CN100364515C - 具有不同形状内核和外壳的剂型 - Google Patents
具有不同形状内核和外壳的剂型 Download PDFInfo
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- CN100364515C CN100364515C CNB028233727A CN02823372A CN100364515C CN 100364515 C CN100364515 C CN 100364515C CN B028233727 A CNB028233727 A CN B028233727A CN 02823372 A CN02823372 A CN 02823372A CN 100364515 C CN100364515 C CN 100364515C
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Abstract
含有一种活性成分的剂型,其核心具有外表面,是第一形状;外壳具有外表面和内表面,是第二形状,外壳至少包围部分核心,且第一形状与第二形状有很大差别。在一项实施方案中,外壳含有至少约80%的流动性材料,所述材料选自成膜剂、胶凝化聚合物、热塑性材料、低熔点疏水材料、不结晶的糖、不结晶的糖醇及其混合物。在另一项实施方案中,外壳上基本没有直径达0.5-5.0微米的微孔。在另一项实施方案中,内核与外壳分别具有相对于同一参考轴的不同数量的对称平面。在另一项实施方案中,在内核外表面的不同部位的两个点上,从内核外表面到外壳外表面之间的距离是不同的,其差异可大于约125微米。内核、外壳或这两者的组合可含有至少一种活性成分。内核和外壳可分别模塑或压制。内核还可包括一个插入体,其中含有至少一种活性成分。内核的形状可选定为,当外壳破裂时,可改变内核的活性物质的释放,或者可使内核的活性成分的释放状态发生改变。
Description
发明背景
1.发明领域
本发明涉及一种剂型。例如,具有不同形状的内核和外壳的药物组合物。具体来说,本发明涉及至少含有一种活性成分的不同剂型。所述剂型具有一个内核和一个外壳,内核的形状与外壳的形状基本上各不相同。例如,内核和外壳可分别具有相对于同一个对照轴的不同数量的对称轴或不同数量的反射线。内核和外壳外表面,也具有不同的外貌。
2.背景资料
在制药领域中,诸如片剂、胶囊剂和胶囊片(gelcaps)之类的剂型,都是众所周知的。片剂,一般是指,相对是用粉末压制的各种形状的剂型。胶囊剂,标准方法是,用钢杆蘸入水溶明胶液中,在钢杆末端凝结成一层明胶衣壳,待胶液干燥,抽出钢杆脱模塑成半个胶壳,在干燥的胶壳内装入粉状药物,将两半胶壳套紧而制成。(可参见HOWARD C.ANSEL等,“制药剂型以及药物输送方法”(Pharmaceuticaldosage Forms and Drug Delivery Systems)(第7版1999))。
从审美学、稳定性以及易吞咽性等方面来说,薄层包衣的片剂,是无包衣片剂的改进。长形胶囊形的薄层包衣片剂,通常称之为“囊片”。标准的薄层包衣的厚度,一般是约5-50微米。可形成薄层的聚合物有:例如,纤维素醚等。一般来说,这类聚合物或者可在有机溶剂中,或者制成水性分散相,以例如在美国专利号4,973,480和6,113,945中披露的各种常规喷雾方法,用于片剂的制造。各种常规的喷雾程序,可在片剂的表面形成十分菲薄的包衣,以至该包衣片剂仍然可保持与无包衣的片剂(内核)同样的外形。而且,在商品生产方面还无法实现在每一个终端或外表,喷雾不同颜色的包衣层。
糖衣片剂,例如,在各项美国专利号2,925,365、3,420,931、4,456,629和3,361,631中披露的各种糖衣片剂,特别是经过抛光的剂型,例如,采用顶级的carnuba蜡包衣,可获得具有特色的高度的表面光泽,和包衣比薄层包衣较厚的片剂,然而糖衣程序十分费工费时,而且这样制造的包衣具有延迟该剂型分散的缺点。由于糖衣一般都要比薄层包衣厚,具有使糖衣片剂的整个外形所依赖的片剂边缘变成钝圆的作用,因而基本上与无包衣片剂相同。
明胶包衣的片剂,通常称之为胶片剂和胶囊片剂,是明胶胶囊剂的改良剂型。其标准组成是将片剂包裹在一层光滑的明胶壳内。这类胶囊片剂有若干著名的实施例,例如,由McNeil-PPC有限公司的对乙酰氨基酚为基础的各种产品,其商品名为Tylenol。生产这类胶片剂和胶囊片剂的方法是,每次将半数的片剂坯浸入包衣溶液中,该种片剂坯可以具有两种不同的颜色,参见,例如,美国专利号:4,824,524、5,538,125、5,228,916、5,436,026、5,679,406;或者在半途将第一种颜色的片剂坯浸入第二种颜色的包衣溶液中,参见例如,美国专利号:6,113,945。在美国专利号5,942,034和6,195,911中还论述了另外几种对片剂进行浸法包衣的方法和器材。这类方法的另外一个是,将两半胶囊热压配合一个片剂型。参见例如,5,415,868、6,126,767、6,080,426、5,460,824、5,464,631、5,795,588、5,511,361、5,609,010、6,245,350和WO 97/37629。生产胶囊片剂的另一种方法是,通过一种包衣程序,其特征在于,用一付旋转冲模将明胶样材料制成的薄膜贴上片剂的两面,例如,如美国专利号5,146,730和5,459,983所述。
对于胶囊片剂成型的各种常规方法,通常都是采用孤立的器械分批单独进行操作的。这种分批操作一般包括分组进行制粒、干燥、混合、压制(例如,压片)、包膜(例如,放在包衣盘内进行喷雾)、明胶液浸制、封胶囊或包衣、干燥和印刷等操作。经过浸制和包衣程序制成的胶囊片剂和胶片剂,仍然保持起无包衣时的主要外形特性。
胶囊片剂和胶片剂的浸制过程,可经受包衣或外壳厚度,以及包衣或外壳的颜色不均匀性变化的限制。
对于在核心上形成一个外壳的所有上述的各种技术方法,都受制于一个共同的条件,即,外壳的形状一般都须与内核的形状相一致的限制因素。在常规的制胶囊和包衣程序所共有的其他一些限制条件,包括成本和复杂性都很高、包衣或外壳的厚度有限制,以及在两半胶囊和或包衣之间形成接缝的问题等。因而,就有必要探索对于各种用途具有多种功能的剂型,其中包括可输送各种药物、营养分和/或糖膏剂的剂型。所述剂型的优点是,可改善对于不规则形状的物质的可吞氧性,或者对于在市场上有价值的一些独特的和令人愉快的感官品质。
已知可通过压制方法对片剂进行包衣,以产生多层的包衣,或核心和外壳的外形结构。这类包衣的形状可基本上与内核的形状不同,例如,如WO 00/18447所披露的。在商品方面可供使用的包衣压制机械如WO 89/11968所述。经压制方法制造的改良释放方式的剂型如美国专利号5,738,874和6,294,200和WO 99/50219示例。有可能通过压制包衣方法,来产生具有2-部分的外壳,分别具有屏障功能,或缓释性包衣的功能。不过,这类压制包衣的方法,受着外壳的厚度和外壳的组成以及加工成本的限制。例如,Gunsel等在《在药用剂型一片剂》(Pharmaceutical DosageForms-Tablets)(H.A.Lieberman,L.Lachman,J.B.Schwartz编,247-284页,第2版修订和扩编,Marcel Dekker有限公司)一书“压缩涂布片剂和分层片剂(Compression-coated and layer tablets)”中指出了压制包衣外壳的厚度,一般为800-1200微米之间,并且另外还指出,“这种薄膜包衣的形成可以大大抵消干燥包衣的优点,因为采用溶于有机性或水相的溶剂中的薄层材料,就可在短时内对大量片剂进行包衣。”一般,在供压制的包衣材料中必须含有大量可压制性物质。例如,在WO 00/18447中所述的压制的外壳,中采用的微晶体纤维素量可达约30%。
本发明的一个目的是,提供具有一个内核和一个外壳的剂型。其中的内核与外壳的形状基本上各不相同。这是本发明的一个特色,在一项实施方案中,内核和外壳上具有相对于同一对照轴的不同数量的对称平面和反射线。本发明的另一个特色是,在另一项实施方案中,内核具有外表面,外壳具有外表面和内表面,其方式是,在内核外表面的不同的两个点上测定,从内核外表面到外壳外表面之间的距离,是各不相同的,可大于约125微米,优选约125-30,000微米。
本发明的另一个目的是,提供一种剂型或药物组合物,具有带有第一外貌的外表面的一个内核,和带有第二外貌的外表面的一个外壳;其中的第一外貌与第二外貌各不相同。
本发明的还有一个目的是,提供一种剂型或药物组合物,它包括具有外表面的一个内核和具有内表面和外表面的一个外壳。其特征在于,所述外壳至少与部分内核外表面几乎一致,使得外壳内表面上一些凸起和凹陷与内核外表面上主要的主要的凸起和凹陷相吻合。外壳外表面则基本上与内核外表面上主要的凸起和凹陷并不相吻合。
本发明的另一些目的、特色和优点,在本领域中对于本发明在此详尽论述的内容都十分熟悉的技术人员来说,都是显而易见的。
发明概述
在本发明的一项实施方案中,所述剂型包括:至少有一种活性成分,带有第一形状的外表面的一个内核;以及带有基本上不同于第一形状的第二形状的内和外表面的一个外壳。其特征在于,外壳的组成,至少约有80%的可流动性物质,选自成膜剂、凝胶性聚合物、热塑性物质、低熔点的疏水物质、不结晶的糖、不结晶的糖醇及其混合物。并且外壳至少包围部分内核。
在本发明的另一项实施方案中,所述剂型包括:至少有一种活性成分;具有外表面和第一形状的一个内核;和具有外和内表面以及基本上不同于第一形状的第二形状的一个外壳。其特征在于,在外壳上基本上没有直径为0.5-5.0微米的微孔。并且外壳至少包围部分内核。
在本发明的另一项实施方案中,所述剂型包括:至少有一种活性成分;一个内核,具有外表面和第一外貌;以及一个外壳,具有内表面和外表面和基本上与第一外貌不同的第二外貌。其特征在于,第一或第二外貌至少有一个在长、宽或高上有大于约20微米的凹陷或凸起。并且外壳至少包围部分内核。
在本发明的另一项实施方案中,所述剂型包括:至少有一种活性成分;一个内核,具有在长、宽或高上大于约20微米的凹陷或凸起的外表面;一个外壳,具有内表面和外表面。其特征在于,所述外壳至少与部分内核外表面几乎一致,使得外壳内表面上一些凸起和凹陷与内核外表面上主要的凸起和凹陷相吻合。外壳外表面则基本上内核外表面上主要的凸起和凹陷并不相吻合。
在本发明的另一项实施方案中,所述剂型包括:至少有一种活性成分;一个内核,具有凹陷或凸起的外表面;以及至少部分包围内核的一个外壳。其特征在于,外壳具有内表面和外表面和一定的厚度;在内核表面的一个或多个凹陷或凸起,与外壳在一个或多个部位的厚度的比例,:至少约为1∶1。这种外壳上的形状基本与内核外表面的轮廓相一致,即,外壳内表面上的凸起和凹陷与内核外表面上主要的凹陷和凸起相吻合,而外壳外表面则与内核外表面上主要的凹陷和凸起基本上并不吻合。
在本发明的另一项实施方案中,所述剂型包括:至少有一种活性成分;一个第一内核,具有第一外貌的外表面和具有第二外貌的外表面的第二内核。以及具有内表面和外表面及与第一外貌不同的第三外貌的一个外壳。其特征在于,第一、第二和第三外貌至少有一个在长、宽或高上有大于约20微米的凹陷或凸起,外壳至少包围部分内核。
在本发明的另一项实施方案中,所述剂型包括:至少有一种活性成分;分别由具有第一和第二外貌的各个外表面的第一内核部分和第二内核部分组成的一个内核,具有带有第三外貌的外表面的第一外壳;以及具有带有第四外貌的外表面的第二外壳。其特征在于,至少在第三或第四外壳表面的外貌中有一个,不同于下层的内核部分的外貌。在第一第二第三或第四外貌中至少有一个,含有在宽、深或高上大于约20微米的凹陷和凸起。外壳至少包围部分内核。
在本发明的另一项实施方案中,内核和外壳分别都具有相对于同一参考轴的不同数量的对称平面。
在本发明的另一项实施方案中,在内核外表面上的不同的两点,从内核外表面到外壳的外表面的距离是不同的,其差别大于125微米。
在本发明的另一项实施方案中,其距离的差别范围大于125-30,000微米。
在本发明的另一项实施方案中,外壳的重量,小于其中直接压制的填充剂-粘合剂重量的10%。
在本发明的另一项实施方案中,内核外表面起着记录信息的作用,外壳外表面是透明、不完全透明或半透明的。
在本发明的另一项实施方案中,外壳外表面起着记录信息的作用。
在本发明的另一项实施方案中,外壳是透明、不完全透明或半透明的。
在本发明的另一项实施方案中,内核与外壳具有不同的颜色。
在本发明的另一项实施方案中,内核能够用眼观察。
在本发明的另一项实施方案中,内核、外壳或这两者都含有活性成分。
在另一项实施方案中,其中仅内核含有活性成分。
在本发明的另一项实施方案中,所述活性成分是能够分散的。其活性成分的分散过程,符合USP对于含有该种活性成分的即释片剂的规范。
在本发明的另一项实施方案中,,内核含有一种压缩剂型。
在本发明的另一项实施方案中,内核含有一种微电子装置。
在本发明的另一项实施方案中,内核含有一种插入物。
在本发明的另一项实施方案中,所述插入物在至少一个维数上大于内核。
在本发明的另一项实施方案中,至少部分插入物从内核中向外凸出。
在本发明的另一项实施方案中,插入物含有活性成分。
在本发明的另一项实施方案中,其中的活性成分能够分散。其在插入物中含有的活性成分的分散过程,符合USP对于含有该种活性成分的即释片剂的规范。
在本发明的另一项实施方案中,插入物含有微电子装置。
在本发明的另一项实施方案中,外壳外表面质地粗糙。
在本发明的另一项实施方案中,外壳外表面含有预先安排的图样。
在本发明的另一项实施方案中,外壳有一个或多个开口。
在本发明的另一项实施方案中,外壳外表面基本上是平滑的。
在本发明的另一项实施方案中,内核的形状能够在外壳破裂时控制内核所含一种或多种活性成分的释放。
在本发明的另一项实施方案中,所述外壳外表面具有选自球形、卵形、椭圆形及其平面衍生形状的形状。
在本发明的另一项实施方案中,所述剂型是一种单一的内核。
在本发明的另一项实施方案中,内核和外壳分别具有一个主要的对称平面,内核的主要对称平面与外壳的主要对称平面垂直。
在本发明的另一项实施方案中,内核具有一个限定其内表面的孔穴。
在本发明的另一项实施方案中,内核是环形。
在本发明的另一项实施方案中,外壳包括分别具有第一和第二外貌的第一和第二外壳。其第一与第二外貌是不相同的。
在本发明的另一项实施方案中,其第一和第二外壳别都具有外表面,且至少一个外表面包含盲文符号。
在本发明的另一项实施方案中,内核外表面含有凹陷、凹刻、文字、符号或花纹。
在本发明的另一项实施方案中,外壳覆盖部分内核,但不完全覆盖其上的凹陷、凹刻、文字、符号或花纹。
在本发明的另一项实施方案中,第一外壳覆盖了内核上的凹陷、凹刻、文字、符号或花纹,但不完全覆盖内核的其余部分。
在本发明的另一项实施方案中,第二外壳覆盖了内核上的未被第一外壳覆盖的的部分。
在本发明的另一项实施方案中,内核外表面含有文字、符号或花纹形式的凸起。
在本发明的另一项实施方案中,外壳覆盖部分内核,但不完全覆盖凸起部分。
在本发明的另一项实施方案中,第一外壳覆盖凸起部分,但不完全覆盖内核的其余部分。
在本发明的另一项实施方案中,第二外壳覆盖了内核上未被第一外壳覆盖的部分。
在本发明的另一项实施方案中,内核外表面具有凹陷和浮雕的可视信息,而外壳外表面则是透明、不完全透明或半透明。
在本发明的另一项实施方案中,基于外壳组分的总干物质重量,所述外壳含有约25%-80%的成膜剂;约0.10%-33%的增稠剂;和约11%-60%的增塑剂。
在本发明的另一项实施方案中,其剂型还含有第二内核。
在本发明的另一项实施方案中,外壳外表面含有在宽、深或高上大于约20微米的凹陷或凸起。
在本发明的另一项实施方案中,外壳外表面含有预先安排的图案。
在本发明的另一项实施方案中,其中预先安排的图案是盲文符号。
在本发明的另一项实施方案中,其中至少部分外壳中有一个或多个开口。
在本发明的另一项实施方案中,外壳具有多个开口。
在本发明的另一项实施方案中,外壳的多个开口形成预先安排的图案。
在本发明的另一项实施方案中,外壳分别由具有第一和第二外貌的第一和第二部分组成,其第一和第二外貌是不同的。
在本发明的另一项实施方案中,外壳至少部分是透明、不完全透明或半透明的。
在本发明的另一项实施方案中,基于外壳组分的总干物质重量,所述外壳含有约25%-80%的成膜剂;约0.10%-33%的增稠剂;和约11%-60%的增塑剂。
在本发明的另一项实施方案中,外壳基本上没有直径在0.5-5.0微米的微孔。
附图简述
图1A和1B都是本发明剂型的实施例。
图1C是图1A和1B的各个外壳和内核部分的侧面观。
图1D是本发明另一实施例中的各个外壳和内核部分的侧面观。
图2是图1A描述的本发明的一例剂型的进一步描述。
图3是本发明剂型的另一实施例。
图4A和4B是本发明剂型的另一实施例的顶部和横截面观的描述。
图5A-5C是本发明剂型的另一实施例的顶部、横截面和底部观的描述。
图6A-6C是本发明剂型的另一实施例的顶部、横截面和底部观的描述。
图7是本发明剂型的另一实施例。
图8是本发明包含一个插入物的剂型的另一实施例。
图9是本发明剂型的另一实施例的横截面观的描述。
图10是本发明剂型的另一实施例的横截面观的描述。
图11是本发明剂型的另一实施例的侧面观的描述。
图12是本发明另一实施例的侧面观的描述。
发明详述
在此采用的术语“剂型”适用于一切固形物、半固形或液态制剂,设计成含有预定量(即,剂量)的成分,例如,活性成分,其定义如下述。适用的剂型,可以是药物输送装置,包括供口服施用的、颊内含服施用的、直肠内施用的、局部、经皮或经黏膜输送的、,或经皮下移植的,或其他移植药物输送装置;或者,供输送无机物质、维生素以及其它营养物质、口腔护理药物或食用香料之类的制剂。优选,本发明的剂型,可设计为固形物,不过,也可以含有液态或半固态成分。在一项特别优选的实施方案中,其剂型是经口施用将有效药物成分输送入人体的胃肠道的装置。在另一项优选的实施方案中,其剂型是经口施用含有药用活性成分的“安慰剂”的装置,其剂型设计成与专用的药用有效剂型具有相同的外观,例如,可供在临床研究测试方面,例如,对于专用的药物活性成分的安全性和有效性,进行对照之用。供本发明选用的活性成分包括例如,药物、无机物、维生素和其他营养物、口腔护理剂、食用香精及其混合物。适用的药物包括止痛剂、抗炎剂、抗关节炎剂、麻醉剂、抗组胺剂、镇咳剂、抗生素、抗感染剂、抗病毒剂、抗凝血剂、抗抑郁剂、抗糖尿病剂、止呕吐剂、抗胃肠胀气剂、抗真菌剂、止痉挛剂、食欲抑制剂、支气管扩张剂、心血管剂、中枢神经系统药剂、中枢神经系统刺激剂、充血缓解剂、利尿剂、化痰剂、胃肠道药剂、偏头痛制剂、运动系病制剂、黏液溶解剂、肌肉弛缓剂、骨质疏松症制剂、聚二甲基硅氧烷、呼吸系药剂、催眠剂、尿路用药剂及其混合物。
适用的口腔护理剂包括呼气清新剂、齿牙洁白剂、抗微生物剂、齿牙矿化剂、齿牙衰朽抑制剂、局部麻醉剂、黏膜防护剂等。
适用的食用香精包括薄荷醇、胡椒薄荷、薄荷香料、水果香料、巧克力、香兰草、泡泡糖胶香料、咖啡香料、利口酒香料及其组合物等。
适用的胃肠道药剂包括抗酸剂,例如,碳酸钙、氢氧化镁、氧化镁、碳酸镁、氢氧化铝、重碳酸钠、二羟铝钠碳酸酯;刺激性松弛剂,例如,比沙可啶、波希鼠李皮、1,8-二羟恩醌、番泻叶、酚酞、蓖麻籽油、蓖麻籽油酸和脱氢胆酸及其混合物;H2受体拮抗剂,例如,法莫替丁(famotadine)、雷尼替丁、西咪替丁(cimetadine)、尼扎替丁;质子泵抑制剂,例如,奥美拉唑或兰索拉唑;胃肠道细胞防护剂,例如,硫糖铝(sucraflate)和米索前列醇;胃肠道前动力剂,例如,普卡比利(prucalopride);对于幽门螺杆菌的抗生素,例如,克拉霉素、阿莫西林、四环素和甲硝哒唑;抗下痢剂,例如,苯乙哌啶和洛哌丁胺;甘吡咯溴;止呕吐剂,例如,昂丹司琼;镇痛剂,例如,氨水杨酸(mesalamine)。
在本发明的一项实施方案中,其中的活性成分可选自比沙可啶、法莫替丁(famotadine)、雷尼替丁、甲腈咪胍、普卡比利、苯乙哌啶、洛哌丁胺、乳糖分解酶、氨水杨酸(mesalamine)、铋、抗酸剂,以及上述材料药学上可接受的盐、酯、异构体及其混合物。
在另一项实施方案中,其中的活性成分可选自镇痛剂、抗炎症剂、退热剂:例如,非类固醇型的抗炎症药物(NSAIDS),包括丙酸衍生物,例如,异丁苯丙酸、甲氧萘丙酸、酮苯丙酸等;乙酸衍生物,例如,消炎痛、双氯芬酸、舒林酸、托美丁等;灭酸的衍生物,例如,甲灭酸、氯甲灭酸、氟灭酸等;biphenylcarbodylic acid衍生物,例如,二氟尼柳、氟苯柳等;以及昔康类,例如,吡罗昔康、舒多昔康、伊索昔康、美洛昔康等;在一项特别优选的实施方案中,其活性成分选自丙酸衍生的抗炎症性药物,例如,异丁苯丙酸、甲氧萘丙酸、氟二苯丙酸、非诺洛芬、吲哚洛芬、吲哚苯丙酸、酮苯丙酸、氟苯丙酸、吡洛芬、卡洛芬、氧苯丙酸、普拉洛芬、舒洛芬及其药学上可接受的盐、衍生物,以及组合物。在本发明的另一项实施方案中,其活性成分可选自对乙酰氨基酚、乙基水杨酸、异丁苯丙酸、甲氧萘丙酸、酮苯丙酸、氟二苯丙酸、双氯芬酸、环苯扎林、美洛昔康、罗非昔布、塞来昔布及其药学上可接受的盐、酯、异构体及其混合物。
在本发明的另一项实施方案中,其活性成分可选自伪麻黄素、苯基丙胺、去甲麻黄素、氯苯吡胺、美沙芬、苯海拉明、阿司咪唑、特非那定、非索非那定、氯雷他定、地氯雷他定(desloratadine)、多西拉敏(doxilamine)、去甲阿司咪唑、西替利嗪及其混合物和药学上可接受的盐类、酯类、异构体及其混合物。
适用的聚二甲基硅氧烷,包括但是不限于二甲硅油和西甲硅油,如美国专利号4,906,478、5,275,822和5,103,260所披露。在此采用的术语“西甲硅油”所指的是,广泛范围的聚二甲基硅氧烷,包括但是不限于西甲硅油和二甲硅油。
在剂型中含有的或多种成分具有治疗有效量,这是在经口服用时可产生理想的治疗反应的用量,在本领域的熟练技术人员都很容易进行确定。在确定这种用量时,据本领域所知,须考虑确定具体的活性成分、该活性成分的生物可利用特性、其剂量分配、患者的年龄和体重以及其它各类因素。在一项实施方案中,该种剂型按重量计,至少约为25%,例如,一种或多种活性成分至少约为50重量%。
在有几项实施例中,最好能够修改活性成分的释放量,据本领域所知,至少是有部分的活性成分,可能任选地由可改变释放量的包衣所包裹。适用的可改变释放量的包衣的实施例,在美国专利号4,173,626、4,863,742、4,980,170、4,984,240、5,286,497、5,912,013、6,270,805和6,322,819中都有论述。优选,其微粒包衣约有10-100重量%(根据包衣的重量计算)是由薄膜材料所组成;任选其多孔成膜剂在包衣材料的重量中最多约占50重量%;以及任选诸如可塑性材料之类的佐剂或赋形剂最多约为30重量%等。再本领域的熟练技术人员中众所周知的,进行微粒包衣所采用的常规包衣技术,包括微包装技术,例如,共凝聚技术、喷雾干燥技术和流化床包装技术,包括回旋包装法和Wursterr式包装法。也可采用商品供应的改变释放的活性成分。从而,一种或多种活性成分全部或部分都可采用可改变释放的材料进行包衣。
在本领域中众所周知,如果活性成分有一股不良滋味,而剂型却是供咀嚼或在口腔内经溶解分散后再吞咽的,那么该种活性成分就要采用滋味掩蔽的包衣方法进行包装。适用的滋味掩蔽包衣方法,在美国专利号4,851,226和美国专利号5,075,114,以及美国专利号5,489,436中都有论述。也可采用商品供应的滋味掩蔽型的活性成分。例如,在本发明中采用共凝聚技术,用纤维素乙基酯或其他聚合物包装的对乙酰氨基酚微粒。论述如下。
本发明的内核材料,可采用任一种适用的方法进行制造。包括例如,压制法或脱模法。根据所选用的制造方法,一般都包括除了活性成分之外,还有赋形剂(即,可使所加工的内核或剂型具有理想的物理特性的非活性成分)。
在采用压制法制造内核材料大各项实施例中,适用于供压制法的赋形剂,包括填充剂、粘合剂、崩解剂、润滑剂、助流剂等。
适用的填充剂包括水溶性可压制性碳水化合物,例如糖类,其中包括右旋糖、蔗糖、异麦芽糖、果糖、麦芽糖和乳糖;聚右旋糖、糖-醇,其中包括甘露醇、山梨醇、异麦芽酚、麦芽糖醇、木糖醇、赤澡塘醇;淀粉水解产物包括糊精和麦芽糊精等;水溶性塑性变形材料,例如微晶体纤维素或其他纤维素性衍生物;水溶性脆性碎裂材料,例如磷酸二钙、磷酸三钙等及其混合物。
适用的粘合剂包括干式粘合剂,例如,聚乙烯吡啶、纤维素羟丙基甲基酯等:湿式粘结剂,例如,水溶性聚合物,包括水性胶体,例如,藻酸盐、琼脂、胍尔豆胶、刺槐豆、角叉菜胶、tara、阿拉伯胶、黄芪胶、果胶、植物黄质、结冷胶(gellan)、麦芽糊精、半乳糖甘露聚糖、pusstulan、海带多糖、硬质葡聚糖、阿拉伯胶、菊粉、果胶、whelan、rhamsan、菌胶、methylan、几丁质(聚乙酰氨基葡萄糖)、环式糊精、脱乙酰几丁质(聚氨基葡萄糖)、聚乙烯吡啶、纤维质、淀粉等及其衍生物和混合物。
适用的崩解剂包括淀粉钠羟乙酸酯、交联聚乙烯吡啶、交联式梭甲基纤维素、淀粉、微晶体纤维素等。
适用的润滑剂包括长链脂肪酸及其盐,例如,硬脂酸镁和硬脂酸、滑石粉和蜡。
适用的助流剂包括胶体性二氧化硅等。
本发明的所述剂型还可包含药学上可接受的佐剂,包括例如,防腐剂;高强度的甜味剂,例如,天门冬氨酰苯丙氨酸甲酯、钾磺胺甲基乙酸酯、环己烷氨基磺酸酯、邻磺酰苯甲酰亚胺、三氯半乳蔗糖等;以及其它甜味剂。例如,dihydroalcone、甘草甜味剂、MonellinTM、甜菊苷、TalinTM等;食用香精、抗氧化剂、表面活性剂和染色剂。
在其中的活性成分能够理想地被动物吸收入全身循环系统的几项实施例中,其一种或多种活性成分优选在与诸如水、胃液、肠液之类的液体接触之后,能够溶解分散。在一项实施方案中,其中的活性成分的分解特性,符合USP对于含有该种活性成分的即释性片剂的规范要求。例如,对于对乙酰氨基酚类的片剂,USP 24中详细规定,在pH 5.8的磷酸盐缓冲液中,采用USP装置2(搅拌桨)以50转/分的速度测定,表明在投药之后30分钟之内,其剂型中含有的对乙酰氨基酚至少有80%被释放出来。对于异丁苯丙酸类的片剂,在USP 24中详细规定,在pH 7.2的磷酸盐缓冲液中,采用USP器械2(搅拌桨)以50转/分的速度测定,表明在投药之后60分钟之内,其剂型中含有的异丁苯丙酸至少有80%被释放出来。参见USP 24,2000修订版,19-20和856(1999)。在另一项实施方案中,其中的活性成分都已经过修改,例如,采取了控制、维持、扩充、限制、延长或阻滞等措施。
对于本发明的所述剂型的全面了解,可参见图1A和1B。在图1A中,对于剂型10的描述是,其中包括一个外壳18(可以是脱模的外壳),其形状是,包围一个内核12(可以是脱模的内核或压制的内核或硬性或软性的胶囊或者任何一种基本上是实心的可食用的物体)的外表面。内核的形状与外壳18不同。图1B显示了一种可供选择的剂型10’,其中包括一个外壳18’(可以是脱模的外壳),具有一种包围一个内核12’(可以是脱模的内核或压制的内核或硬性或软性的胶囊或者任何一种基本上是实心的可食用的物体)的外表面的形状。内核的形状与外壳18’不同。内核12’含有一个插入物14’(在此另有论述)。应当注意,如图1A和1B所示的内核和外壳的形状只是为了阐明,而决不意味着是对于本发明的限制。
在本发明的第一项实施方案中,本发明的所述剂型中的内核和外壳的形状,基本上都是各不相同的。在此采用的术语“基本上不同”的形状是指,据本领域中有经验的技术人员的眼观辨认判定,都具有不同数量的边缘,或即使具备同等数量的边缘,那么这些边缘相交的角度也是不同的,或者,这些边缘的曲率也是不同的。因而,在所述剂型的任何一处横截平面上,外壳外表面与内核外表面在两个维度方向上的轮廓的几何形态是各不相同的。
在本发明的一项优选的实施方案中,因为内核和外壳相对于同一参考轴的对称平面的数量各不相同,因而这两者基本上不同的形状很容易区别,凡是在本领域的有经验的技术人员,都完全可以进行辨认。在此采用的术语“对称平面”是指可通过一个指定的目标绘制的平面,在该平面每一边上的该目标的各部分,相互形成镜面形象。这一名称也可指“映象线”或“镜面线”。在所述实施例中,选定一条指定的参考线(称为X轴线)。如果在内核上具有的相对于该X轴的对称平面的数量,不同于在外壳上具有的相对于该X轴的对称平面的数量,那么就可认为,内核与外壳的形状是不相同的。
例如,图1A所描述的按照本发明的剂型,是由一个处于外壳18内的一个内核12所组成。外壳18的形状是一个椭圆体或一个卵球状体。单一连续的侧面或面20,是该球状体的外面。相反,内核12则具有两个端面22和24。图1C是该剂型从外壳18观察端面22的端面观(在本实施例中从端面观这是一个圆形)。如图1C所示,内核12另外具有一个顶面和一个底面26和28,两个侧面30和32。还有一些中间面,34、36、38、40、42、44、46和48。采用Z中心线作为参考轴线,其中外壳18相对于该Z轴线,就有无限数量的对称平面或镜面线。对于外壳18,平面Z1(虚线所示)就是这样一条镜称线。然而,对于内核12则平面Z1不是镜称线。因而,内核12与外壳18的形状基本上是不相同的。
在本发明的另一项实施方案中,例如,如图1D所示,外壳并不需要有一个圆形的横截面,从而,在外壳上,也并没有相对于中心线的无限数量的对称平面或镜称线。具体来说,在图1D中,描述了外壳118的端面观(在本实施例中,外壳从端面观察呈卵形),以及内核112的端面122的端面观。内核122另外具有一个顶面和一个底面126和128,两个侧面130和132。还有一些中间面,134、136、138、140、142、144、146和148。采用Z中心线作为参考轴线,其中外壳18相对于该Z轴线,就有两个对称平面或镜面线Z2和Z3。而内核112相对于该Z轴线,则具有四个对称平面或镜面线Z2、Z3、Z4和Z5。因而,内核112与外壳118的形状基本上是不相同的。
在本发明的另一项实施方案中,外壳、内核或这两者都没有对称平面。在所述实施例中,外壳与内核的形状基本上是不相同的。
在本发明的另一项优选的实施方案中,内核与外壳形状的基本差别,很容易进行区分。因为定位在内核外表面上不同的两个点处,测量从内核外表面到外壳外表面的距离是不同的。其距离的差别要大于约125微米,优选在约125-20,000微米范围,最优选约150-10,000微米。“测量的距离”在此是指,内核外表面的一个点与外壳外表面的一个点接触时所放射的一条向量线。例如,在图2中,从内核外表面上一个点到外壳外表面上一个点的向量线R1的延伸距离A。同样,从内核外表面上一个不同点到外壳外表面上一个不同点的向量线R2的延伸距离B。距离A与距离B之间的差大于125微米,较好约为125-30,000微米,更优选约为125-20,000微米,最优选约为150-10,000微米。因而,内核与外壳具有基本上不同的形状。
在本发明的另一项实施方案中,内核具有外表面并带有第一外貌;外壳具有内表面和外表面和带有与第一外貌不同的第二外貌的外表面。其特征在于,第一或第二外貌中至少有一个包括在宽、深或高上大于约20微米的凹陷或凸起。并且外壳至少包围部分内核。
在本发明的一项实施方案中,如图1A和1B所描述,外壳是透明、不完全透明或半透明的。透过外壳能够用眼观察内核。在这类实施例中,内核外表面能够显示记录的信息,透过外壳就可以观察到。在另一些实施例中,外壳外表面能够显示记录的信息。
在本发明的另一项实施方案中,内核外表面可含有若干浮雕(凸起的)或凹刻(凹陷的)的花样,例如,文字或图案或标识符号。例如,内核外表面可含有凹陷、阴雕、文字、符号或花纹。
在本发明的另一项实施方案中,外壳可覆盖部分内核。例如,内核可含有凸起的图案。外壳可仅覆盖不含有凸起图案的部分,而使其凸起的图案部分暴露可见。
在本发明的另一项实施方案中,外壳可覆盖部分内核,但是基本上未曾覆盖内核上的凹陷、凹刻、文字、符号或花纹。
在本发明的另一项实施方案中,第一外壳覆盖了内核上的凹陷、凹刻、文字、符号或花纹,但不完全覆盖内核的其余部分。
在本发明的另一项实施方案中,第二外壳覆盖了内核上的未被第一外壳覆盖的部分。
在本发明的另一项实施方案中,第二外壳外表面可显示记录的信息。
在本发明的另一项实施方案中,外壳外表面可以具有一种结构。
在本发明的另一项实施方案中,外壳外表面可能含有预先安置的图案。
在本发明的另一项实施方案中,外壳外表面可能含有预先安置的图案。
在本发明的另一项实施方案中,外壳外表面可能含有一个或多个开口。
在本发明的另一项实施方案中,外壳并不完全包围内核。例如,内核可能具有一个或多个凸起,可凸出于外壳。
内核(基质)可能是一种固体或半固体型。内核可以采用适合的方法制成。例如,内核可以是压制的剂型,或者,也可以模塑。在此采用的“基质”一词是指,一个表面,或者,一个下方支撑物,其上安置有另一种物质,或者可供操作。‘内核’一词是指,至少部分被另一种材料包封或包围的材料。据本发明的目的,这类术语可以交换使用。例如,“内核”这一术语,还可用于指,“基质”。较为适宜的是,内核是由固体材料所组成,例如,该种内核可以是压制或模塑成的片剂、硬质或软质的胶囊剂、栓剂或糖果形式,如止咳糖、奶油杏仁糖、饴糖、软糖或脂肪基组合物。在其它实施例中,在最终剂型中,内核可以是半固体或液态形式。
在一项实施方案中,内核可以具有一个或多个主要的面。内核可以具有各种不同的形状。例如,在一项实施方案中,内核可以具有平头锥体的形状。在另外一些实施例中,内核可以具有多面体的形状,例如,立方体、角锥体、棱柱体等。或者可以具有非平面的几何体轮廓,例如,追体、圆柱体、球形体、圆环面等。可采用的内核形状的范例包括由压制工具的形状所形成的片剂的形状。如“伊丽莎白公司片剂设计培训手册”所论述(伊丽莎白碳化物冲模公司,第7页(McKeesport,Pa.)(已经收录在此供参考),列述如下(片剂的形状反转与压制模具的形状相一致):
1.浅凹面形。
2.标准凹面形。
3.深凹面形。
4.特深凹面形。
5.修改的球形。
6.标准凹面形对开。
7.标准凹面形双对开。
8.标准凹面形欧洲对开。
9.标准凹面形部分对开。
10.双放射形。
11.斜面形和凹面形。
12.平面形。
13.平面斜边形(F.F.B.E.)。
14.平面斜边形对开。
15.平面斜边形双对开。
16.环形。
17.旋涡形。
18.椭圆形。
19.卵圆形。
20.胶囊形。
21.矩形。
22.正方形。
23.三角形。
24.六角形。
25.五角形。
26.八角形。
27.菱形。
28.箭头形。
29.子弹形。
30.桶形。
31.半月形。
32.盾形。
33.心形。
34.杏仁形。
35.家用盘碟形。
36.平行四边形。
37.梯形。
38.图8/柱钟形。
39.蝴蝶结形。
40.不正三角形。
内核表面基本上是平滑的,即,可以具有微观水平的凹陷或凸起,其宽、深或高不超过约20微米。或者,内核表面可以具有结构,即,可以具有较大的凹陷或凸起,其宽、深或高可超过约20微米,例如,大于约50微米,或大于约100微米,甚至大于约1000微米。,其凹陷或凸起的宽、深或高可达到约30,000微米,例如,可达到约2,000微米。在一些实施例中,其特征在于,内核具有结构,内核外表面可以具有浮雕(隆起)或阴雕(凹陷)的图案。例如,在内核外表面可以含有各种凹陷、凸起、凹雕、符号,或者如图形或标识活字的花纹。
在本发明的一项实施方案中,内核是压缩剂型:即,采用粉剂制成的片剂。这种粉剂优选包含一种活性成分,并且任选包含赋形剂,例如,粘结剂、崩解剂、润滑剂、填充剂等作为常规成分,或者,其粉剂中可含有其他药用或非药用的微粒物质,例如,供制片剂用的非活性的安慰剂混合物、糖果混合物等。在待批的一份美国专利申请,系列号为09/966,493,4-11页,较详细地论述了一种特种制剂,其中含有活性成分、粉型蜡(例如,虫胶蜡、微晶体蜡、聚乙二醇等),以及任选崩解剂或润滑剂。其公开部分已经在此上收录以供参考之用。
内核包含可采用任何方法来制造的一个次级小核(也可称为“插入物”),例如,可以采用压制法或模塑法来制造。其中可任选含有一种或多种活性成分。
内核或次级内核,可任选至少部分由压制、模塑或喷雾制成的次级包衣所包裹。然而,在一项优选的实施方案中,内核可以基本上不含有次级包衣,即,在内核外表面与外壳的内表面之间,没有次级包衣形成。
在本发明的一项实施方案中,本发明的剂型包含由各种粉型物质混合制成一个内核,其粉型物质的平均粒度大小为约50-500微米,例如约100-500微米。在一项实施方案中,其活性成分的平均粒度大小约为50-500微米,例如约100-500微米。在另一项实施方案中,至少一种赋形剂的平均粒度大小50-500微米,例如约为100-500微米。在这样的一项实施方案中,一种主要的赋形剂,即含有至少占内核重量50%的赋形剂具有的平均粒度大小约为50-500微米,例如约100-500微米。这种粒度大小范围,对于直接压制过程特别适用。在本发明的一项优选的实施方案中,内核可以采用直接压制法制造。
在本发明这样的一项实施方案中,内核是用基本上不含水溶性聚合物和水合性聚合物直接压制的片剂。这类制剂的优点在于,能够使这种剂型维持一种即释性的溶解状态,并可尽量减少加工过程和用料量的成本,以及提供最适宜的物理学和化学的稳定性。
在项实施例中,内核是用直接压制法制造的各项实施例中,组成内核的材料,例如,其一种或多种活性成分、赋形剂,优选用其干性粉剂一起混合,再送入压制机中压制成内核。各种适用的压制器械都可以采用,包括例如,滚筒式压制机,例如,chilsonator或滴剂滚筒机,或常规的片剂压制法。较好的是,采用本领域中众所周知回旋式压片机法将内核压制成型。在该种回旋式压片机中,将粉型材料定量充填入其中的冲模腔内,当“冲模盘”从充填部位旋转至冲压部位时,其粉型材料就在上下冲压头之间被压成片形,然后,再转到落料部位,大由下冲压头将成型的片剂推出冲模腔。这种直接压制程序,能够大大减少或免除采用水溶性的无糖型聚合性粘合剂,例如,聚乙烯吡啶、藻酸盐、羟丙基纤维素。
在一项优选的实施方案中,由各种压制方法制造的内核及其器械,在待批的美国申请材料系列号09/966,509第16-27页中已经作了论述,该材料已经收录在此以供参考之用。明确地说,该种内核是采用回转式压模机制造的,该压模机是由充填区、插入区、压制区、落料区和净化区几部分组成,一种具有双排冲模结构的器械如图6的美国申请系列号09/966,509所示。其压制模的冲模盘,优选采用真空方式进行装填,其装填器可分别设置在每一个冲模内或其附近。压制模中的净化区包括一个任选的粉型材料回收器,以回收从装填器洒落的剩余粉料,并将该剩余的粉料送回冲模器内。
在另一项实施方案中,采用湿式制粒法制造内核。其中是将一种或多种活性成分、相应的赋形剂以及湿式粘合剂的溶液或胶体分散相(例如,水煮淀粉糊或聚乙烯吡啶溶液)一起混合,进行制粒程序。对于这种湿式制粒方法适用的器械包括低剪切机(low shear)例如,行星式混合机、高剪切混合机和流体床,包括回旋式流体床。制成的颗粒物要进行干燥处理。可任选采用另外一些成分进行干式混合处理。例如,佐剂和/或赋形剂,例如,润滑剂、染色剂。最后,这种干性的混合物就可适用于按上述该节中的方法进行压制成型。
各种直接压制方法以及湿式制粒程序,都是本领域众所周知的。并且在例如,Lachman等的工业化制药业的理论和实践(第3版1986)第11章中已有详尽论述。
在另一项实施方案中,内核是采用待批的美国专利申请材料,系列号09/966,450第57-63页所述的方法和器械,进行热固性模塑成型法制造而成的。其材料已经收录在此以供参考。在所述实施例中,内核的成型方法,是将流动性的原材料注入一个模具腔中。原材料优选包括一种活性成分、一种热固性材料,在高于该热固性物质的熔点而低于该活性成分分解的温度条件下进行模塑成型。这种原材料就可在具有一定形状(即,模子的形状)的模具腔内冷却并固结。
按照这套方法,其原材料必须是流动型的。例如,其中可包含悬浮于熔融基质中的固体微粒。这种原材料可以是完全的熔融物,或是糊状物。其中可以含有溶于熔融物质中一种活性成分。或者,这种原材料可以将一种固体物质溶于溶剂中,待其溶解之后,将该溶剂蒸发而制成。
在另一项实施方案中,内核是采用所述的方法通过热循环模塑法而制成。其方法和器材,在美国专利申请材料系列号09/966,497第27-51页中已有论述。该份材料已经收录在此以供参考。在所述实施例中,内核是将流体原材料注入加热的模具腔内而成型的。其原材料优选包含一种活性成分,以及可耐受高于该热塑性材料的固定温度,而低于该活性成分的分解温度的热塑性材料。使该原材料在模具腔内冷却而固结成型(即,具有与模子同样的形状)。
其原材料可以包含任何可食用物质,最优选将其与各种活性成分(例如,过去对于内核所论述的各种活性成分)、营养品、维生素、无机物、香味剂、甜味剂等一起成型。较好的是,原材料内包含一种活性成分和一种热固材料。这类热固性材料可以是可在约37-250℃温度条件下流动的,以及温度在约10℃-35℃的固体或半固体的任何可食用物质。优选的热固性材料包括水溶性聚合物,例如,聚亚烷基二醇、聚环氧乙烷及其衍生物;以及蔗糖酯;脂肪,例如,可可脂、氢化植物油,例如,棕榈仁油、棉籽油、向日葵籽油和大豆油;游离脂肪酸及其盐;甘油一酯、甘油二酯和三酸甘油酯;磷酸脂;蜡,例如,carnuba蜡、鲸蜡、蜂蜡、小蜡烛树蜡、虫胶蜡、微晶体蜡和石蜡;含脂肪混合物,例如,巧克力;无定型玻璃样糖,例如,用于制造硬糖果的材料;超饱和溶液糖,例如,用于制造软糖的材料;低水分聚合物溶液,例如,明胶混合物;以及水分含量约30%的其他水样胶体,例如,用于制造“树胶型”糖果的材料。在一项特别优选的实施方案中,其中的热固性材料是脂肪与甘油一酯或甘油二酯的混合物。
在另一项实施方案中,内核可以是一种中空型内核。例如,内核可以是一种空心的胶囊外壳。或者是,一种中空的内核,可以例如,采用模塑法制造。在这样一种方法中,是将流动性材料注入模具腔内,其内腔的温度可使在制造中的内核外表面(与模子相接触的部分)开始硬化或固化。然后,采用适宜的方法,例如,一种活塞泵,将内核中心部的仍然流动的剩余材料从该模具倒出。在另一种这样的方法中,可采用一种空心的胶囊作为次级内核,再采用本领域众所周知的方法,例如,喷雾包衣法、浸渍包衣法或热力循环模塑法,在待批的美国专利申请材料,系列号09/966,497第27-51页中都有论述,该材料已经收录在此以供参考。
在美国专利申请材料,系列号09/966,497第27-51页中论述的热循环模塑法方面,其所采用的模具,如图3所示。该热循环模塑法的模具200包括一个转轴202,其周围环绕一组模具单体204,该种热循环模塑用的模具单体的结构包括一个容器206(见图4),用于收容制造内核用的流动性材料。此外,这种热循环模具组上设置一个温度监控器,能够快速调节模具单体的加热或冷却。在图55和56中描述了这种温度监控器600。
在所述实施例中,该模具组优选包含一个中心模具组件底座212,一个模具组件上盖214,如图26C所示。两者相扣合形成具有内核形状的一个模具腔。内核用的流动性材料,在收容器206内加热到流动状态,再注入该扣合的模具腔内。然后使内核流动性材料的温度降低,并硬结成型。就可将该模具组件开启,倒出成型的内核。
在本发明的有些实施例中,内核还可采用任何方法,例如,喷雾法、压制法或模塑法,加上一层次级包衣。在本发明的另一些实施例中,该类内核基本上可以不含这种次级包衣。
在本发明的另一项实施方案中,内核至少部分含有一个或多个插入物。这类插入物可以制成任何的形状和大小。例如,可以制成具有不规则形状的插入物,即,不止具有一个轴对称的形状。插入物也可制成圆柱形。插入物可以采用常规方法,例如,平盘法或压制法制成。在一项优选的实施方案中,该种插入物是采用上述的热固性方法和器材制造,如在待批的美国专利申请,系列号09/966,450,第57-63页所论述。
在本发明的一项实施方案中,其插入物的平均直径可以约是100-1000微米。在本发明的另一项实施方案中,其插入物的平均直径或粗细,可以是内核的平均直径或粗细的约10%-90%。在本发明还有另一项实施方案中,内核中可以包含一个或多个插入物。
在另一项实施方案中,其插入物的平均直径、长度或粗细,可以大于内核的直径或粗细约90%。例如,插入物的平均长度,可以大于内核的粗细约100%。
在本发明的另一项实施方案中,内核,其插入物(如果用的话),或者这两者,都可包含一个微电子装置(例如,一种电子“芯片”),可用作一种活性成分,或者用以对于输入的信号发生反应,来监控在内核或插入物中各种活性成分的释放速度。这类微电子装置的例子如下:
(1)一种整合的自控翻译性治疗装置,其中包括一组生物传感器、一组电子反馈和药物/感应释放装置,整装完好。这类装置可以免除遥感勘测和人的直接干预;并且,例如,在www.chiprx.com/products.html中作了公开披露。该资料已经收录在此以供参考;
(2)一组微型化的诊断影象器,其中包括一个可吞入体内的胶囊,其内装有一套电视摄象机。例如,已经在www.givenimaging.com/usa/default.asp中公开披露。该资料已经收录在此以供参考;
(3)一组装入皮下的葡萄糖监控器,其中包括一组可植入或可插入的传感器装置,以供监控肠液内的葡萄糖浓度变化。并与在体外的检测器和数据贮存器相联系。这类装置已经公开披露,例如,www.applied-medical.co.uk/glucose.htm,并且已经收录在此以供参考;
(4)一组微型显示的可视辅助装置,以胶囊装入一套人工眼内晶体组中。该装置中包括一个电控的接受器,以回收数据和同步信号,以及与互补金属氧化物半导体(CMOS)驱动器电路相结合的一个微型化发光二极管倒装晶片,以及一组微型光学装置。这类装置已经公开披露,例如,http://ios.oe.uni-duisberg.de/e/,并且已经收录在此以供参考;该微型装置从设置在眼外,可发射数字式黑白图象的高动力范围的互补金属氧化物半导体摄影机,传来的比特流+能量的无线信号。该种数字式黑白图象可由一种数字式信号数据获取处理器(DAP)将其转变为系列比特流,其数据传递速度约是每秒1兆字节。其影象是发射在视网膜上;
(5)一组微型芯片,对于视黄斑部变性或其他视网膜疾病的患者,可用于刺激损伤的视网膜细胞,使其将视觉信号输向大脑。该种芯片的大小为2毫米×25微米,其中含有约5,000个太阳能微电池(“微型光二极管”),各有其本身的刺激电极。这类微型光二极管,可将发自影象的光能,转化为可刺激视黄斑变性(AMD)和RP患者的视网膜内的其他功能性细胞的电化学脉冲。这类微型芯片已经公开披露,例如,www.optobionics.com/artificialretina.htm,并且已经收录在此以供参考;
(6)供乳腺活检用的一次性“新式刺针”装置,能够实时显示结果。这套装置可装上标号20-21的一次性针头,与计算机相连接,可将针头刺入可疑的病变部位。这种装置可测量氧分压、电阻抗、温度以及光散射和吸收特性,包括还原性血红蛋白、血管形成过程和组织密度。由于这种装置通过6次同时测定具有良好的精确性及其实时性质,可以期望获得的精确性水平超过利用内核针头的活体检验程序,并可达到与外科手术活检相媲美的高度精确性水平。此外,如果检出了癌症,该种装置还可配置相应的治疗方案,例如,癌症标记法、激光热疗法、低温冷冻法、药物疗法和放射性播种法。这类装置已经公开批披露,例如,www.bioluminate.com/description.html,并且已经收录在此以供参考;
(7)个体用的紫外线记录器,这是工具级的装置,可用于测量和记录紫外线暴露情况,可装入手表面上,也可作为一种贴片戴上。
本发明的外壳(或包衣)可以包括可进行模塑的任何材料,例如包括成膜剂、低熔点疏水材料、胶凝化聚合物、增稠剂、热塑性聚合物、不结晶的碳水化合物、增塑剂、佐剂和赋形剂。
在本发明的一些优选的实施方案中,外壳是模塑而成的,在这类实施例中,外壳是选用流体材料制成。这类流体材料可以是能够在约37℃-250℃温度条件下流动,而在约10℃-35℃温度下形成胶凝体的固体或半固体的任何可食用物质。当这类流动性材料在液态或流动状态时,可包含一种溶解的或熔融的成分,以及任选的溶剂,例如,水或有机溶剂或其组合。溶剂可通过干燥部分或基本上全部除去。适用的流动性物质包括成膜剂或水性胶体物;热塑性材料;低熔点疏水材料,例如,脂肪或蜡;不结晶的碳水化合物等。在一项实施方案中,外壳优选包含至少约50%,更优选至少约80%,最优选至少约90%的选自成膜剂、胶凝化聚合物、热塑性材料、低熔点疏水材料、不结晶的糖或糖醇及其混合物的物质。在另一项实施方案中,外壳优选包含至少约50%,更优选至少约80%,最优选至少约90%的流动性材料,所述材料选自成膜剂、胶凝化聚合物、低熔点疏水材料及其混合物。
在本领域所知的任何一种成膜剂,都适宜于供本发明所用的可流动性的外壳材料。适用的成膜剂包括但是不限于聚乙烯醇(PVA)、羟丙基淀粉、羟乙基淀粉、支链淀粉(pullulan)、甲丙基淀粉、羧甲基淀粉、甲基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素(HPC)、羟乙基甲基纤维素(HEMC)、羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)、羟丁基甲基纤维素(HBMC)、羟乙基乙基纤维素(HEEC)、羟乙基羟丙基甲基纤维素(HEMPMC)、甲基丙烯酸与甲基丙烯酸酯的共聚物、聚乙烯醇与聚乙二醇的共聚物、聚环氧乙烷与聚乙烯吡啶的共聚物、明胶、蛋白质,例如,乳清蛋白质、可凝固的蛋白质,例如,白蛋白、酪蛋白和酪蛋白的分离物、大豆蛋白质以及大豆蛋白质的分离物、预胶凝化的淀粉、薄膜形成性变性淀粉及其聚合物、衍生物和混合物。
一种适用的羟丙基甲基纤维素化合物(HEMPMC)是“HPMC-2910”,这是一种纤维素酯,其置换率约为1.9,以及一个羟丙基克分子置换率为0.23,并含有(以该化合物的总重量计)约29%-30%的甲氧基基团,以及约7%-12%的羟丙基基团。这种HPMC-2910在Dow化学公司有以METHOCEL E名称的商品供应。METHOCEL E5是HPMC-2910的适宜于供本发明所用的一个品级。据采用Ubbelohde黏度计测定,其2%的水溶液在20℃时的黏度约为4-6cps(4-6毫帕斯卡尔-秒)。同样,HPMC-2910的适宜于供本发明所用的另一个品级METHOCEL E6,据采用Ubbelohde黏度计测定,其2%的水溶液在20℃时的黏度约为5-7cps(5-7毫帕斯卡尔-秒)。HPMC-2910的适宜于供本发明所用的还有另一个品级METHOCEL E15,据采用Ubbelohde黏度计测定,其2%的水溶液在20℃时的黏度约为15000cps(15毫帕斯卡尔-秒)。再次采用的“置换率”一词的含义是,配属于无水葡萄糖环上的置换基团的平均数。“羟丙基克分子置换率”一词的含义是,每克分子无水葡萄糖中的羟丙基的克分子数。
适用的聚乙烯醇与聚乙二醇的共聚物是BASF有限公司以商品名KOLLICOAT IR供应的物质。
在此采用的“变性淀粉”一词包括经过交联方式变性、以化学方式进行变性,来提高其稳定性或使其性能最优化或者,以物理学方式进行变性,来提高其溶解度性质或最优化其性能的淀粉。以化学方式变性的淀粉在本领域是十分熟悉的,一般可包括经化学方式处理而使其部分羟基基团,被酯或醚基团置换的淀粉。在此采用的交联方式可在变性淀粉中发生,其中是相邻淀粉分子上的各羟基基团形成化学链接。再次采用的“预胶凝化淀粉”一词,或“调制淀粉”一词是指,进行预先加水润湿然后再干燥的变性处理,以提高其在冷水中的稳定性。适用的变性淀粉的范例,有各家商号有商品供应,例如,A.E.Staley制造业公司和国立淀粉和化学公司。有一种适用的薄膜形成性淀粉包括就是由国立淀粉和化学公司以PURITY GUM和FILMSET两种商品名称供应的预胶凝化蜡质玉米衍生的淀粉及其衍生物、共聚物和混合物。这种蜡质玉米淀粉一般都含有(依淀粉的总重量计)约0-18%的直链淀粉,以及约100%-88%的支链淀粉(胶淀粉)。
另一种适用的薄膜形成性变性淀粉,包括羟丙基化淀粉,通常已经通过环氧丙烷的处理,其中有若干淀粉的羟基基团已经被羟基基团酯化。适用的具有薄膜形成性质的羟基化淀粉的范例是,由谷类加工公司以商品名PURE-COTE B790供应的产品。
适用于作为成膜剂的木薯糊精,包括国立淀粉和化学公司以商品名CRYSTAL GUM或K-4484供应的产品及其由国立淀粉和化学公司以商品名CRYSTAL GUM40供应的衍生物及其共聚物和混合物。
适用于作为本发明的流体材料的在本领域中众所周知的任何增稠剂。这类增稠剂的范例包括但是不限于水性胶体(在此也指胶凝化聚合物),例如,藻酸盐、琼脂、胍尔豆胶、刺槐豆、角叉菜胶、tara、阿拉伯胶、黄芪胶、果胶、植物黄素、结冷胶、麦芽糊精、半乳糖甘露聚糖、pusstulan、昆布多糖、硬化葡聚糖、阿拉伯胶、菊粉、果胶、whelan、rhamsan、zooglan、甲醇糖(methylan)、甲壳多糖、环式糊精、脱乙酰壳多糖、黏土、凝胶化淀粉,例如,酸性水解淀粉及其衍生物和混合物。另外适用的增稠性水性胶体物包括低水分聚合物溶液,例如,明胶与其他水分含量约为30%的水性胶体的混合物,例如,用于制造“含胶体的”糖果的材料。另外适用的增稠剂包括可结晶性碳水化合物等及其衍生物和组合物。适用的碳水化合物包括单糖和寡糖。就单糖而言,有己醛糖,例如,阿洛糖(葡萄糖的立体异构体)、右羟己糖(阿卓糖)、葡萄糖、甘露糖、古洛糖、艾杜糖、半乳糖、塔罗糖的右旋型和左旋型的异构体;以及己酮糖,例如,果糖和山梨糖的右旋型和左旋型的异构体及其氢化的同系物:例如,优选的是,葡萄糖醇(山梨醇)和甘露醇。在寡糖方面,优选的有,蔗糖和海藻糖之类的1,2-双糖;麦芽糖、乳糖和纤维二糖之类的1,4-双糖;以及龙胆二糖和蜜二糖之类的1,6-双糖;以及三糖类的蜜三糖;还有蔗糖的异构体,即isomaltulose及其氢化的类似物isomalt。还原性双糖(例如,麦芽糖和乳糖)的其他氢化物型,例如,麦芽糖醇和乳糖醇,也都是优选的。此外,戊醛糖的氢化物型,例如,右旋型和左旋型的核糖、阿拉伯糖、木糖和来苏糖;以及丁醛糖的氢化物型,例如,优选的有,右旋型和左旋型的赤藓糖和苏糖,其代表类型分别是木糖醇和赤藓糖醇。
在本发明的一项实施方案中,其流体物质是一种胶凝化聚合物明胶。明胶是一种天然的热胶凝化的聚合物。这是一种无味无色,通常可溶于温水中的白蛋白衍生性蛋白质的混合物。一般采用的明胶有两种类型-A型和B型。A型明胶是由经酸处理的原材料所产生,B型明胶是由经碱处理的原材料所产生。明胶的水分含量及其Bloom强度,组成和原始明胶加工条件,决定了其在液态和固态转换过程的温度状况。Bloom是胶态明胶强度的一个标准量度,大体与其分子量相关。其定义是,一个半英寸直径的塑料栓子,沉入6.67%胶态明胶(保持在10℃17小时)中4毫米的重量克数。在一现优选的实施方案中,该流体材料是一种水溶液,,其中含有,20%的275 Bloom猪皮胶、20%的250 Bloom骨胶和约60%的水。
适用的植物黄素胶,包括由C.P.Kelco公司供应的产品,其商品名是:KELTROL1000、XANTROL 180或K9B310。
适用的在加热时能够模塑成型的热塑性材料包括水溶性以及水不溶性两种聚合物,其性状通常都是线性无交联的,在相邻的聚合物链之间没有强力的氢键结合。适用的热塑性材料包括在化学方面变性的纤维素,例如,羟丙基纤维素(即C)、羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)、甲基纤维素(MC)、纤维素乙酸酯(EC)、纤维素乙酸丁酸酯(CAB)、纤维素丙酸酯;乙烯聚合物,例如,聚乙烯醇(PVC)和聚乙烯吡啶(PVP);热塑性淀粉;天然的和在化学方面变性的蛋白质,例如明胶、大豆蛋白质性分离物、乳清蛋白质、肌原纤维蛋白质和取自乳类的酪蛋白酸盐性蛋白质及其衍生物和混合物。其他适用的热塑性材料包括无定型玻璃样糖,例如,用于制造硬质糖果的材料。
适用的黏土包括蒙脱石,例如,膨润土、高岭土和laponite;三硅酸镁、硅酸铝镁等及其衍生物和混合物。
在此采用的“酸水解性淀粉”一词,是指在低于该种淀粉的凝胶化温度点时,用一种稀酸处理该淀粉的悬浮液,而形成的变性淀粉。在酸性水解过程中,在淀粉悬浮液中保持着该类淀粉的颗粒形态。待其达到所需的水解程度时,采用中和方法使水解反应终止,再过滤并干燥。其结果,该类淀粉聚合物的平均分子量减小。这类酸水解处理的淀粉(也可称为“稀糊淀粉”)的热黏度会大大低于同种天然淀粉,而当冷却过程则大大倾向于凝胶状态。
在此采用的“凝胶化淀粉”一词,包括化入水中并加热至足以形成溶液的温度,再冷却至低于该种淀粉的凝胶化温度点而形成凝胶的淀粉。凝胶化淀粉的范例包括但是不限于酸水解性淀粉,例如,由Grain Processing公司以商品名PURE-SET B950供应的产品;由Grain Processing公司以商品名PURE-GEL B990供应的产品及其混合物。
适用的低熔点疏水材料,包括蔗糖-脂肪酸酯,例如,可可脂;氢化的植物油,例如,棕榈仁油、棉籽油、向日葵籽油、游离脂肪酸及其盐;甘油一酯甘油二酯和甘油三酸酯;磷酸脂;蜡,例如,carnuba蜡、鲸蜡、蜂蜡、蜡大戟蜡、虫胶蜡、微晶体蜡和固体石蜡;以及巧克力之类的含脂肪混合物。
适用的不结晶的碳水化合物,包括不结晶的糖,例如,聚右旋糖、;淀粉水解物,例如,葡萄糖糖浆、玉米糖浆和高果糖玉米糖浆;以及不结晶的糖醇,例如,甘露醇糖浆。
适用的其他流体材料包括超饱和糖溶液,例如,用于制造软糖的材料。
利用模塑法制造内核和外壳的流体材料,可任选包含佐剂或赋形剂,可占该流体材料的约20%。适用的佐剂或赋形剂包括增塑剂、增黏度剂、保湿剂、表面活性剂、抗沫剂、着色剂、香料剂、甜味剂、不透明剂等。在一项优选的实施方案中,在流体材料中可包含不到5%的保湿剂,或基本上不含保湿剂。例如,甘油、山梨醇、麦芽糖醇、木糖醇或丙二醇。保湿剂在惯例上可包含在包衣程序使用的预制成形的薄膜内,例如美国专利号5,146,730和5,459,983公开发表的,以保证在操作过程使薄膜具有足够的柔韧性或可塑性和粘合。保湿剂的功能就是与水相结合,并将水分保留在薄膜内。在包衣工序使用的预制摸一般含有45%的水分。其不利因素是,保湿剂的存在会延长干燥过程,还会对于成品剂型的稳定性产生不良作用。
在制药业领域都知晓的任何增塑剂,都适宜于供本发明选用。其中可包括但是不限于聚乙二醇;甘油;山梨醇;柠檬酸三乙酯、癸二酸二丁酯;植物油,例如,蓖麻籽油;表面活性剂,例如,聚山梨醇酯、硫酸月桂酯钠和磺基琥珀酸二辛基酯钠;丙二醇;甘油一乙酸酯;甘油二乙酸酯;甘油三乙酸酯;天然香口胶;及其混合物。在溶液中,含有一种纤维素酯成膜剂,可以任选含有,按溶液的总重量计约为0%-40%的增塑剂。在有些实施例中,外壳基本上不含有增塑剂,即,含有少于约1%,或者少于约0.01%的增塑剂。
在本发明一项优选的实施方案中,剂型的成品外壳材料中至少包含有约80%,优选至少有约90%的选自成膜剂、凝胶化聚合物(水样胶体)、热塑性材料、低熔点疏水材料、不结晶的糖及其混合物的物质。本发明的这类外壳的可以采用注射模塑法制造成型,其优点在于,能够减省或消除采用直接压制成型法需要用的填充剂-粘合剂,例如,微晶型的纤维素、喷雾干燥的乳糖、磷酸钙之类的无机盐、蔗糖之类的结晶性糖和右旋糖粘合剂等。这类材料的缺点是,能够损害成品外壳的清晰度和稳定性。本发明的这类外壳,优选包含有,少于约10%,甚至是,少于约1%或者少于约0.1%的直接压制法用的填充剂-粘合剂。因而,本发明的这类外壳,就比压制法的包衣外壳大有改进,据直接压制法的包衣外壳的公开发表的资料,例如,在WO 00/18447中表明,其中一般至少包含有约30%的直接压制用的填充剂-粘合剂。
在本发明的另一项优选的实施方案中,外壳中包含的任何组成成分,都在待批的美国专利申请材料,系列号__[代理案编号MCP320]中有所论述,在此已经引为参考材料。
在本发明的另一项优选的实施方案中,外壳中包含的任何组成成分,都在待批的美国专利申请材料,系列号__[代理案编号MCP320]中有所论述,在此已经引为参考材料。
在本发明的另一项优选的实施方案中,其流体材料包含一种成膜剂,例如,一种纤维酯,例如,羟丙基甲基纤维素;或者一种变性淀粉,例如,蜡质玉米淀粉;任选一种增容剂,例如,聚碳水化合物,例如,麦芽糊精;任选增稠剂,例如,一种水样胶体,例如,植物性黄质胶或角叉菜胶或糖类如蔗糖;任选一种增塑剂,例如,聚乙二醇、丙二醇;植物油,例如,蓖麻籽油;甘油;及其混合物。
在本发明的还有另一项优选的实施方案中,外壳材料中含有,根据外壳组分的总干固体重量计算,约25%-80%,或者约50%-75%的成膜剂,例如,化学变性的淀粉,例如羟丙基淀粉;约0.10%-33%,例如约0.15%-1%,或者约10%-25%的增稠剂:以及约11%-60%,例如约0%-40%的增塑剂。
在一项实施方案中,其特征在于,其中的成膜剂是化学变性的淀粉,其增稠剂可选自κ或ι角叉菜胶、麦芽糊精、结冷胶、琼脂、凝胶化淀粉及其衍生物和混合物。
在一项实施方案中,其特征在于,其中的成膜剂是化学变性的淀粉,其增稠剂可选自甘油、丙二醇、聚乙二醇、糖醇及其衍生物和混合物。
在本发明的其他有些优选的实施方案中,其中的外壳材料中基本上不含有明胶,即,仅含有少于约1%或少于约0.01%的明胶成分。
在其他有些实施例中,其中的外壳材料中基本上不含有牛源性物质,即,仅含有少于约1%或少于约0.01%的牛源性物质成分。
在本发明的一项优选的实施方案中,其中包裹内核的外壳,是采用一种流体材料,通过一种热循环方法和器材加工成型的。在待批的美国专利申请材料,系列号09/966,497第27-51页中有论述,该公开材料已经在此列为参考资料。在所述实施例中,其加工外壳采用的热循环模塑法所用的模具组的基本外形,如图3所示。该种热循环模塑法的模具组200的组成是,在一个转轴周围,绕有一组单体模子204。该热循环模塑法的单体模子包括一个盛料器206(参见插图4),可用于盛放制造外壳用的流体材料。此外,在该热循环模塑用的模具上还安装有温度监控器,可用以调节单体模子的快速加热或冷却。图55和56就是对于这种温度控制器600的描述。
其热循环模塑用的模具组优选如图28A所示的,在待批的美国专利申请材料系列号09/966,497论述的类型,是由一套单体模子204组装而成。该种单体模子的结构可分成上、中、下三个部分,即,模子上配件214、可转动的模子中配件212和模子下配件210,如图28C所示。将若干内核连续不断地输入各个模子配件腔内,并将模子盖好。将装在盛料器206中的流体材料加热而成为流动状态,并将其注入由各部配件扣合而成的模子腔内。然后这种外壳流体材料的温度就逐渐下降,并且逐渐硬化。再将模子配件打开,将已经包裹为壳的内核取出。在一项特定的实施例中,包衣程序分两个步骤,按图28B的如待批的美国专利申请材料系列号09/966,497所示的作业流程图,通过可转动的模子中配件,分别对内核的每一半,进行包衣处理。
在另一项实施方案中,外壳可采用如待批的美国专利申请材料系列号09/966,450第57-63页所述,采用热固性模塑法进行制造。
本发明的外壳可以具有不均匀的厚度,即,在外壳各部位的厚度不同。通常的外壳厚度,在任何部位,较好可以是约20微米-30,000微米,例如约50-500微米,或约50-125微米;或者,约100-1000微米,例如,100-400微米;或者,约500-30,000微米,例如约500-2,000微米。
在一项实施方案中,本发明的外壳的优点优选,具有高度光泽的表面。这种外壳和/或成品的剂型,在采用下述的方法进行测量,优选至少约是150个光泽单元,例如,至少约175个光泽单元,或至少210个光泽单元:
可采用由TriCor Systems有限公司(Elgin,IL)供应的商品名为TRI-COR805A/806H型表面分析器的仪器,以及通常可按照如“TriCor体系WGLOSS3.4805A/806H型表面分析器参考手册”所述的操作方式,来测试剂型的表面光泽度。除了如下的修改部分外,该手册已经在此列为参考资料。
该种仪器使用一种电荷耦合器(CCD)型摄影机检测器,一具平面扩散光源,将片剂的样本与参考标准品进行比较。,以60度的入射角来测定其平均光泽度值。在此操作过程中,该仪器会发射一个灰度色标图象,其特征在于,其发生的较为明亮的象素表明,在该指定部位的光泽度较高。
该种仪器还配有一套软件,可采用一种编组方法进行光泽度的定量测定:即,而将具有相同亮度的象素一起编组以求得其平均值。
“满标度率”或“满意率”设定(也可指“样本分组率”设定),是用户用以指明可认为是一组与该组内平均的域限以上最明亮的象素部分。在此采用的“域限”一词的定义是,不包括在平均光泽度值计算范围的最大的光泽度值。因而,在对于一份样本的平均光泽度计算过程,须排除其背景或无光泽区域的值。可以采用在此引为参考资料的有2002-03-28在www.colorcon.com公开的K.Fegley和C.Vesey的“片剂的形状对于高光泽度薄膜包衣系统的作用”一文所提供的方法,来减少由于不同的片剂形状所造成的影响,并以各企业际可进行比较的公制方式进行比较。(选用50%的样本编组设定,可以对于片剂表面的粗糙程度的测量数据达到最大的近似值)。
采用标准的标度参考板(190-228;294度标准;无屏蔽,转度0,深度0)对该仪器初步标定之后,就可确定标准的表面光泽度测定范围。例如,采用由McNeil-PPC有限公司以商品名EXTRA STRENGTH TYLENOL GELCAPS(超强度泰诺凝胶包衣)供应的凝胶包衣片剂,可以得到标准的表面光泽度。据对这种凝胶包衣片剂的样本112进行测定,采用25毫米全视野屏蔽(190-280),按如下条件设定仪器:
回旋度:0
深度:0.25英寸
光泽度域限:95
满标度率:50%
折射指数:1.57
对于参考标准品测定的平均表面光泽度值是269。
对于各种剂型,用户都优先选用具有高度表面光泽的,这种类型在审美方面显得高雅,而且在吞咽方面还感觉良好。决定外壳表面光泽程度的有好多因素,包括外壳的组成成分、外壳成型的制造方法,如果是使用了模具,其表面是由模具形成的。
在本发明的剂型中,在内核、外壳、其插入物或其组合中,都可以含有一种或多种活性成分。在本发明的一项实施方案中,只有内核含有一种或多种活性成分。在本发明的另一项实施方案中,只有外壳含有一种或多种活性成分。在本发明的还有另一项实施方案中,只有插入物含有一种或多种活性成分。在本发明的还有另一项实施方案中,内核和外壳都含有一种或多种活性成分。在本发明的还有另一项实施方案中,一个或多个内核、外壳或插入物可以含有一种或多种活性成分。
在本发明中使用的模塑的内核、外壳或插入物,优选基本上没有直径在0.5-5.0微米以上的微孔。在此采用的“基本上没有”一词的含义是,第一种模塑的材料中的微孔容量小于约0.02厘米3/克,优选小于约0.01厘米3/克,更优选小于约0.005厘米3/克,微孔的直径范围在0.5-5.0微米。一般在压制型材料中,在这样的微孔直径时,其微孔容量要超过约0.02厘米3/克。关于微孔容量、微孔直径及其密度,都可以选用被称为“Porowin”的Quantanchrome Instruments PoreMaster 60汞侵入孔隙率计和辅助性计算机软件程序进行测定。存Quantachrome Instruments PoreMaster操作手册内有这方面的记载。这种PoreMaster仪器是利用一种无水的液态物质(汞)的侵入作用,来测定固体或粉型材料中的微孔容量和微孔直径。其步骤是,将样本放入样本盒(透度计)内,对盒内抽成真空并充满汞液,将样本浸没,并利用如下方法使样本盒内形成压力:(i)压缩空气(最大达到50磅/英寸2(psi);和(ii)液压(油)发生器(最大达到60000磅/英寸2)。再利用在压力作用下,汞从样本外进入微孔内的容量变化,来测定其侵入容量。直接从所谓“Washburn公式”计算受到侵入的相应微孔的直径(d)大小:d=-(4γ(cosθ)/P)。其中,γ是液态汞的表面张力;θ是汞与样本表面接触的角度;而P是所采用的压力。
用于测量微孔容量的仪器有:
1.Quantachrome Instruments PoreMaster 60
2.称重能力为0.0001克的分析天平
3.干燥器。
用语测定用的试剂:
1.高纯度氮
2.三度蒸馏的汞液
3.高压用液(Dila AX,由Shell Chemical公司供应)
4.液氮(用于汞蒸汽冷却收集器)
5.异丙醇或甲醇,用于样本盒的清洗
6.液态洗涤剂,用于样本盒的清洗。
操作程序:
将样本密封包装或高燥器内供分析。干燥器内供分子。开启真空泵,对汞蒸汽收集器充入氮气。,将压缩气体调节至55磅/英寸2,开启该仪器,待其热机至少30分钟。按透度计仪器手册所述,将空的透度计小盒装入,并记录其重量。小盒是在低压状态下安装,从分析采单中选定“真空和只要充满”条件,设定条件按如下步骤:
精密真空时间:1分钟
精密真空率:10
粗略真空时间:5分钟
再将小盒(注满汞液)取出并称重。然后将小盒的汞液倒空在汞收容器内。每份样本各取两个片剂,放入小盒内,再将小盒装好。然后称量并记录小盒与样本的重量。将小盒安装在低压状态下,其低压条件从菜单选项中选定,设定参数如下:
状态: 低压
精密真空率: 10
精密真空度直至:200微米汞柱
精密真空时间: 10分钟
充填压力: 接触+0.1
最大压力: 50
终末压力: 60,000
方向: 侵入和排除
复制: 0
汞液接触角度: 140
汞液表面张力: 480
然后开始收集数据。在屏幕上显示出压力对累积容量-侵入曲线。在低压分析完成之后,从低压状态下将小盒取出并重新称重。在汞液面上的空隙部分注满液压用油料,将小盒盖好,再按装如高压室内。采用如下设定条件:
状态: 定量
电动机速度: 5
起始压力: 20
精密真空率: 10
精密真空度直至: 200微米汞柱
精密真空时间: 10分钟
终末压力: 60,000
方向: 侵入和排除
复制: 0
油料充填时间长度:5
汞液接触角度: 140
汞液表面张力: 480
然后开始收集数据,并在屏幕上显示出压力对侵入容量的绘制曲线。在高压运行完成之后,将同一样本的低和高压数据文档合并处理。
在本发明的另一项实施方案中,内核包裹有一层或多层外壳,其相互之间,可以凭眼观辨别,或者其组成或功能各不相同。在此采用的术语“组成方面不同”之意是,通过定性或定量的化学分析、物理学测试或者用眼观察,很容易进行辨别区分。例如,在第一和第二外壳,可以含有不同的成分,或者同一成分的不同剂量,或者,在第一或第二外壳,可以具有不同的物理学或化学特性、不同的功能特性或者不同的眼观形象。其在物理学或化学特性方面的不同的范例是,可包括亲水性、疏水、吸湿性、弹性、可塑性、可拉伸强度、结晶性和密度等。其在功能特性方面不同的范例,可包括该材料本身或其中的活性成分的溶解率和/或程度、该材料的分解率、对于其活性成分的渗透能力、对于水或水性介质的渗透能力等。其眼观区别的范例,包括大小、形状、轮廓或其他几何特性、颜色、色调、不透明性和光泽度。在这洋的一翔实施例中,第一和第二外壳材料可以是,相互的眼观区别,例如,其具有眼观区别的部分,可以是,其颜色、色调、光泽度、反射性质、亮度、深度、颜色深浅度、色彩浓度、不透明度等。例如,外壳可以具有红色的部分和黄色的部分,或一个平坦的磨光部分和平滑部分,或者一个不透明部分或透明部分。在这样的另一项实施方案中,在第一和第二外壳,可以包含不同的着色剂、不透明剂、薄膜形成剂等。在这样的另一项实施方案中,第一和第二外壳可以具有不同的功能。例如,第一外壳可以具有一种扩散膜的功能。通过其上的一些微孔,液体就可进入该剂型内,其内部的内核部分可释放出溶解的药物。在一项优选的实施方案中,外壳可以具有一种扩散膜的功能,该剂型中的药物就可以有控制的、延长的、持续不变的、长期的释放出来。在这类实施例中,其对于主体外壳中药物分散过程的时间动力学,可以遵循零、一或平方根的顺序。第二外壳,例如,可以具有侵蚀基质的功能,从其中向第二外壳分散的药物,可通过在该外壳的表面连续分层的溶解作用而分散。
在本发明的另一项实施方案中,外壳可以包含两层外壳,每一层的外壳各有其外貌轮廓。例如,在一项特别优选的实施方案中,第一外壳上具有穿孔或孔洞,而第二外壳则具有平滑表面,并无穿孔或空洞。在另一项实施方案中,第一外壳具有凹陷,而第二外壳则具有平滑的外表面,而并无凹陷。
在本发明的另一项特别优选的实施方案中,其一层或全部两层外壳外表面都具有“盲文点字”,可供盲人识别其剂型内容。
本发明的所述剂型,在内核上,还可具有规则的或不规则的,连续的或不连续的,若干层包衣或外壳结构(即,不同的部分或形式)。例如,可制成呈类似高尔夫球的若干凹坑型的外壳。或者,在一个内核的圆周形部分可以包裹一种流体材料,而其余部分则包裹另外的流体材料。还有另外一种不规则性外壳的实施例,是包围内核的无包衣部分的不连续的包衣层。
在内核上还可以制成若干浮雕型或阴雕形(具有文字、符号等形状)。在任一种情况下,对于无浮雕或无阴雕的内核表面,或者有浮雕或阴雕的表面,都可以选用包衣材料。在一项实施方案中,第一层包衣材料(或外壳),可用于包裹内核的无浮雕或无阴雕的表面,而不是其有浮雕或阴雕的表面;第二层包衣材料(或外壳),是用于包裹其有浮雕或阴雕的表面。可任选能够进行眼观区别的第一和第二包衣材料。
或者,在内核上可以只包裹其部分,其余部分则不进行包裹。
在一项优选的实施方案中,本发明提供的剂型,包含的内核具有至少包围其部分的注射模塑的外壳。
在另一项优选的实施方案中,本发明提供的剂型,包含的内核具有至少配置在其部分的经热循环模塑的外壳材料。
在另一项优选的实施方案中,本发明提供的剂型,包含的内核具有至少配置在其部分内核上的经热固性模塑的外科材料。
在另一项优选的实施方案中,本发明提供的剂型,包含一种活性成分,其剂型是采用流体材料模塑而成,并且该剂型具有不多于一个的对称平面。
在本发明的另一项优选的实施方案中,其剂型的内核包含一个外貌不规则的平滑外壳。其标准的压制型片剂,都是具有规则外貌,即,平滑的表面,可以具有在宽、深或高方面不超过约20微米的微观水平上的凹陷或凸起。在此采用的术语“不规则外貌”一词是用于指具有在宽、深或高上大于约20微米、优选大于约50微米、更优选大于约100微米、最优选大于约1000微米的凹陷或凸起的内核。在所述实施例中,该剂型中包围内核的外壳外表面可制成高度规则而平滑,尽管内核并非如此。该实施例中的剂型,一般都包含有在表面上具有凹陷或凸起的一个内核,有一层具有一定厚度的外壳包围。其特征在于,其一个或多个凹陷或凸起与外壳上的一个或多个部位的厚度之比,至少约是1∶1,例如,至少是约2∶1,或者至少约3∶1。一旦包裹了包衣层,其剂型的厚度和直径的相对标准偏差,一般不会大于约2%,优选不大于约1%,最优选不大于约0.35%。标准剂型的厚度(如图2中以t表示)约为4-10毫米;而标准剂型的直径(在图2中以d表示)范围,约是5-15毫米。
在本发明的另一项实施方案中,其剂型包含一个基本上平滑的内核,至少其部分由外貌不规则的一层外壳所包围。例如,至少部分的外壳具有在宽、深或高上大于约20微米、优选大于约50微米、更优选大于约100微米、最优选大于约1000微米的凹陷或凸起。
在本发明的另一项实施方案中,内核具有外表面,外壳具有内表面和外表面,外壳基本上与内核外表面相吻合,即,外壳内表面上的峰部和谷部,基本上反转与内核外表面上主要峰部和谷部相配合,而外壳外表面与内核外表面的主要峰部和谷部基本上不相吻合。
在本发明的另一项实施方案中,其剂型包含一个具有第一外貌的外表面;以及一个具有第二外貌的外表面,其特征在于,其第一或第二外貌中至少有一个,包括若干在宽、深或高上大于约20微米的凹陷或凸起,而且起第一外貌不同于第二外貌。
在本发明的另一项实施方案中,其剂型包含一个在其外表面上具有在宽、深或高方面都大于约20微米的凹陷或凸起的内核;以及一个具有一层内表面和一层外表面的外壳。该外壳基本上与内核外表面相吻合,即,外壳内表面上一些凹陷和凸起基本上反转与内核外表面上主要的凹陷或凸起相配合。而外壳外表面与内核外表面上主要凹陷或凸起基本上不相一致。
在本发明的另一项实施方案中,其剂型包含一个在其外表面上具有凹陷或凸起的内核;内核有一层外壳包围。其特征在于,该外壳具有一层内表面,一层外表面,以及一定的厚度,内核表面上的各个凹陷或凸起的宽度,与外壳的一个或多个部位的厚度的比例,至少约为1∶1,外壳的轮廓基本上与内核外表面相符合,即,外壳内表面上一些凹陷和凸起,基本上反转与内核外表面上主要的凹陷或凸起相配合。而外壳外表面与内核外表面上主要凹陷或凸起基本上不相一致。
在此采用的术语“基本上形成投影关系”(轮廓基本相吻合)一词的意义是,外壳的内表面,在微观上具有尖峰部和低谷部,基本上反转与内核外表面上微观的若干尖峰部和低谷部相配合。
在本发明的一项实施方案中,本发明的这种剂型的优点是,在外壳的表面消除了明显的缺点。已知的注射式模塑法程序,是利用注入口和流道将模塑材料注入模具腔内。其所制成的产品,可留下一些缺陷,例如,注入器痕迹、注入口瘢疵、闸口瘢疵等。在常规的模具中,在产品固化之后,必须将注入口与流道都拆开,就会在其边缘部分留下一些瘢疵,产生一些残渣。在常规的热流道模塑法中,取消了注入口,但是,由于在注入过程中,热的流道嘴部一时必须接触到冷的模具腔,因而在注入部位会产生一些瘢疵。其流道嘴部顶端在移开时还可拉出一条“尾巴”,须将其整修掉。在使用纤维性或粘性材料时,这类瘢疵特别另人讨厌。对于各种供吞服用的剂型,不仅是在美容方面,而且还在功能方面,这类性质的有害缺陷都是特别不利的。其有毛刺(锐刺和尖角)的边缘,对于口腔、舌头和咽喉都可引起刺激甚至刮伤。本发明的所述剂型都已经消除了这类问题。
在本发明的另一项实施方案中,内核的形状可保证在外壳破裂时,可改变从内核中活性物质的释放过程,即,在内核中的活性成分,能够以改变了的释放状态进行释放。在此采用的改变释放过程,包括持续性释放、扩展性释放、延长性释放、迟缓性释放、脉动式释放等,或者,对于采用特殊活性成分而具有不同释放状态的即释性片剂,有意识地改变的任何释放方式。例如,如美国专利号4,663,147所公开披露的,其中认为,在机体内一种活性成分的持续性释放或受控制释放过程,可以通过如下方式来实现,即,采用一种含有活性成分的可扩散性固体物质,其外表面用一种液态的可渗透性聚合物进行包衣,该固体材料上有未被液态可渗透性物质包裹一个内腔。当该固体物被吞服之后,在胃肠道内的诸如水分之类的液体都可进入该固体物的内腔,使其活性成分基本上可以受控制的或恒定的速度进行释放。
在本发明的一项优选的实施方案中,外壳至少部分具有一个或多个开口。这类开口可使液体进入外壳,而与内核中的液体相接触(例如,胃肠道内的水分)。在外壳上的这类开口,例如,可采用在内表面具有不同长短的凸起的模具进行制造。
在图中描述了本发明的剂型30,其中包含一个外壳38,其包围在一个内核32的外表面上的部分的形状,具有一个孔洞或空腔33。在图示中,内核32与外壳38基本上具有不同的形状。在一项实施方案中,外壳38是采用水溶性材料制成。内核32中含有一种活性成分,内核32的所有各表面部分,除了内腔表面36之外,都是采用液态的可渗透性聚合物材料制成。该剂型30被吞服之后,在水、胃酸、肠液等的作用下,外壳38就会破裂这类液体就可通过开口处33与内核32的内表面36相接触,液体就会渗透入内核的各个表面。从而,活性成分就可从内核32的内表面36中释放出来,内核的其他各个表面则不然。在内核32中暴露在液态介质中的可扩散性固体物的表面积,与该暴露的固体物必须扩散至内核的出口处的经路的长度之比,基本上保持恒定。从而,可使有限成分保持恒定的或受控制的释放状态。在一项优选的实施方案中,外壳包围整个的内核,包括其空洞(如图3所示)。
在本发明的另一项实施方案中,如图4A和4B中的描述。内核440的外表面441具有第一外貌,而在外壳442的外表面443具有与第一外貌不同的第二外貌。具体而言,在图4B所描述的内核外表面441具有凸起447,和凹陷448,其上提供了一个具有第一外貌的内核外表面441。在图4A和4B中还显示,包含多数凸起444,和凹陷445,以及若干裂隙或切口446,其上提供了具有不同于内核外表面441的第一外貌的外壳外表面443的第二外貌。
在本发明的另一项实施方案中,如图5A、5B和5C中的描述。内核540的外表面541具第一外貌,以及在其个外壳542的外表面543上具有不同外貌。具体而言,在图5B所描述的内核外表面541基本上是平滑的,因而,提供了具有第一外貌的内核外表面541。在图54A-5C中描述了,具若干凸起547和凹陷545的外壳外表面543,从而提供了在外壳外表面543具有与内核外表面541的第一外貌不同的第二外貌。
在本发明的另一项实施方案中,如图6A、6B和6C中的描述。内核640具有一个包含源自内核640的外表面641的凹陷的可视影象645,从而使其外表面641具有第一外貌。外壳642具有一个平滑的外表面643,因而具有与内核外表面641不同的一个外貌。具体而言,图6B描述了内核外表面641,其上具有凹陷650、651和652,以及若干凸起653、654、655和656。
在本发明的另一项实施方案中,如图7中的描述。内核740上记录有浮雕在内核上的可进行眼观的信息(即,如图所示的文字“TYLENOL”)。包围内核740的是外壳742。在内核外表面由于存在着浮雕的信息而具有第一外貌,而在外壳外表面则具有与内核外表面的第一外貌不同的第二外貌。
在本发明的另一项实施方案中,采用了一种插入物,该种插入物并不是完全包含在内核之内。例如,该插入物可至少在一个维度方向上,或至少在内核的一个轴向上,大于内核。因而,该插入物只有部分包含在内核中,和只有部分包含在外壳内。如图8中的描述,其中显示剂型802,其组成是具有一个第一形状的内核804,以及具有一个基本上不同于内核804的第一形状的第二形状的外壳806。内核804另外还具有仅有部分包含在内核804中的一个插入物808,如图所示。
在本发明的另一项实施方案中,其剂型包含有多于一个的内核,例如,有两个内核被一个外壳所包围。如图9中的描述。其中显示,剂型90包含一个具有第一形状的第一内核91,以及具有具有第二形状的第二内核92,外壳93具有第三种形状,基本上不同于第一内核91的第一形状,或第二内核92的第二形状,或内核91和92两者的组合形状。
在图10中描述了本发明的另一项实施方案的横截面观。其中的剂型1000包含有具有第一形状的一个内核1100,以及包围内核1100的具有基本上不同于第一和第二形状的第二形状的一个外壳1200。
在图11中描述了本发明的另一项实施方案的侧面观。其中的剂型1300包含有显示标识语言的阴雕区域1304,以及包含多数大型凹陷1308的另一区域1306的一个外壳1302。
在图12中描述了本发明的另一项实施方案的侧面观。其中的剂型1400中包含有显示标识语言的阴雕区域1404,以及包含多数小型凹陷1408(其样式不同于图11所示的大型凹陷1308)的另一区域1406的一个外壳1402。
本发明还选用如下一些实施例作了进一步阐明。但是对于本发明决不是仅限于此。
实施例1
本发明的剂型,都是采用包含两种热循环模具器材,在连续工序中制造的。该种器材由两套热循环模具通过一种过渡装置连接成序列,在待批的美国专利申请系列号09/966,939第14-16页对此已作了论述,该公开披露材料在此已列为参考资料。所述剂型的结构如图1A所示,分别都具有呈长十字交叉形的一个内核,包裹有椭圆形的一个外壳而组成。
内核用一种内核用流体材料制造,其中的组成成分如下:
片剂型 | 商品名 | 制造厂商 | 重量% | 毫克/每片 |
聚乙二醇3350 | Carbowax | Union Carbide公司,Danbury,CT | 60.3 | 190 |
交联羧甲基纤维素钠 | Ac-Di-Sol | FMC公司,Neward,DE | 30.1 | 95 |
氢氯化伪麻黄素结晶 | BASF PharmaChemikalien GmbH&Co.,Ludwigshafen/Rhein | 9.5 | 30 |
外壳用一种外壳用流体材料制造,其中的组成成分如下:
外壳 | 商品名 | 制造厂商 | 重量% | 毫克/剂型 |
聚乙二醇3350 | Carbowax | Union Carbide公司,Danbury,CT | 100 | 700 |
热循环模塑用模具具有如图3所示的由待批的美国专利申请材料系列号09/966,939设计的共同结构,其中描述了一种热循环模具组200,其组成有一个转轴202,其周围排列一组单体模具204,每一套热循环模具组本身都配备一个盛料器206(参见:待批的美国专利申请材料系列号09/966,939的图4),分别用于盛放内核用流体材料和外壳用流体材料。此外,每一套热循环模具组都装设有一具温度监控器,以供对于单体模具迅速加热和冷却之用。在图55和56中所示的是,待批的美国专利申请材料系列号09/966,939描述的该种温度监控器600。
内核产品在第一热循环模塑用模具组中制造,通过一套传递装置与第二热循环模塑用模具组相连接。第一热循环模塑用模具组具有如图26A由待批的美国专利中请材料系列号09/966,939所示的特殊结构。该第一热循环模塑用模具组包括一个中心模具配件212和一个上模具配件214如图26C所示。两者扣合就可形成具有长十字交叉形的形状的模具腔。当转轴202转动时,相配套的中心和上部模具配件就会扣合一起。在盛料器206内的被加热到流动状态的内核用的流体材料就注射入所形成的模具腔内。然后令内核流动材料逐渐冷却固结而形成内核体。于是模具配件就会开启而排出成型的内核,并进入传递装置。
传递装置的结构300如图3由待批的美国专利申请材料系列号09/966,939所示。其中包括一组单体传递器304以悬挂的方式装着在链动带上,,如图68和69由待批的美国专利申请材料系列号09/966,939所示,该传递装置与配套的热循环模塑用模具组同步回旋运作。单体传递装置204包括一组固定器330,其用途是在传递装置运行过程将各个内核固定。
传递装置将内核送入第二热循环模塑用模具组,对各个内核进行包装外壳。该第二热循环模塑用模具组的结构如图28A由待批的美国专利申请材料系列号09/966,939所示。该第二热循环模塑用模具组中的单体模具204,由上模具配件214、中心可转式模具配件212以及下模具配件210三部分构成,如图28C所示。内核被连续传送到各个模具配件内,该模具配件组将内核分别盖住。在盛料器206内的外壳流体材料被加热至流动状态,并被注入模具配件组扣合而成的模具腔内,然后使流体材料的温度下降,固化。即可将模具配件打开,即可获得已经带有包衣的内核体。包衣过程可分两个步骤实施:将内核体分成两半,分别通过回旋的中心模具配件进行包衣加工。如图28B由待批的美国申请材料系列号09/966,939的流程图所示。
尽管本发明已经参照各专门的实施例进行了说明,但是对于本专业中老资格的技术人员,仍然可以在本发明的范围之内进行更改和修正。
Claims (51)
1.一种核-壳剂型,其特征在于,所述剂型包含:一种活性成分;一个具有外表面和第一形状的内核;以及一个具有外表面和内表面和基本上不同于第一形状的第二形状的外壳,其中,所述外壳含有80%的流动性材料,所述材料选自成膜剂、胶凝化聚合物、热塑性材料、低熔点疏水材料、不结晶的糖、不结晶的糖醇及其混合物,且所述外壳至少包围部分内核,并且所述外壳上基本上没有直径为0.5-5.0微米的微孔,其中,所述低熔点疏水材料是蔗糖-脂肪酸酯,脂肪,氢化的植物油,游离脂肪酸及其盐,甘油一酯、甘油二酯和甘油三酸酯,磷酸脂,蜡或含脂肪混合物。
2.一种核-壳剂型,其特征在于,所述剂型包含:一种活性成分;一个具有外表面和第一外貌的内核;以及一个具有内表面、外表面和基本上与第一外貌不同的第二外貌的外壳,其中,所述第一或第二外貌至少有一个在长、宽或高上有大于20微米的缺口或凸起,且所述外壳包围至少部分内核,并且所述外壳上基本上没有直径为0.5-5.0微米的微孔。
3.一种核-壳剂型,其特征在于,所述剂型包含:一种活性成分;一个具有外表面并在长、宽或高上有大于20微米的缺口或凸起的内核;以及一个具有内表面和外表面的外壳,其中,所述外壳至少与部分内核外表面几乎一致,这样外壳内表面上一些凸起和凹陷与内核外表面上主要的凸起和凹陷相吻合,且外壳外表面不与内核外表面上主要的凸起和凹陷相吻合,并且所述外壳上基本上没有直径为0.5-5.0微米的微孔。
4.一种核-壳剂型,其特征在于,所述剂型包含:一种活性成分;一个具有有凹陷或凸起的外表面的内核;以及一个包围至少部分内核的外壳,其中,所述外壳具有内表面、外表面和一定的厚度;内核表面一个或多个凹陷或凸起的宽度与一个或多个部位外壳厚度的比例至少为1∶1,所述外壳至少与部分内核外表面几乎一致,这样外壳内表面上一些凸起和凹陷与内核外表面上主要的凸起和凹陷相吻合,且外壳外表面不与内核外表面上主要的凸起和凹陷相吻合,并且所述外壳上基本上没有直径为0.5-5.0微米的微孔。
5.一种核-壳剂型,其特征在于,所述剂型包含:一种活性成分;一个具有第一外貌的外表面的第一内核;一个具有第二外貌的外表面的第二内核;以及一个具有内表面和外表面并有与第一外貌不同的第三外貌的外壳,其中,第一、第二和第三外貌至少有一个在长、宽或高上有大于20微米的凹陷或凸起,且外壳包围至少部分内核,并且所述外壳上基本上没有直径为0.5-5.0微米的微孔。
6.一种核-壳剂型,其特征在于,所述剂型包含:一种活性成分;一个由外表面分别具有第一和第二外貌的第一和第二内核部分组成的内核;外表面具有第三外貌的第一外壳部分;以及外表面具有第四外貌的第二外壳部分,其中,至少第三或第四外壳的表面外貌不同与以下内核部分的外貌,至少第一、第二、第三或第四外貌之一在长、宽或高上有大于20微米的凹陷或凸起,且外壳包围至少部分内核,并且所述外壳上基本上没有直径为0.5-5.0微米的微孔。
7.一种核-壳剂型,其特征在于,所述剂型包含:一个具有外表面和第一形状的内核;以及一个具有外表面和内表面以及基本不同于第一形状的第二形状的外壳,其中,所述外壳上基本上没有直径为0.5-5.0微米的微孔,且外壳包围至少部分内核。
8.如权利要求1-7中任一项所述的核-壳剂型,其中,内核和外壳分别具有相对于同一个参照轴的不同数量的对称平面。
9.如权利要求1-7中任一项所述的核-壳剂型,其中,在内核外表面的两个不同点上,从内核外表面到外壳外表面的距离不同。
10.如权利要求9所述的核-壳剂型,其中,所述距离差别为125-30,000微米。
11.如权利要求1-7中任一项所述的核-壳剂型,其中,所述外壳包含小于10%重量的直接压缩填充剂-粘合剂。
12.如权利要求1-7中任一项所述的核-壳剂型,其中,所述外壳是透明、不完全透明或半透明的。
13.如权利要求1-7中任一项所述的核-壳剂型,其中,所述内核与外壳有不同颜色。
14.如权利要求1-7中任一项所述的核-壳剂型,其中,所述内核、外壳或这两者含有活性成分。
15.如权利要求1-7中任一项所述的核-壳剂型,其中,仅内核含有活性成分。
16.如权利要求1-7中任一项所述的核-壳剂型,其中,所述内核含有一种压缩剂型。
17.如权利要求1-7中任一项所述的核-壳剂型,其中,所述内核含有一种微电子装置。
18.如权利要求1-7中任一项所述的核-壳剂型,其中,所述内核含有一种插入物。
19.如权利要求18所述的核-壳剂型,其中,所述插入物在至少一个维数上大于内核。
20.如权利要求18所述的核-壳剂型,其中,至少部分插入物从内核中向外凸出。
21.如权利要求18所述的核-壳剂型,其中,所述插入物包含一种活性成分。
22.如权利要求18所述的核-壳剂型,其中,所述插入物含有微电子装置。
23.如权利要求1-7中任一项所述的核-壳剂型,其中,所述外壳外表面质地粗糙。
24.如权利要求1-7中任一项所述的核-壳剂型,其中,所述外壳外表面含有预先安排的图样。
25.如权利要求1-7中任一项所述的核-壳剂型,其中,所述外壳中有一个或多个开口。
26.如权利要求1-7中任一项所述的核-壳剂型,其中,所述外壳外表面基本上是平滑的。
27.如权利要求1-7中任一项所述的核-壳剂型,其中,所述外壳外表面具有选自球形、卵形、椭圆形的形状。
28.如权利要求1-7中任一项所述的核-壳剂型,其中,所述剂型含有单一的内核。
29.如权利要求1-7中任一项所述的核-壳剂型,其中,所述内核和外壳分别具有一个主要的对称平面,且内核的主要对称平面与外壳的主要对称平面垂直。
30.如权利要求1-7中任一项所述的核-壳剂型,其中,所述内核是环形。
31.如权利要求1、3、4和7中任一项所述的核-壳剂型,其中,所述外壳包括分别具有第一和第二外貌的第一和第二外壳部分,且第一和第二外貌是不同的。
32.如权利要求31所述的核-壳剂型,其中,所述第一和第二外壳部分各有外表面,且至少一个外表面包含盲文符号。
33.如权利要求1-7中任一项所述的核-壳剂型,其中,所述内核外表面含有凹陷、凹刻、文字、符号或花纹。
34.如权利要求33所述的核-壳剂型,其中,所述外壳覆盖部分内核,但不完全覆盖其上的凹陷、凹刻、文字、符号或花纹。
35.如权利要求33所述的核-壳剂型,其中,所述第一外壳覆盖了内核上的凹陷、凹刻、文字、符号或花纹,但不完全覆盖内核的其余部分。
36.如权利要求35所述的核-壳剂型,其中,所述第二外壳覆盖了内核上未被第一外壳覆盖的部分。
37.如权利要求1-7中任一项所述的核-壳剂型,其中,所述内核外表面含有文字、符号或花纹形式的凸起。
38.如权利要求35所述的核-壳剂型,其中,所述外壳覆盖部分内核,但不完全覆盖凸起部分。
39.如权利要求37所述的核-壳剂型,其中,所述第一外壳覆盖凸起部分,但不完全覆盖内核的其余部分。
40.如权利要求39所述的核-壳剂型,其中,所述第二外壳覆盖了内核上未被第一外壳覆盖的部分。
41.如权利要求1-7中任一项所述的核-壳剂型,其中,所述内核外表面具有凹陷和浮雕的可视信息,且外壳外表面是透明、不完全透明或半透明的。
42.如权利要求1-7中任一项所述的核-壳剂型,其中,基于外壳组分的总干物质重量,所述外壳含有25%-80%的成膜剂;0.10%-33%的增稠剂;和11%-60%的增塑剂。
43.如权利要求1、2、3、4和7中任一项所述的核-壳剂型,其中,所述剂型还含有第二内核。
44.如权利要求1、4和7中任一项所述的核-壳剂型,其中,所述外壳外表面含有在宽、深或高上大于20微米的凹陷或凸起。
45.如权利要求1-7中任一项所述的核-壳剂型,其中,所述外壳外表面含有预先安排的图案。
46.如权利要求45所述的核-壳剂型,其中,所述预先安排的图案是盲文符号。
47.如权利要求1-7中任一项所述的核-壳剂型,其中,至少部分外壳中有一个或多个开口。
48.如权利要求47所述的核-壳剂型,其中,所述外壳中包含多个开口。
49.如权利要求48所述的核-壳剂型,其中,所述开口形成预先安排的图案。
50.如权利要求1-7任一项所述的核-壳剂型,其中,至少部分外壳是透明、不完全透明或半透明的。
51.如权利要求1-7任一项所述的核-壳剂型,其中,基于外壳组分的总干物质重量,所述外壳含有25%-80%的成膜剂;0.10%-33%的增稠剂;和11%-60%的增塑剂。
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US09/966,939 | 2001-09-28 | ||
US09/966,450 US6982094B2 (en) | 2001-09-28 | 2001-09-28 | Systems, methods and apparatuses for manufacturing dosage forms |
US09/967,414 US6742646B2 (en) | 2001-09-28 | 2001-09-28 | Systems, methods and apparatuses for manufacturing dosage forms |
US09/966,450 | 2001-09-28 | ||
US09/966,497 | 2001-09-28 | ||
US09/966,497 US7122143B2 (en) | 2001-09-28 | 2001-09-28 | Methods for manufacturing dosage forms |
US09/966,509 US6767200B2 (en) | 2001-09-28 | 2001-09-28 | Systems, methods and apparatuses for manufacturing dosage forms |
US09/967,414 | 2001-09-28 | ||
US09/966,509 | 2001-09-28 | ||
US09/966,939 US6837696B2 (en) | 2001-09-28 | 2001-09-28 | Apparatus for manufacturing dosage forms |
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CNA028236505A Pending CN1596101A (zh) | 2001-09-28 | 2002-09-28 | 含有糖果组分的剂型 |
CNA028233476A Pending CN1592610A (zh) | 2001-09-28 | 2002-09-28 | 改良的释放剂型 |
CNA028233611A Pending CN1638740A (zh) | 2001-09-28 | 2002-09-28 | 释出得到修饰的剂型 |
CNB028234308A Expired - Fee Related CN100408029C (zh) | 2001-09-28 | 2002-09-28 | 有镶嵌部分的组合剂型 |
CNA028235401A Pending CN1596102A (zh) | 2001-09-28 | 2002-09-28 | 调节释放剂型 |
CNA028236416A Pending CN1596104A (zh) | 2001-09-28 | 2002-09-28 | 改进的释放剂型 |
CNA028233549A Pending CN1592612A (zh) | 2001-09-28 | 2002-09-28 | 有内核和外壳的剂型 |
CNA028236386A Pending CN1596100A (zh) | 2001-09-28 | 2002-09-28 | 可食用组合物及含可食用外壳的制剂 |
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CNA028236505A Pending CN1596101A (zh) | 2001-09-28 | 2002-09-28 | 含有糖果组分的剂型 |
CNA028233476A Pending CN1592610A (zh) | 2001-09-28 | 2002-09-28 | 改良的释放剂型 |
CNA028233611A Pending CN1638740A (zh) | 2001-09-28 | 2002-09-28 | 释出得到修饰的剂型 |
CNB028234308A Expired - Fee Related CN100408029C (zh) | 2001-09-28 | 2002-09-28 | 有镶嵌部分的组合剂型 |
CNA028235401A Pending CN1596102A (zh) | 2001-09-28 | 2002-09-28 | 调节释放剂型 |
CNA028236416A Pending CN1596104A (zh) | 2001-09-28 | 2002-09-28 | 改进的释放剂型 |
CNA028233549A Pending CN1592612A (zh) | 2001-09-28 | 2002-09-28 | 有内核和外壳的剂型 |
CNA028236386A Pending CN1596100A (zh) | 2001-09-28 | 2002-09-28 | 可食用组合物及含可食用外壳的制剂 |
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