CN102089318A - Hiv抑制剂化合物的盐 - Google Patents
Hiv抑制剂化合物的盐 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102089318A CN102089318A CN200980126248XA CN200980126248A CN102089318A CN 102089318 A CN102089318 A CN 102089318A CN 200980126248X A CN200980126248X A CN 200980126248XA CN 200980126248 A CN200980126248 A CN 200980126248A CN 102089318 A CN102089318 A CN 102089318A
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- Prior art keywords
- salt
- hydrate
- pharmaceutical composition
- fluoro
- purine
- Prior art date
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Abstract
本发明涉及抗病毒化合物的盐、包含这种盐的组合物和包括给予这种盐的治疗方法以及用于制备这种盐的方法和中间体。
Description
技术领域
本发明一般涉及具有抗病毒活性的化合物的盐,且更具体地说,本发明涉及具有抗-HIV特性的化合物的盐。
背景技术
人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)是可以导致获得性免疫缺陷综合征(AIDS)的逆转录病毒,获得性免疫缺陷综合征(AIDS)是这样一种疾病,其中免疫系统衰弱,导致威胁生命的机会性致病菌感染。HIV抑制剂用于治疗哺乳动物HIV感染(例如减少和限制HIV感染建立和发展)和HIV诊断试验。目前销售的HIV抑制剂的有用性在某种程度上受到毒性和其他副作用的限制。因此,对新的HIV治疗剂存在需求。
治疗剂的药物制剂必须可再现和始终如一地将治疗剂递送至有此需要的患者。这种递送的一致性至少部分可以通过将稳定、可溶性、固态形式的治疗剂掺入药物组合物得以实现。此外,治疗剂的期望的固态形式的合成在技术和经济方面应是切实可行的,并且应适合于全规模的经济生产。
发明概述
N-[(S)({[(2R,5R)-5-(6-氨基-9H-嘌呤-9-基)-4-氟-2,5-二氢呋喃-2-基]氧基}甲基)苯氧基膦酰基]-L-丙氨酸乙酯是阻断HIV病毒在体内和体外复制并且在对人体给药时具有有限的不期望的副作用的逆录酶抑制剂。N-[(S)({[(2R,5R)-5-(6-氨基-9H-嘌呤-9-基)-4-氟-2,5-二氢呋喃-2-基]氧基}甲基)苯氧基膦酰基]-L-丙氨酸乙酯的结构如式P所示:
N-[(S)({[(2R,5R)-5-(6-氨基-9H-嘌呤-9-基)-4-氟-2,5-二氢呋喃-2-基]氧基}甲基)苯氧基膦酰基]-L-丙氨酸乙酯是低熔点、无定形固体,其难以分离、纯化、贮存延长期限和配制成药物组合物。N-[(S)({[(2R,5R)-5-(6-氨基-9H-嘌呤-9-基)-4-氟-2,5-二氢呋喃-2-基]氧基}甲基)苯氧基膦酰基]-L-丙氨酸乙酯还是能够与酸成盐的弱碱。因此,本发明在一个方面中提供了N-[(S)({[(2R,5R)-5-(6-氨基-9H-嘌呤-9-基)-4-氟-2,5-二氢呋喃-2-基]氧基}甲基)苯氧基膦酰基]-L-丙氨酸乙酯的适合的盐,其在物理上比该化合物的游离碱形式更具稳定性并且更易于分离和配制。
本发明的盐用于例如治疗感染导致AIDS的人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV-1或HIV-2株)的人类患者。本发明的盐还用于例如制备治疗HIV或HIV相关疾病的药物。本发明的盐还用于例如抑制HIV病毒的体外复制并且由此可以作为对照化合物用于生物学试验,以便鉴定其他逆录酶抑制剂或用于研究HIV逆录酶作用及其抑制机制。
因此,本发明在一个方面中提供了N-[(S)({[(2R,5R)-5-(6-氨基-9H-嘌呤-9-基)-4-氟-2,5-二氢呋喃-2-基]氧基}甲基)苯氧基膦酰基]-L-丙氨酸乙酯的柠檬酸盐、琥珀酸盐和丙二酸盐和上述盐的制备方法。在一些实施方案中,本发明的盐是无水的,而在其他实施方案中,本发明的盐是至少部分水化的。在一些实施方案中,本发明的盐作为晶体形式存在。
因此,本发明包含式P化合物的柠檬酸盐、琥珀酸盐和丙二酸盐及其水合物。本发明的水合物可以是部分(例如半水合物)或完全水化的状态(例如一水合物)。本发明还包含无水或基本上无水状态的盐主题。类似地,本发明的盐及其水合物包含无定形和晶体态以及包含无定形和晶体特征的状态。本文所用的“晶体”意指具有有序的大范围分子结构的物质。相反,“无定形”物质不具有大范围次序。应理解晶体物质在热力学方面一般比相同物质的无定形物更稳定。因此,除仅少数值得注意外,一般在药物应用中优选使用晶体物质。例如,可以从DSC和XRPD吸收带(峰)的锐度观察到本发明化合物的结晶度的测量值。峰越尖锐,则结晶度越高。相反,峰越宽,则结晶度越低。
在具体的实施方案中,更具体地如本文实施例12所述,N-[(S)({[(2R,5R)-5-(6-氨基-9H-嘌呤-9-基)-4-氟-2,5-二氢呋喃-2-基]氧基}甲基)苯氧基膦酰基]-L-丙氨酸乙酯的柠檬酸盐的特征在于获自X-射线粉末衍射图的吸收带的光谱晶面间距(d-spacing)为4.48、3.12和6.05埃;N-[(S)({[(2R,5R)-5-(6-氨基-9H-嘌呤-9-基)-4-氟-2,5-二氢呋喃-2-基]氧基}甲基)苯氧基膦酰基]-L-丙氨酸乙酯的琥珀酸盐的特征在于获自X-射线粉末衍射图的吸收带的光谱晶面间距为3.57、4.80和4.99埃;且N-[(S)({[(2R,5R)-5-(6-氨基-9H-嘌呤-9-基)-4-氟-2,5-二氢呋喃-2-基]氧基}甲基)苯氧基膦酰基]-L-丙氨酸乙酯的丙二酸盐的特征在于获自X-射线粉末衍射图的吸收带的光谱晶面间距为4.99、5.93和4.72埃。在另一个具体的实施方案中,本发明提供了N-[(S)({[(2R,5R)-5-(6-氨基-9H-嘌呤-9-基)-4-氟-2,5-二氢呋喃-2-基]氧基}甲基)苯氧基膦酰基]-L-丙氨酸乙酯的柠檬酸盐,其具有142℃-150℃的熔点。
N-[(S)({[(2R,5R)-5-(6-氨基-9H-嘌呤-9-基)-4-氟-2,5-二氢呋喃-2-基]氧基}甲基)苯氧基膦酰基]-L-丙氨酸乙酯是酰胺化物前体药物,其在质子溶剂中进行反应并且分解。反应速率依赖于pH和温度。因此,酰胺化物前体药物与柠檬酸、琥珀酸和/或丙二酸形成稳定的盐(各自包含能够与前体药物反应(例如与前体药物酰胺化物结构部分反应)的亲核结构部分)具有令人惊奇和出人意料的结果。
本发明在另一个方面中提供了药物组合物,其各自包括治疗有效量的本发明的盐和药学可接受的载体或赋形剂。本发明的药物组合物还可以包括另一种治疗剂,例如抗病毒药、抗菌药、抗真菌药或抗癌药。本发明的药物组合物可以是单位剂型形式,例如片剂或胶囊。单位剂型形式典型地对有此需要的人类提供有效每日剂量的本发明的盐。本发明盐的有效每日剂量典型地为1mg-100mg,例如10mg-30mg。
本发明在另一个方面中提供了本发明的柠檬酸盐、琥珀酸盐和丙二酸盐的制备方法。因此,例如,本发明提供了N-[(S)({[(2R,5R)-5-(6-氨基-9H-嘌呤-9-基)-4-氟-2,5-二氢呋喃-2-基]氧基}甲基)苯氧基膦酰基]-L-丙氨酸乙酯的柠檬酸盐的制备方法,其中该方法包括如下步骤:使约1当量的N-[(S)({[(2R,5R)-5-(6-氨基-9H-嘌呤-9-基)-4-氟-2,5-二氢呋喃-2-基]氧基}甲基)苯氧基膦酰基]-L-丙氨酸乙酯游离碱在适合溶剂(例如乙腈)中与约1当量-约1.2当量的柠檬酸在约55℃-约75℃温度下接触。
本发明还提供了N-[(S)({[(2R,5R)-5-(6-氨基-9H-嘌呤-9-基)-4-氟-2,5-二氢呋喃-2-基]氧基}甲基)苯氧基膦酰基]-L-丙氨酸乙酯的琥珀酸盐的制备方法,其中该方法包括如下步骤:使约1当量的N-[(S)({[(2R,5R)-5-(6-氨基-9H-嘌呤-9-基)-4-氟-2,5-二氢呋喃-2-基]氧基}甲基)苯氧基膦酰基]-L-丙氨酸乙酯游离碱在适合溶剂(例如2-丁酮)中与约1当量-约1.2当量的琥珀酸在约60℃-约70℃温度下接触,形成N-[(S)({[(2R,5R)-5-(6-氨基-9H-嘌呤-9-基)-4-氟-2,5-二氢呋喃-2-基]氧基}甲基)苯氧基膦酰基]-L-丙氨酸乙酯的琥珀酸盐。
本发明还提供了N-[(S)({[(2R,5R)-5-(6-氨基-9H-嘌呤-9-基)-4-氟-2,5-二氢呋喃-2-基]氧基}甲基)苯氧基膦酰基]-L-丙氨酸乙酯的丙二酸盐的制备方法,其中该方法包括如下步骤:使约1当量的N-[(S)({[(2R,5R)-5-(6-氨基-9H-嘌呤-9-基)-4-氟-2,5-二氢呋喃-2-基]氧基}甲基)苯氧基膦酰基]-L-丙氨酸乙酯游离碱在适合溶剂(例如2-丁酮)中与约1当量-约1.2当量的丙二酸在约50℃-约70℃温度下接触,形成N-[(S)({[(2R,5R)-5-(6-氨基-9H-嘌呤-9-基)-4-氟-2,5-二氢呋喃-2-基]氧基}甲基)苯氧基膦酰基]-L-丙氨酸乙酯的丙二酸盐。
本发明在另一个方面中提供了治疗或预防AIDS的方法,其中该方法包括对患有AIDS的人给予治疗有效量的本发明的盐或其水合物的步骤。
附图简述
图1显示N-[(S)({[(2R,5R)-5-(6-氨基-9H-嘌呤-9-基)-4-氟-2,5-二氢呋喃-2-基]氧基}甲基)苯氧基膦酰基]-L-丙氨酸乙酯的丙二酸盐的特征性差示扫描量热法(DSC)痕迹(trace)。
图2显示N-[(S)({[(2R,5R)-5-(6-氨基-9H-嘌呤-9-基)-4-氟-2,5-二氢呋喃-2-基]氧基}甲基)苯氧基膦酰基]-L-丙氨酸乙酯的琥珀酸盐的特征性DSC痕迹。
图3显示N-[(S)({[(2R,5R)-5-(6-氨基-9H-嘌呤-9-基)-4-氟-2,5-二氢呋喃-2-基]氧基}甲基)苯氧基膦酰基]-L-丙氨酸乙酯的柠檬酸盐的特征性DSC痕迹。
图4显示N-[(S)({[(2R,5R)-5-(6-氨基-9H-嘌呤-9-基)-4-氟-2,5-二氢呋喃-2-基]氧基}甲基)苯氧基膦酰基]-L-丙氨酸乙酯的丙二酸盐的特征性X-射线粉末衍射(XRPD)图。
图5显示N-[(S)({[(2R,5R)-5-(6-氨基-9H-嘌呤-9-基)-4-氟-2,5-二氢呋喃-2-基]氧基}甲基)苯氧基膦酰基]-L-丙氨酸乙酯的琥珀酸盐的特征性XRPD图。
图6显示N-[(S)({[(2R,5R)-5-(6-氨基-9H-嘌呤-9-基)-4-氟-2,5-二氢呋喃-2-基]氧基}甲基)苯氧基膦酰基]-L-丙氨酸乙酯的柠檬酸盐的特征性XRPD图。
典型实施方案的详细描述
当本文使用商品名时,申请人意指独立地包括商品名的产品和该商品名产品的活性药物成分。
N-[(S)({[(2R,5R)-5-(6-氨基-9H-嘌呤-9-基)-4-氟-2,5-二氢呋喃-2-基]氧基}甲基)苯氧基膦酰基]-L-丙氨酸乙酯的盐
本发明在一个方面中提供了N-[(S)({[(2R,5R)-5-(6-氨基-9H-嘌呤-9-基)-4-氟-2,5-二氢呋喃-2-基]氧基}甲基)苯氧基膦酰基]-L-丙氨酸乙酯的柠檬酸盐、琥珀酸盐和丙二酸盐。
柠檬酸盐如式I所示:
琥珀酸盐如式II所示:
丙二酸盐如式III所示:
N-[(S)({[(2R,5R)-5-(6-氨基-9H-嘌呤-9-基)-4-氟-2,5-二氢呋喃-2-基]氧基}甲基)苯氧基膦酰基]-L-丙氨酸乙酯的合成方法如本文实施例1所述。N-[(S)({[(2R,5R)-5-(6-氨基-9H-嘌呤-9-基)-4-氟-2,5-二氢呋喃-2-基]氧基}甲基)苯氧基膦酰基]-L-丙氨酸乙酯的丙二酸盐、琥珀酸盐和柠檬酸盐的制备方法分别如本文实施例3、4和5所述。上述盐的一些物理特性如本文实施例6所述并且显示,例如这些盐各自在贮存在40℃和75%相对湿度下时在物理学上保持稳定。
N-[(S)({[(2R,5R)-5-(6-氨基-9H-嘌呤-9-基)-4-氟-2,5-二氢呋喃-2-基]氧基}甲基)苯氧基膦酰基]-L-丙氨酸乙酯的柠檬酸盐、琥珀酸盐和丙二酸盐用于例如抑制HIV体外和体内复制。在这方面,如本文实施例8更完整解释的,N-[(S)({[(2R,5R)-5-(6-氨基-9H-嘌呤-9-基)-4-氟-2,5-二氢呋喃-2-基]氧基}甲基)苯氧基膦酰基]-L-丙氨酸乙酯是在人体内代谢成母体化合物的前体药物,由此在体内磷酸化,产生抑制HIV复制的活性代谢物。本文实施例8显示N-[(S)({[(2R,5R)-5-(6-氨基-9H-嘌呤-9-基)-4-氟-2,5-二氢呋喃-2-基]氧基}甲基)苯氧基膦酰基]-L-丙氨酸乙酯导致活性代谢物在白细胞中的蓄积多于母体化合物,而白细胞是阻止HIV病毒的细胞。此外,本文实施例9提供了体外数据,其显示N-[(S)({[(2R,5R)-5-(6-氨基-9H-嘌呤-9-基)-4-氟-2,5-二氢呋喃-2-基]氧基}甲基)苯氧基膦酰基]-L-丙氨酸乙酯是比母体化合物更有效的抗-HIV药,正如在体外试验中评价的。另外,本文实施例10提供了数据,其显示包含N-[(S)({[(2R,5R)-5-(6-氨基-9H-嘌呤-9-基)-4-氟-2,5-二氢呋喃-2-基]氧基}甲基)苯氧基膦酰基]-L-丙氨酸乙酯的柠檬酸盐的片剂将这种药物以与口服给药的药物的液体制剂类似的药代动力学特性提供至比哥犬(Beagle dog)血流。因此,N-[(S)({[(2R,5R)-5-(6-氨基-9H-嘌呤-9-基)-4-氟-2,5-二氢呋喃-2-基]氧基}甲基)苯氧基膦酰基]-L-丙氨酸乙酯的柠檬酸盐是物理和化学稳定的物质组份,可以将其口服给予活体受试者,以提供治疗有效量的N-[(S)({[(2R,5R)-5-(6-氨基-9H-嘌呤-9-基)-4-氟-2,5-二氢呋喃-2-基]氧基}甲基)苯氧基膦酰基]-L-丙氨酸乙酯,它是比母体化合物更有效的抗-HIV药。
药物组合物
本发明在另一个方面提供了药物组合物,也称作药物制剂,其包含治疗有效量的一种或多种本发明的盐和药学可接受的载体或赋形剂。
尽管能够单独给予本发明的盐,但是典型地优选将它们作为药物组合物给予。用根据常规实践选择的常用载体和赋形剂配制本发明的药物组合物。载体必须是“可接受的”,其含义是与制剂的其他成分相容并且在生理上对其接受者无害。片剂包含这种成分作为赋形剂、助流剂、填充剂、粘合剂等。将含水制剂制备成无菌形式,并且当指定通过非口服给药的方式递送时,它们一般是等渗的。所有制剂任选包含赋形剂,例如在Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients(R.C.Rowe等人,Pharmaceutical Press,第5版,2006)中举出的那些。赋形剂包括抗坏血酸和其他抗氧化剂;螯合剂,例如EDTA;碳水化合物,例如糊精、羟基烷基纤维素、羟基烷基甲基纤维素、硬脂酸等。制剂的pH为约3-约11,但一般为约7-10。
可以便利地将制剂制成单位剂型(例如片剂)并且可以通过制药领域众所周知的任意方法制备。技术和制剂一般在Remington′sPharmaceutical Sciences(Mack Publishing Co.,Easton,PA)中找到。这种方法包括将活性成分与构成一种或多种辅助成分的载体组合的步骤。一般而言,通过均匀和紧密地使活性成分与液体载体或细粉固体载体或它们两者组合、然后(如果必要)使产物成形制备制剂。
包含活性成分的药物制剂可以是适合于指定给药方法的任意形式。例如,当用于口服应用时,可以制备片剂、糖锭、锭剂、水或油混悬液、可分散的粉末或颗粒、乳剂、硬或软胶囊、糖浆剂或酏剂。可以根据用于制备药物组合物领域公知的任意方法制备指定用于口服应用的组合物,且这种组合物可以包含一种或多种试剂,包括甜味剂、矫味剂、着色剂和防腐剂,以提供适口的制剂。包含活性成分与适用于制备片剂的无毒性药学可接受赋形剂的混合物的片剂是可接受的。这些赋形剂可以是,例如惰性稀释剂,例如碳酸钙或碳酸钠、乳糖、一水合乳糖、交联羧甲纤维素钠、聚维酮、磷酸钙或磷酸钠;制粒剂和崩解剂,例如玉米淀粉或藻酸;粘合剂,例如纤维素、微晶纤维素、淀粉、明胶或阿拉伯胶;和润滑剂,例如硬脂酸镁、硬脂酸或滑石粉。可以不给片剂包衣或通过公知技术给片剂包衣(包括微囊化)以延缓在胃肠道中崩解和吸收,由此提供在较长期限内的持续作用。例如,可以使用延时材料,例如单独的单硬脂酸甘油酯或二硬脂酸甘油酯或其与蜡的混合物。
还可以将用于口服应用的制剂制成硬胶囊,其中将活性成分与惰性固态稀释剂混合,例如磷酸钙或高岭土;或制成软胶囊,其中将活性成分与水或油性介质混合,例如花生油、液体石蜡或橄榄油。
本发明盐的含水混悬液包含活性物质与适合于制备含水混悬液的赋形剂的混合物。这种赋形剂可以包括悬浮剂,例如羧甲基纤维素钠、甲基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素、藻酸钠、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、黄蓍树胶和阿拉伯树胶;和崩解剂或湿润剂,例如天然存在的磷脂(例如卵磷脂)、烯烃氧化物与脂肪酸的缩合产物(例如聚氧乙烯硬脂酸酯)、环氧乙烷与长链脂族醇(例如十七乙烯氧基鲸蜡醇)的缩合产物、环氧乙烷与衍生自脂肪酸和己糖醇酐的偏酯的缩合产物(例如聚氧乙烯脱水山梨糖醇单油酸酯)。含水混悬液还可以包含一种或多种防腐剂,例如对羟基苯甲酸乙酯或对羟基苯甲酸正丙酯;一种或多种着色剂;一种或多种矫味剂;和一种或多种甜味剂,例如蔗糖或糖精。
可以通过将活性成分悬浮于植物油(例如花生油、橄榄油、芝麻油或椰子油)或矿物油(例如液体石蜡)配制油性混悬剂。口服混悬剂可以包含增稠剂,例如蜂蜡、硬石蜡或鲸蜡醇。可以加入甜味剂例如上述举出的那些和矫味剂以提供适口的口服制剂。可以通过添加抗氧化剂例如抗坏血酸对这些组合物防腐。
适合于通过添加水制备含水混悬剂的本发明可分散粉末和颗粒提供了活性成分与分散剂或湿润剂、助悬剂和一种或多种防腐剂的混合物。适合的分散剂或湿润剂和助悬剂以如上述公开的那些为典型。还可以存在其他赋形剂,例如甜味剂、矫味剂和着色剂。
本发明的药物组合物还可以是水包油型乳剂的形式。油相可以是植物油,例如橄榄油或花生油;矿物油,例如液体石蜡;或它们的混合物。适合的乳化剂包括天然存在的树胶,例如阿拉伯树胶和黄蓍树胶;天然存在的磷脂,例如大豆卵磷脂;衍生自脂肪酸和己糖醇酐的酯类或偏酯类,例如失水山梨糖醇单油酸酯;和这些偏酯类与环氧乙烷的缩合产物,例如聚氧乙烯脱水山梨糖醇单油酸酯。乳剂还可以包含甜味剂和矫味剂。可以用甜味剂例如甘油、山梨糖醇或蔗糖配制糖浆剂和酏剂。这种制剂还可以包含软化剂、防腐剂、矫味剂或着色剂。
本发明的药物组合物可以是无菌可注射制剂形式,例如无菌可注射水或油性混悬剂。可以根据公知技术、使用如上述举出的那些适合的分散剂或湿润剂和助悬剂配制这种混悬剂。无菌可注射制剂还可以是在无毒性胃肠外可接受稀释剂或溶剂中的无菌可注射溶液或悬浮液,例如在1,3-丁二醇中的溶液或制备成冻干粉末。在可接受的可以使用的媒介物和溶剂中有水、林格液和等渗氯化钠溶液。此外,无菌固定油可以便利地用作溶剂或混悬介质。为了这一目的,可以使用任意温和的固定油,包括合成单酸甘油酯或甘油二酯类。此外,脂肪酸(例如油酸)同样可以用于制备可注射制剂。
可以与载体物质组合产生单一剂型的活性成分的量会根据例如具体给药方式的不同而改变。例如,指定用于对人体口服给药的延时释放制剂可以包含约1-1000mg活性物质并且含有适合和便利用量的载体物质,其可以在约5-约95%总组成(重量:重量)之间改变。
适合于对眼给药的制剂包括滴眼液,其中将活性成分溶于或悬浮于适合的载体,尤其是用于活性成分的含水溶剂。
适合于在口腔中局部给药的制剂包括包含在矫味基质中的活性成分的锭剂,所述的矫味基质例如蔗糖和阿拉伯胶或黄蓍胶;包含在惰性基质中的活性成分的软锭剂,所述的惰性基质例如明胶和甘油或蔗糖和阿拉伯胶;和包含在适合液体载体中的活性成分的漱口剂。
可以使用适合基质将适合于直肠给药的制剂制成栓剂,其包含例如可可脂或水杨酸酯。
适合于肺内或鼻部给药的制剂具有例如0.1-500微米粒度(包括0.1-500微米粒度,以例如0.5、1、30微米、35微米等递增),可以通过快速吸入经鼻道或通过经口腔吸入给药以达到肺泡囊。适合的制剂包括活性成分的水或油性溶液。可以根据常规方法制备适合于气雾剂或干粉给药的制剂并且可以与其他治疗剂一起递送,例如迄今为止用于治疗或预防与HIV活动相关的疾病的化合物。
可以将适合于阴道给药的制剂制成阴道环、棉塞、霜剂、凝胶、糊剂、泡沫或喷雾剂,其除活性成分外还包含如本技术领域公知适合的这样的载体。
适合于胃肠外给药的制剂包括:水和非水注射溶液,其可以包含抗氧化剂、缓冲剂、制菌剂和溶质,它们使得该制剂与指定接受者的血液等渗;和水和非水无菌混悬剂,其可以包括助悬剂和增稠剂。
将制剂提供在单位剂量或多剂量容器内,例如密封安瓿和小瓶,并且可以贮存在冷冻干燥(冻干)条件下,仅需要在使用前即刻添加无菌液体载体(例如注射用水)。由上述类型的无菌粉末、颗粒和片剂制备临时注射溶液和混悬剂。优选的单位剂量制剂是包含活性成分每日剂量或单位每日亚剂量或其适当部分的这样的制剂。因此,例如可以将本发明盐的每日剂量作为单片或多片提供(例如2或3片)。
应理解除上述特别举出的成分外,本发明的制剂还可以包括本领域在有关所述制剂类型方面常用的其他试剂,例如适合于口服给药的那些制剂可以包括矫味剂。
也属于本发明范围的药物制剂提供了活性成分的控释以允许频度较低的给药或改善活性成分的药代动力学或毒性特性。因此,本发明还提供了为缓释或控释配制的包含一种或多种本发明盐的药物组合物。
本发明盐的有效剂量例如依赖于该盐是否以预防方式使用(典型地比相同盐的治疗应用需要更低的剂量)、递送方法和药物制剂,并且可以由临床医师使用常规剂量递增研究确定。可以预期有效剂量在约0.0001mg/kg体重/天-约100mg/kg体重/天。典型地,为约0.01-约10mg/kg体重/天。更典型地,为约.01-约5mg/kg体重/天。更典型地,为约.05-约0.5mg/kg体重/天。例如,约70kg体重的成年人每日剂量典型地在1mg-1000mg,优选5mg-500mg,且可以采用单或多剂量形式。作为实例,在每日一次给予的单位剂量制剂中本发明盐的剂量可以在1mg-100mg,例如30mg-60mg,例如30mg每日剂量或60mg每日剂量。
联合疗法
N-[(S)({[(2R,5R)-5-(6-氨基-9H-嘌呤-9-基)-4-氟-2,5-二氢呋喃-2-基]氧基}甲基)苯氧基膦酰基]-L-丙氨酸乙酯的柠檬酸盐、琥珀酸盐和丙二酸盐各自可以与其他治疗剂联用,所述其他治疗剂用于治疗或预防AIDS和/或一种或多种其他存在于患有AIDS的人类受试者中的疾病(例如细菌和/或真菌感染、其他病毒感染,例如乙型肝炎或丙型肝炎或癌症例如卡波西肉瘤)。可以将其他治疗剂与一种或多种本发明的盐一起配制(例如共同配制成片剂)。
这种其他治疗剂的实例包括有效治疗或预防病毒、寄生虫或细菌感染或相关疾病或治疗肿瘤或相关疾病的活性剂包括:3′-叠氮基-3′-脱氧胸苷(齐多夫定,AZT)、2′-脱氧-3′-硫代胞苷(3TC)、2′,3′-双脱氧-2′,3′-双脱氢腺苷(D4A)、2′,3′-双脱氧-2′,3′-双脱氢胸苷(D4T)、卡波韦(碳环2′,3′-双脱氧-2′,3′-双脱氢鸟苷)、3′-叠氮基-2′,3′-双脱氧尿苷、5-氟胸苷、(E)-5-(2-溴乙烯基)-2′-脱氧尿苷(BVDU)、2-氯脱氧腺苷、2-脱氧助间型霉素、5-氟尿嘧啶、5-氟尿苷、5-氟-2′-脱氧尿苷、5-三氟甲基-2′-脱氧尿苷、6-阿扎尿苷、5-氟乳清酸、甲氨蝶呤、三乙酰基尿苷、1-(2′-脱氧-2′-氟-1-(β-阿拉伯糖基)-5-碘胞苷(FIAC)、四氢-咪唑并(4,5,1-jk)-(1,4)-苯二氮杂-2(1H)-硫酮(TIBO)、2′-去甲-环GMP、6-甲氧基嘌呤阿拉伯糖苷(ara-M)、6-甲氧基嘌呤阿拉伯糖苷2′-O-戊酸酯;阿糖胞苷(ara-C)、2′,3′-双脱氧核苷类,例如2′,3′-双脱氧胞苷(ddC)、2′,3′-双脱氧腺苷(ddA)和2′,3′-双脱氧肌苷(ddI);无环核苷类,例如阿昔洛韦、喷昔洛韦、泛昔洛韦、更昔洛韦、HPMPC、PMEA、PMEG、PMPA、PMPDAP、FPMPA、HPMPA、HPMPDAP、(2R,5R)-9->四氢-5-(膦酰基甲氧基)-2-呋喃基腺嘌呤、(2R,5R)-1->四氢-5-(膦酰基甲氧基)-2-呋喃基胸腺嘧啶;其他抗病毒药,包括利巴韦林(阿糖腺苷)、2-硫代-6-阿扎尿苷、杀结核菌素、金精三羧酸、3-去氮杂瓶菌素(3-deazaneoplanocin)、瓶菌素(neoplanocin)、金刚乙胺(rimantidine)、金刚烷(adamantine)和膦甲酸(磷酸三钠甲酸盐);抗菌剂,包括杀菌剂氟喹诺酮类(环丙沙星、培氟沙星等);氨基糖苷杀菌性抗生素(链霉素、庆大霉素、amicacin等);β-内酰胺酶抑制剂(头孢菌素类、青霉素类等);其他抗菌剂,包括四环素、异烟肼、利福平、头孢哌酮、克拉霉素和阿奇霉素;杀寄生虫药或抗真菌药,包括喷他脒(1,5-双(4′-氨基苯氧基)戊烷)、9-去氮杂-肌苷、磺胺甲唑、磺胺嘧啶、喹匹拉明、奎宁、氟康唑、酮康唑、伊曲康唑、两性霉素B、5-氟胞嘧啶、克霉唑、十六烷胆碱磷酸和制霉菌素;肾脏排泄抑制剂,例如丙磺舒;核苷转运抑制剂,例如双嘧达莫、地拉卓和硝基苄基硫代肌苷;免疫调制剂,例如FK506、环孢菌素A、胸腺素α-1;细胞因子,包括TNF和TGF-β;干扰素,包括IFN-α、IFN-β和IFN-γ;白细胞介素,包括各种白细胞介素、巨噬细胞/粒细胞集落刺激因子,包括GM-CSF、G-CSF、M-CSF;细胞因子拮抗剂,包括抗-TNF抗生素、抗白细胞介素抗体、可溶性白细胞介素受体、蛋白激酶C抑制剂等。
可以与本发明的盐联用并且对HIV具有活性的适合活性治疗剂或成分的实例包括:1)HIV蛋白酶抑制剂,例如氨普那韦、阿扎那韦、呋山那韦、茚地那韦、洛匹那韦、利托那韦、洛匹那韦+利托那韦、奈非那韦、沙奎那韦、替拉那韦、布瑞那韦、达芦那韦、TMC-126、TMC-114、莫折那韦(mozenavir)(DMP-450)、JE-2147(AG1776)、AG1859、DG35、L-756423、RO0334649、KNI-272、DPC-681、DPC-684和GW640385X、DG17、PPL-100;2)逆录酶的HIV非核苷抑制剂,例如卡普韦林、乙米韦林、地位韦啶、依法韦伦、奈韦拉平、(+)胡桐素A、依曲韦林、GW5634、DPC-083、DPC-961、DPC-963、MIV-150和TMC-120、TMC-278(利匹韦林)、依法韦伦、BILR 355BS、VRX 840773、UK-453,061、RDEA806;3)逆录酶的HIV核苷抑制剂,例如齐多夫定、恩曲他滨、去羟肌苷、司他夫定、扎西他滨、拉米夫定、阿巴卡韦、氨多索韦、艾夫西他滨、阿洛夫定、MIV-210、racivir(-FTC)、D-d4FC、恩曲他滨、phosphazide、福齐夫定替酯、磷夫定酯(fosalvudine tidoxil)、apricitibine(AVX754)、氨多索韦、KP-1461、阿巴卡韦+拉米夫定、阿巴卡韦+拉米夫定+齐多夫定、齐多夫定+拉米夫定;4)逆录酶的HIV核苷酸抑制剂,例如替诺福韦、富马酸替诺福韦酯+恩曲他滨、富马酸替诺福韦酯+恩曲他滨+依法韦伦和阿德福韦;5)HIV整合酶抑制剂,例如姜黄素、姜黄素衍生物、菊苣酸、菊苣酸衍生物、3,5-二咖啡酰奎尼酸、3,5-二咖啡酰奎尼酸衍生物、金精三羧酸、金精三羧酸衍生物、咖啡酸苯乙酯、咖啡酸苯乙酯衍生物、酪氨酸磷酸化抑制剂、酪氨酸磷酸化抑制剂衍生物、槲皮素、槲皮素衍生物、S-1360、zintevir(AR-177)、L-870812和L-870810、MK-0518(raltegravir)、BMS-707035、MK-2048、BA-011、BMS-538158、GSK364735C、6)gp41抑制剂,例如恩夫韦肽、西夫韦肽(sifuvirtide)、FB006M、TRI-1144、SPC3、DES6、Locus gp41、CovX和REP 9;7)CXCR4抑制剂,例如AMD-070;8)穿入抑制剂,例如SP01A、TNX-355;9)gp120抑制剂,例如BMS-488043和BlockAide/CR;10)G6PD和NADH-氧化酶抑制剂,例如immunitin;10)CCR5抑制剂,例如阿拉韦罗、维立韦罗、INCB9471、PRO-140、INCB15050、PF-232798、CCR5mAb004和马拉韦罗;11)干扰素,例如聚乙二醇化r IFN-α2b、聚乙二醇化r IFN-α2a、rIFN-α2b、IFNα-2b XL、rIFN-α2a、共有IFNα、干复津、利比、locteron、AVI-005、PEG-干复津、聚乙二醇化IFN-β、口服干扰素α、β-干扰素、α-2a干扰素、intermaxα、r-IFN-β、干复津+干扰素γ-1b、IFN-ω与DUROS和白蛋白-干扰素α;12)利巴韦林类似物,例如rebetol、copegus、levovirin,VX-497和viramidine(taribavirin);13)NS5a抑制剂,例如A-831和A-689,14)NS5b聚合酶抑制剂,例如NM-283、伐洛他滨、R1626、PSI-6130(R1656)、HIV-796、BILB 1941、MK-0608,NM-107、R7128、VCH-759、PF-868554、GSK625433和XTL-2125;15)NS3蛋白酶抑制剂,例如SCH-503034(SCH-7)、VX-950(替拉瑞韦)、ITMN-191和BILN-2065;16)α-葡糖苷酶1抑制剂,例如MX-3253(西戈斯韦)和UT-231B;17)保肝药,例如IDN-6556、ME 3738、MitoQ和LB-84451,18)HIV的非核苷抑制剂,例如苯并咪唑衍生物、苯并-1,2,4-噻二嗪衍生物和苯丙氨酸衍生物;19)用于治疗HIV的其他药物,例如日达仙、硝唑尼特(alinea)、BIVN-401(virostat)、DEBIO-025、VGX-410C、EMZ-702、AVI 4065、巴土昔单抗、奥谷法奈、PYN-17、KPE02003002、actilon(CPG-10101)、KRN-7000、civacir、GI-5005、ANA-975(艾沙托立宾)、XTL-6865、ANA 971、NOV-205、tarvacin、EHC-18和NIM811;19)药物动力学促进剂,例如BAS-100和SPI452;20)RNAse H抑制剂,例如ODN-93和ODN-112,21)其他抗-HIV药,例如VGV-1、PA-457(bevirimat)、聚肌胞、HRG214、cytolin、polymun、VGX-410、KD247、AMZ 0026、CYT 99007、A-221 HIV、BAY 50-4798、MDX010(伊匹木单抗)、PBS119、ALG889和PA-1050040。
此外,作为实例,下列清单公开了具有其相应美国专利号的典型HIV抗病毒药,它们可以与本发明的盐联用。
典型HIV抗病毒药和专利号
Ziagen(硫酸阿巴卡韦,US 5,034,394)
Epzicom(硫酸阿巴卡韦/拉米夫定,US 5,034,394)
Hepsera(阿德福韦酯,US 4,724,233)
Agenerase(氨普那韦,US 5,646,180)
Reyataz(硫酸阿扎那韦,US 5,849,911)
Rescriptor(甲磺酸地拉韦啶,US 5,563,142)
Hivid(双脱氧胞苷;扎西他滨,US 5,028,595)
Videx(双脱氧肌苷;去羟肌苷,US 4,861,759)
Sustiva(依法韦伦,US 5,519,021)
Emtriva(恩曲他滨,US 6,642,245)
Lexiva(呋山那韦钙,US 6,436,989)
Virudin;Triapten;Foscavir(膦甲酸钠,US 6,476,009)
Crixivan(硫酸茚地那韦,US 5,413,999)
Epivir(拉米夫定,US 5,047,407)
Combivir(拉米夫定/齐多夫定,US 4,724,232)
Aluviran(洛匹那韦)
Kaletra(洛匹那韦/利托那韦,US 5,541,206)
Viracept(甲磺酸奈非那韦,US 5,484,926)
Viramune(奈韦拉平,US 5,366,972)
Norvir(利托那韦,US 5,541,206)
Invirase;Fortovase(甲磺酸沙奎那韦,US 5,196,438)
Zerit(司他夫定,US 4,978,655)
Truvada(富马酸替诺福韦酯/恩曲他滨,US 5,210,085)
Aptivus(替拉那韦)
Retrovir(齐多夫定;叠氮胸腺嘧啶,US 4,724,232)
抑制HIV的方法
本发明在另一个方面中提供了治疗获得性免疫缺陷综合征(AIDS)的方法,其中每种方法均包括对患有AIDS的人类给予治疗有效量的本发明盐或本发明盐的水合物的步骤。治疗AIDS包括改善AIDS的至少一种症状和/或延缓或预防该病进展。典型地,以如标题“药物组合物”中所述的药物组合物的形式对人类给予治疗有效量的所述盐。典型地,通过口服给予药物组合物,例如以片剂形式。本发明一种或多种盐或其水合物的治疗有效每日剂量的实例是1mg-100mg,例如10mg-30mg。可以每日给予本发明的盐,例如以一片或多片的形式,所述片剂包含的盐的量当所述盐在人体内的水性介质中离解时,提供有效量(例如10mg或30mg或60mg)的游离碱。
给药途径
通过适合于所治疗疾病的任意途径给予本发明的一种或多种盐。适合的途径包括口服、直肠、鼻部、局部(包括颊黏膜和舌下)、阴道和胃肠外(包括皮下、肌内、静脉内、真皮内、鞘内和硬膜外)等。可以理解优选的途径可以根据例如接受者病情的不同而改变。本发明盐的优点在于它们口服可生物利用并且可以通过口服给药。
实施例和典型实施方案:
还参见WO 2006/110157,将该文献的公开内容完整引入本文参考,特别是167-174页。
实施例1.N-[(S)({[(2R,5R)-5-(6-氨基-9H-嘌呤-9-基)-4-氟-2,5-二氢呋喃-2-基]氧基}甲基)苯氧基膦酰基]-L-丙氨酸乙酯的合成。
2-脱氧-2-氟-3,5-二-O-苯甲酰基-a-D-阿拉伯呋喃糖基溴(2)
根据Tann等人在JOC,1985,Vol.50pg.3644和Howe11等人在JOC,1988,Vol.53,pg.85中公开的合成方案合成化合物(2)。
向商购自Davos或CMS chemicals的1.3.5-三-O-苯甲酰基-2-脱氧-2-氟-α-D-阿拉伯呋喃糖(1)(120g,258mmol)在CH2Cl2(1L)中的溶液中加入33%HBr/乙酸(80mL)。将该混合物在室温搅拌16h,用冰-水冷却,在1-2h内用NaHCO3(150g/1.5L溶液)缓慢中和。
分离CH2Cl2相,减压浓缩。将残余物溶于乙酸乙酯,用NaHCO3洗涤,直到不存在酸为止。用MgSO4干燥有机相,过滤,减压浓缩,得到产物2,为黄色油状物(~115g)。
2-脱氟-2-氟-3,5-二-O-苯甲酰基-β-D-阿拉伯呋喃糖基-9H-6-氯嘌呤(3)
根据Ma等人在J.Med.Chem.,1997,Vol.40,pg.2750;Marquez等人在J.Med.Chem.,1990,Vol.33,pg.978;Hildebrand等人在J.Org.Chem.,1992,Vol.57,pg.1808和Kazimierczuk等人在JACS,1984,Vol.106,pg.6379中公开的合成方案合成化合物(3)。
向NaH(14g,60%)在乙腈(900mL)中的悬浮液中分3部分加入6-氯嘌呤(52.6g)。将该混合物在室温搅拌1.5h。滴加2(258mmol)的乙腈(300mL)溶液。将得到的混合物在室温搅拌16h。用乙酸(3.5mL)使反应停止,过滤,减压浓缩。使残余物分配在CH2Cl2与水之间。用MgSO4干燥有机相,过滤,浓缩。用CH2Cl2、然后用EtOH(总计~1∶2)处理残余物,以沉淀出期望的产物3,为淡黄色固体(83g,从1开始为65%)。
2-脱氧-2-氟-β-D-阿拉伯呋喃糖基-6-甲氧基腺嘌呤(4)
在0℃向3(83g,167mmol)在甲醇(1L)中的悬浮液中加入NaOMe(25%wt,76mL)。将该混合物在室温搅拌2h,然后用乙酸(~11mL,pH=7)猝灭。减压浓缩该混合物,使得到的残余物分配在己烷与水之间(约500mL己烷和300mL水)。分离水层,再次将有机层与水(约300mL)混合。合并水部分,减压浓缩至~100mL。产物4沉淀出来,通过过滤收集(42g,88%)。
2-脱氧-2-氟-5-羧基-β-D-阿拉伯呋喃糖基-6-甲氧基腺嘌呤(5)
根据Mos s等人在J.Chem.Soc.,1963,pg.1149中公开的合成方案合成化合物(5)。
将Pt/C(10%,15g(20-30%mol当量)作为水浆状物)和NaHCO3(1.5g,17.94mmol)在H2O(500mL)中的混合物在65℃下、在H2气氛中搅拌0.5h。然后将该反应混合物冷却,置于真空中,用N2气冲洗几次,完全除去全部的H2。然后在室温加入化合物4(5.1g,17.94mmol)。将该反应混合物在65℃下、在02气氛中(气囊)搅拌至通过LC-MS发现反应完成(典型地24-72h)。将该混合物冷却至室温,过滤。用H2O充分洗涤Pt/C。将合并的滤液浓缩至~30mL,在0℃通过添加HCl(4N)酸化(pH4)。黑色固体沉淀出来,通过过滤收集。将粗制产物溶于少量甲醇,通过硅胶垫过滤(用甲醇洗脱)。浓缩滤液,使其从水中结晶,得到化合物5(2.5g),为灰白色固体。
(2′R,3′S,4′R,5′R)-6-甲氧基-9-[四氢4-碘-3-氟-5-(二乙氧基膦基)甲氧基-2-呋喃基]嘌呤(6)
根据Zemlicka等人在J.Amer.Chem.,Soc.,1972,Vol.94,pg.3213中公开的合成方案合成化合物(6)。
向5(22g,73.77mmol)在DMF(400mL)中的溶液中加入DMF双新戊基乙缩醛(150mL,538mmol)和甲磺酸(9.5mL,146.6mmol)。将该反应混合物在80-93℃(内部温度)搅拌30min,然后冷却至室温,减压浓缩。使残余物分配在乙酸乙酯与水之间。分离有机相,用NaHCO3、然后用盐水洗涤,用MgSO4干燥,过滤,减压浓缩。将残余物和(羟甲基)膦酸二乙酯(33mL,225mmol)溶于CH2Cl2(250mL),冷却至-40℃。滴加一溴化碘(30.5g,1.1mol)的CH2Cl2(100mL)溶液。将该混合物在-20至-5℃搅拌6h。然后用NaHCO3和Na2S2O3使反应停止。分离有机相,用CH2Cl2萃取水相。用盐水洗涤合并的有机相,用MgSO4干燥,过滤,减压浓缩。通过硅胶色谱法纯化残余物,得到产物6(6g,15.3%)。
制备6的可替代选择方法
在N2气气氛中用三苯膦(2.3g,8.7mmol)处理5(2.0g,6.7mmol)在THF(45mL)中的溶液。缓慢加入偶氮二甲酸二异丙酯(1.8g,8.7mmol)。将得到的混合物在室温搅拌1h,然后减压浓缩至干。将残余物溶于CH2Cl2(20ml),然后用(羟甲基)膦酸二乙酯(4.5g,27mmol)处理。将该混合物冷却至-60℃,然后加入一溴化碘2g,9.6mmol)的CH2Cl2(10ml)的冷溶液。将该反应混合物温至-10℃,然后保持在-10℃1h。用CH2Cl2稀释该反应混合物,用饱和NaHCO3水溶液、然后用硫代硫酸钠水溶液洗涤。分离有机相,用MgSO4干燥,减压浓缩至干。通过硅胶色谱法纯化该反应混合物(用25%乙酸乙酯的CH2Cl2溶液洗脱,然后转变成3%甲醇的CH2Cl2溶液),得到产物6(0.9g,33%)。
(2′R,5′R)-6-甲氧基-9-[3-氟-2,5-二氢-5-(二乙氧基膦基)甲氧基-2-呋喃基]嘌呤(7)
向化合物6(6g,11.3mmol)在乙酸(2.5mL)和甲醇(50mL)中的溶液中滴加NaClO(10-13%)(50mL)。然后将该反应混合物搅拌0.5h,减压浓缩。用乙酸乙酯处理残余物,然后过滤以除去固体。浓缩滤液,通过硅胶色谱法纯化残余物,得到产物7(4g,88%)。
(2′R,5′R)-9-(3-氟-2,5-二氢-5-膦酰基甲氧基-2-呋喃基)腺嘌呤二钠盐(8)
将化合物7(2.3g,5.7mmol)的甲醇(6mL)溶液与氢氧化铵(28-30%)(60mL)混合。将得到的混合物在120℃搅拌4h,冷却,然后减压浓缩。真空干燥残余物12h。将残余物溶于DMF(40mL),加入溴三甲基硅烷(3.5mL)。将该混合物在室温搅拌16h,然后减压浓缩。将残余物溶于NaHCO3水溶液(2.3g的100mL水溶液)。蒸发该溶液,用C-18(40μm)柱纯化残余物,用水洗脱。冷冻干燥含水级分,得到二钠盐8(1.22g,57%)。
一酰胺化物制备实施例(9)
在无水吡啶(1mL)中混合二钠盐8(25mg,0.066mmol)、(S)-Ala-O-环丁酯盐酸盐(24mg,2eq.,0.133mmol)和苯酚(31mg,0.333mmol)。加入三乙胺(111μL,0.799mmol),在60℃下、在氮气气氛中搅拌得到的混合物。在单独的烧瓶中,将2′-Aldrithiol(122mg,0.466mmol)和三苯膦(103mg,0.466mmol)溶于无水吡啶(0.5mL),将得到的黄色溶液搅拌15-20min。然后将该溶液一次加入到8的溶液中。将合并的混合物在60℃下、在氮气气氛中搅拌16h,得到澄清黄色至淡棕色溶液。然后减压浓缩该混合物。将得到的油状物溶于CH2Cl2,通过硅胶色谱法纯化(用0-5%MeOH的CH2Cl2溶液线性梯度洗脱),得到油状物。将得到的油状物溶于乙腈和水,通过制备型HPLC纯化(线性梯度5-95%乙腈的水溶液)。合并纯级分,冷冻干燥,得到一酰胺化物9,为白色粉末。
双酰胺化物制备实施例(10)
在无水吡啶(1mL)中混合二钠盐8(12mg,0.032mmol)和(S)-Ala-O-n-Pr酯盐酸盐(32mg,6eq.,0.192mmol)。加入三乙胺(53μL,0.384mmol),在60℃下、在氮气气氛中搅拌得到的混合物。在单独的烧瓶中,将2′-Aldrithiol(59mg,0.224mmol)和三苯膦(49mg,0.224mmol)溶于无水吡啶(0.5mL),将得到的黄色溶液搅拌15-20min。然后将该溶液一次加入到8的溶液中。将合并的混合物在60℃下、在氮气气氛中搅拌16h,得到澄清黄色至淡棕色溶液。然后减压浓缩该混合物。将得到的油状物溶于CH2Cl2,通过硅胶色谱法纯化(用0-5%MeOH的CH2Cl2溶液线性梯度洗脱),得到油状物。将得到的油状物溶于乙腈和水,通过制备型HPLC纯化(线性梯度5-95%乙腈的水溶液)。合并纯级分,冷冻干燥,得到双酰胺化物,为白色粉末。
一酰胺化物制备实施例(11)
将化合物8(1.5g,4mmol)与丙氨酸乙酯HCl盐(1.23g,8mmol)和苯酚(1.88g,20mmol)混合。加入无水吡啶(35mL),然后加入TEA(6.7mL,48mmol)。将该混合物在60℃下、在氮气气氛中搅拌15-20min。在单独的烧瓶中将2′-Aldrithiol(7.3g)与三苯膦(6.2g)在无水吡啶(5mL)中混合,将得到的混合物搅拌10-15min,得到澄清淡黄色溶液。然后将该溶液加入到上述混合物中,在60℃搅拌过夜。减压浓缩该混合物以除去吡啶。将得到的残余物溶于乙酸乙酯,用饱和碳酸氢钠溶液(2x)、然后用饱和氯化钠溶液洗涤。用硫酸钠干燥有机层,过滤,然后减压浓缩。将得到的油状物溶于二氯甲烷,装载至干CombiFlash柱,40g,用0-5%甲醇的二氯甲烷溶液在10min内、然后用5%甲醇的二氯甲烷溶液7-10min的线性梯度洗脱。合并包含期望产物的级分,减压浓缩,得到泡沫。将泡沫溶于乙腈,通过制备型HPLC纯化,得到11(0.95g)。
将11(950mg)溶于少量乙腈,在室温保持静置过夜。通过过滤收集固体,用少量乙腈洗涤。真空减少滤液,然后装载至用缓冲液A、2%乙醇的乙腈溶液平衡的Chiralpak AS-H柱。用缓冲液A以10mL/min洗脱异构体A(即12)17mins。此后,缓冲液B、即50%甲醇的乙腈溶液用于洗脱异构体B(即13),在8mins内从该柱中分离。除去全部溶剂,然后分别再溶于乙腈和水。分别冷冻干燥样品(质量-348mg)。异构体12如下所示。
实施例2.筛选N-[(S)({[(2R,5R)-5-(6-氨基-9H-嘌呤-9-基)-4-氟-2,5-二氢呋喃-2-基]氧基}甲基)苯氧基膦酰基]-L-丙氨酸乙酯盐形式
筛选如下酸以确定它们是否形成N-[(S)({[(2R,5R)-5-(6-氨基-9H-嘌呤-9-基)-4-氟-2,5-二氢呋喃-2-基]氧基}甲基)苯氧基膦酰基]-L-丙氨酸乙酯的适合的结晶盐:无机酸(HX,其中X=卤素;H3PO4);有机磺酸(RSO3H,其中R=Me、Et、Ph、(+)-樟脑-10-磺酸;萘-2-磺酸;萘-1,5-二磺酸);一羧酸(RCO2H,其中R=H、Me、Et、Ph、反式-PhCH=CH、Cl2CH、PhCONHCH2)和二羧酸(丙二酸、琥珀酸、富马酸、己二酸、草酸、马来酸)。
当与N-[(S)({[(2R,5R)-5-(6-氨基-9H-嘌呤-9-基)-4-氟-2,5-二氢呋喃-2-基]氧基}甲基)苯氧基膦酰基]-L-丙氨酸乙酯混合时,使用三种上述举出的酸得到固体:三氟乙酸、丙二酸和琥珀酸。不将三氟乙酸视为药学可接受的。
N-[(S)({[(2R,5R)-5-(6-氨基-9H-嘌呤-9-基)-4-氟-2,5-二氢呋喃-2-基]氧基}甲基)苯氧基膦酰基]-L-丙氨酸乙酯是酰胺化物前体药物,其在质子溶剂中、在酸性或碱性条件下发生分解。由于这一原因,具有潜在亲核结构部分的酸不包括在最初筛选范围内。
然后评价柠檬酸、乙醇酸、(S)-(+)-乳酸、水杨酸、(S)-(-)-苹果酸、(S)-(+)-扁桃酸和(S)-(+)-谷氨酸。N-[(S)({[(2R,5R)-5-(6-氨基-9H-嘌呤-9-基)-4-氟-2,5-二氢呋喃-2-基]氧基}甲基)苯氧基膦酰基]-L-丙氨酸乙酯令人意外地与柠檬酸形成适合的晶体盐。这是令人意外的结果,因为柠檬酸包括可以作为对N-[(S)({[(2R,5R)-5-(6-氨基-9H-嘌呤-9-基)-4-氟-2,5-二氢呋喃-2-基]氧基}甲基)苯氧基膦酰基]-L-丙氨酸乙酯的酰胺化物结构部分的亲核体起作用并且可能与之反应,其中共价键在N-[(S)({[(2R,5R)-5-(6-氨基-9H-嘌呤-9-基)-4-氟-2,5-二氢呋喃-2-基]氧基}甲基)苯氧基膦酰基]-L-丙氨酸乙酯与柠檬酸羟基之间形成,除苯酚或丙氨酸乙酯外。
实施例3.N-[(S)({[(2R,5R)-5-(6-氨基-9H-嘌呤-9-基)-4-氟-2,5-二氢呋喃-2-基]氧基}甲基)苯氧基膦酰基]-L-丙氨酸乙酯的丙二酸盐的合成
将游离碱形式的N-[(S)({[(2R,5R)-5-(6-氨基-9H-嘌呤-9-基)-4-氟-2,5-二氢呋喃-2-基]氧基}甲基)苯氧基膦酰基]-L-丙氨酸乙酯溶于温热2-丁酮(15份),加入丙二酸(0.26份),在搅拌下形成溶液。向该溶液中加入庚烷(5份),将其缓慢冷却至约5℃,收集,用冷2-丁酮/庚烷冲洗。由此产生得到的N-[(S)({[(2R,5R)-5-(6-氨基-9H-嘌呤-9-基)-4-氟-2,5-二氢呋喃-2-基]氧基}甲基)苯氧基膦酰基]-L-丙氨酸乙酯的丙二酸盐,收率约为80%。
该丙二酸盐的NMR光谱具有如下特征:1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)ppm=8.27(s,1H),8.26(s,1H),7.32-7.20(m,3H),7.15(d,J=7.8Hz,2H),6.78(m,1H),5.88(br.s.,1H),5.78(s,1H),4.17(m,2H),4.15-4.07(m,3H),3.85(dd,J=8.0,8.0,1H),3.38(s,2H),1.31(d,J=7.0Hz,3H),1.23(t,J=7.0Hz,3H)
31P NMR(162MHz,氯仿-d)ppm=20.64(s)
19F NMR(376MHz,乙腈-d3)ppm=-135.19(s)
实施例4.N-[(S)({[(2R,5R)-5-(6-氨基-9H-嘌呤-9-基)-4-氟-2,5-二氢呋喃-2-基]氧基}甲基)苯氧基膦酰基]-L-丙氨酸乙酯的琥珀酸盐的合成。
将游离碱形式的N-[(S)({[(2R,5R)-5-(6-氨基-9H-嘌呤-9-基)-4-氟-2,5-二氢呋喃-2-基]氧基}甲基)苯氧基膦酰基]-L-丙氨酸乙酯溶于温热2-丁酮(15份),加入琥珀酸(0.28份),在搅拌下形成溶液。将该溶液缓慢冷却至约5℃,收集,用冷2-丁酮冲洗。由此得到N-[(S)({[(2R,5R)-5-(6-氨基-9H-嘌呤-9-基)-4-氟-2,5-二氢呋喃-2-基]氧基}甲基)苯氧基膦酰基]-L-丙氨酸乙酯的琥珀酸盐,收率约为80%。
该琥珀酸盐的NMR光谱具有如下特征:1H NMR(400MHz,乙腈-d3)ppm=8.26(s,1H),8.15(s,1H),7.29(dd,J=7.6,7.6Hz,2H),7.16(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.12(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),6.78(m,1H),6.17(br s,1H),5.89(m,2H),4.12-3.95(重叠的多重峰,6H),2.53(s,4H),1.24(d,J=6.8,3H),1.18(t,J=7.2,3H)。
31P NMR(162MHz,乙腈-d3)ppm=21.60(s)
19F NMR(376MHz,乙腈-d3)ppm=-135.19(s)
实施例5.N-[(S)({[(2R,5R)-5-(6-氨基-9H-嘌呤-9-基)-4-氟-2,5-二氢呋喃-2-基]氧基}甲基)苯氧基膦酰基]-L-丙氨酸乙酯的柠檬酸盐的合成。
将游离碱形式的N-[(S)({[(2R,5R)-5-(6-氨基-9H-嘌呤-9-基)-4-氟-2,5-二氢呋喃-2-基]氧基}甲基)苯氧基膦酰基]-L-丙氨酸乙酯(约30g)溶于热乙腈(16份),在搅拌下加入柠檬酸(0.38份)。将得到的溶液缓慢冷却至约5℃,收集,用冷乙腈冲洗,干燥,由此得到N-[(S)({[(2R,5R)-5-(6-氨基-9H-嘌呤-9-基)-4-氟-2,5-二氢呋喃-2-基]氧基}甲基)苯氧基膦酰基]-L-丙氨酸乙酯的柠檬酸盐,收率约为84%。
该柠檬酸盐的NMR光谱具有如下特征:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)ppm=8.20(s,2H),7.45(2H,br s),7.29(dd,J=7.6,7.6Hz,2H),7.13(dd,J=7.2Hz,J=7.2Hz 1H),7.12(dd,J=8.0Hz,J=8.0Hz 2H),6.86(d,J=2.4Hz,1H),6.14(s,1H),5.97(d,J=3.6Hz,1H),5.78(dd,J=12.2,10.4Hz,1H),4.05(m,1H),4.02(m,2H),3.98(m,1H),3.89(m,1H),2.76(d,J=15.6Hz,2H),2.66(d,J=15.6Hz,2H),1.16(d,J=7.2Hz,1H)。
31P NMR(162MHz,DMSO-d6)ppm=22.29(s)
19F NMR(376MHz,乙腈-d3)ppm=-133.88(s)
HRMS:m/z:507.1561;C21H24FN6O6P计算值:507.1557。
C21H24FN6O6P分析计算值:C:46.42;H:4.62;N:12.03;P:4.43;F:2.72;测定值:C:45.83;H:4.74;N:11.81;P:4.45;F:2.80。
实施例6.N-[(S)({[(2R,5R)-5-(6-氨基-9H-嘌呤-9-基)-4-氟-2,5-二氢呋喃-2-基]氧基}甲基)苯氧基膦酰基]-L-丙氨酸乙酯盐的理化特性
制备有代表性批量的N-[(S)({[(2R,5R)-5-(6-氨基-9H-嘌呤-9-基)-4-氟-2,5-二氢呋喃-2-基]氧基}甲基)苯氧基膦酰基]-L-丙氨酸乙酯的丙二酸盐、琥珀酸盐和柠檬酸盐。测定这些盐的熔点,用作稳定性的粗量度,其中较高熔点指示较高的稳定性水平。如表1所示,柠檬酸盐具有最高熔点。另外,三种盐各自的熔化热(ΔH(熔化))如表1所示。柠檬酸盐具有最高熔化热,显示固体结晶度高于其他两种盐。
表1.N-[(S)({[(2R,5R)-5-(6-氨基-9H-嘌呤-9-基)-4-氟-2,5-二氢呋喃-2-基]氧基}甲基)苯氧基膦酰基]-L-丙氨酸乙酯的琥珀酸盐、丙二酸盐和柠檬酸盐的熔化温度和熔化热
当贮存在40℃和75%相对湿度(RH)的开放条件下时,N-[(S)({[(2R,5R)-5-(6-氨基-9H-嘌呤-9-基)-4-氟-2,5-二氢呋喃-2-基]氧基}甲基)苯氧基膦酰基]-L-丙氨酸乙酯的游离碱形式是无定形的、吸湿性的和化学不稳定的。如表2所示,当接触92%的相对湿度几天时,相应的琥珀酸盐、丙二酸盐和柠檬酸盐在室温下不吸湿。
表2.室温下N-[(S)({[(2R,5R)-5-(6-氨基-9H-嘌呤-9-基)-4-氟-2,5-二氢呋喃-2-基]氧基}甲基)苯氧基膦酰基-L-丙氨酸乙酯盐形式的固态吸湿度
在40℃和75%相对湿度、在开放条件下检验N-[(S)({[(2R,5R)-5-(6-氨基-9H-嘌呤-9-基)-4-氟-2,5-二氢呋喃-2-基]氧基}甲基)苯氧基膦酰基]-L-丙氨酸乙酯的游离碱、琥珀酸盐、丙二酸盐和柠檬酸盐的固态化学稳定性。如表3中所示,柠檬酸盐显示优于琥珀酸盐和丙二酸盐的化学稳定性。
表3.在40℃和75%相对湿度、在开放条件下的N-[(S)({[(2R,5R)-5-(6-氨基-9H-嘌呤-9-基)-4-氟-2,5-二氢呋喃-2-基]氧基}甲基)苯氧基膦酰基]-L-丙氨酸乙酯的游离碱形式和相应琥珀酸盐、柠檬酸盐和丙二酸盐的固态稳定性。
实施例7.提供10mg和30mg N-[(S)({[(2R,5R)-5-(6-氨基-9H-嘌呤-9-基)-4-氟-2,5-二氢呋喃-2-基]氧基}甲基)苯氧基膦酰基]-L-丙氨酸乙酯游离碱当量的片剂组成
使用滚压法将N-[(S)({[(2R,5R)-5-(6-氨基-9H-嘌呤-9-基)-4-氟-2,5-二氢呋喃-2-基)氧基}甲基)苯氧基膦酰基]-L-丙氨酸乙酯的柠檬酸盐配制成10mg和30mg片剂。首先掺合活性成分、无水乳糖、微晶纤维素和交联羧甲基纤维素钠,然后用硬脂酸镁总量的三分之一润滑该混合物,然后滚压,然后研磨。用其余量的硬脂酸镁润滑得到的颗粒,压制成片剂。
表4显示包括N-[(S)({[(2R,5R)-5-(6-氨基-9H-嘌呤-9-基)-4-氟-2,5-二氢呋喃-2-基]氧基}甲基)苯氧基膦酰基]-L-丙氨酸乙酯的柠檬酸盐的片剂组成,该片剂当柠檬酸盐在水性介质中解离时提供10mg或30mg该化合物的游离碱形式。
表4.
a相当于10%2/2的化合物游离碱形式。根据药物物质纯度调整实际药物物质重量。
b相当于10mg化合物游离碱形式。
c相当于30mg化合物游离碱形式。
d从无水乳糖量中扣除调整的药物物质量。
e缩写NF意指国家处方集(national formulary)且缩写HSE意指在Gilead Sciences使用的内标的House Compendial Reference。
实施例8.N-[(S)({[(2R,5R)-5-(6-氨基-9H-嘌呤-9-基)-4-氟-2,5-二氢呋喃-2-基]氧基}甲基)苯氧基膦酰基]-L-丙氨酸乙酯(前体药物)或母体化合物对淋巴细胞给药后活性代谢物的淋巴细胞荷载比较.
N-[(S)({[(2R,5R)-5-(6-氨基-9H-嘌呤-9-基)-4-氟-2,5-二氢呋喃-2-基]氧基}甲基)苯氧基膦酰基]-L-丙氨酸乙酯是在人体内水解成水解产物(下文称作“母体化合物”)的前体药物。母体化合物在人体内被磷酸化成抑制逆录酶活性的生物活性磷酸化产物(下文称为“活性代谢物”)。
为了表征前体药物和母体化合物的胞内代谢,用1μM前体药物或100μM母体化合物将淋巴细胞处理2、6和24小时。使用Ficoll Paque Plus(GE Healthcare,Piscataway,NJ)中的离心、根据制造商的方法从人血沉棕黄层(human buffy coat)(Stanford Blood Bank,Palo Alto,CA)中分离外周血单核细胞(PBMCs)。将分离自3-4个独立供体的PBMCs维持在包含20%胎牛血清和抗生素的RPMI-1640培养基中(静止期)或在白细胞介素2(20单位/mL,Roche Biochemicals,Indianapolis,IN)和植物凝集素PHA-P(1μg/mL,Sigma)的存在下活化3-4天,然后启动实验。
人转化成的CCRF-CEM T-细胞获自美国模式培养物保藏中心(American Type Culture Collection)(Manassas,VA)并且在补充了10%FBS和抗生素的RPMI-1640培养基中培养。在每一时间点采集等分的细胞(2-3x106个细胞),计数,通过离心沉淀,重新混悬于0.5mL原始处理培养基,在0.5mL Nyosil M25油上分层。将样品在微量离心机中以最大速度(约800xg)旋转20秒。除去培养基上层,用0.8mL磷酸缓冲盐水将油层洗涤2次。谨慎除去洗涤缓冲液和油层,将细胞沉淀重新混悬于0.5mL 70%甲醇,在-70℃温育过夜以有利于细胞裂解。离心细胞裂解物,采集上清液,通过真空干燥,重新混悬于包含[5-(6-氨基-嘌呤-9-基)-2,5-二氢-呋喃-2-基氧基甲基]-膦酸的二磷酸酯(活性代谢物的非氟化类似物)作为内标的10μL乙酸四丁基铵。
结合正离子电喷雾串联质谱法的瞬态离子配对高效液相色谱法(LC/MS/MS)用于定量胞内核苷酸。根据对无环膦酸酯核苷酸类似物阿德福韦、其磷酸化代谢物和天然核苷酸所述的那些方法调整所用方法(Vela,J.E.等人Simultaneous quantitation of the nucleotide analog adefovir,its phosphorylated anabolites and 2′-deoxyadenosinetriphosphate by ion-pairing LC/MS/MS.Journal of Chromatography B Anal.Technol.Biomed.Life Sci.,vol.848,2007,pp 335-343)。使用提取自未处理细胞的提取物对全部分析物生成标准曲线和质量控制样品。7点标准曲线一般在0.03-20pmol/百万细胞并且对全部分析物具有等于0.99的r2过度线性。全部分析物的定量下限在0.05-0.1pmol/百万细胞。低和高浓度质量控制样品(典型地分别为0.2和10pmol/百万细胞)与各分析物一起在每次分析试验开始和结束时运行,以确保20%内的精确度和精密度。
将母体化合物在高于前体药物(1μM)100-倍(100μM)的浓度下温育,以有利于淋巴细胞与母体化合物温育后观察到的远低的代谢物胞内蓄积的精确分析。如表5所示,在分别与CEM-CCRF、静息PBMCs和活化PBMCs一起温育后,前体药物诱导相对于母体化合物76-、290-和140-倍的活性代谢物水平增加。基于与1μM前体药物或100μM母体化合物一起温育后的胞外浓度校准活性代谢物水平。
表5.
实施例9.前体药物和母体化合物的抗-HIV活性比较
术语“前体药物”和“母体化合物”具有实施例8中举出的含义。
将MT-2细胞维持在补充了抗生素和10%胎牛血清(FBS)的RPMI-1640培养基中。用HIV-1 IIIB以0.01的感染复数(moi)感染MT-2细胞并且加入到具有以20,000个细胞/孔的密度系列稀释的测试化合物的96-孔培养板中。5-天温育后,使用CellTiter-GloTM细胞存活测定法(Promega,Madison,WI)测定病毒-诱导的致细胞病变效应并且表示为扣除来自未处理的对照组的信号后来自具有完全抑制的病毒复制的样品的信号百分比。通过非线性回归测定抑制病毒-诱导的致细胞病变效应达50%(EC50)的各药物浓度。以与野生型对照组病毒平行的方式测定对NRTI-抗性突变体的活性并且计算EC50的倍数改变。
使用Ficoll Paque Plus中的离心从供体血沉棕黄层中分离人外周血单核细胞(PBMC),并且将其在具有20%FBS、抗生素、白细胞介素-2(20单位/mL)和植物凝集素PHA-P(1μg/mL)的RPMI-1640培养基中活化4-5天。用HIV-1BaL将活化的PBMC感染3小时,洗涤,接种入96-孔培养板(250,000个细胞/孔)并且与系列稀释的测试化合物一起温育5天,此时采集细胞上清液并且使用商品HIV-1 p24ELISA(Beckman Coulter,Miami,FL)测定病毒产生。通过回归分析测定抑制p24抗原产生达50%的各药物浓度(EC50)。
评价在MT-2和活化的HIV-1感染的PBMC中添加前体药物(preo-moieties)对抗-HIV活性的效果。如表6所示,在MT-2和活化的PBMC中前体药物的有效性分别高于母体化合物71-和2,300-倍。
表6.前体药物和母体化合物在淋巴样来源细胞系和初级淋巴样细胞中的抗-HIV-1活性
实施例10.给予比哥犬片剂形式的N-[(S)({[(2R,5R)-5-(6-氨基-9H-嘌呤-9-基)-4-氟-2,5-二氢呋喃-2-基]氧基}甲基)苯氧基膦酰基]-L-丙氨酸乙酯的柠檬酸盐后的口服生物利用度
给药组由3只非首次用于实验的雄性比哥犬组成。在给予剂量前将动物禁食过夜并且持续至给药后至多4hr。对犬给予包含41.38mg前体药物柠檬酸盐的单片(提供30mg前体药物/片)。给予每片重量,该片剂由13.79%前体药物柠檬酸盐、66%无水乳糖、15.21%微晶纤维素、3.5%羧甲基纤维素钠和1.5%硬脂酸镁组成。在给药前(0hr)和0.083、0.25、0.50、1.0、2.0、4.0、8.0、12、24hr时得到血浆样品。将血样采集入包含EDTA-K3的VacutainerTM管。在离心4℃血样以分离血浆。首先用包含200nM内标的300μl 80%乙腈/水稀释各血浆样品的等分部分。离心蛋白质沉淀后,取出100μl上清液并且用于分析。制备来自未给予前体药物的动物的犬血浆的标准曲线和质量控制样品。通过部分验证的液相色谱法结合三元四极质谱法分析样品。
给予作为片剂的前体药物柠檬酸盐导致前体药物和衍生自前体药物的母体化合物快速吸收。如表7概括的,在给药后观察到接触前体药物和母体化合物的血浆。完整前体药物的口服生物利用度是11.4%。这些结果与口服给予溶液制剂形式的前体药物后观察到的结果无显著性差异,从而示例了包含前体药物柠檬酸盐的片剂在将前体药物及其代谢物递送入体循环中的有效性。
表7.口服给予3.05mg/kg当量(平均值,n=3)平均剂量的前体药物柠檬酸盐片剂后前体药物和母体化合物的平均血浆药代动力学参数值
实施例11.N-[(S)({[(2R,5R)-5-(6-氨基-9H-嘌呤-9-基)-4-氟-2,5-二氢呋喃-2-基]氧基}甲基)苯氧基膦酰基]-L-丙氨酸乙酯的柠檬酸盐、丙二酸盐和琥珀酸盐的差示扫描量热法(DSC)。
差示扫描量热法精确测量与材料中热转变相关的温度和热流量。使用TA Instrument(New Castle,DE)DSC 2010以5℃min-1的扫描速率生成本发明N-[(S)({[(2R,5R)-5-(6-氨基-9H-嘌呤-9-基)-4-氟-2,5-二氢呋喃-2-基]氧基}甲基)苯氧基膦酰基]-L-丙氨酸乙酯的盐的DSC痕迹。图1显示N-[(S)({[(2R,5R)-5-(6-氨基-9H-嘌呤-9-基)-4-氟-2,5-二氢呋喃-2-基]氧基}甲基)苯氧基膦酰基]-L-丙氨酸乙酯的丙二酸盐的特征DSC痕迹。DSC热分析图揭示出对应于熔点的单一吸热曲线(120.43℃,ΔHf=73.72J/g),然后是对应于丙二酸盐分解的单一放热曲线。
图2显示N-[(S)({[(2R,5R)-5-(6-氨基-9H-嘌呤-9-基)-4-氟-2,5-二氢呋喃-2-基]氧基}甲基)苯氧基膦酰基]-L-丙氨酸乙酯的琥珀酸盐的特征DSC痕迹。GS-9131琥珀酸盐的DSC热分析图揭示出对应于熔点的单一吸热曲线(137.44℃,ΔHf=66.18J/g),然后是对应于该盐分解的单一放热曲线。
图3显示N-[(S)({[(2R,5R)-5-(6-氨基-9H-嘌呤-9-基)-4-氟-2,5-二氢呋喃-2-基]氧基}甲基)苯氧基膦酰基]-L-丙氨酸乙酯的柠檬酸盐的特征DSC痕迹。柠檬酸盐的DSC热分析图揭示出对应于熔点的单一吸热曲线(149.41℃,ΔHf=85.72J/g),然后是对应于柠檬酸盐分解的单一放热曲线。
柠檬酸盐具有显著大于丙二酸盐和琥珀酸盐的熔化热,显示更高的固态结晶度。
实施例12.N-[(S)({[(2R,5R)-5-(6-氨基-9H-嘌呤-9-基)-4-氟-2,5-二氢呋喃-2-基]氧基}甲基)苯氧基膦酰基]-L-丙氨酸乙酯的柠檬酸盐、丙二酸盐和琥珀酸盐的X-射线衍射(XRD)分析。
使用两种方法生成本发明N-[(S)({[(2R,5R)-5-(6-氨基-9H-嘌呤-9-基)-4-氟-2,5-二氢呋喃-2-基]氧基}甲基)苯氧基膦酰基]-L-丙氨酸乙酯的盐的X-射线粉末衍射(XRPD)图。在第一种方法中,使用具有如下属性的Shimadzu XRD 6000仪器:Cu X-射线管,2.2KW,NF(正常焦点);单色器弯曲石墨;垂直测角器,185mm半径;发散狭缝:0.5°,1.0°,0.05mm;soller狭缝:0.05°,1°,2°;接受狭缝:0.15mm,0.3mm;闪烁检测器(NaI)HV 500-1200。
在第二种方法中,使用具有如下属性的Shimadzu XRD 6000仪器:Cu靶X-射线管,35kv,电流40ma;连续扫描,单色器,发散狭缝:1°,soller狭缝:1°,接受狭缝:0.3mm。
使用方法1得到丙二酸盐和琥珀酸盐的XRPD数据。使用方法2得到柠檬酸盐的XRPD数据。
应理解实验偏差可以适度改变XRPD吸收带(峰)信息。因此,在本专利中报道的因本发明盐的XRPD图产生的数据与重复试验时出现的数据相同或基本上相同。在本文上下文中“基本上相同”意指考虑到了典型峰位和强度变异性(因为它们通常可以用于任意的分析技术)。例如,本领域技术人员可以理解峰位显示一些仪器内部的变异性。例如,2-θ峰位典型地偏离多达0.1度。此外,本领域技术人员可以理解相对峰强度也显示因结晶度、优选的方向、制备的样品表面和本领域公知的其他因素导致的变异性。因此,应将相对峰强度仅视为定性量度。
图4显示丙二酸盐的特征XRPD图。定义该丙二酸盐晶型的主要和特征峰如表8A和8B所示。
表8A
丙二酸盐PXRD峰
最强峰 | 2θ(度) | d (A) | FWHM(度) | 积分强度 |
1 | 17.76 | 4.9912 | 0.3190 | 16049 |
2 | 14.92 | 5.9342 | 0.3023 | 14513 |
3 | 18.80 | 4.7163 | 0.6572 | 21597 |
表8B
图5显示琥珀酸盐的特征XRPD图。定义该琥珀酸盐晶体形式的主要和特征峰如表9A和9B所示。
表9A
琥珀酸盐PXRD峰
最强峰 | 2θ(度) | d (A) | FWHM(度) | 积分强度 |
1 | 24.91 | 3.5716 | 1.1300 | 40991 |
2 | 18.46 | 4.8024 | 3.7340 | 16639 |
3 | 17.76 | 4.9901 | 3.4162 | 9106 |
表9B
图6显示柠檬酸盐的特征XRPD图。定义该琥珀酸盐晶体形式的主要和特征峰如表10A和10B所示。
表10A
柠檬酸盐PXRD峰
最强峰 | 2θ(度) | d (A) | FWHM(度) | 积分强度 |
1 | 19.81 | 4.4784 | 0.2635 | 14837 |
2 | 28.63 | 3.1155 | 0.3312 | 13074 |
3 | 14.64 | 6.0465 | 0.2473 | 10572 |
表10B
特别将上文引述的全部文献和专利引入本文的引述位置作为参考。特别将上述引述的著作的具体引述章节或页引入本说明书参考。尽管已经详细描述了本发明以使本领域技术人员利用和使用如下权利要求的主题,但是还关注可以对如下权利要求进行一些变型并且它们也保留在本发明范围和精神内。
Claims (32)
1.式I的柠檬酸盐或其水合物:
2.权利要求1的盐或水合物,其特征在于其是晶体。
3.权利要求2的盐,其特征在于获自X-射线粉末衍射图的光谱晶面间距吸收带与4.48、3.12和6.05埃相同或基本上与之相同。
4.权利要求2的盐,其特征在于获自X-射线粉末衍射图的2-θ衍射角吸收带与19.81、28.63和14.64度相同或基本上与之相同。
5.权利要求2的水合物,其特征在于是部分或完全水化的。
6.权利要求2的盐,其特征在于是无水或基本上无水的。
7.药物组合物,包含治疗有效量的权利要求1-6任一项的盐或水合物和药学可接受的载体或赋形剂。
8.权利要求7的药物组合物,还包含另一种治疗剂。
9.权利要求8的药物组合物,其中另一种治疗剂是抗-HIV药。
10.权利要求7的药物组合物,其中该药物组合物是单位剂型。
11.权利要求10的药物组合物,其中所述单位剂型是片剂。
12.通过组合治疗有效量的权利要求1-6任一项的盐或水合物与药学可接受的载体或赋形剂制备的药物组合物。
13.权利要求1-6任一项的盐或水合物在治疗或预防HIV感染中的应用。
14.权利要求1-6任一项的盐或水合物在制备用于治疗或预防HIV感染中的药物中的应用。
15.权利要求13-14任一项的应用,其中所述盐或水合物以权利要求7-12任一项的药物组合物形式存在。
17.权利要求16的盐或水合物,其特征在于其是晶体。
18.权利要求17的盐,其特征在于获自X-射线粉末衍射图的光谱晶面间距吸收带与3.57、4.80和4.99埃相同或基本上与之相同。
19.权利要求17的盐,其特征在于获自X-射线粉末衍射图的2-θ衍射角吸收带与24.91、18.46和17.76度相同或基本上与之相同。
20.药物组合物,包含治疗有效量的权利要求16-19任一项的盐或水合物和药学可接受的载体或赋形剂。
21.权利要求20的药物组合物,还包含另一种活性成分。
22.通过组合治疗有效量的权利要求16-19任一项的盐或水合物与药学可接受的载体或赋形剂制备的药物组合物。
23.权利要求16-19任一项的盐或水合物在治疗或预防HIV感染中的应用。
25.权利要求24的盐或水合物,其特征在于其是晶体。
26.权利要求25的盐,其特征在于获自X-射线粉末衍射图的光谱晶面间距吸收带与4.99、5.93和4.72埃相同或基本上与之相同。
27.权利要求25的盐,其特征在于获自X-射线粉末衍射图的2-θ衍射角吸收带与17.76、14.92和18.80度相同或基本上与之相同。
28.药物组合物,包含治疗有效量的权利要求24-27任一项的盐或水合物和药学可接受的载体或赋形剂。
29.权利要求28的药物组合物,还包含另一种活性成分。
30.通过组合治疗有效量的权利要求24-27任一项的盐或水合物与药学可接受的载体或赋形剂制备的药物组合物。
31.权利要求24-27任一项的盐或水合物在治疗或预防HIV感染中的应用。
32.如本文所述的组合物或方法。
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