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CN105765329A - 通过低温蒸馏分离空气的方法和装置 - Google Patents

通过低温蒸馏分离空气的方法和装置 Download PDF

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CN105765329A
CN105765329A CN201480061016.1A CN201480061016A CN105765329A CN 105765329 A CN105765329 A CN 105765329A CN 201480061016 A CN201480061016 A CN 201480061016A CN 105765329 A CN105765329 A CN 105765329A
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B·达维迪安
R·杜贝蒂尔-格勒尼耶
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LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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Abstract

一种方法包含第一组蒸馏塔(1)和第二组蒸馏塔(2)，第一组的低压塔(5)经由来自在较高压力下运行的塔顶部的气体(15)和/或经由来自低压塔的流体(17)连接到第二组的在较高压力下运行的塔(3ˊ)。

Description

通过低温蒸馏分离空气的方法和装置
本发明涉及通过低温蒸馏(cryogenicdistillation)分离空气的方法和装置。
在由中等压力塔(medium-pressurecolumn)和低压塔构成的双塔中分离空气是已知做法，中等压力塔的顶部经由再沸器-冷凝器热连接到低压塔的底部。中等压力塔可以例如在5至6barabs的压力下运行，低压塔在1.2至1.5barabs的压力下运行。如果低压塔在高于2barabs的压力下运行，通常说该装置“在压力下”或“在高压下”运行。其中该装置在压力下运行的蒸馏过程——无论产生不纯氧气(通常95摩尔％)还是纯氧(通常至少99.5摩尔％)——与传统低压设计相比可以节省大约20％能量，条件是将生成的所有氮气投入使用：
加压设计的应用因此提出两个要求：
·所有氮气必须被利用
·一些氮气必须不纯。
使用在相同低压(LP)下运行的两个空气分离单元(ASUs)并因此具有在小于2巴下运行的低压塔的气态氧(GOX)和气态氮(GAN)的生产可以如下陈述：
就具有几个并联的空气分离单元的生产单元(被称作“多运程(multi-train)”单元)而言，本发明提出将对至少一个运程(train)使用加压设计与对至少一个运程(train)使用低压设计相结合。
所需氮气可以首先由加压组产生，如果需求高于加压组的最大生产，则再由低压组产生。
源自加压组的那部分不纯氮气在低压组中净化或在加压组中使用源自低压组的流体净化和生成。
可以使用来自低压组的残余气体实现加压组的再生。
这种布置可以产生所需量的所需纯度(优选纯)的氮气并通过对一些运程(trains)使用低压设计而在氧气生产中享有一定的节能。
EP-A-2489968描述了根据权利要求1的导言的方法。
根据本发明，将使用其中在最低压力下运行的塔在大于2barabs的压力下运行的至少一组塔(被称作“加压组)。这组优选除一些氧气外还产生所需氮气。
一组包含至少一个由中等压力塔和低压塔构成的双塔，中等压力塔的顶部经由再沸器-冷凝器热连接到低压塔的底部。
一组可选地可包含至少三塔，其由三个塔——中等压力塔、中间压力塔(intermediate-pressurecolumn)和低压塔——构成，中等压力塔的顶部经由再沸器-冷凝器热连接到中间压力塔的底部，中间压力塔的顶部经由再沸器-冷凝器热连接到低压塔的底部。
一组可选地可包含至少三塔，其由三个塔——中等压力塔、中间压力塔和低压塔——构成，中等压力塔的顶部经由再沸器-冷凝器热连接到中间压力塔的底部并经由另一再沸器-冷凝器热连接到低压塔的底部。
根据本发明的一个主题，提供在一种装置中通过低温蒸馏分离空气的方法，所述装置包含：
i)第一组蒸馏塔，其至少包含在被称作高压的第一压力下运行的第一塔和在低于第一压力的第二压力下运行的第二塔，其中第一塔的顶部经由再沸器-冷凝器热连接到第二塔的底部，第一净化单元和第一热交换线路，和
ii)第二组蒸馏塔，其至少包含在低于第一压力的第三压力下运行的第三塔和在低于第一、第二和第三压力的第四压力下运行的第四塔，其中第三塔的顶部经由再沸器-冷凝器热连接到第四塔的底部，第二净化单元和第二热交换线路，其中将压缩空气送往第一净化单元，将净化空气从第一净化单元送往第一交换线路，将冷却空气从第一交换线路送往第一塔，将压缩空气送往第二净化单元，将净化空气从第二净化单元送往第二交换线路并将冷却空气从第二交换线路送往在第三压力下运行的第三塔，
其特征在于将顶部流体(headfluid)从第三塔送往第二塔或将来自第三塔的顶部气体与来自第二塔的顶部气体混合，并将来自第二塔的中间流体送往第三塔。
根据其它任选特征:
-第三压力高于、低于或等于第二压力。
-第三压力等于第二压力并将顶部流体在未将其膨胀的情况下从第三塔送往第二塔和/或将中间流体在未将其加压的情况下从第二塔送往第三塔。
-第三压力大于第二压力并将顶部流体在将其膨胀后从第三塔送往第二塔和/或将来自第二塔的中间流体在将其加压后送往第三塔。
-将气体，可能中间气体，从第四塔送往第一净化单元和送往第二净化单元以用作再生气体。
-没有气体作为再生气体从第二塔送往第一净化单元。
-从第二塔的底部取出富氧流体和从第四塔的底部取出富氧流体。
-从第二塔的顶部取出富氮气体和从第四塔的顶部取出富氮气体。
-在第一塔的顶部不取出富氮气体。
本发明的另一主题提供一种空气分离装置，其包含第一空气分离单元，其包含
i)第一组蒸馏塔，其至少包含能在被称作高压的第一压力下运行的第一塔和能在低于第一压力的第二压力下运行的第二塔，其中第一塔的顶部经由再沸器-冷凝器热连接到第二塔的底部，第一净化单元和第一热交换线路、用于将压缩空气送往第一净化单元的设施、用于将净化空气从第一净化单元送往第一交换线路的设施和用于将冷却空气从第一交换线路送往第一塔的设施，和
ii)第二组蒸馏塔，其至少包含能在低于第一压力的第三压力下运行的第三塔和能在低于第一、第二和第三压力的第四压力下运行的第四塔，其中第三塔的顶部经由再沸器-冷凝器热连接到第四塔的底部，第二净化单元和第二热交换线路、用于将在第三压力下的压缩空气送往第二净化单元的设施、用于将净化空气从第二净化单元送往第二交换线路的设施和用于将冷却空气从第二交换线路送往第三塔的设施，
其特征在于其包含用于将来自第三塔的顶部流体送往第二塔或送往第二塔的顶部气体的设施和用于将来自第二塔的中间流体送往第三塔的设施。
根据其它任选方面，
-所述用于将来自第三塔的顶部流体送往第二塔或送往第二塔的顶部气体的设施不包含膨胀设施和/或所述用于将来自第二塔的中间流体送往第三塔的设施不包含加压设施。
-所述装置包含阀或涡轮机以使从第三塔送往第二塔的流体膨胀和/或泵以将从第二塔送往第三塔的流体加压，所述流体是液体。
-所述装置包含用于将气体，可能中间气体，从第四塔送往第一净化单元和送往第二净化单元以充当再生气体的设施。
-所述装置不包含将来自第二塔的气体作为再生气体送往第一净化单元的设施。
-所述装置包含用于从第二塔的底部取出富氧流体的设施并包含用于从第四塔的底部取出富氧流体的设施。
-所述装置包含用于从第二塔的顶部取出富氮气体的管道和用于从第四塔的顶部取出富氮气体的管道。
-所述装置不包含用于从第一塔的顶部取出富氮气体的管道。
加压组的中等压力塔优选在大于7barabs的压力下运行。
来自加压组的残余氮气使用低压组净化。
实施例:
在这种情况下，可以将平均生产能耗降低10％。
根据图1，该装置包含两组空气分离塔1,2。各组布置在冷箱31,31’中，但这两组可位于同一冷箱内。在组1中有至少一个双分离塔，其包含在被称作高压(HP)的第一压力下运行的第一塔3和在不与所述高压一样高的第二压力下运行的第二塔5，它们经由至少一个再沸器-冷凝器热连接。第一压力(高压)大于7barabs和/或第二压力(低压)大于2barabs。
所示组1的塔3,5通过第二塔5的底部汽化器热连接，其将来自塔3的顶部的氮气冷凝。在压缩机C中压缩的空气9在净化单元E中净化并在交换线路7中冷却。冷却空气至少部分以气体形式至少送往第一塔3并在此以已知方式分离。从第二塔5的底部取出气态氧11并在交换线路7中加热。取自第二塔5的顶部的气态氮13在交换线路7中升温。从第二塔5的中间位取出富氮气流17。
该图是简化的并且没有显示可能存在的(所有)任何过冷却器、泵、增压压缩机或涡轮机。
在组2中，有至少一个双分离塔，其包含在低于高压的被称作中等压力(mediumpressure，MP)的第三压力下运行的第三塔3’和在不与第三压力(“中等压力(mediumpressure)”)一样高的第四压力下运行的第四塔5’。第三压力低于6.5barabs。
组2的塔3’,5’通过塔5’的底部汽化器热连接，其将来自塔3’的顶部的氮气冷凝。在压缩机C中压缩的空气9’在净化单元E’中净化并在交换线路7’中冷却。冷却空气至少部分以气体形式至少送往塔3’，在此以已知方式分离。从第四塔5’的底部取出气态氧11’并在交换线路7’中加热。取自第四塔5’的顶部的气态氮13’在交换线路7’中升温。在第四塔5’的中间位取出残余氮气19。
将源自第二塔5的组1的残余气态氮17送往组2的第三塔3’的上部以利用第三塔3’的这一部分中的过量回流净化。在组2的第三塔3’的顶部以气体形式取出净化的氮气15(还有该第三塔3’“天然”产生的MP氮气)，然后与来自组1的第二塔5的顶部的氮气混合(朝交换线路7)以不扰乱制冷平衡。
组2的残余物19的一部分29用于再生组1的净化E。来自组2的残余氮气19的剩余部分19’用于再生组2的净化E’。
这种备选形式要求组1的第二塔5必须在基本等于组2的第三塔3’的压力下。
在图2的备选形式中，组1的第一塔3在高于7barabs的第一压力下运行和/或第二塔5在高于2barabs的第二压力下运行。
对于组2，第三塔3’在低于6.5barabs的第三压力下运行和/或第四塔5’在低于2barabs的第四压力下运行。
在组2的第三塔3’的顶部可供应的一部分回流液25在阀35中的可能膨胀后送往组1的第二塔5的顶部以净化该残余气体。用于净化该残余氮气的液体17从组1送回组2的塔3’的中间位(可能借助泵)。
由于使用容易泵送而没有太大能量损耗的液体，这一备选形式能将组1中的在最低压力下运行的塔5的压力与组2中的在最高压力下运行的3’解耦。
除这些区别外，图2中的组与图1类似地运行。
在第三塔的第三压力低于第二塔的第二压力的较不可能的情况下，可以使液体17膨胀和通过泵将液体25加压。
这两个图显示两个分离组，各自包含双塔。容易认识到，一组可包含三塔代替双塔。
特别可以考虑组1包含三塔且组2包含双塔的情况。在这种情况下，组1的在最低压力下运行的塔连接到组2的在最高压力下运行的塔上。
此外，该组可包含氩气塔。例如，组2可包含连接到塔5’上的氩气塔。

Claims (13)

1.在装置中通过低温蒸馏分离空气的方法，所述装置包含：
i)第一组(1)蒸馏塔，其至少包含在被称作高压的第一压力下运行的第一塔(3)和在低于第一压力的第二压力下运行的第二塔(5)，其中第一塔的顶部经由再沸器-冷凝器热连接到第二塔的底部，第一净化单元(E)和第一热交换线路(7)，和
ii)第二组(2)蒸馏塔，其至少包含在低于第一压力的第三压力下运行的第三塔(3’)和在低于第一、第二和第三压力的第四压力下运行的第四塔(5’)，其中第三塔的顶部经由再沸器-冷凝器热连接到第四塔的底部，第二净化单元(E’)和第二热交换线路(7’)，其中将压缩空气送往第一净化单元，将净化空气从第一净化单元送往第一交换线路，将冷却空气从第一交换线路送往第一塔，将压缩空气送往第二净化单元，将净化空气从第二净化单元送往第二交换线路并将冷却空气从第二交换线路送往在第三压力下运行的第三塔，
其特征在于：
-将顶部流体(15)从第三塔送往第二塔或将来自第三塔的顶部气体与来自第二塔的顶部气体混合，和
-将来自第二塔的中间流体(17)送往第三塔。
2.如权利要求1中所述的方法，其中第三压力高于、低于或等于第二压力。
3.如权利要求2中所述的方法，其中第三压力等于第二压力并将顶部流体(17)在未将其膨胀的情况下从第三塔(3’)送往第二塔(5)或送往第二塔的顶部气体和/或将中间流体(17)在未将其加压的情况下从第二塔送往第三塔。
4.如权利要求2中所述的方法，其中第三压力大于第二压力并将顶部气体(17)在将其膨胀后从第三塔(3’)送往第二塔(5)或送往第二塔的顶部气体和/或将中间流体(17)在将其加压后从第二塔送往第三塔。
5.如前述权利要求任一项中所述的方法，其中将气体(19,19’,29)，可能中间气体，从第四塔(5’)送往第一净化单元(E)和送往第二净化单元(E’)以用作再生气体。
6.如权利要求5中所述的方法，其中没有气体作为再生气体从第二塔(5)送往第一净化单元(E)。
7.如前述权利要求任一项中所述的方法，其中从第二塔(5)的底部取出富氧流体(13)和从第四塔(5’)的底部取出富氧流体(13’)
8.一种空气分离装置，其包含第一空气分离单元，其包含
i)第一组(1)蒸馏塔，其至少包含能在被称作高压的第一压力下运行的第一塔(3)和能在低于第一压力的第二压力下运行的第二塔(5)，其中第一塔的顶部经由再沸器-冷凝器热连接到第二塔的底部，第一净化单元(E)和第一热交换线路(7)、用于将压缩空气(9)送往第一净化单元的设施、用于将净化空气从第一净化单元送往第一交换线路的设施和用于将冷却空气从第一交换线路送往第一塔的设施，和
ii)第二组(2)蒸馏塔，其至少包含能在低于第一压力的第三压力下运行的第三塔(3’)和能在低于第一、第二和第三压力的第四压力下运行的第四塔(5’)，其中第三塔的顶部经由再沸器-冷凝器热连接到第四塔的底部，第二净化单元(E’)和第二热交换线路(7’)、用于将在第三压力下的压缩空气送往第二净化单元的设施、用于将净化空气(5’)从第二净化单元送往第二交换线路的设施和用于将冷却空气从第二交换线路送往第三塔的设施，
其特征在于其包含用于将来自第三塔的顶部流体(15)送往第二塔或送往第二塔的顶部气体管道的设施和用于将来自第二塔的中间流体(17)送往第三塔的设施。
9.如权利要求8中所述的装置，其中所述用于将来自第三塔(3’)的顶部流体(15)送往第二塔或送往第二塔的顶部气体的设施不包含膨胀设施和/或所述用于将来自第二塔的中间流体送往第三塔的设施不包含加压设施。
10.如权利要求8或9中所述的装置，其包含阀或涡轮机以使从第三塔送往第二塔的流体膨胀。
11.如权利要求8至10任一项中所述的装置，其包含泵以将从第二塔送往第三塔的流体加压，所述流体是液体。
12.如权利要求8至11任一项中所述的装置，其包含用于将气体，可能中间气体，从第四塔送往第一净化单元和送往第二净化单元以充当再生气体的设施。
13.如权利要求8至12任一项中所述的装置，其不包含任何将来自第二塔的气体作为再生气体送往第一净化单元的设施。
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Application publication date: 20160713