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CN101779093A - 用于通过低温蒸馏分离空气的方法和设备 - Google Patents

用于通过低温蒸馏分离空气的方法和设备 Download PDF

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CN101779093A
CN101779093A CN200780100212A CN200780100212A CN101779093A CN 101779093 A CN101779093 A CN 101779093A CN 200780100212 A CN200780100212 A CN 200780100212A CN 200780100212 A CN200780100212 A CN 200780100212A CN 101779093 A CN101779093 A CN 101779093A
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air
heat exchange
exchange pipeline
tower
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F·巴赫
孙韶华
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LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
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    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04375—Details relating to the work expansion, e.g. process parameter etc.
    • F25J3/04393—Details relating to the work expansion, e.g. process parameter etc. using multiple or multistage gas work expansion
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    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
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    • F25J3/04406—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system
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    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
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Abstract

在至少包括一高压塔(43)和一低压塔(45)的蒸馏系统中通过低温蒸馏分离空气的方法，其中将空气在主压缩机(3)中压缩，使经压缩的空气在热交换管线(41)中冷却，将经冷却、压缩和净化的空气从热交换管线送至高压塔(43)，在第一工作模式中，将经主压缩机压缩的空气中至少90％的空气进一步压缩至高于高压塔压力至少30巴的第一压力，该第一压力下的空气被送至热交换管线(41)中冷却，并分成两部分，其中一部分液化并送至所述蒸馏系统，而另一部分经至少一个涡轮膨胀机(29A，29B)膨胀后送至高压塔(43)，在第二工作模式中，将经主压缩机(3)压缩的空气中至多70％的空气进一步压缩至高于高压塔(43)压力至少30巴的第一压力，该第一压力下的空气被送至热交换管线(41)中冷却，并分成两部分，其中一部分液化并送至所述蒸馏系统，而另一部分经至少一个涡轮膨胀机(29A，29B)膨胀后送至高压塔，经主压缩机(3)压缩的空气中至少30％的空气在主压缩机(3)出口压力下送至热交换管线(41)中冷却，并送至高压塔(43)。

Description

用于通过低温蒸馏分离空气的方法和设备
技术领域
本发明涉及通过低温蒸馏来分离空气。
具体地，本发明涉及用于通过低温分离生产加压气态空气成分的方法。
背景技术
经常要求：生产加压气态空气成分的空气分离单元也可以生产液态的、不同量的空气成分。
已知通过将用于生产加压气态成分的空气分离单元与一液化器相连以使来自该空气分离单元的不同量的气体液化而产出液体来满足这种要求。这种设备需要相当多的资金消耗。
本发明提供了一种新方法的方案，所述方案按气体模式和液体模式有效地工作，而同时仅需适度的投资费用。
本文中所提到的百分数均指摩尔百分数。
发明内容
本发明一方面提供了一种用于在蒸馏系统中通过低温蒸馏分离空气的方法，所述蒸馏系统包括至少一高压塔和一低压塔，其中空气在主压缩机中压缩，使经压缩的空气在热交换管线中冷却，将经冷却、压缩和净化的空气从该热交换管线送至高压塔，将富氧的液流直接地或间接地从高压塔送至低压塔，将富氮的液流从高压塔送至低压塔，将富氮的气体从低压塔中移出，并在热交换管线中进行加热，将一空气成分以液态形式从所述蒸馏系统中移出，加压并在热交换管线中加热，其中：
i)在第一工作模式中，将经主压缩机压缩的空气中至少90％的空气进一步压缩至高于高压塔压力至少30巴的第一压力，将该第一压力下的空气送至热交换管线中冷却，并分成两部分，将其中一部分液化并送至所述蒸馏系统，而将另一部分经至少一个涡轮膨胀机膨胀后送至高压塔。
ii)在第二工作模式中，将经主压缩机压缩的空气中至多70％的空气进一步压缩至高于高压塔压力至少30巴的第一压力，将该第一压力下的空气送至热交换管线中冷却，并分成两部分，将其中一部分液化并送至所述蒸馏系统，而将另一部分经至少一个涡轮膨胀机膨胀后送至高压塔中，将经主压缩机压缩的空气中至少30％的空气在主压缩机出口压力下送至热交换管线中冷却，并送至高压塔。
根据本发明的其它可选的方面：
-以液态形式从所述蒸馏系统中移出、加压并在热交换器中被加热的空气成分是氧或氮；
-压缩至第一压力的所述空气在并联连接的压缩机对的至少一个压缩机中压缩；
-从第一压力膨胀至高压塔压力的所述空气在并联连接的两个涡轮膨胀机中的至少一个膨胀机中膨胀；
-在第一工作模式期间，将所述空气送至并联连接的两个压缩机和并联连接的两个膨胀机；
-在第二工作模式期间，将所述空气仅送至并联连接的两个压缩机中的一个和仅送至并联连接的两个膨胀机中的一个；
-在第一工作模式期间生产的作为最终产品的低温液体多于第二工作模式；
-仅在第一工作模式期间生产作为最终产品的低温液体。
本发明的另一方面提供了一种用于通过低温蒸馏来分离空气的设备，该设备包括一主压缩机、一热交换管线、至少包括一高压塔和一低压塔的蒸馏系统、用于使主压缩机出口与热交换管线相连和使该热交换管线与高压塔相连的管路——所述管路适于将主压缩机的出口压力下的气态空气送至高压塔，主压缩机的出口与至少一个增压压缩机相连，该增压压缩机的出口与热交换管线相连，该热交换管线经由膨胀装置与所述蒸馏系统相连，从而使得增压压缩机出口压力下的空气在该压力下被冷却，并被膨胀至所述蒸馏系统中一个塔的压力。
优选地，所述膨胀装置包括两个并联连接的涡轮膨胀机和/或所述增压压缩机包括至少一对并联连接的压缩机。
所述增压压缩机可包括两对并联连接的压缩机。尽管在液体模式下该增压压缩机中的所有4个压缩机都工作，但是在气体模式下每对并联压缩机中仅有一个工作。
附图说明
下面将参考附图对本方法进行更详细的说明，其中，
图1示出了本发明的空气分离单元。
具体实施方式
该空气分离单元使用一双塔，该双塔包括一在约5.5巴的绝对压力下运行的高压塔43，该高压塔与一低压塔45热连接。
根据所有的工作模式，在压缩机3中将所有用于蒸馏的空气压缩至约6巴的绝对压力，并作为流5在净化单元7A和7B中净化。
将富液51、贫液53和极贫液从高压塔中移出，并在热交换器53中过冷后作为回流送至低压塔45。
纯氮流63从低压塔尖塔(minaret)的最顶部移出，并在过冷器53中加热，然后在热交换器41中加热。
废氮流65从低压塔尖塔的底部移出，并在过冷器53中加热，然后在热交换器41中加热。
液氧流67从低压塔45中移出，并在泵69中压缩，然后在热交换器41中汽化以形成产品。
在气体模式中，流5被分成两部分。40mol.％(摩尔百分数为40％)的空气作为流9送至热交换器41，通过整个热交换器进行冷却后，该气态空气作为流37的一部分送至高压塔。空气的余下部分(亦即60mol.％的空气)形成流13，并首先作为流15A或15B通过两个并联的增压器17A和17B之一以及然后作为流21A或21B通过两个并联的增压器23A和23B之一增压至50巴的绝对压力。流21A或21B接着形成流25，该流25在热交换器中冷却到一中间温度后分成两部分。流39继续在热交换器41中冷却。而流27被移出，并经两个并联安装的膨胀机29A和29B之一膨胀至高压塔32的压力。膨胀机29A与增压器23A相联接，膨胀机29B与增压器23B相联接。经膨胀的流33A或33B形成流35，并被送至高压塔。该流在一膨胀机中膨胀，该膨胀机与之前该气流在其中被压缩的压缩机相联接。
在液体模式中，来自压缩机3的全部空气都形成流13，并首先作为流15A和15B通过两个并联的增压器17A和17B以及然后作为流21A和21B通过两个并联的增压器23A和23B增压至50巴的绝对压力。没有形成流9。然后，将流21A和21B混合以形成流25，该流25在热交换器中冷却到一中间温度后分成两部分。流39继续在热交换器41中被冷却。流27被移出并分成两部分。流31A和31B分别在并联安装的膨胀机29A和29B中膨胀到高压塔32的压力。膨胀机29A与增压器23A相联接，膨胀机29B与增加器23B相联接。将经过膨胀的流33A和33B混合以形成流35，并送至高压塔43，从而形成送至高压塔43的唯一气流。
在液体模式中，抽出的作为最终产品的液体——无论是液态氧61还是液态氮59——的总量多于在气体模式中抽出的作为最终产品的液体的量。
对于给定的根据本发明(的方法)工作的空气分离单元，在液体模式中产出的液体量可达产品总量的50mol.％。
此外，在两种模式的任何一种模式中，均可通过泵送液态氮并使其汽化(形成高达气态氧流量的55mol.％)来生产高压气态氮，以提高单位能耗。
当然，也可以设想对本方法进行变型，如包括一中间压力塔、一混合塔和/或一氩气塔。

Claims (10)

1.用于在蒸馏系统中通过低温蒸馏来分离空气的方法，该蒸馏系统至少包括一高压塔(43)和一低压塔(45)，其中，将空气在一主压缩机(3)中压缩，经压缩的空气在一热交换管线(41)中冷却，将经冷却、压缩和净化的空气从所述热交换管线送至所述高压塔，将富氧液流(51)直接地或间接地从所述高压塔送至所述低压塔，将富氮液流(53，55)从所述高压塔送至所述低压塔，将富氮气体从所述低压塔移出并在所述热交换管线中加热，将一空气成分(67)以液态形式从所述蒸馏系统中移出、加压、然后在所述热交换管线中加热，其中：
i)在第一工作模式中，将经所述主压缩机压缩的空气中至少90％的空气进一步压缩至高于高压塔压力至少30巴的第一压力，将该第一压力下的空气送至所述热交换管线中冷却，并分成两部分，将其中一部分液化并送至所述蒸馏系统，将另一部分经至少一个涡轮膨胀机(29A，29B)膨胀后送至所述高压塔。
ii)在第二工作模式中，将经所述主压缩机压缩的空气中至多70％的空气进一步压缩至高于高压塔压力至少30巴的第一压力，将该第一压力下的空气送至所述热交换管线中冷却，并分成两部分，将其中一部分液化并送至所述蒸馏系统，将另一部分经至少一个涡轮膨胀机(29A，29B)膨胀后送至所述高压塔，将经所述主压缩机压缩的空气中至少30％的空气在主压缩机出口压力下送至所述热交换管线中冷却，然后送至所述高压塔。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，以液态形式移出所述蒸馏系统并经加压后在所述热交换管线中加热的所述空气成分是氧或氮。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，被压缩至第一压力的所述空气在一对并联连接的压缩机(17A，17B，23A，23B)中的至少一个压缩机中压缩。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，从第一压力膨胀至高压塔压力的所述空气在两个并联连接的涡轮膨胀机(29A，29B)中的至少一个中膨胀。
5.根据权利要求3和4所述的方法，其特征在于，在第一工作模式期间，将所述空气送至并联连接的两个压缩机(17A，17B，23A，23B)和/或并联连接的两个涡轮膨胀机(29A，29B)。
6.根据权利要求3和4所述的方法，其特征在于，在第二工作模式期间，将所述空气仅送至并联连接的压缩机(17A，17B，23A，23B)中的一个压缩机和/或仅送至并联连接的涡轮膨胀机(29A，29B)中的一个涡轮膨胀机。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一工作模式期间所产生的作为最终产品(59，61)的低温液体多于所述第二工作模式。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于，仅在第一工作模式期间产生作为最终产品的低温液体(59，61)。
9.用于通过低温蒸馏来分离空气的设备，该设备包括一主压缩机(3)、一热交换管线(41)、至少包括一高压塔(43)和一低压塔(45)的蒸馏系统、使所述主压缩机出口与所述热交换管线相连和使所述热交换管线与所述高压塔相连的管路(9)，所述管路(9)适用于将主压缩机出口压力下的气态空气送至高压塔，所述主压缩机的出口与至少一个增压压缩机(17A，17B，23A，23B)相连，增压压缩机的出口与所述热交换管线相连，该热交换管线经由膨胀装置(29A，29B)与所述蒸馏系统相连，从而使得增压压缩机出口压力下的空气在所述压力下冷却，并然后膨胀至所述蒸馏系统中一个塔的压力。
10.根据权利要求9所述的设备，其特征在于，所述膨胀装置包括两个并联连接的涡轮膨胀机(29A，29B)，和/或所述增压压缩机包括至少一对并联连接的压缩机(17A，17B，23A，23B)。
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