提及的实施方案中所涉及的病症的方法。该方法包括通过施用治疗有效抑制量的作为三重作用的去甲肾上腺素、多巴胺和血清素摄取抑制剂起作用的式(I)化合物或本文所述的晶型,抑制突触去甲肾上腺素、多巴胺和血清素摄取。
本发明的另一实施方案涉及用于在哺乳动物中抑制血清素摄取的方法。该方法包括给需要增加血清素神经传递的哺乳动物施用药学有效量的式(I)化合物或本文所述的晶型。
本发明的另一实施方案涉及用于在哺乳动物中抑制多巴胺摄取的方法。该方法包括给需要增加多巴胺神经传递的哺乳动物施用药学有效量的式(I)化合物或本文所述的晶型。
本发明的另一实施方案涉及用于在哺乳动物中抑制去甲肾上腺素摄取的方法。该方法包括给需要增加去甲肾上腺素神经传递的哺乳动物施用药学有效量的式(I)化合物或本文所述的晶型。
本发明的另一实施方案涉及抑制人们吸烟的要求的方法。该方法包括给需要这种抑制作用的人施用降低吸烟要求的有效剂量的式(I)化合物或本文所述的晶型。
本发明的另一实施方案涉及抑制人们消费酒精的要求的方法。该方法包括给需要这种抑制作用的人施用降低消费酒精要求的有效剂量的式(I)化合物或本文所述的晶型。
本发明的另一实施方案涉及用于制备式(I)的产物化合物的方法。该方法包括在有效产生产物化合物的条件下用酸处理式(II)的第一中间体化合物
式II。
适合的酸包括但不限于,硫酸、甲磺酸、磷酸和L-酒石酸。
应意识到,为清楚起见,在独立的实施方案的内容中描述的本发明的一些特征,也可以单一实施方案组合形式来提供。相反,为简洁起见,在单一实施方案的内容中描述的本发明的多种特征,也可分开或以任何适宜的亚组合形式提供。
如本文描述的那样或通过已知方法的应用或改进,即通过以前使用的或文献中描述的方法,可制备本发明的化合物,例如起始原料、中间体或产物。
通过已知方法的应用或改进,即通过此前使用的或在文献例如那些由R.C.Larock,Comprehensive Organic Transformations,VCH出版面,New York(1989)(其据此通过引用整体并入本文)中描述的方法,可制备本发明有用的化合物。
在大约室温至回流的温度下,优选在升高的温度下,在惰性溶剂例如二氯甲烷中,优选通过与过酸例如在乙酸中的过氧乙酸或间-氯过苯甲酸反应,可将包含含有一个或更多个氮环原子的基团的式(I)化合物转化为相应的化合物,其中所述基团的一个或更多个氮环原子氧化为N-氧化物。
在上文描述的反应中,保护活性官能团例如羟基、氨基、亚氨基、硫基或羧基是必要的,其中这些活性官能团是最终产物中所要求的,以避免它们不合乎需要地参与反应。按照标准实践可使用常规保护基团,例如参见(例如,Wuts等人,Protective Groups in Organic Chemistry(第4版),Wiley(2006)和McOmie,Protective Groups in Organic Chem istry,Plenum Press(1973),其据此通过引用整体并入)。
本发明的式(I)的新型四氢异喹啉再摄取抑制剂可由流程1中所述的合成路径制备。
流程1
将1-(3-甲氧基苯基)-N-甲基甲胺与3,4-二氯溴苯乙酮在三乙胺存在下反应以得到1-(3,4-二氯苯基)-2-((3-甲氧基苄基)(甲基)氨基)乙酮。用硼氢化钠还原该酮得到1-(3,4-二氯苯基)-2-((3-甲氧基苄基)(甲基)氨基)乙醇,其经历酸介导的环化以得到4-(3,4-二氯苯基)-7-甲氧基-2-甲基-1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉。该外消旋体四氢异喹啉衍生物可通过手性HPLC或超临界流体层析法(SFC)分离以得到单个对映体。可选地,手性分离可通过使用手性酸例如二-对甲苯酰基-D-酒石酸或二-对甲苯酰基-L-酒石酸重结晶来实现。
通过在回流下用48%HBr处理,将4-(3,4-二氯苯基)-7-甲氧基-2-甲基-1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉转化为相应的酚。将所得的酚转化为相应的三氟甲磺酸盐,后者被进一步转化为相应的频哪醇硼酸盐衍生物4-(3,4-二氯苯基)-2-甲基-7-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂环戊硼烷-2-基)-1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉。用氯甲酸1-氯乙酯脱甲基化然后Boc保护,得到4-(3,4-二氯苯 基)-7-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂环戊硼烷-2-基)-3,4-二氢异喹啉-2(1H)-羧酸叔丁酯。将Boc保护的四氢异喹啉与6-溴-[1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-a]吡啶在Suzuki偶联条件下反应,得到7-([1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-a]哌啶-6-基)-4-(3,4-二氯苯基)-3,4-二氢异喹啉-2(1H)-羧酸叔丁酯,后者然后通过TFA脱甲基以得到7-([1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-a]哌啶-6-基)-4-(3,4-二氯苯基)-1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉或式(I)。
制备本发明中的式(I)化合物的可选合成路径描述于流程2中。
流程2
3-甲酰基苯基硼酸与6-溴-[1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-a]吡啶的Suzuki偶联得到3-([1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-a]吡啶-6-基)苯甲醛。该醛经历还原性氨基化以得到2-(3-([1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-a]吡啶-6-基)苄基氨基)-1-(3,4-二氯苯基)乙醇,后者然后经受磺酸介导的环化以提供7-([1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-a]吡啶-6-基)-4-(3,4-二氯苯基)-1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉。
制备本发明的L-酒石酸盐的合成路线描述于流程3中。
流程3
式(I)化合物可通过用本领域技术人员熟知的手性盐环化以对映体富集的(R)和(S)形式获得或可选地,可通过使用商业可得的手性柱的手性HPLC来分离。
应理解,根据本发明的化合物可包含不对称中心。这些不对称中心可独立地为R或S构型,且此类化合物能够在偏光计中旋转偏振光的平面。如果化合物引起所述偏振光平面逆时针方向旋转,该化合物被称作是所述化合物的(-)立体异构体。如果化合物引起所述偏振光平面顺时针方向旋转,该化合物被称作是化合物的(+)立体异构体。对本领域技术人员显而易见地是一些本发明有用的化合物也可呈现几何异构。应理解本发明包括上文中式(I)化合物的各几何异构体和立体异构体以及包括外消旋混合物在内的混合物。通过应用或改进已知方法,例如层析技术和重结晶技术,从它们的混合物能够分离这样的异构体,或从它们的中间体的合适的异构体可分别制备它们。
通过本领域普通技术人员熟知的多种方法,例如使用其中掺入一种或更多种放射性同位素的起始原料,可合成本发明的放射性标记化合物。其中稳定的放射性同位素例如碳-14、氚、碘-121或另一种放射性同位素已用合成方法引入的本发明化合物是可用于鉴定脑或中枢神经系统的区域(所述区域受牵涉去甲肾上腺素、多巴胺或血清素转运体及其摄取机理的病症影响)的诊断剂。
晶型可通过多种方法制备,例如包括从合适溶剂中结晶或重结晶、升华、自熔体生长、从其他相固态转变、从超临界流体中结晶和喷射喷雾。用于使晶型从溶剂混合物中结晶或重结晶的技术例如包括蒸发溶剂、降低溶剂混合物的温度、播晶种到分子和/或盐的过饱和溶剂混合物、冷冻干燥溶剂混合物和向溶剂混合物中加入逆溶剂(反溶剂)。可使用高产量结晶技术来制备包括多晶型物的晶型。包括多晶型物的药物晶体、制备方法和药物晶体的表征在S.R.Byrn等,Solid-State Chemistry of Drugs(药物固态化学),第二版,SSCI,West Lafayette,Indiana(1999)(其据此通过引用整体并入)中论述。
对于使用溶剂的结晶技术,一种或多种溶剂的选择通常取决于一种或多种因素,诸如化合物的溶解性、结晶技术和溶剂的蒸气压,或提供基本纯的晶型的能力。可使用溶剂组合,例如,可将化合物溶解于第一溶剂中以提供溶液,接着加入逆溶剂以降低化合物在溶液中的溶解度并使晶体形成。逆溶剂是化合物在其中具有低溶解度的溶剂。
在一种制备晶体的方法中,将化合物在合适溶剂中悬浮和/或搅拌以提供浆液,可将浆液加热以促进完全或部分溶解。如本文中使用的术语“浆液”是指化合物的饱和溶液,其还可含有另外量的化合物以在给定温度下提供化合物和溶剂的不均匀混合物。
可将晶种加到任何结晶混合物中以促进结晶。可使用晶种来控制特定多晶型物的生长或控制结晶产物的粒度分布和/或提供基本纯的晶型。因此,如例如在Mullin J.W.等,“Programmed Cooling of Batch Crystallizers(分批结晶器的程序式冷却)”,Chemical Engineering Science,26,369-377(1971)(其据此通过引用整体并入)中所述,晶种的需要量的计算取决于可用晶种的大小和平均产物颗粒的所需大小。通常,需要小晶种来有效控制批料中的晶体生长。小晶种可通过筛分、研磨或使大晶体微粒化或通过使溶液微结晶产生。应当注意的是晶体的研磨或微粒化 不引起所需晶型的结晶性方面的任何改变(即,改变成非晶型或其他多晶型)。
可将冷却的结晶混合物在真空下过滤,可将分离的固体用诸如冷重结晶溶剂的合适溶剂洗涤并在氮气吹扫下干燥以提供所需晶型。分离的固体可通过诸如固态核磁共振、X射线粉末衍射等的合适光谱学或分析技术分析以保证形成产物的优选晶型。以结晶方法中最初使用的化合物的重量计,所得晶型的产量通常大于约70重量%的分离产量、优选大于90重量%的分离产量。如果需要,则可将产物共研磨或使其穿过网筛以使产物块裂开。
晶型可例如由用于制备式(I)化合物的方法的反应介质直接制备。这例如可通过在最终方法步骤中使用晶型SA-1或晶型N-2可从其中结晶的溶剂或溶剂混合物实现。可选地,晶型可通过蒸馏或溶剂添加技术得到。适于该目的的溶剂例如包括非极性溶剂和极性溶剂,极性溶剂包括诸如醇的质子极性溶剂和诸如酮的非质子极性溶剂,本领域的技术人员知道其详情和选择。
样品中多于一种多晶型物的存在可通过诸如粉末X射线衍射(PXRD)或固态核磁共振谱(SSNMR)的技术测定。例如,与模拟PXRD图比较时,实验测定的PXRD图中存在额外峰指示样品中有多于一种多晶型物。模拟PXRD可由单晶X射线数据计算(参见Smith,“A FORTRAN Program for Calculating X-Ray Powder Diffraction Patterns(用于计算X射线粉末衍射图的FORTRAN程序)”,Lawrence辐射Laboratory,Livermore,California,UCRL-7196(1963年4月),其据此通过引用整体并入)。一方面,晶型SA-1或晶型N-2具有由因模拟PXRD图中不存在的额外峰而产生的实验测定的PXRD图中小于5%、优选小于2%、更优选小于1%的总峰面积指示的相均匀性。
优选结晶技术提供包括基本纯的晶型SA-1或晶型N-2的产物。以组合物中化合物2的重量计,结晶物质优选包含至少95wt%的晶型SA-1/晶型N-1。剩余物质可包括该化合物的其他形式和/或反应杂质和/或由其制备而产生的过程杂质。反应杂质和/或过程杂质的存在可通过本领域已知的分析技术测定,例如,色谱法、核磁共振谱法、质谱法或红外光谱法。
晶型SA-1和晶型N-1可使用各种技术表征,本领域的普通技术人 员熟知这些技术。表征方法的实例包括但不限于单晶X射线衍射、粉末X射线衍射(PXRD)、模拟粉末X射线图(Yin,S.等,American Pharmaceutical Review,6(2):80(2003)(其据此通过引用整体并入))、差示扫描量热测定(DSC)、固态13C NMR(Earl W.L.等,J.Magn.Reson.,48:35-54(1982)(其据此通过引用整体并入))、拉曼光谱、红外光谱、吸湿等温线、热重量分析(TGA)和热台(hot stage)技术。
所述晶型可使用单晶X射线衍射表征和区分,单晶X射线衍射基于晶型SA-1或晶型N-2的单晶的晶胞测定。晶胞的详细说明参见Stout等,X-Ray Structure Determ ination:A Practical Guide(X射线结构测定:实践指导),第3章,Macmillan Co.,New York(1968),其据此通过引用整体并入。可选地,晶格内原子空间关系的独特排列可根据所观察到的分数原子坐标表征。表征晶体结构的另一方法是通过粉末X射线衍射分析,其中将衍射曲线与表示纯粉末物质的模拟曲线相比较,两者都在相同分析温度下进行,且将本发明晶型的测定结果表征为一系列的2θ值。
本领域的普通技术人员应理解所得到的X射线衍射图会有测定误差,这取决于所使用的测定条件。具体地说,通常已知X射线衍射图中的强度可根据所使用的测定条件波动。还应该进一步理解,相对强度也可根据实验条件改变,因此,不应该考虑强度的确切范围。另外,常规X射线衍射图的衍射角的测定误差通常为约5%或更低,应该考虑与上述衍射角有关的测定误差的程度。因此,应理解本发明的晶型不限于提供与本文中公开的附图中描绘的X射线衍射图完全相同的X射线衍射图的晶型。提供与附图中公开的那些X射线衍射图和DSC温谱图基本相同的X射线衍射图和DSC温谱图的任何晶型都属于本发明的范围。确定X射线衍射图的基本相同性的能力在本领域普通技术人员的视界内。
本发明提供包含本文所述的化合物/晶型的组合物,尤其包括包含治疗有效量的化合物/晶型和可药用载体的药物组合物。
本发明另一个目的是提供具有多种活性成分(含有或不含有载体)的试剂盒,该活性成分可一起有效地用于进行本发明新的联合疗法。
本发明的另一个目的是提供新的药物组合物,其本身及用于有益的联合疗法中是有效的,因为它包含多种其可用于本发明的活性成分。
本发明也提供组合有两种或更多种用于治疗所述疾病的活性成分的试剂盒或单一包装。试剂盒可提供(单独或与可药用稀释剂或载体结合的)式(I)化合物或本文所述的晶型和另外选自血清素1A受体拮抗剂、选择性神经激肽-1受体拮抗剂和去甲肾上腺素前体的活性成分(单独或与稀释剂或载体结合)。
在实践中,本发明的化合物/晶型通常可非胃肠外、静脉内、皮下、肌内、结肠、鼻内、腹膜内、直肠或口服施用。
可以以允许通过最适宜的途径给药的形式提供本发明产物且本发明也涉及包含至少一种本发明产物的药物组合物,它们适宜于人或兽用医疗。按照常规方法,使用一种或更多种可药用佐剂或赋形剂,可制备这些组合物。佐剂尤其包括稀释剂、灭菌水介质和多种非毒性有机溶剂。组合物可以片剂、丸剂、颗粒剂、散剂、水溶液剂或混悬剂、注射溶液剂、酏剂或糖浆剂的形式提供,且能够包含一种或更多种选自甜味剂、矫味剂、着色剂或稳定剂以得到可药用制剂的试剂。
通常按照产物的溶解度和化学性质、施用的具体方式和药学实践中观察到的有利条件,确定溶媒的选择和溶媒中活性物质的含量。例如,赋形剂如乳糖、枸橼酸钠、碳酸钙、磷酸二钙和崩解剂如淀粉、藻酸和一些复合硅酸盐与润滑剂如硬脂酸镁、十二烷基硫酸钠和滑石粉结合可用于制备片剂。为制备胶囊剂,使用乳糖和高分子量聚乙二醇是有利的。当使用水混悬剂时,它们可包含乳化剂或便利于悬浮的试剂。也可使用稀释剂如蔗糖、乙醇、聚乙二醇、丙二醇、甘油和氯仿或它们的混合物。
对非胃肠外施用而言,可使用本发明产物在植物油例如芝麻油、花生油或橄榄油、或水-有机溶液如水和丙二醇、注射有机酯如油酸乙酯以及可药用盐的灭菌水溶液中的乳剂、混悬剂或溶液剂。本发明产物的盐的溶液特别用于经肌内或皮下注射施用。水溶液剂,也包含盐在纯蒸馏水中的溶液,可被用于静脉内施用,条件是它们的pH被适当地调节,即用足够量的葡萄糖或氯化钠小心地缓冲并使其等渗且它们可经加热、辐照或微滤灭菌。
通过常规方法可制备包含本发明的化合物/晶型的适宜的组合物。例如,本发明的化合物/晶型可溶于或悬浮于适宜的用于雾化器或混悬液或溶液气溶胶的载体中,或可吸收或吸附到合适的用于干燥粉末吸入器的固体载体上。
用于直肠施用的固体组合物包括按已知方法配制的栓剂且包含至少一种式(I)化合物/晶型。
活性成分在本发明组合物中的百分比可以变化,它应构成一定比例以达到合适的剂量是必要的。很明显,在大约同一时间内可施用几个单位剂型。所使用的剂量将由医师确定,并依所需治疗作用、施用途径和治疗持续时间及患者的疾病而定。在成人中,剂量通常为每天吸入约0.01至约100,优选约0.01至约10mg/kg体重,每天口服给予约0.01至约100,优选0.1至70,更特别0.1至10mg/kg体重和每天静脉内施用约0.01至约50,优选0.01至约10mg/kg体重。在每种具体情况下,根据受治疗者各自的因素,例如年龄、体重、一般健康状态和其它能够影响药用产物效力的特征,将确定这些剂量。
必要时本发明产物可反复施用以达到所需的治疗作用。一些患者可迅速应答于较高或较低剂量且可发现低得多的足够维持剂量。对其它的患者而言,按照每位具体患者的生理需要,以每天1-4个剂量的频率对长期治疗是必要的。通常,活性产物可每天口服施用1-4次。对其它的患者而言,不言而喻,每天开出不多于1或2个剂量将是必要的。
本发明提供抑制突触去甲肾上腺素、多巴胺和血清素摄取的化合物,因此被认为用于治疗由血清素、去甲肾上腺素或多巴胺的有效性降低引起的或依赖于血清素、去甲肾上腺素或多巴胺的有效性降低的病症。尽管式(I)化合物抑制突触去甲肾上腺素、多巴胺和血清素摄取,但是在任何单独化合物中,这些抑制作用可在相同或各种不同的浓度或剂量下证明。结果,在突触去甲肾上腺素摄取可被基本上抑制但突触血清素摄取或多巴胺摄取基本上未被抑制的剂量下,式(I)化合物在治疗这样的病症中也是有用的,反之亦然。并且,在突触多巴胺摄取可被基本上抑制但突触去甲肾上腺素或血清素摄取基本上未被抑制的剂量下,式(I)化合物在治疗这样的病症中也是有用的,反之亦然。并且相反,在突触血清素摄取可被基本上抑制但突触去甲肾上腺素或多巴胺摄取基本上未被抑制的剂量下,式(I)化合物在治疗这样的病症中是有用的,反之亦然。在突触去甲肾上腺素、多巴胺和血清素摄取基本上受到抑制的剂量下,式(I)化合物在治疗这样的病症中也可以是有用的。
通过使用本领域普通技术人员熟知且理解的标准测定和技术,容易确定测试化合物抑制突触去甲肾上腺素、多巴胺和血清素摄取的浓度或 剂量。例如,大鼠中特定剂量的抑制程度可通过Dudley,J Pharmacol Exp Ther,217:834-840(1981)(其据此通过引用整体并入本文)的方法来确定。
治疗有效抑制剂量是基本上有效抑制突触去甲肾上腺素摄取、突触多巴胺摄取或突触血清素摄取或抑制去甲肾上腺素、多巴胺和血清素摄取中的两种或多种的突触摄取的剂量。通过使用常规范围发现的技术和上述测试系统中所得的类似结果,本领域技术人员能够容易确定治疗有效抑制剂量。
相对于可用于治疗相似病症的其它化合物,本发明化合物提供特别有益的治疗指数。不打算受到理论的限制,确信这是由于(至少部分由于)化合物对一种或两种神经递质转运体具有较高的结合亲和性,例如它们对血清素转运蛋白(“SERT”)的选择性超过对其它神经化学物质的转运蛋白例如多巴胺转运蛋白(“DAT”)和去甲肾上腺素转运蛋白(“NET”)的选择性。
通过普通技术人员熟知的多种方法证实结合亲和性,包括(但不限于)在以下实施例部分中描述的那些方法。简言之,例如,将来自表达所述转运蛋白的细胞,例如HEK293E细胞的包含蛋白的提取物与该蛋白质的放射性标记配体一起孵育。在其它的蛋白配体例如本发明的化合物存在下,所述放射性配体与蛋白的结合是可逆的;所述可逆性如以下描述的那样,提供测量化合物对所述蛋白结合亲和性的方法(IC50或Ki)。化合物较高的IC50/Ki值表明与具有较低的IC50/Ki值的化合物相比,所述化合物对蛋白具有较低的结合亲和性;相反,较低的IC50/Ki值表明较高的结合亲和性。
因此,化合物对蛋白的选择性差异由以下事实说明,化合物对蛋白的选择性越高,对蛋白的IC50/Ki越低,化合物对蛋白的选择性越低,对蛋白的IC50/Ki越高。因此,化合物对蛋白A比对蛋白B的IC50/Ki值比值越高,化合物对后者比对前者的选择性越大(对化合物前者具有较高的IC50/Ki值而后者具有较低的IC50/Ki值)。
本发明的化合物(“三重作用转运体再摄取抑制剂”)同时对所有三种生物胺转运蛋白NET、DAT或SERT具有有效的结合亲和性。例如,本发明的化合物对NET、DAT和SERT具有有效的<200nM的NET、DAT和SERT IC50/Ki值。
化合物对三种转运蛋白SERT、DAT和NET的体外亲和性通过本 领域普通技术人员熟知的方法(包括但不限于下面实施例部分所述的那些方法)来证实。
因此,化合物对蛋白的体外选择性的差异由以下事实说明,化合物对转运蛋白具有较高的选择性,则对蛋白的占有值%(或实施例部分所用的[3H]配体化合物的抑制%)较高;化合物对该蛋白具有较低的选择性,则对蛋白的占有值%(或实施例部分所用的[3H]配体化合物的抑制%)较低。
本发明的所选化合物当通过各种途径(例如但不限于口服、静脉内、皮下、腹膜内和肌内)以药学上可行的剂量施用时,对生物胺转运体NET、DAT或SERT中的一种、两种或所有三种具有统计上显著的占有值%。
本发明的所选化合物当通过各种途径(例如但不限于口服、静脉内、皮下、腹膜内和肌内)以药学上可行的剂量施用时,对生物胺转运体NET、DAT或SERT中的一种、两种或所有三种具有10%-100%的占有值%。在优选的实施方案中,本发明化合物对至少一种生物胺转运体NET、DAT或SERT具有40%-100%占有值。
实施例
实施例1-7-([1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-a]哌啶-6-基)-4-(3,4-二氯苯基)-1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉,L-酒石酸盐的制备
步骤A:向3-甲氧基苯甲醛(180g,1.32mol)在甲醇(1L)中的溶液加入40%甲胺水溶液(113ml,1.31mol),然后在0℃下搅拌1小时。在0℃分批加入硼氢化钠(75g,1.98mol),将反应混合物搅拌1小时。将溶液浓缩至更小的体积,然后用水稀释(200mL),将所得溶液用二氯甲烷萃取(3×500mL)。将合并的有机萃取液经硫酸钠干燥,过滤,在减压下浓缩,得到为澄清油状物的粗制N-甲基苄基胺(220g,定量),其用于下一步骤而不经进一步纯化:1H NMR(CDCl3,500MHz)δ.7.23(t,J=8.0Hz,1H),6.92-6.88(m,2H),6.81-6.78(m,1H),3.80(s,3H),3.73(s,2H),2.45(s,3H),2.07(宽单峰,1H)。
步骤B:向来自步骤A的上述胺(6.2g,41.00mmol)在二氯甲烷(100mL)中的溶液加入3,4-二氯溴苯乙酮(10.0g,37.3mmol),将所得混合物在0℃搅拌1小时,然后加入三乙胺(5.20ml,37.31mmol),然后在0℃ 搅拌1小时。将反应混合物用水稀释(100mL),然后用另外的二氯甲烷萃取(3×75mL)。将合并的萃取液经硫酸钠干燥,过滤,浓缩,得到为浅黄色油状物的1-(3,4-二氯苯基)-2-((3-甲氧基苄基)(甲基)氨基)乙酮(15.08g),其用于下一步骤而不经进一步纯化:1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ8.08(d,J=2.0Hz,1H),7.78(dd,J=8.5;2.0Hz,1H),7.50(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),7.25(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),6.90(d,J=7.5Hz,1H),6.87(d,J=2.5Hz,1H),6.82(dd,J=8.0;2.5Hz,1H),3.79(s,3H),3.66(s,2H),3.60(s,2H),2.33(s,3H)。
步骤C:在0℃、向来自步骤B的酮(~37mmol)在甲醇(150mL)中的溶液分批加入硼氢化钠(2.11g,55.79mmol)。首先将反应混合物搅拌2小时,然后用水稀释(100mL),用二氯甲烷萃取(3×300mL)。将合并的有机萃取液经硫酸钠干燥,过滤,在减压下浓缩至干,得到为黄色油状物的粗制醇(14.14g),其不经进一步纯化而用于下一步骤:1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ7.45(d,J=2.0Hz,1H),7.38(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.28-7.23(m,1H),7.16(dd,J=8.0;2.0Hz,1H),6.90-6.81(m,3H),4.70-4.65(m,1H),3.81(s,3H),3.70(d,J=13.0Hz,1H),3.50(d,J=13.0Hz,1H),2.54-2.49(m,2H),2.32(s,3H)。
步骤D:向来自步骤C的醇(~37mmol)在二氯甲烷(200mL)中的溶液加入浓硫酸(12ml,235mol),将混合物在0℃搅拌28小时。通过加入6N NaOH溶液淬灭反应直至pH~9。水相用另外的二氯甲烷萃取(3x)。合并的有机萃取液用盐水洗涤(3x),经硫酸钠干燥,过滤,浓缩。通过快速色谱法(1∶1∶1:至1∶1∶2二氯甲烷/己烷/乙酸乙酯)纯化残余物以提供4-(3,4-二氯苯基)-7-甲氧基-2-甲基-1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉(7.0g,3步收率为59%),为浅黄色油状物:1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ7.33(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.29(d,J=2.0Hz,1H),7.03(dd,J=8.5;2.0Hz,1H),6.76(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),6.66(dd,J=8.5;3.0hz,1H),6.61(d,J=2.5Hz,1H),4.16-4.11(m,1H),3.77(s,3H),3.67-3.59(m,2H),2.92(dd,J=11.5;5.5Hz,1H),2.55(dd,J=11.5;7.0Hz,1H),2.39(s,3H)。不希望的5-甲氧基异构体也被分离(1.20g,3步收率为10%)
步骤E:来自上述步骤D的外消旋体4-(3,4-二氯苯基)-7-甲氧基-2-甲基-1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉(7.0g)通过制备型手性HPLC(CHIRALPAK AD柱,使用80∶20∶0.1庚烷/2-丙醇/二乙胺作为洗脱剂)拆分,得到为无色油 状物的(+)-对映体([α]25 D+31.9°(c 0.49,甲醇))(3.68g)和为无色油状物的(一)-对映体(3.99g)。
步骤F:将(+)-4-(3,4-二氯苯基)-7-甲氧基-2-甲基-1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉(3.68g,11.42mmol)在乙酸(20mL)和48%氢溴酸水溶液(50mL)的混合物中的溶液回流8小时。用氢氧化钠浓缩水溶液和碳酸氢钠饱和水溶液碱化冰冷反应混合物直至pH达到约8-9,用二氯甲烷萃取(3x)。将合并的萃取液经硫酸钠干燥,过滤,真空浓缩得到为黄色固体的粗制醇(2.6g)。1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ7.32(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),7.26(d,J=2.0Hz,1H),7.01(dd,J=8.0;2.0Hz,1H),6.65(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),6.54(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),6.49(宽单峰,1H),4.15-4.10(m,1H),3.60(d,J=15.0Hz,1H),3.56(d,J=15.0Hz,1H),2.96(dd,J=11.5;5.7Hz,1H),2.52(dd,J=11.5,8.0Hz,1H),2.39(s,3H)。
步骤G:在-78℃、向来自上述步骤F的苯酚(2.1g,6.81mmol)和吡啶(0.72ml,8.85mmol)在二氯甲烷(60mL)中的溶液加入三氟甲磺酸酐(1.37ml,8.14mmol)。将反应升温至0℃,搅拌1小时。将反应混合物用水稀释(20mL),用二氯甲烷萃取(3x)。将合并的萃取液经硫酸钠干燥,过滤,浓缩,得到为黄色油状物的粗制三氟甲磺酸盐。1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ7.36(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),7.30(d,J=2.0Hz,1H),7.03-6.98(m,3H),6.94(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),4.19-4.15(m,1H),3.68(s,2H),2.96(dd,J=11.7;5.5Hz,1H),2.60(dd,J=11.7,7.5Hz,1H),2.42(s,3H)。
步骤H:用氩气给来自上述步骤G的三氟甲磺酸盐(~6.8mmol)、双戊酰二硼(2.07g,8.15mmol)和乙酸钾(2.05g,20.8mmol)在二甲基亚砜(35mL)中的混合物脱气。向混合物加入二氯[1,1’-二(二苯基膦基)二茂铁]钯(II)(0.40g,0.55mmol)。用氩气给所得混合物脱气,然后在85℃加热2小时。用乙酸乙酯(150mL)稀释冷反应混合物。用水(2×40mL)、盐水(1×40mL)洗涤所得混合物,经硫酸钠干燥,过滤,真空浓缩。纯化快速层析住(洗脱剂,1∶1∶1至1∶1∶2二氯甲烷/己烷/乙酸乙酯)得到所需硼酸酯(2.6g,2步收率为91%),为黄色固体。1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ7.55(s,1H),7.52(d,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.33(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),7.28(d,J=2.0Hz,1H),7.01(dd,J=8.0,2.0Hz,1H),6.85(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),4.23(t,J=6.5Hz,1H),3.71(d,J=15.0Hz,1H),3.67(d,J=15.0Hz,1H),2.98(dd,J=11.4,5.3Hz,1H),2.56(dd,J=11.4,7.5Hz,1H),2.41(s,3H),1.33(s,12H)。
步骤I:在0℃、向来自步骤F的硼酸酯(2.6g,6.22mmol)和质子海绵(2.6g,12.1mmol)在二氯乙烷(80mL)中的溶液加入1-氯乙基氯甲酸酯(2.4ml,22.1mmol)。将混合物在0℃搅拌15分钟,然后回流40分钟,真空浓缩。将残余物滤过硅胶短柱(洗脱剂,1∶1∶1二氯甲烷/己烷/乙酸乙酯),将滤液真空浓缩。用甲醇(160mL)稀释残余物,加热回流1小时,真空浓缩,得到4-(3,4-二氯苯基)-7-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂环戊硼烷-2-基)-1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉,为褐色泡沫状物。
步骤J:将来自步骤I的产物(~6.2mmol)、(Boc)2O(3.60g,16.4mmol)、三乙胺(1.5ml,10.7mmol)和DMAP(0.26g,2.20mmol)在二氯甲烷(120mL)中的溶液在室温搅拌4小时。通过加入水(50mL)淬灭反应,用另外的二氯甲烷萃取水相(2×100mL)。将合并的萃取液经硫酸钠干燥,过滤,真空浓缩。快速柱层析法(洗脱剂,47.5∶47.5∶5至1∶1∶1二氯甲烷/己烷/乙酸乙酯)纯化得到boc-保护的四氢异喹啉(1.82g,3步收率为58%),为白色泡沫状物。1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ7.65(s,1H),7.58(d,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.32(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.13(s,1H),6.95(d,J=7.0Hz,1H),6.97-6.93and 6.83-6.78(m,1H),5.01-4.95and 4.48-4.43(m,1H),4.56-4.52(m,1H),3.95(s,1H),3.83-3.44(m,2H),1.43and 1.26(2s,9H),1.33(s,12H)。
步骤K:干燥烧瓶中装入来自步骤J的硼酸酯(0.8g,1.59mmol)、6-溴-[1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-a]吡啶(0.35g,1.78mmol)、碳酸铯(0.97g,2.98mmol)和二氯[1,1’-二(二苯基膦基)二茂铁]钯(II)二氯甲烷加成物(87mg,0.12mmol)。使烧瓶充满氩气,然后加入DMF(20mL)和水(4mL),之后进行短时间超声处理。将反应混合物加热至80℃达1小时。用水稀释(20mL)冷反应混合物,用二氯甲烷萃取水层(3×60mL)。将合并的有机相真空浓缩。通过快速柱层析法(洗脱剂,1∶1∶1至1∶1∶2二氯甲烷/己烷/乙酸乙酯)纯化得到Boc-保护的7-([1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-a]哌啶-6-基)-4-(3,4-二氯苯基)-1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉(0.86g,定量),为白色泡沫状物。
步骤L:Boc-保护的7-([1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-a]哌啶-6-基)-4-(3,4-二氯苯基)-1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉(0.85g,1.72mmol)和浓盐酸(4.0mL)在乙醇(10mL)中的溶液在室温搅拌1小时。将反应混合物真空浓缩至干。将残余物溶解于二氯甲烷(14mL)和TFA(10mL)的混合物中,在室温搅拌1小时,然后真空浓缩。由此得到的糖浆用二氯甲烷稀释,用碳酸氢钠饱和 水溶液处理直到pH 8-9。将水相用另外的二氯甲烷萃取(3x),将有机相经硫酸钠干燥,过滤,真空浓缩得到7-([1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-a]哌啶-6-基)-4-(3,4-二氯苯基)-1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉(0.59g,87%),为白色泡沫状物。
步骤M:向来自步骤B的产物(0.59g,1.49mmol)在乙醇中的溶液加入L-酒石酸(0.22g,1.49mmol)。过滤浆液。用乙醇漂洗滤饼,干燥,得到7-([1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-a]哌啶-6-基)-4-(3,4-二氯苯基)-1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉,L-酒石酸盐(0.49g,59%,AUC HPLC>99%)为白色固体。[[α]25 D+9.0°(c 0.11,甲醇)]。1H NMR(500MHz,CD3OD)δ9.09(s,1H),8.53(s,1H),8.02(dd,J=9.0,2.0Hz,1H),7.86(d,J=9.0Hz,1H),7.68(s,1H),7.64-7.61(m,1H),7.55(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.48(d,J=2.0Hz,1H),7.24(dd,J=8.0,2.0Hz,1H),7.04(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),4.65-4.57(m,2H),4.52(d,J=16.0Hz,1H),4.41(s,2H),3.79(dd,J=12.5,6.0Hz,1H),3.44(t,J=12.5Hz,1H)。ESI MS m/z 395[M+H]+。C21H16Cl2N4·C4H6O6·0.5H2O的分析计算值:C,54.16;H,4.18;N,10.11.实测值:C,54.07;H 3.92;N,9.97。
按照对于合成(+)-7-([1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-a]哌啶-6-基)-4-(3,4-二氯苯基)-1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉,L-酒石酸盐([α]24 D-6.0°(c 0.10,甲醇))所述的类似步骤,使用(-)-4-(3,4-二氯苯基)-7-甲氧基-2-甲基-1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉制备(-)-7-([1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-a]哌啶-6-基)-4-(3,4-二氯苯基)-1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉的L-酒石酸盐。
实施例2-实施例1的备选合成
步骤A:来自实施例1步骤G的三氟甲磺酸盐(9.5g,21.6mmol)和双戊酰二硼(6.6g,25.9mmol)在二甲基亚砜(200mL)中的溶液加入乙酸钾(6.4g,64.8mmol)。用氩气给溶液脱气5分钟,然后向其加入二氯[1,1’-二(二苯基膦基)二茂铁]钯(II)(1.6g,2.2mmol)。用氩气给反应混合物脱气5分钟,在80℃加热1小时,然后冷却至室温。向该溶液加入6-溴-[1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-α]吡啶(4.8g,23.8mmol)和碳酸铯水溶液(21.1g,64.8mmol于87mL水中)。用氩气给所得溶液脱气,然后向其加入二氯[1,1’-二(二苯基膦基)二茂铁]钯(II)(0.8g,1.1mmol)。用氩气给反应混合物脱气,在80℃加热1小时。在反应期间形成深色粘性油状物。深色上清液流出,用水稀释,用乙酸乙酯萃取(3x),经硫酸钠干燥,真空浓缩。将剩下的油状物溶解于二氯甲烷中,将所得溶液用水洗涤,经硫酸钠干燥,真空浓缩。通过快速柱层析法纯化(100%乙酸乙酯至92∶7.2∶0.8乙 酸乙酯/甲醇/氢氧化铵)合并的粗产物,得到7-([1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-α]哌啶-6-基)-4-(3,4-二氯苯基)-2-甲基-1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉(7.7g,87%,AUCHPLC 97.6%),为褐色泡沫状物:1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3δ8.77(s,1H),8.37(s,1H),7.82(d,J=9.0Hz,1H),7.76(d,J=9.0Hz,1H),7.39-7.32(m,4H),7.09(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.01(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),4.26(t,J=6.5Hz,1H),3.75(app s,2H),3.01(dd,J=11.5,5.5Hz,1H),2.64(dd,J=11.5,6.5Hz,1H),2.46(s,3H)。
步骤B:在0℃、向来自上述步骤A的7-([1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-α]哌啶-6-基)-4-(3,4-二氯苯基)-2-甲基-1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉(7.2g,17.6mmol)在1,2-二氯乙烷(180mL)中的溶液加入质子海绵(3.8g,17.6mmol),然后加入1-氯乙基氯甲酸酯(2.3ml,211mmol)。添加后,将反应溶液在0℃搅拌20分钟,在室温搅拌14小时。将另外的1-氯乙基氯甲酸酯(0.5ml,4.6mmol)加入反应溶液。将反应溶液搅拌另外3小时,然后将其冷却至0℃,用盐酸水溶液洗涤(1N)。在酸洗涤期间沉淀形成。将有机萃取液分离,经硫酸钠干燥,真空浓缩。通过快速柱色谱法纯化(二氯甲烷至95∶4.5∶0.5二氯甲烷/甲醇/氢氧化铵)所得残余物,得到两批部分纯化的氨基甲酸盐中间体,将其溶解于甲醇中,回流1小时。真空浓缩反应溶液,通过快速柱色谱法(乙酸乙酯至88∶10.2∶0.8乙酸乙酯/甲醇/氢氧化铵)和制备型薄层色谱法(乙酸乙酯/甲醇/氢氧化铵90∶9∶1)联用纯化所得粗产物,得到所需的去-甲基四氢异喹啉(3.8g,54%;AUC HPLC98.7%),为浅粉红色泡沫状物:1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ8.78-8.77(m,1H),8.37(s,1H),7.83(dd,J=9.5,1.0Hz,1H),7.77(dd,J=9.0,1.5Hz,1H),7.39(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),7.36-7.26(m,3H),7.05-7.00(m,2H),4.24(d,J=16.5Hz,1H),4.17(d,J=16.5Hz,1H),4.13-4.11(m,1H),3.44(dd,J=12.5,5.0Hz,1H),3.11(dd,J=13.0,6.0Hz,1H)。
步骤C:向来自上述步骤B的去-甲基四氢异喹啉(3.75g,9.48mmol)在乙醇(80mL)中的溶液加入活性碳(3.0g),在室温搅拌30分钟。通过过滤除去碳,将所得滤液真空浓缩。将所生成的油状物溶解于乙醇(60mL)中,加入L-酒石酸(1.44g,9.5mmol)在乙醇(20mL)中的溶液。之后,立即形成白色沉淀。将浆液在室温搅拌10分钟,过滤。将所得滤饼在热乙醇(70℃)中搅拌3小时,过滤。将所得滤饼在50-60℃真空干燥40小时,得到(+)-7-([1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-α]哌啶-6-基)-4-(3,4-二氯苯 基)-1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉L-酒石酸盐(3.7g,73%;AUC HPLC 99.4%,250nm),为灰白色固体[α]23 D+16.8°(c 0.13,甲醇):1H NMR(500MHz,CD3OD)δ9.09(s,1H),8.53(s,1H),8.02(dd,J=9.0;2.0Hz,1H),7.86(d,J=9.0Hz,1H),7.68(s,1H),7.64-7.61(m,1H),7.55(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.48(d,J=2.0Hz,1H),7.24(dd,J=8.0;2.0Hz,1H),7.04(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),4.65-4.57(m,2H),4.52(d,J=16.0Hz,1H),4.41(s,2H),3.79(dd,J=12.5;6.0Hz,1H),3.44(t,J =12.5Hz.1H)。ESI MS m/z 395[M+H]+C21H16Cl2N4·C4H6O6·0.5H2O的分析计算值:C,54.16;H,4.18;N,10.11.实测值:C,53.96;H 3.98;N,9.94。
实施例3-实施例1(盐酸盐)的备选合成
步骤A:向1L圆底烧瓶加入2-氨基-5-溴吡啶(100g,578mmol)、DMF-DMA(101ml,751mmol)和2-丙醇(200mL)。将混合物加热回流3小时,得到澄清深色溶液。然后将其冷却至50℃,加入盐酸羟胺(52.2g,751mmol)。将混合物在50℃搅拌过夜,得到黄色悬浮液。通过过滤收集沉淀。浓缩黑色滤液,将残余物在EtOH(20mL)中搅拌20min。通过过滤收集固体。将合并的固体在烘箱中干燥,得到N-(5-溴哌啶-2-基)-N′-羟基甲脒,为沙色固体(94g,75%收率)。
步骤B:将N-(5-溴哌啶-2-基)-N′-羟基甲脒溶解于THF(1L)中。在10℃、向该溶液缓慢加入三氟乙酸酐(106ml,751mmol)以将反应温度控制在20℃以下。添加结束后,将混合物升温至室温,搅拌2小时。反应结束后,用Na2CO3水溶液淬灭以调节pH>7。在减压下除去有机溶剂,然后用DCM萃取产物(4×300mL)。将合并的有机层经Na2SO4干燥,浓缩至干。将残余物在乙醚中搅拌(100mL),通过过滤收集产物6-溴-[1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-a]吡啶,为灰白色固体(50g,58%收率)。
步骤C:向3-甲酰基苯基硼酸(21.41g,143mmol)、6-溴-[1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-a]吡啶(28.27g,143mmol)在DMSO(600mL)和水(50mL)中的混合物加入Pd(dppf)Cl2(5.83g,7.14mmol)和Cs2CO3(116g,357mmol)。添加后使反应温度达到45℃。HPLC显示,原料在15min后消耗完。反应用水稀释(400mL)。通过过滤收集深色沉淀,溶解于DCM(300mL)中,用盐水洗涤(200mL)。用DCM(100mL)反萃取水层。将合并的有机层滤过硅藻土柱,浓缩滤液,得到黑色固体混合物。将产物在甲醇中重结晶,得到3-([1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-a]哌啶-6-基)苯甲醛(27.4g,123mmol,86%收 率),为浅灰色固体:m/z=224.0[M+1];1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-D6)δppm 7.74(t,J=7.68Hz,1H),7.91-8.02(m,2H),8.11(dd,J=9.19,1.89Hz,1H),8.17(d,J=7.81Hz,1H),8.36(s,1H),8.57(s,1H),9.45(s,1H),10.11(s,1H)。
步骤D:将α-溴-3,4’-二氯乙酰苯(26.7g,100mmol)、六亚甲基四胺(HMTA)(13.97g,100mmol)和NaI(0.5g)的混合物在室温搅拌过夜。HPLC分析表明原料的消耗。通过过滤收集铵中间体,为白色固体,用丙酮洗涤,干燥(36g,89%收率)。
向中间体(36g,88mmol)在EtOH(500mL)中的溶液加入12NHCl(75ml,0.9mol)。将混合物在76℃搅拌过夜,然后冷却至温度。通过过滤获得产物2-氨基-1-(3,4-二氯苯基)乙酮盐酸盐,为结晶固体(20.2g,95%收率):1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-D6)δppm 4.62(s,2H),7.79-7.94(m,1H),7.98(dd,J=8.56,2.01Hz,1H),8.26(d,J=2.01Hz,1H),8.48(s,3H)。
步骤E:在0℃、向2-氨基-1-(3,4-二氯苯基)乙酮盐酸盐(50g,208mmol)在MeOH(200mL)中的溶液缓慢加入硼氢化钠(7.86g,208mmol)。HPLC表明10分钟后100%耗尽。在室温、向3-([1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-a]哌啶-6-基)苯甲醛(46.4g,208mmol)在DCM/MeOH(180mL/50mL)中的溶液一次性加入先前溶液。将混合溶液在RT搅拌2h,然后加入硼氢化钠(7.86g,208mmol)。HPLC表明10分钟后100%耗尽。去除大部分溶剂,将残余物溶解于DCM/NH4OH(4N)(1L/1L)中。用盐水洗涤有机层,经Na2SO4干燥,浓缩至~250mL。DCM溶液中的产物2-(3-([1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-a]哌啶-6-基)苄基氨基)-1-(3,4-二氯苯基)乙醇用于下一步骤而不经进一步纯化(HPLC面积92%):m/z=413.1[M+1];1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-D)δppm 2.72(dd,J=12.21,8.69Hz,1H),2.96(dd,J=12.34,3.53Hz,1H),3.85-3.98(m,2H),4.69(dd,J=8.56,3.53Hz,1H),7.18(dd,J=8.31,1.76Hz,1H),7.34-7.42(m,2H),7.43-7.56(m,4H),7.72-7.88(m,2H),8.36(s,1H),8.78(s,1H)。
步骤F:用冰浴将3L圆底烧瓶中的浓硫酸(500g,5.0mol)的溶液冷却至0℃。向烧瓶滴加2-(3-([1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-a]哌啶-6-基)苄基氨基)-1-(3,4-二氯苯基)乙醇(79g,0.191mol)在DCM(250mL)中的溶液。在30分钟内结束添加,将反应温度控制在10-20℃的范围下。在添加期 间用氮气驱散DCM。蒸发DCM有助于降低反应温度。将混合物溶液在RT搅拌过夜。HPLC表明原料没有剩余。7-([1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-a]哌啶-6-基)-4-(3,4-二氯苯基)-1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉与5-([1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-a]哌啶-6-基)-4-(3,4-二氯苯基)-1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉的HPLC面积比为75∶25。将反应混合物冷却至0℃。将异丙醇(2L)缓慢加至溶液中,维持温度为<0℃。通过过滤获得固体(所需异构体纯度为92%)。然后将固体溶解于AcOEt(1L)中,用NH4OH将pH调节至10。将水层用EtOAc萃取两次。用水洗涤合并的有机层,经Na2SO4干燥,浓缩。将残余物溶解于EtOH(250mL),然后加入1.1eq的甲磺酸(20.20g,0.21mol),将溶液搅拌过夜。过滤所得的沉淀甲磺酸盐(98%purity)。将其溶解于水中,用NH4OH将pH调节至11,然后用AcOEt萃取两次。用水洗涤合并的萃取液,经Na2SO4干燥。去除溶剂后,获得无定形的7-([1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-a]哌啶-6-基)-4-(3,4-二氯苯基)-1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉7-([1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-a]哌啶-6-基)-4-(3,4-二氯苯基)-1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉(40.8g,54%收率):m/z=395.0[M+1];1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-D)δppm 3.05(dd,J=12.00,8.00Hz,1H),3.40(dd,J=12.00,4.00Hz,1H),4.05-4.25(m,3H),6.96(m,2H),7.25-7.35(m,4H),7.70-7.80(m,2H),8.32(s,1H),8.74(s,1H)。
步骤G:向7-([1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-a]哌啶-6-基)-4-(3,4-二氯苯基)-1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉(25.2g,63.8mmol)在DMF(30ml)中的溶液加入二碳酸二叔丁酯(13.91g,63.8mmol)。将反应混合物在RT搅拌1h,然后加入AcOEt(500ml)。将溶液用盐水和水洗涤。将有机层经Na2SO4干燥。去除溶剂后,通过从MeOH重结晶获得固体外消旋-7-([1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-a]哌啶-6-基)-4-(3,4-二氯苯基)-3,4-二氢异喹啉-2(1H)-羧酸叔丁酯(30.6g,61.8mmol,97%收率);m/z=495.1[M+1];1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-D)δppm 1.30(s,9H),3.60-4.15(m,3H),4.40-5.10(m,2H),6.84-7.05(m,2H),7.13(d,J=1.51Hz,1H),7.35(m,3H),7.78(dd,J=8.31,1.77Hz,2H),8.31(s,1H),8.72(s,1H)。
步骤H:经Chiralpak AS-H柱手性SFC分离(3x25cm,5μm;洗脱剂:CO2/(MeOH/TEA=100/0.2(v/v))=75/25;220nm)获得(+)-7-([1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-a]哌啶-6-基)-4-(3,4-二氯苯基)-3,4-二氢异喹啉-2(1H)-羧酸叔丁酯(99.7%ee)。
步骤I:向来自步骤H的(+)-对映体的(32.41g,65.43mmol)在 DCM(150ml)中的溶液加入盐酸-EtOH溶液(2.5N,250mL)和EtOH 500mL。将反应混合物在70℃搅拌2h。去除溶剂后,将残余物在1000mlAcOEt中再回流1h。过滤后获得产物(+)-7-([1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-a]哌啶-6-基)-4-(3,4-二氯苯基)-1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉盐酸盐(27.4g,97%收率),干燥。m/z=395.1[M+1];1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δppm 3.70(m,2H),4.40-4.65(m,3H),6.90(d,7.80Hz,1H),7.35(dd,J=7.8,2Hz,1H),7.68(m,4H),8.58(s,1H),9.38(s,1H),9.8(bs,2H)。
实施例4-初步结合测定
膜的制备
从T-175烧瓶中收集表达hSERT、hDAT或hNET蛋白质的重组HEK-293细胞,如下。从烧瓶去除培养基,用不含Ca和Mg的HBSS漂洗细胞。然后将细胞在10mM Tris-Cl、pH 7.5、5mM EDTA中孵育5-10分钟,然后根据需要通过移液和刮掉的组合将细胞升高。将细胞悬液收集到离心瓶中,用Polytron匀浆器匀浆化30秒。在4℃将悬液以32,000×g离心30分钟。滗析上清液,将丸状物在50mM Tris-Cl、pH 7.5、1mM EDTA中重悬浮且匀浆化10秒。然后在4℃将悬液以32,000×g再次离心30分钟。滗析上清液,将丸状物重悬浮于50mM Tris-Cl、pH 7.5、1mM EDTA中,短暂匀浆化。进行Bradford测定(Bio-rad),用50mM Tris-Cl、pH 7.5、1mM EDTA将膜制品稀释成2mg/ml。制备等份试样,然后冷冻,存储于-80℃下。
SERT放射性配体结合测定
将化合物以100倍所需最高测定浓度的浓度溶解于100%DMSO中,以1∶3在100%DMSO中连续稀释,将0.4μl/孔的每种溶液分配至Nunc聚丙烯圆底384-孔板。用0.4μl/孔的1mM溶解于DMSO中的氟西汀定义100%抑制。将20μl/孔的2×膜制品(15μg/ml于50mM Tris-Cl、pH 7.5、120mM NaCl、5mM KCl中)和20μl/孔的2×放射性配体溶液(520pM[125I]RTI-55于50mM Tris-Cl、pH 7.5、120mM NaCl、5mM KCl中)加至每孔,将反应在室温孵育1小时。然后将测定板的内容物转移至Millipore MultiscreenHTs GF/B滤板,该滤板用0.5%PEI预处理至少1小时。将板真空过滤,用冷却至4℃的100μl/孔50mM Tris-Cl、pH 7.5、120mM NaCl、5mM KCl进行7次洗涤。少于90秒内结束过滤和洗涤。将板空气干燥过夜,加入12μl/孔的MicroScint闪烁液,将板在Trilux 中计数。
DAT放射性配体结合测定
将化合物以100倍所需最高测定浓度的浓度溶解于100%DMSO中,以1∶3在100%DMSO中连续稀释,将0.4μl/孔的每种溶液分配至Nunc聚丙烯圆底384-孔板。用0.4μl/孔的1mM溶解于DMSO中的GBR-12935定义100%抑制。将20μl/孔的2×膜制品(12.5μg/ml于30mM磷酸盐缓冲液,pH 7.9,4℃)和20μl/孔的2×放射性配体溶液(250pM[125I]RTI-55于30mM磷酸盐缓冲液、pH 7.9,4℃)加至每孔,将反应在室温孵育1小时。然后将测定板的内容物转移至Millipore MultiscreenHTSGF/B滤板,该滤板用0.5%PEI预处理至少1小时。将板真空过滤,用冷却至4℃的100μl/孔50mM Tris-Cl、pH 7.5、120mM NaCl、5mM KCl进行7次洗涤。少于90秒内结束过滤和洗涤。将板空气干燥过夜,加入12μl/孔的MicroScint闪烁液,将板在Trilux中计数。
NET放射性配体结合测定
将化合物以100倍所需最高测定浓度的浓度溶解于100%DMSO中,以1∶3在100%DMSO中连续稀释,将1.0μl/孔的每种溶液分配至Nunc聚丙烯圆底384-孔板。用1.0μl/孔的10mM溶解于DMSO中的地昔帕明定义100%抑制。将50μl/孔的2×膜制品(0.4mg/ml于50mM磷酸盐缓冲液,pH 7.5,120mM NaCl,5mM KCl中)和50μl/孔的2×放射性配体溶液(4nM[3H]尼索西汀于50mM Tris-Cl、pH 7.5、120mM NaCl、5mM KCl中)加至每孔,将反应在室温孵育1小时。然后将测定板的内容物转移至Millipore MultiscreenHTS GF/B滤板,该滤板用0.5%PEI预处理至少1小时。将板真空过滤,用冷却至4℃的100μl/孔50mM Tris-Cl、pH 7.5、120mM NaCl、5mM KCl进行7次洗涤。少于90秒内结束过滤和洗涤。将板空气干燥过夜,加入12μl/孔的MicroScint闪烁液,将板在Trilux中计数。
数据分析
使用在每个板上进行的定义0%(仅DMSO)和100%(选择性抑制剂)抑制的对照孔将原始数据标准化至抑制%。每个板以一式三份运行,并且由此产生的浓度响应曲线使用四参数剂量响应方程,Y=底部+(顶部-底部)/(1+10^((LogIC50-X)*HillSlope))来拟合,以便测定每种化合物的IC50值。对于每种测定所选的放射性配体浓度对应于通过对于每种测定 的饱和结合分析测定的Kd浓度。
实施例5-占有率测定
脑组织收集和转运蛋白占有率评价的一般程序如下简述。小鼠通过在C02中窒息被处死,大鼠通过断头被处死,并且狗通过安乐液的IV注射被处死。对于小鼠和大鼠,从头盖骨除去脑之后,前脑组织(除去脑干和小脑)用于SERT、NET和DAT占有率评价。在狗中,切割纹状体以用于测定DAT占有率,并且剩余前脑组织(不含纹状体、脑干和小脑)用于SERT和NET占有率评价。将脑组织冷冻于冰冷异戊烷中,存储于-80℃直至匀浆化。
将脑组织解冻,然后使用polytron匀浆器(Kinematica)匀浆化。将样品等分试样立即冷冻,存储于-80℃。使用Coomassie蛋白质测定试剂盒(Pierce)测定每种样品的蛋白质含量。
用于占有率评价的离体结合的那天,将冷冻样品等分试样解冻,用针匀浆化,在表1概述的测定条件下孵育用于SERT、NET和DAT结合的100μg组织。孵育后,通过添加冰冷测定缓冲液终止反应,使用FPXLR-196滤器通过Brandel Cell Harvester快速过滤。用冰冷孵育缓冲液洗涤滤器两次,按到澄清板中,然后添加每孔200μl闪烁液。使用Wallac Microbeta液体闪烁计数器测定放射性配体。
表1.血清素、去甲肾上腺素和多巴胺转运蛋白占有率的离体结合测定条件
特异性结合通过从每个样品的总结合的值减去非特异性结合的值来计算。占有率%被计算为(1-所处理药物的特异性结合/所处理赋形剂的特异性结合)×100%。对于体内占有率EC50(产生50%占有率的化合物的总血浆浓度)的评估,使用根据下述方程的非线性回归将占有率值对血浆浓度的图拟合至单位点结合模型:%占有率=Emax*C/(EC50+C),其中Emax是最大特异性结合,C是药物浓度,且EC50是50%结合位点占有率所需的总血浆浓度。使用GraphPad Prism 3.00版(GraphPad Software,San Diego,Calif.)进行非线性回归。
结果示于下表2中:
表2.IC50和占有率值
实施例6-体内行为测定
对于所有试验
根据Bristol-Myers Squibb Company动物委员会的指导方针和Guide for Care and Use of Laboratory Animals,Institute of Animal Laboratory Resources,1996(其据此通过引用整体并入)养护所有动物。研究方案由Bristol-Myers Squibb Company Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee批准。
小鼠悬尾测啶
将雄性Swiss Webster小鼠以每笼3-4只饲养于保持12小时光照/黑暗循环的恒温(21-23℃)和恒湿(50±10%)室中。在整个研究期间动物可随意饮水和摄食。在测试当天,将它们放入测试室内并让其适应环境1小时。开始测试,将尾部系一根带子,然后将该带子系于消音室天花板上的挂钩。使用Med Associates软件自动记录不动状态。在测试前,将化合物以固定的预处理间隔快速施用。
在小鼠悬尾研究中实施例1-(+)-对映体的最小有效剂量是10mg/kg。
大鼠强迫游泳测定
将雄性Sprague Dawley大鼠成对饲养于保持12小时光照/黑暗循环的恒温(21-23℃)和恒湿(50±10%)室中。在整个研究期间动物可随意饮水和摄食。在开始实验前的两天,触摸每只动物2分钟。在测试第一天,将大鼠置于游泳池(高46cm×直径21em,装满24-26℃30em水的Pyrex圆筒)中15分钟(预游期)。15分钟预游期结束时,将大鼠干燥并放回它们的饲养笼内。在接下来24小时内第二次测试游泳之前的3个时间点(23.5、5和1小时)施用化合物。这项游泳测试持续时间为5分钟,并对动物行为进行录像以及对活动行为(不动状态、游泳、攀爬)进行评分。在5分钟测试期期间每5秒钟结束时,按下列之一对大鼠行为进行评分:不动状态(大鼠在水中保持漂浮而不挣扎,并且仅仅做出那些需要保持其头部露出水面的动作)、游泳(大鼠做出超出了仅仅需要保持其头部露出水面动作的主动游泳动作,例如在圆筒内来回绕)或攀爬(大鼠用其前爪在水面上下做主动运动,通常是向着圆筒壁)。化合物仅仅通过事先预设的编码来识别,并且在整个实验过程中(包括在对录像带进行评分时)实验者保持盲态。
大鼠和小鼠运动行为
将两个种类的动物根据上述条件饲养。测试装置包括配备Digiscan活动监测仪(其检测8条红外线的阻断)的Plexiglas室。以5分钟间隔记录水平活动,总共持续60分钟,并且表示为覆盖的总行程(单位为cm)。在测试前,以固定的预处理间隔快速施用化合物。
实施例7-(S)-7-([1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-a]哌啶-6-基)-4-(3,4-二氯苯基)-1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉L-酒石酸盐(L-酒石酸盐)的单晶的制备
在加热下、于小瓶中将(S)-7-([1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-a]哌啶-6-基)-4-(3,4-二氯苯基)-1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉L-酒石酸盐(20mg)溶解于甲醇(8mL)。然后将蒸馏水(2mL)加至上述澄清溶液。将所得溶液盖上塞子,放置于室温。在空气中缓慢蒸发数天后,得到(S)-7-([1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-a]哌啶-6-基)-4-(3,4-二氯苯基)-1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉L-酒石酸盐的针状晶体。
实施例8-(S)-7-([1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-a]哌啶-6-基)-4-(3,4-二氯苯基)-1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉单盐酸盐单异丙醇钠一水合物的单晶(HCl盐;晶型SA-1)的制备
在搅拌下、于小瓶中将(S)-7-([1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-a]哌啶-6-基)-4-(3,4-二氯苯基)-1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉单-HCl盐(20mg)溶解于异丙醇(10mL)中。然后将蒸馏水(2mL)加至上述澄清溶液中。将所得溶液盖上塞,放置于室温。在空气中缓慢蒸发数天后,获得(S)-7-([1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-a]哌啶-6-基)-4-(3,4-二氯苯基)-1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉单-HCl盐单异丙醇盐的长针晶体。通过过滤从母液分离针状晶体,在45℃和100mmHg的条件下将湿滤饼在烘箱中干燥16小时。
实施例9一(S)-7-([1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-a]哌啶-6-基)-4-(3,4-二氯苯基)-1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉单盐酸盐的单晶(HCl盐;晶型N-2)的制备
在搅拌下、于小瓶中将(S)-7-([1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-a]哌啶-6-基)-4-(3,4-二氯苯基)-1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉单-HCl盐(20mg)溶解于甲醇(8mL)中。然后将蒸馏水(2mL)加至上述澄清溶液。将所得溶液盖上塞,放置于室温。在空气中缓慢蒸发数天后,得到(S)-7-([1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-a]哌啶-6-基)-4-(3,4-二氯苯基)-1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉单-HCl盐的针状单晶。
实施例10-X-射线晶体学的单晶分析
分别在225K和室温下、在装备有石墨-单色化Cu Kα辐射 的SMART CCD衍射仪上收集(S)-7-([1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-a]哌啶 -6-基)-4-(3,4-二氯苯基)-1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉L-酒石酸盐(L-酒石酸盐)和(S)-7-([1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-a]哌啶-6-基)-4-(3,4-二氯苯基)-1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉单盐酸盐(HCl盐;晶型N-2)晶体的数据。在室温下、在装备有石墨-单色化Cu Kα辐射 的X8-ApexII衍射仪上收集数据(S)-7-([1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-a]哌啶-6-基)-4-(3,4-二氯苯基)-1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉单盐酸盐单异丙醇盐一水合物(HCl盐;晶型SA-1)的数据(APEX-II1.0-28,Data Collection Software for Bruker CCD devices.Bruker AXSInc.,Madison,Wisconsin,US.SAINT PLUS,Processing Software for BrukerCCD devices,Bruker AXS Inc.,Madison,Wisconsin,US)。使用整个数据集测定最终晶胞参数。
通过直接法解出所有结构,并且通过全矩阵最小二乘法技术使用SHELXTL软件包(Sheldrick,GM.1997,SHELXTL.Structure Determination Programs.Version 5.10,Bruker AXS,Madison,Wisconsin,USA.)修正。在修正中被最小化的函数为∑w(|Fo|-|Fc|)2。R被定义为∑||Fo|-|Fc||/∑|Fo|,而Rw=[∑w(|Fo|-|Fc|)2/∑w|Fo|2]1/2,其中w为以实测强度中的误差为基础的适当的权重函数。在修正的所有阶段检测了差值傅里叶图。L-酒石酸盐形式中,侧苯基环上的一个氯原子在两个位置上无序,每个位置各为50%占有率。酒石酸分子也是无序的,因而不能被很好地塑造模型。由于无序,不能鉴定甲醇分子的数目。用各向异性热位移参数修正所有非氢原子。与氢键合相关的氢原子位于最终差值傅里叶图上,而根据具有标准键长和键角的几何学计算其它氢原子的位置。它们是指定的各向同性温度因子,并且包括在具有固定参数的结构因子计算中。
L-酒石酸盐形式的晶体数据示于表3中并且分级原子坐标列于表4中。晶型SA-1的晶体数据示于表5中并且分级原子坐标列于表6中。晶型N-2的晶体数据示于表7中并且分级原子坐标列于表8中。本领域技术人员应理解,坐标的轻微变化是可能的并且被认为在本公开的范围之内。
表3.L-酒石酸盐形式的晶体数据
表4.L-酒石酸盐形式的原子坐标
表5.HCl盐:晶型SA-1的晶体数据
表6.HCl盐:晶型SA-1的原子坐标
晶型SA-1的原子坐标(×104)和等价各向同性位移参数 U(eq)被定义为正交化Uij张量迹线的三分之一。
表7.HCl盐:晶型N-2的晶体数据
表8.HCl盐:晶型N-2的原子坐标
实施例11一晶型SA-1和N-2的粉末X-射线衍射
使用Bruker C2GADDS获得X-射线粉末衍射(PXRD)。辐射为CuKα(40KV,40MA)。样品-检测器距离为15cm。将粉末样品放置于直径为1mm或以下的密封玻璃毛细管中;在数据收集期间使毛细管旋转。收集3≤20≤35°的数据,其中样品暴露时间为至少1000秒。整合所得的二维衍射弧以产生传统1维PXRD。由晶型SA-1的单晶数据计算的PXRD图和模拟图的结果示于图1中。
表9列出了描述晶型SA-1((S)-7-([1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-a]哌啶-6-基)-4-(3,4-二氯苯基)-1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉单盐酸盐单异丙醇盐单水合物)和晶型N-2((S)-7-([1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-a]哌啶-6-基)-4-(3,4-二氯苯基)-1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉单盐酸盐)的特征PXRD峰。具体来说,表9示出基于用具有旋转毛细管的衍射仪(cuKα)在经NIST或其它适合的标准校准的2θ下收集的高品质图,在室温时的特征衍射峰位置(20±0.1°)。
表9
晶型SA-1 | 晶型N-2 |
5.8 | 8.3 |
8.1 | 8.9 |
9.1 | 10.9 |
10.8 | 14.2 |
11.7 | 14.7 |
13.0 | 16.7 |
13.3 | 17.3 |
14.5 | 18.0 |
15.1 | 18.4 |
15.4 | 18.8 |
16.2 | 20.2 |
16.8 | 21.9 |
实施例12-晶型SA-1的差示扫描量热法
差示扫描量热法(DSC)实验在TA InstrumentsTM model Q 1000或 2920中进行。将样品(约2-6mg)在带有钉洞的气密式铝盘中称重,精确记录,记录至百分之一毫克,然后转移至DSC中。用氮气以50mL/min净化仪器。在室温至300℃之间以10℃/min加热速率收集数据。绘制吸热峰向下的曲线图。结果示于图2中。
实施例13-晶型SA-1的热重量分析
结果示于图3中。
尽管已在本文详细地描绘且阐述了优选的实施方案,但是相关领域技术人员应明白,在不背离本发明的精神下可进行各种修饰、添加、替换等等并且因此这些修饰、添加、替换被认为在所附权利要求中所界定的本发明的范围之内。
Claims (44)
7.权利要求6的晶型,其中所述晶型SA-1的纯度为至少98wt%。
8.权利要求6的晶型,其中所述晶型SA-1的纯度为至少99wt%。
9.一种药物组合物,其包含可药用载体和治疗有效量的根据权利要求1的晶型。
10.一种治疗由去甲肾上腺素、多巴胺或血清素的有效性降低引起的或依赖于去甲肾上腺素、多巴胺或血清素的有效性降低的病症的方法,所述方法包括:向需要这种治疗的患者施用治疗有效量的根据权利要求1的晶型或其可药用盐。
11.根据权利要求10的方法,其中所述病症选自:注意力缺陷过动症(ADHD)、认知损害、焦虑症、广泛性焦虑症(GAD)、惊恐症、双相型障碍或躁狂抑郁或躁狂-抑郁症、强迫症(OCD)、创伤后应激病症(PTSD)、急性应激病症、社交恐怖、单纯型恐怖症、经前焦虑症(PMDD)、社交焦虑症(SAD)、重度抑郁症(MDD)、产后抑郁、心境恶劣、伴随阿尔茨海默病的抑郁、帕金森病或精神病、核上性麻痹、进食障碍、肥胖症、神经性厌食症、神经性贪食症、暴食症、糖尿病、局部缺血病、疼痛、物质滥用病症、化学物质依赖性、尼古丁成瘾、可卡因成瘾、苯丙胺成瘾、酒精成瘾、Lesch-Nyhan综合征、神经退行性疾病、帕金森病、晚期黄体期综合征或昏睡病、精神症状、愤怒、排斥敏感性、运动障碍、锥体束外综合征、Tic病症、下肢不宁综合征(RLS)、迟发性运动障碍、核上性麻痹、睡眠相关进食障碍(SRED)、夜间进食综合征(NES)、应激尿失禁(SUI)、偏头痛、神经性疼痛、糖尿病性神经病变、下腰痛、纤维肌痛综合征(FS)、骨关节炎、关节炎、慢性疲劳综合征(CFS)、性功能障碍、射精过早、男性性无能、温度调节性病症(例如,与更年期有关的热潮红)和肠道应激综合征(IBS)。
12.根据权利要求10的方法,其还包括:
施用治疗有效量的血清素1A受体拮抗剂或其可药用盐。
13.根据权利要求12的方法,其中所述血清素1A受体拮抗剂选自WAY 100135和螺哌酮。
14.根据权利要求10的方法,其还包括:
施用治疗有效量的选择性神经激肽-1受体拮抗剂或其可药用盐。
15.根据权利要求10的方法,其还包括:
施用治疗有效量的去甲肾上腺素前体或其可药用盐。
16.根据权利要求15的方法,其中所述去甲肾上腺素前体选自L-酪氨酸和L-苯基丙氨酸。
17.一种在患者中抑制突触去甲肾上腺素摄取的方法,其包括:给所述患者施用治疗有效抑制量的根据权利要求1的晶型或其可药用盐。
18.一种在患者中抑制突触血清素摄取的方法,其包括:给所述患者施用治疗有效抑制量的根据权利要求1的晶型或其可药用盐。
19.一种在患者中抑制突触多巴胺摄取的方法,其包括:给所述患者施用治疗有效抑制量的根据权利要求1的晶型或其可药用盐。
20.一种抑制人们吸烟的要求的方法,其包括:给需要这种抑制作用的人施用降低吸烟要求的有效剂量的根据权利要求1的晶型或其可药用盐。
21.一种抑制人们消费酒精的要求的方法,其包括:给需要这种抑制作用的人施用降低消费酒精要求的有效剂量的根据权利要求1的晶型或其可药用盐。
28.权利要求27的晶型,其中所述晶型N-2的纯度为至少98wt%。
29.权利要求27的晶型,其中所述晶型N-2的纯度为至少99wt%。
30.一种药物组合物,其包含可药用载体和治疗有效量的根据权利要求22的晶型。
31.一种治疗由去甲肾上腺素、多巴胺或血清素的有效性降低引起的或依赖于去甲肾上腺素、多巴胺或血清素的有效性降低的病症的方法,所述方法包括:向需要这种治疗的患者施用治疗有效量的根据权利要求22的晶型或其可药用盐。
32.权利要求31的方法,其中所述病症选自:注意力缺陷过动症(ADHD)、认知损害、焦虑症、广泛性焦虑症(GAD)、惊恐症、双相型障碍或躁狂抑郁或躁狂-抑郁症、强迫症(OCD)、创伤后应激病症(PTSD)、急性应激病症、社交恐怖、单纯型恐怖症、经前焦虑症(PMDD)、社交焦虑症(SAD)、重度抑郁症(MDD)、产后抑郁、心境恶劣、伴随阿尔茨海默病的抑郁、帕金森病或精神病、核上性麻痹、进食障碍、肥胖症、神经性厌食症、神经性贪食症、暴食症、糖尿病、局部缺血病、疼痛、物质滥用病症、化学物质依赖性、尼古丁成瘾、可卡因成瘾、苯丙胺成瘾、酒精成瘾、Lesch-Nyhan综合征、神经退行性疾病、帕金森病、晚期黄体期综合征或昏睡病、精神症状、愤怒、排斥敏感性、运动障碍、锥体束外综合征、Tic病症、下肢不宁综合征(RLS)、迟发性运动障碍、核上性麻痹、睡眠相关进食障碍(SRED)、夜间进食综合征(NES)、应激尿失禁(SUI)、偏头痛、神经性疼痛、糖尿病性神经病变、下腰痛、纤维肌痛综合征(FS)、骨关节炎、关节炎、慢性疲劳综合征(CFS)、性功能障碍、射精过早、男性性无能、温度调节性病症(例如,与更年期有关的热潮红)和肠道应激综合征(IBS)。
33.根据权利要求31的方法,其还包括:
施用治疗有效量的血清素1A受体拮抗剂或其可药用盐。
34.权利要求33的方法,其中所述血清素1A受体拮抗剂选自WAY100135和螺哌酮。
35.权利要求31的方法,其还包括:
施用治疗有效量的选择性神经激肽-1受体拮抗剂或其可药用盐。
36.权利要求31的方法,其还包括:
施用治疗有效量的去甲肾上腺素前体或其可药用盐。
37.根据权利要求36的方法,其中所述去甲肾上腺素前体选自L-酪氨酸和L-苯基丙氨酸。
38.一种在患者中抑制突触去甲肾上腺素摄取的方法,其包括:给所述患者施用治疗有效抑制量的根据权利要求22的晶型或其可药用盐。
39.一种在患者中抑制突触血清素摄取的方法,其包括:给所述患者施用治疗有效抑制量的根据权利要求22的晶型或其可药用盐。
40.一种在患者中抑制突触多巴胺摄取的方法,其包括:给所述患者施用治疗有效抑制量的根据权利要求22的晶型或其可药用盐。
41.一种抑制人们吸烟的要求的方法,其包括:给需要这种抑制作用的人施用降低吸烟要求的有效剂量的根据权利要求22的晶型或其可药用盐。
42.一种抑制人们消费酒精的要求的方法,其包括:给需要这种抑制作用的人施用降低消费酒精要求的有效剂量的根据权利要求22的晶型或其可药用盐。
44.根据权利要求43的方法,其中所述酸选自硫酸、甲磺酸、磷酸和L-酒石酸。
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EP (1) | EP2429293B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP5739415B2 (zh) |
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CN (1) | CN102638982B (zh) |
AU (1) | AU2010247735B2 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2528404T3 (zh) |
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KR101830447B1 (ko) * | 2009-05-12 | 2018-02-20 | 알바니 몰레큘라 리써치, 인크. | 7-([1,2,4]트리아졸로[1,5-α]피리딘-6-일)-4-(3,4-디클로로페닐)-1,2,3,4-테트라하이드로이소퀴놀린 및 이의 용도 |
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WO2010132487A1 (en) | 2010-11-18 |
EP2429293B1 (en) | 2014-10-29 |
AU2010247735B2 (en) | 2015-07-16 |
EP2429293A1 (en) | 2012-03-21 |
MX2011011900A (es) | 2012-01-20 |
JP5739415B2 (ja) | 2015-06-24 |
EP2429293A4 (en) | 2013-01-23 |
JP2012526827A (ja) | 2012-11-01 |
CN102638982B (zh) | 2015-07-08 |
US9173879B2 (en) | 2015-11-03 |
AU2010247735A1 (en) | 2011-12-01 |
US20140364441A1 (en) | 2014-12-11 |
US8815894B2 (en) | 2014-08-26 |
KR20120023072A (ko) | 2012-03-12 |
US20100292250A1 (en) | 2010-11-18 |
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