CN100451012C - 液态环己烷-三羧酸酐 - Google Patents
液态环己烷-三羧酸酐 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
由通式(1)表示的反式,反式-1,2,4-环己烷三羧酸-1,2-酐;含有此类酸酐的常温下为液体的环己烷三羧酸酐;以及该常温下为液体的环己烷三羧酸酐的制备方法,包括在180℃到300℃下加热和熔融1,2,4-环己烷三羧酸和/或1,2,4-环己烷三羧酸-1,2-酐。该常温下为液体的环己烷三羧酸酐容易处理因此从商业角度上讲其在工业应用中有利地用作,如涂料组合物的原材料或改性剂,粘合剂,成型制品,用于光学半导体、固化剂和聚酰亚胺树脂的密封树脂,增塑剂和润滑油的原材料,医药以及农业化学品的中间体,涂料的树脂材料,调色剂的树脂材料等。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及常温下为液体的环己烷三羧酸酐,其含有具有新型结构的化合物。该液态环己烷三羧酸酐可用作涂料组合物的原材料或改性剂、粘合剂、成型制品、用于光半导体、固化剂和聚酰亚胺树脂的密封树脂、增塑剂和润滑油的原材料、医药和农业化学品的中间体、涂覆树脂的原材料、调色剂树脂的原材料等。
背景技术
最近开发的高亮度蓝色LED和白色LED在显示屏、全色显示器和移动电话等的背光中获得了广泛的应用。作为光电转换器如LED的密封材料,通常使用包括含环氧基的化合物和酸酐固化剂的可热固化树脂组合物,因为其具有极好的无色透明性。作为在密封光电转换器中所使用的含环氧基化合物的固化剂,通常使用脂环族酸酐如甲基六氢邻苯二甲酸酐、甲基四氢邻苯二甲酸酐、六氢邻苯二甲酸酐和四氢邻苯二甲酸酐。在这些酸酐中,主要使用常温下是液体的甲基六氢邻苯二甲酸酐和甲基四氢邻苯二甲酸酐,因为它们容易处理。
作为环己烷三羧酸酐的制备方法,已提出一种方法,其中在极性溶剂中在铑催化剂(其担载于比表面积为940m2/g或更高的活性炭上)的存在下用分子氢氢化偏苯三酸,然后使用酸酐化剂如乙酸酐将在四氢呋喃和/或乙腈溶剂中通过重结晶获得的顺式,顺式-1,2,4-环己烷三羧酸转化成酸酐(专利文件1),还已提出一种方法,其中在含贵金属的氢化催化剂和脂族醇的存在下通过加热将偏苯三酸烷基酯核-氢化成1,2,4-环己烷三羧酸烷基酯,在环丁砜和/或二甲基亚砜溶剂中使所得的酯水解,然后通过酸酐化环化该所获得的1,2,4-环己烷三羧酸(专利文件2)。然而,以上述方法获得的环己烷三羧酸酐都是固体。
因为通过已知方法制备的环己烷三羧酸酐是固体,因此难以处理,此类酸酐通常在溶于溶剂中之后才使用。这使得操作复杂化并需要有时会引起环境污染的干燥步骤。
预期环己烷三羧酸酐会获得许多应用如光半导体的密封树脂,因为其具有极好的无色透明性。然而,已知的环己烷三羧酸酐的固体性质使得其难以处理而限制了应用。
[专利文件1]美国专利5,412,108
[专利文件2]JP 8-325196A
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供易处理的液体的环己烷三羧酸酐。
作为为了以上目的而进行的大量研究的结果,本发明人发现,常温下为液体的含有具有新型结构的环己烷三羧酸酐的酸酐通过在加热下熔融环己烷三羧酸和/或环己烷三羧酸酐而获得。本发明建立在该发现的基础上。
因此,本发明提供具有以下新型结构的环己烷三羧酸酐、常温下为液体的环己烷三羧酸酐、以及它们的制备方法。
(1)由以下通式1表示的反式,反式-1,2,4-环己烷三羧酸-1,2-酐:
(2)常温下为液体的环己烷三羧酸酐,其含有项1中所述的反式,反式-1,2,4-环己烷三羧酸-1,2-酐。
(3)项2中所述的常温下为液体的环己烷三羧酸酐,其具有100Hazen或更小的色值。
(4)项2所述的常温下为液体的环己烷三羧酸酐的制备方法,其包括通过加热在180℃到300℃下熔融1,2,4-环己烷三羧酸和/或1,2,4-环己烷三羧酸-1,2-酐的步骤。
(5)项4所述的常温下为液体的环己烷三羧酸酐的制备方法,其还包括在该加热熔融步骤之后通过蒸馏纯化该环己烷三羧酸酐的步骤。
本发明的最佳实施方式
常温下为液体的环己烷三羧酸酐的原材料可包括1,2,4-环己烷三羧酸和/或固体1,2,4-环己烷三羧酸-1,2-酐。
该1,2,4-环己烷三羧酸能通过苯三羧酸的直接氢化、苯三羧酸酯的氢化、苯三羧酸碱金属盐的氢化等来制备。由这些方法制备的任何1,2,4-环己烷三羧酸能用作常温下为液体的环己烷三羧酸酐的原材料。
同样可用作原材料的1,2,4-环己烷三羧酸-1,2-酐能通过在酸酐化剂如乙酸酐的存在下酸酐化1,2,4-环己烷三羧酸来制备。
如专利文件1中所述,使用酸酐化剂如乙酸酐进行酸酐化而制备的1,2,4-环己烷三羧酸-1,2-酐是固体顺式,顺式-1,2,4-环己烷三羧酸-1,2-酐,其具有154℃到156℃的熔点(mp)并由以下通式2表示:
常温下为液体的本发明环己烷三羧酸酐能通过这样的方法制备,即其包括在加热下熔融上述原材料如1,2,4-环己烷三羧酸的步骤。当1,2,4-环己烷三羧酸用作原材料时,通过在加热下熔融该原材料而发生酸酐化和异构化,然而当1,2,4-环己烷三羧酸-1,2-酐用作原材料时,异构化在各种情况下会获得常温下为液体的环己烷三羧酸酐的混合物。
在加热下的熔融可在常压、减压和加压的任何压力条件下进行,考虑到除去随着酸酐化的进行而产生的水的容易性优选在常压和减压下进行。在加热下的熔融还优选在惰性气体如氮气的气氛下进行,考虑到除去产生的水的容易性优选在惰性气体流中进行。
该在加热下的熔融在原材料如环己烷三羧酸和/或环己烷三羧酸酐熔融的温度下充分地进行。因为酸酐化和异构化在降低的温度下速度较低并且副反应如脱羧很可能发生,所以该在加热下的熔融优选在180℃到300℃,更优选190℃到280℃下进行。
虽然依赖于温度,该在加热下熔融的时间优选在24h内而且考虑到生产效率更优选为0.1h到10h。
该在加热下的熔融可以以间歇方式或者连续方式进行。通过适合地改变在加热下熔融的温度和时间,能够将常温下为液体的该环己烷三羧酸酐的粘度调节在所需的范围内。
在该加热下的熔融步骤之后通过蒸馏来进行纯化能够制备更少着色的常温下为液体的环己烷三羧酸酐。它们色值为100Hazen或更小,优选50Hazen或更小。该Hazen色值可通过分光色度计等来测量。
该蒸馏可以以间歇方式或者连续方式来进行。为了避免目标产物的分解和高沸点产物的形成,最大程度地减小热历史是优选的。可以使用任何简单蒸馏和多塔板蒸馏。
因为能避免目标产物的分解和高沸点产物的形成,该蒸馏压力优选为15mmHg(2kPa)或更小,更优选为10mmHg(1.3kPa)或更小。
通过上述在加热下的熔融,可获得异构化环己烷三羧酸酐的混合物,其包括通式1的反式,反式-1,2,4-环己烷三羧酸-1,2-酐和公开在专利文件1中的通式2的顺式,顺式-1,2,4-环己烷三羧酸-1,2-酐。
能通过HPLC分馏本发明的反式,反式-1,2,4-环己烷三羧酸-1,2-酐并如以下实施例所述通过NMR分析来鉴别其立体结构。
常温下为液体的环己烷三羧酸酐中的反式,反式-1,2,4-环己烷三羧酸-1,2酐的含量为1质量%到100质量%,优选5质量%到95质量%。
可通过纯化方法如柱吸附、蒸馏和萃取从该混合物中分离该反式,反式-1,2,4-环己烷三羧酸-1,2-酐。
因为本发明的环己烷三羧酸酐在常温下为液体,所以其有利地适用于许多工业用途。此外,因为环氧树脂能通过环己烷三羧酸酐固化而不需要固化加速剂,所以它作为固化剂在工业上是有利的。另外,该在常温下为液体的环己烷三羧酸酐的色值能通过纯化来降低,所以其还可用于光学应用。
因此,该常温下为液体的环己烷三羧酸酐适用于需要高透明性的用途,例如适用于光电转换器如发光器件(包括LED和半导体激光器),光电导器件,光感受器如光电二极管、太阳能电池、光电晶体管和光晶闸管,和光耦合器如光电耦合器和光断续器的绝缘密封材料;液晶的粘合剂;感光树脂;塑料、玻璃和金属的表面涂覆剂;和装饰性材料。
该常温下为液体的环己烷三羧酸酐还适用于:可热固化树脂组合物的固化剂,该树脂组合物适于制备形成构成液晶显示器(LCD)的滤色器的保护膜用涂覆液、固体图像传感器如电荷耦合器件(CCD)、或电致发光(EL)器件等。
该含有常温下为液体的环己烷三羧酸酐的可热固化树脂组合物还适用于通过诸如浇注、流延、长丝缠绕和层压的方法形成2mm或更厚的绝缘密封和成型制品。具体来说,此类可热固化树脂组合物适用于重型电气设备如模制互感器(包括电流互感器(CT)、零层电流互感器(ZOT)、电压互感器(PT)和接地电压互感器(ZPT))的绝缘密封;气体开关的部件(包括绝缘隔离片、支柱绝缘子、操作杆、封闭端头、轴衬、绝缘导柱等);固态绝缘子式开关的部件;自动架空导线设备的部件(包括旋转绝缘子、电压检测器元件、通用电容器等);地下电线设备的部件(包括模制切断开关、电力变压器等);静电电容器;树脂绝缘体;和线性发动机车线圈、还适用于各种旋转设备如发电机和马达的线圈用浸渍清漆。此外,本发明的可热固化树脂组合物也可以用于弱电应用,如回扫变压器、点火线圈或AC电容器的浇注树脂;LED、检测器、发射器或光电耦合器的透明密封树脂;和薄膜电容器和各种线圈的浸渍树脂。
除了层压件的生产之外,该常温下为液体的环己烷三羧酸酐还适用于层压件和不必需要绝缘性能的用途,例如,用于生产各种FRP成型制品、各种涂覆材料、粘合剂和装饰性材料的可热固化树脂组合物用固化剂;聚酰亚胺树脂、聚酰胺亚胺树脂、聚酰胺树脂、聚酯树脂和醇酸树脂的原材料和改性剂;增塑剂和润滑油的原材料;医药和农业化学品的中间体;涂覆树脂的原材料;和调色剂树脂的原材料。
将参照以下实施例和对比实施例来详细描述本发明。然而,应该指出的是,本发明范围不限于以下实施例。
在下面的实施例中,使用HPLC和NMR在以下条件下进行对产物的分析、分馏和鉴定。
(1)HPLC分析
设备:由Agilent Technologies,Inc.制造的HP1100(B)。
流动相:正己烷/四氢呋喃=90/10
柱温:40℃
流速:1.0ml/min
样品溶液:大约7000ppm乙腈溶液
注入量:5μl
(2)HPLC分馏
设备:由Shimazu Corporation制造的LC-6A
柱:CAPCELL PAK CN 205μm;20mm×250mm
流动相:正己烷/四氢呋喃=95/5
柱温:室温
流速:10ml/min
样品溶液:8mg/ml乙腈溶液
注入量:1μl
分馏:截取取馏分(Cut)1,Rt=17到19分钟
截取馏分2,Rt=19.5到24分钟
Rt:停留时间
(3)NMR测量
通过二维NMR分析测定平面结构。单独地,质子间的耦合常数(J值)根据去耦方法(R.M.Silverstein,B.C.Bassler,“SpectrometricIdentification of Organic Compound”Thkyo Kagaku DojinCo.,Ltd.)测定以区别轴向质子和赤向质子,从而估计立体结构。
设备:由JEOL,Ltd.制造的JNM-ALPHA-400(400MHz)。
溶剂:截取馏分1:丙酮-d6,DMSO-d6(去耦1H-NMR)
截取馏分2:丙酮-d6
探针:TH5(5mmφ)
方法:1H-NMR,13C-NMR、DEPT135和去耦1H-NMR的单维NMRHUCOSY、HMQC、HMBC和NOESY的二维NMR
实施例1
将100份1,2,4-环己烷三羧酸加入装备有温度计、搅拌器、冷凝器和热控制器的四颈烧瓶中,然后于氮气流中在250℃加热下熔融3h获得浅黄、透明、液态的1,2,4-环己烷三羧酸-1,2-酐。酸酐化度基于起始1,2,4环己烷三羧酸为95%,所获得的液体1,2,4-环己烷三羧酸-1,2-酐的粘度为14.6Pa·s(60℃)。
对所获得的液体酐的HPLC分析显示两个峰(Rt=7.5分钟和8.7分钟)。然后,通过HPLC分馏该液体酸酐获得对应于上述两个峰的截取馏分1和截取馏分2。作为对每个截取馏分的NMR测量结果,截取馏分1具有通式3的平面结构并确定为由通式1表示的反式,反式-1,2,4-环己烷三羧酸-1,2-酐(表1和2),并且截取馏分2具有通式4的平面结构并确定为由通式2表示的顺式,顺式-1,2,4-环己烷三羧酸-1,2-酐(表3和4)。
该液体酸酐含有63.2质量%的反式,反式-1,2,4-环己烷三羧酸-1,2-酐和36.8质量%的顺式,顺式-1,2,4-环己烷三羧酸-1,2-酸酐。
表1
表2
表3
表4
实施例2
通过在10mmHg(1.3kPa)的压力下真空-蒸馏100份实施例1中获得的浅黄,透明液体1,2,4-环己烷三羧酸-1,2-酐,获得89份酸酐化度为99.8%的无色、透明、液体的1,2,4-环己烷三羧酸-1,2-酐。当通过分光色度计JUKI JP-7100F测量时,所获得的1,2,4-环己烷三羧酸-1,2-酐的色值为45Hazen。
对比实施例1
将100份1,2,4-环己烷三羧酸、67份乙酸酐和333份冰醋酸加入装备有温度计、搅拌器、冷凝器和热控制器的四颈烧瓶中。于氮气流中在120℃加热下搅拌该内容物一小时以酸酐化。在冷却到25℃之后,通过过滤分离该沉淀的晶体,于氮气流中干燥该晶体获得白色,固体的1,2,4-环己烷三羧酸-1,2-酐。
对所获得的固体酸酐的HPLC分析显示仅有一个峰(Rt=8.7分钟)。作为NMR测量的结果,该固体酐确定为由通式2表示的顺式,顺式-1,2,4-环己烷三羧酸-1,2-酐。没有检测到由通式1表示的反式,反式-1,2,4-环己烷三羧酸-1,2-酐。
实施例3
将100份在对比实施例1中获得的1,2,4-环己烷三羧酸-1,2-酐(白色固体)加入装备有温度计、搅拌器、冷凝器和热控制器的四颈烧瓶中,然后于氮气流中在250℃加热下熔融3h以获得浅黄、透明、液体的1,2,4-环己烷三羧酸-1,2-酐。
酸酐化度基于起始1,2,4-环己烷三羧酸为99.7%,所获得的液体1,2,4-环己烷三羧酸-1,2-酐的粘度为14.9Pa·s(60℃)。所获得的液体酸酐含有62.5质量%由通式1表示的反式,反式-1,2,4-环己烷三羧酸-1,2-酐和37.5质量%由通式2表示的顺式,顺式-1,2,4-环己烷三羧酸-1,2-酐。
工业实用性
根据本发明方法,能容易地由已知的环己烷三羧酸或它的酸酐制备常温下为液体的环己烷三羧酸酐。因为液体性质和易处理性,该液体环己烷三羧酸酐有利地适用于各种工业用途。
本发明常温下为液体的环己烷三羧酸酐可用作涂料组合物,粘合剂,成型制品,光半导体的密封树脂,可热固化树脂组合物的固化剂,该树脂组合物适于制备形成构成液晶显示器(LCD)的滤色器的保护膜用涂覆液,固体图像传感器(CCD)或电致发光(EL)器件,用于聚酰亚胺树脂、聚酰胺亚胺树脂、聚酰胺树脂、聚酯树脂或醇酸树脂的原材料或改性剂,增塑剂和润滑油的原材料,医药和农业化学品的中间体,涂覆树脂的原材料,调色剂树脂的原材料等。
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