Hugo Cardoso
Universidade de Lisboa, Departamento de Linguística Geral e Românica, Department Member
- Universidade de Lisboa, Centro de Linguística, Department Memberadd
- South Asian Languages, Historical Linguistics, Theoretical Linguistics, Indic Linguistics, Language Documentation, Fieldwork in linguistics, and 28 moreContact Linguistics, Pidgin and Creole Languages, Languages and Linguistics, Linguistics, Linguistic Anthropology, India, Indian studies, Language contact, Endangered Languages, Portuguese, Pidgins & Creoles, Language Endangerment, Portuguese Linguistics, Indo-Portuguese History, Nederlandse taal, Language Preservation, Luso-Asian Cultures, Anthropology, Romance Linguistics, Romance Languages, Historical Dialectology, Language Typology, Dialectology, Language Variation and Change, History of the Portuguese Empire, South Asian Studies, Sri Lanka, and Comparative Linguisticsedit
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When it comes to language, few corners of the globe are as diverse as South Asia. Throughout history, this has been an area of high multilingualism and intense linguistic contact, leading to often extreme processes of change, linguistic... more
When it comes to language, few corners of the globe are as diverse as South Asia. Throughout history, this has been an area of high multilingualism and intense linguistic contact, leading to often extreme processes of change, linguistic conflict and accommodation, as well as the emergence of new languages. However, while diversity may be the order of the day in South Asia, language obsolescence and loss have now become equally conspicuous. As a matter of fact, the most linguistically diverse countries in this region feature prominently in the worlwide charts of linguistic endangerment. In UNESCO’s online (and constantly evolving) Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger, for instance, India has more entries than any other country, viz. 197 (in December 2012). Other countries in the region with a significant presence in the Atlas include Nepal (71 languages listed), Pakistan (28), Afghanistan (23) and Bhutan (19); only the Maldives are absent.
In South Asian nations, there is an established tradition of research and reflection on the preservation of linguistic and cultural diversity. Yet, given the enormity of the task, more needs to be done to understand the causes of linguistic endangerment and design solutions. It is the intention of this volume to contribute to the debate by focusing on specifically South Asian problems, processes and constraints, from both a synchronic and a diachronic perspective. As expected, most of the languages studied are, by most definitions, currently endangered - the type of languages that might feature in UNESCO’s Atlas. However, some authors also discuss languages whose vitality (and even dominance in some domains) seems assured in the near future. Their articles are a reminder that language endangerment is a complex and multi-faceted issue, and call for long-term approaches to language preservation. [...]
(from the "Foreword")
In South Asian nations, there is an established tradition of research and reflection on the preservation of linguistic and cultural diversity. Yet, given the enormity of the task, more needs to be done to understand the causes of linguistic endangerment and design solutions. It is the intention of this volume to contribute to the debate by focusing on specifically South Asian problems, processes and constraints, from both a synchronic and a diachronic perspective. As expected, most of the languages studied are, by most definitions, currently endangered - the type of languages that might feature in UNESCO’s Atlas. However, some authors also discuss languages whose vitality (and even dominance in some domains) seems assured in the near future. Their articles are a reminder that language endangerment is a complex and multi-faceted issue, and call for long-term approaches to language preservation. [...]
(from the "Foreword")
Research Interests: Languages and Linguistics, Sociolinguistics, Linguistic Anthropology, Language Planning and Policy, South Asia, and 14 moreLanguage Documentation, Endangered Languages, Pakistan, South Asian Languages, Linguistics, Nepal, Bangladesh, Language Endangerment, Language Policy, India, Language Preservation, Myanmar, Language policy and planning, and Language documentation and conservation
Research Interests: Languages and Linguistics, Historical Linguistics, Spanish, Portuguese, Portuguese Studies, and 18 moreMalaysia, Indonesia, Philippines, Pidgins & Creoles, Comparative Linguistics, Sri Lanka, Spanish Linguistics, Linguistics, Pidgin and Creole Languages, Philippine Studies, Hong Kong, India (Anthropology), India, Macao, Language contact, Portuguese Linguistics, Luso-Asian Cultures, and Macau studies
"On the southern tip of the Saurashtra peninsula of Gujarat (India) and commanding a strategic lookout over the Arabian sea, the small island of Diu has aroused seemingly disproportionate colonial interests throughout its history. Among... more
"On the southern tip of the Saurashtra peninsula of Gujarat (India) and commanding a strategic lookout over the Arabian sea, the small island of Diu has aroused seemingly disproportionate colonial interests throughout its history. Among the various effects of its long domination by faraway Portugal (1535-1961) was the formation of a local variety of Indo-Portuguese, a contact language resulting from the encounter of various linguistic influences, chief among which Gujarati and Portuguese. Although the Portuguese-lexified creoles of Asia have deserved scholarly attention from the late 19th-century, the trend towards accurate linguistic description of these languages is a recent one.
This study provides a linguistic account of present-day Diu Indo-Portuguese, duly embedded in its reconstructed historical and sociodemographic context, with the intention to contribute to our burgeoning understanding of the formation, development and present vitality of the contact languages of (South) Asia and elsewhere."
This study provides a linguistic account of present-day Diu Indo-Portuguese, duly embedded in its reconstructed historical and sociodemographic context, with the intention to contribute to our burgeoning understanding of the formation, development and present vitality of the contact languages of (South) Asia and elsewhere."
Research Interests: Languages and Linguistics, Portuguese, Linguistic Anthropology, Language Documentation, Endangered Languages, and 12 morePidgins & Creoles, Cognitive Linguistics, Linguistics, Fieldwork in linguistics, Pidgin and Creole Languages, Language Typology, Language contact, Descriptive Linguistics, Language Documentation, Indigenous Languages, Sociolinguistics, Field Linguistics, Portuguese Linguistics, Luso-Asian Cultures, Diu, and Indo-Portuguese History
A practical grammar of Dutch, translated into Portuguese for the use of lusophone students.
See: www.dutchgrammar.org
See: www.dutchgrammar.org
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Recently, in the archives of Lisbon’s Museu Nacional de Arqueologia, a manuscript of considerable historical, linguistic and literary interest, presumably hailing from 18th century Batavia (now Jakarta, in Indonesia), has been discovered.... more
Recently, in the archives of Lisbon’s Museu Nacional de Arqueologia, a manuscript of considerable historical, linguistic and literary interest, presumably hailing from 18th century Batavia (now Jakarta, in Indonesia), has been discovered. «Rediscovered» might be a more accurate term, since the manuscript, which bears the title of Panton Malaijoe dan Portugees (Malay and Portuguese Pantuns), was not entirely unknown. In fact, it surfaced in the 19" century and was mentioned by one ofits former owners, Professor Hugo Schuchardt from the University of Graz, in his description of the Portuguese-lexified creole of Batavia and Tugu.
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The Indo-Portuguese creole languages that formed along the former Malabar Coast of southwestern India, currently seriously endangered, are arguably the oldest of all Asian-Portuguese creoles. Recent documentation efforts in Cannanore and... more
The Indo-Portuguese creole languages that formed along the former Malabar Coast of southwestern India, currently seriously endangered, are arguably the oldest of all Asian-Portuguese creoles. Recent documentation efforts in Cannanore and the Cochin area have revealed a language that is strikingly similar to its substrate/adstrate Malayalam in several fundamental domains of grammar, often contradicting previous records from the late 19th-century and the input of its main lexifier, Portuguese. In this article, this is shown by comparing Malabar Indo-Portuguese with both Malayalam and Portuguese with respect to features in the domains of word order (head-final syntax and harmonic syntactic patterns) and case-marking (the distribution of the oblique case). Based on older records and certain synchronic linguistic features of the Malabar Creoles, this article proposes that the observed isomorphism between modern Malabar Indo-Portuguese and Malayalam has to be explained as the product of e...
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Portuguese‐lexified creoles (PLCs) include some of the oldest of the European‐lexified creoles which developed out of the colonial expansion of the Early Modern Age. This chapter describes in detail the current and past distribution of... more
Portuguese‐lexified creoles (PLCs) include some of the oldest of the European‐lexified creoles which developed out of the colonial expansion of the Early Modern Age. This chapter describes in detail the current and past distribution of the PLCs. It surveys diachronic proposals applicable within subgroups of PLCs. The chapter focuses on theories that imply the influence of a PLC or Portuguese‐lexified pidgin on contact languages currently not classified as Portuguese‐lexified. One of the most interesting effects of the inaugural role of Portuguese in the European global linguistic expansion of the Modern Age is that, for various reasons and to different degrees, Portuguese often came to impact the linguistic repertoire of the colonizers who followed and, on many occasions, occupied places where this language had already created roots. Wherever PLCs have remained in close contact with Portuguese, a number of different trajectories can be identified.
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As will become apparent further along in the discussion, it seems intuitive to account for (at least part of) the development of kaba and teh with reference to grammaticalization. The special relationship between the processes of... more
As will become apparent further along in the discussion, it seems intuitive to account for (at least part of) the development of kaba and teh with reference to grammaticalization. The special relationship between the processes of grammaticalization and creolization, therefore, must be given ...
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This article is a study of the Dravido-Portuguese creoles of the Malabar (modern-day Kerala, India) and Sri Lanka in terms of the formal means they use to mark the addressee arguments of various predicates of verbal interaction (e.g.... more
This article is a study of the Dravido-Portuguese creoles of the Malabar (modern-day Kerala, India) and Sri Lanka in terms of the formal means they use to mark the addressee arguments of various predicates of verbal interaction (e.g. talk, say, ask), and compares the functional range of such markers in the creoles with their counterparts in the lexifier language (Portuguese) and in the Dravidian adstrates (Malayalam and Tamil). This comparative study shows the different contributions of the lexifier and of the adstrates to the case-marking system of the present-day Dravido-Portuguese creoles, as well as the ways in which the functional range of the creole case-markers reveal diachronic processes of functional reanalysis.
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Given that the Portuguese-lexified creoles of South Asia are currently spoken by relatively small and close-knit communities, it is often assumed that little sociolinguistic variation will be found within them and/or that this must have... more
Given that the Portuguese-lexified creoles of South Asia are currently spoken by relatively small and close-knit communities, it is often assumed that little sociolinguistic variation will be found within them and/or that this must have been the case throughout their history. This article, however, explores how modern and earlier (18th-/early-20th-century) descriptions and commentaries on the Indo-Portuguese communities reveal a somewhat stratified linguistic repertoire not unlike that of various other creoles around the world. Based on a survey of sources of different periods and character, I argue that there is good reason to assume a considerable degree of sociolinguistic variation in the IndoPortuguese communities even when the available sources do not record it, and that failure to do so may compromise the validity of our linguistic studies.
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Sri Lanka Portuguese (SLP) is a Portuguese-lexified creole formed during Sri Lanka’s Portuguese colonial period, which lasted from the early 16th century to the mid-17th century. The language withstood several political changes and became... more
Sri Lanka Portuguese (SLP) is a Portuguese-lexified creole formed during Sri Lanka’s Portuguese colonial period, which lasted from the early 16th century to the mid-17th century. The language withstood several political changes and became an important medium of communication for a portion of the island’s population, but reached the late 20th century much reduced in its distribution and vitality, having essentially contracted to the Portuguese Burgher community of Eastern Sri Lanka. In the 1970s and 1980s, the language was the object of considerable research and documentation efforts, which were, however, curtailed by the Sri Lankan civil war. This chapter reports on the activities, challenges, and results of a recent documentation project developed in the post-war period and designed to create an appropriate and diverse record of modern SLP. The project is characterised by a highly multidisciplinary approach that combines linguistics and ethnomusicology, a strong focus on video recordings and open-access dissemination of materials through an online digital platform (Endangered Languages Archive), archival prospection to collect diachronic sources, a sociolinguistic component aimed at determining ethnolinguistic vitality with a view to delineating revitalisation strategies, and a strongly collaborative nature. Here, we describe the principal outputs of the documentation project, which, in addition to a digital corpus of transcribed and annotated materials representing modern manifestations of SLP and the oral/musical traditions of the Burgher community, also include the findings of the sociolinguistic survey, an orthographic proposal for the language, as well as the copies and transcriptions of hard-to-obtain historical sources on SLP (grammars, dictionaries, biblical translations, liturgical texts, and collections of songs).
Research Interests: History, Geography, Portuguese, Ethnomusicology, Sociolinguistics, and 10 moreLanguage Documentation, Pidgins & Creoles, Sri Lanka, Pidgin and Creole Languages, Portuguese Language, Orthography Development, Sri Lanka Portuguese, Portuguese-Based Creoles, Language documentation and conservation, and Language Documentation and Description
Research Interests: History, Contact Linguistics, Portuguese, Portuguese Studies, Pidgins & Creoles, and 11 moreMorphology, Creolization, Pidgin and Creole Languages, Language contact, Diminutives, Creole linguistics, Pidgins and Creoles, Linguistic Morphology Language Contact, Languages in Contact, Grammatical Gender, and Indo-Portuguese History
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This study explores the use of a particular causal morpheme, derived from a protoform that may be reconstructed as *[V/B]IDA, in the Portuguese-lexified creoles of Asia. A survey of the various formal means employed by the AsianPortuguese... more
This study explores the use of a particular causal morpheme, derived from a protoform that may be reconstructed as *[V/B]IDA, in the Portuguese-lexified creoles of Asia. A survey of the various formal means employed by the AsianPortuguese creoles to establish relationships of cause, reason, and purpose demonstrates that only three may be said with certainty to use or have used a *[V/B]IDA-related morpheme, viz. those of the Malabar (South India), Sri Lanka, and Batavia/Tugu (Java, Indonesia) – a geographical distribution which, it is argued, calls for an assessment of the exact role of South Asian populations in the formation of Batavia/Tugu creole, in addition to other pieces of linguistic and ethnographic evidence. In order to determine the etymology and synchronic transformations of these causal morphemes, this study also explores several diachronic and dialectal corpora of Portuguese, which reveals that the Portuguese expression por via de ‘by way of’ is a more likely source tha...
Research Interests: Asian Studies, Southeast Asian Studies, Languages and Linguistics, Portuguese Studies, Language Variation and Change, and 14 moreSouth Asian Studies, South Asia, Southeast Asia, Pidgins & Creoles, Linguistics, Creolization, Pidgin and Creole Languages, Causality, Language Change, Language contact, Diachronic linguistics, Creole linguistics, Pidgins and Creoles, and Portuguese Linguistics
Research Interests: Languages and Linguistics, Portuguese, Linguistic Anthropology, Language Documentation, Endangered Languages, and 12 morePidgins & Creoles, Cognitive Linguistics, Linguistics, Fieldwork in linguistics, Pidgin and Creole Languages, Language Typology, Language contact, Portuguese Linguistics, Luso-Asian Cultures, Diu, Indo-Portuguese History, and Lot
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Na segunda metade do seculo XIX, em resposta a um crescente interesse academico pelos povos e linguas do mundo mas tambem a um projecto de dominar as linguas das colonias europeias para fins de administracao e missionacao, comecam a... more
Na segunda metade do seculo XIX, em resposta a um crescente interesse academico pelos povos e linguas do mundo mas tambem a um projecto de dominar as linguas das colonias europeias para fins de administracao e missionacao, comecam a surgir as primeiras descricoes de linguas de Timor-Leste, a data colonia portuguesa. Este estudo reconstitui a sequencia de gramaticas, dicionarios e obras didacticas produzidos em lingua portuguesa, entre essa altura e a ocupacao japonesa no contexto da Segunda Guerra Mundial, apresentando os seus autores (principalmente missionarios mas tambem outros agentes coloniais) e analisando o contexto, motivacao e metodologia da sua producao. Aborda ainda as dinâmicas de colaboracao ou competicao que e possivel entrever nestas obras de natureza linguistica e noutros documentos complementares, nos quais se percebem a dimensao e constrangimentos da polinizacao entre as diversas fontes, e ainda o impacto da sua publicacao no processo de (re)conhecimento da diversi...
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The area of Bidau, in the East Timorese capital of Dili, was home to the only documented form of Creole Portuguese in Timor. Although Bidau Creole Portuguese is now extinct, by most accounts, a few scattered records allow a glimpse into... more
The area of Bidau, in the East Timorese capital of Dili, was home to the only documented form of Creole Portuguese in Timor. Although Bidau Creole Portuguese is now extinct, by most accounts, a few scattered records allow a glimpse into what it must have been like, and reveal its clear relationship with other Southeast Asian Portuguese-based creoles; Baxter’s (1990a) study of Bidau Creole Portuguese was based mostly on a set of recordings made in the context of theMissão Antropológica de Timor[“Anthropological Mission to Timor”, 1953–1954]. In this article, Baxter (1990a: 3) mentions that “[s]o far, the earliest located reference to Bidau Creole Portuguese, and one which contains some impressionistic examples of conversations and the verse of a song, is Castro (1943: 56, 177)”. However, since the publication of this study, a few earlier references to what can be interpreted as Portuguese-based creole in Timor have been located in unpublished archival sources. These sources are lette...
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Research Interests: History, Geography, Languages and Linguistics, Sociolinguistics, Linguistic Anthropology, and 15 moreLanguage Planning and Policy, South Asia, Language Documentation, Endangered Languages, Pakistan, Linguistics, Nepal, Bangladesh, Language Endangerment, Language Policy, India, Language Preservation, Myanmar, Language policy and planning, and Language documentation and conservation
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This paper addresses the ongoing debate on the status of morphology in creole languages. The focus will be on the presence versus absence of specific types of morphological mark-ing in four Romance-based creoles: Angolar, Palenquero,... more
This paper addresses the ongoing debate on the status of morphology in creole languages. The focus will be on the presence versus absence of specific types of morphological mark-ing in four Romance-based creoles: Angolar, Palenquero, Papiamentu, and Seychellois. First of ...
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This article is primarily concerned with quantifying the African(-born) population in the early Portuguese settlements in India and defining its linguistic profile, as a means to understand the extent and limitations of its impact on the... more
This article is primarily concerned with quantifying the African(-born) population in the early Portuguese settlements in India and defining its linguistic profile, as a means to understand the extent and limitations of its impact on the emerging Indo-Portuguese creoles. Apart from long-established commercial links (including the slave trade) between East Africa and India, which could have facilitated linguistic interchange between the two regions, Smith (1984) and Clements (2000) also consider that the long African sojourn of all those travelling the Cape Route may have transported an African-developed pidgin to Asia. In this article, I concentrate on population displacement brought about by the slave trade. Published sources and data uncovered during archival research permit a characterisation of the African population in terms of (a) their numbers (relative to the overall population), (b) their origin, and (c) their position within the colonial social scale. The scenario that eme...
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From the very early days of scientific linguistic research, efforts to 1) define the boundaries between languages and 2) classify languages in relation to each other have been high on the agenda of linguists. Sir William Jones' 1786... more
From the very early days of scientific linguistic research, efforts to 1) define the boundaries between languages and 2) classify languages in relation to each other have been high on the agenda of linguists. Sir William Jones' 1786 proposal of the Indo-European linguistic family is a ...
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Research Interests: Languages and Linguistics, Portuguese, Linguistic Anthropology, Language Documentation, Endangered Languages, and 12 morePidgins & Creoles, Cognitive Linguistics, Linguistics, Fieldwork in linguistics, Pidgin and Creole Languages, Language Typology, Language contact, Portuguese Linguistics, Luso-Asian Cultures, Diu, Indo-Portuguese History, and Lot
Introduction to the special issue "Diu and the Diuese — History, Maritime Trade, and Urban Landscapes" (guest-edited by Pedro Pombo & Hugo C. Cardoso)
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This paper presents and discusses the instances of synchronic variation attested in the personal pronoun paradigm of modern Sri Lanka Portuguese, an endangered Portuguese-based creole spoken by relatively small communities scattered... more
This paper presents and discusses the instances of synchronic variation attested in the personal pronoun paradigm of modern Sri Lanka Portuguese, an endangered Portuguese-based creole spoken by relatively small communities scattered across Eastern and Northern Sri Lanka. Although Sri Lanka Portuguese has a long history of documentation dating from, at least, the beginning of the 19 th century, only a few studies have explicitly reported cases of synchronic variation. This study aims, therefore, to fill that gap, by contributing to the description and explanation of patterns of variation relating to the personal pronoun paradigm as encountered in documentary data collected between 2015 and 2020, over several field trips to the districts of Ampara, Batticaloa, Jaffna, and Trincomalee. The nature of the variation observed in the data ranges from phonetic alternations to strategies of paradigm regularization and stylistic shrinkage, often revealing the effects of diachronic processes of variant competition and substitution. Combining the observed patterns of variation with surveyed linguistic trends of language shift, we propose that obsolescence may be responsible for some of the variability encountered in modern SLP personal pronouns, especially that associated with certain socially-or geographically-defined subsets of the speech community (viz. the younger generations and the speakers from Jaffna) characterized by advanced language loss.
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Recently, in the archives of Lisbon’s Museu Nacional de Arqueologia, a manuscript of considerable historical, linguistic and literary interest, presumably hailing from 18th century Batavia (now Jakarta, in Indonesia), has been discovered.... more
Recently, in the archives of Lisbon’s Museu Nacional de Arqueologia, a manuscript of considerable historical, linguistic and literary interest, presumably hailing from 18th century Batavia (now Jakarta, in Indonesia), has been discovered. «Rediscovered» might be a more accurate term, since the manuscript, which bears the title of Panton Malaijoe dan Portugees (Malay and Portuguese Pantuns), was not entirely unknown. In fact, it surfaced in the 19" century and was mentioned by one ofits former owners, Professor Hugo Schuchardt from the University of Graz, in his description of the Portuguese-lexified creole of Batavia and Tugu.
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This study explores the use of a particular causal morpheme, derived from a protoform that may be reconstructed as *[V/B]IDA, in the Portuguese-lexified creoles of Asia. A survey of the various formal means employed by the... more
This study explores the use of a particular causal morpheme, derived from a protoform that may be reconstructed as *[V/B]IDA, in the Portuguese-lexified creoles of Asia. A survey of the various formal means employed by the Asian-Portuguese creoles to establish relationships of cause, reason, and purpose demonstrates that only three may be said with certainty to use or have used a *[V/B]IDA-related morpheme, viz. those of the Malabar (South India), Sri Lanka, and Batavia/Tugu (Java, Indonesia)-a geographical distribution which, it is argued, calls for an assessment of the exact role of South Asian populations in the formation of Batavia/Tugu creole, in addition to other pieces of linguistic and ethnographic evidence. In order to determine the etymology and synchronic transformations of these causal morphemes, this study also explores several diachronic and dialectal corpora of Portuguese, which reveals that the Portuguese expression por via de 'by way of' is a more likely source than another proposed alternative, por vida de 'by the life of'.
Research Interests: Asian Studies, Diachronic Linguistics (Or Historical Linguistics), Southeast Asian Studies, Languages and Linguistics, Portuguese Studies, and 15 moreLanguage Variation and Change, South Asian Studies, South Asia, Southeast Asia, Pidgins & Creoles, Linguistics, Creolization, Pidgin and Creole Languages, Causality, Language Change, Language contact, Diachronic linguistics, Creole linguistics, Pidgins and Creoles, and Portuguese Linguistics
With close to 200 speakers, the Indo-Portuguese Creole of Diu is currently spoken by a fraction of the island's population and, despite a centuries-old history, has been largely unacknowledged. In the last decade, it was the object of... more
With close to 200 speakers, the Indo-Portuguese Creole of Diu is currently spoken by a fraction of the island's population and, despite a centuries-old history, has been largely unacknowledged. In the last decade, it was the object of linguistic documentation and description, making it available to researchers in the field of Creole Studies. Before that, however, the only significant source of linguistic information was a seminal 1883 article by Hugo Schuchardt, all the more relevant by the fact that it was one of the first publications dedicated to a creole by the pioneer of Creole Studies. To write it, Schuchardt relied on data obtained through a vast network of correspondents scattered across the globe. The recent edition of Schuchardt's letter and manuscript archive, a collective effort coordinated by the Institute of Linguistics of the University of Graz, now makes it possible to reconstruct 19 th-century interest in this language and ensuing scholarly debates. Here, we explore this archive and complementary sources to: a) retrace Schuchardt's steps in search of adequate informants; b) observe Schuchardt's process of data collection and analysis; c) recover the opinions of several interlocutors about the status of Diu Creole; and d) reconstruct the impact of the article's publication.
Research Interests: Diachronic Linguistics (Or Historical Linguistics), Languages and Linguistics, Historical Linguistics, Portuguese, Portuguese Studies, and 14 morePortuguese Discoveries and Expansion, Language Documentation, Pidgins & Creoles, Creolization, Pidgin and Creole Languages, India, Descriptive Linguistics, Language Documentation, Indigenous Languages, Sociolinguistics, Field Linguistics, Creole linguistics, Pidgins and Creoles, Language Documentation and Description, Indo-Portuguese History, Colonial Linguistics, Pidgin and creole studies, and Hugo Schuchardt
Entre as comunidades indo-portuguesas, a cantiga assume ainda hoje lugar de destaque em variadíssimas ocasiões públicas. Canta-se em cerimónias litúrgicas, procissões e festividades religiosas, mas também em festas, casamentos, na... more
Entre as comunidades indo-portuguesas, a cantiga assume ainda hoje lugar de destaque em variadíssimas ocasiões públicas. Canta-se em cerimónias litúrgicas, procissões e festividades religiosas, mas também em festas, casamentos, na recepção a dignitários e sempre que a ocasião exija uma demonstração das singularidades culturais da comunidade. Este estudo explora características linguísticas e temáticas de uma parcela do cancioneiro indo-português, nomeadamente o conjunto de cantigas que sabemos ser ou ter sido de uso corrente entre as comunidades norteiras
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Na segunda metade do século XIX, em resposta a um crescente interesse académico pelos povos e línguas do mundo mas também a um projecto de dominar as línguas das colónias europeias para fins de administração e missionação, começam a... more
Na segunda metade do século XIX, em resposta a um crescente interesse académico pelos povos e línguas do mundo mas também a um projecto de dominar as línguas das colónias europeias para fins de administração e missionação, começam a surgir as primeiras descrições de línguas de Timor-Leste, à data colónia portuguesa. Este estudo reconstitui a sequência de gramáticas, dicionários e obras didácticas produzidos em língua portuguesa, entre essa altura e a ocupação japonesa no contexto da Segunda Guerra Mundial, apresentando os seus autores (principalmente missionários mas também outros agentes coloniais) e analisando o contexto, motivação e metodologia da sua produção. Aborda ainda as dinâmicas de colaboração ou competição que é possível entrever nestas obras de natureza linguística e noutros documentos complementares, nos quais se percebem a dimensão e constrangimentos da polinização entre as diversas fontes, e ainda o impacto da sua publicação no processo de (re)conhecimento da diversidade linguística do território timorense.
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Este artigo descreve e analisa um sincretismo parcial entre diminutivo e feminino identificado nos crioulos indo-portugueses norteiros (em particular o de Diu e o crioulo extinto de Bombaim) que representa uma divergência em relação ao... more
Este artigo descreve e analisa um sincretismo parcial entre diminutivo e feminino identificado nos crioulos indo-portugueses norteiros (em particular o de Diu e o crioulo extinto de Bombaim) que representa uma divergência em relação ao português, a sua principal língua lexificadora. Um levantamento dos crioulos luso-asiáticos em geral, feito com o intuito de definir o âmbito geográfico deste fenómeno, permite circunscrevê-lo à zona noroeste da Índia, em regiões com línguas dominantes indo-áricas (o guzerate e o marata). A partir desta observação, avançam-se e discutem-se diversos factores explicativos, alguns universais e outros ligados ao contributo das línguas de substrato/adstrato, potencialmente envolvidos no desenvolvimento do sincretismo diminutivo-feminino neste subgrupo dos crioulos de base lexical portuguesa.
Research Interests: Contact Linguistics, Portuguese, Portuguese Studies, Pidgins & Creoles, Morphology, and 11 moreCreolization, Pidgin and Creole Languages, Language contact, Diminutives, Creole linguistics, Pidgins and Creoles, Linguistic Morphology Language Contact, Languages in Contact, Grammatical Gender, Indo-Portuguese History, and Diminutives, Augmentatives, Evaluative Morphology
The area of Bidau, in the East Timorese capital of Dili, was home to the only documented form of Creole Portuguese in Timor. Although Bidau Creole Portuguese is now extinct, by most accounts, a few scattered records allow a glimpse into... more
The area of Bidau, in the East Timorese capital of Dili, was home to the only documented form of Creole Portuguese in Timor. Although Bidau Creole Portuguese is now extinct, by most accounts, a few scattered records allow a glimpse into what it must have been like, and reveal its clear relationship with other Southeast Asian Portuguese-based creoles; Baxter’s (1990a) study of Bidau Creole Portuguese was based mostly on a set of recordings made in the context of the Missão Antropológica de Timor [“Anthropological Mission to Timor”, 1953–1954]. In this article, Baxter (1990a: 3) mentions that “[s]o far, the earliest located reference to Bidau Creole Portuguese, and one which contains some impressionistic examples of conversations and the verse of a song, is Castro (1943: 56, 177)”. However, since the publication of this study, a few earlier references to what can be interpreted as Portuguese-based creole in Timor have been located in unpublished archival sources. These sources are letters sent to two important philologists of the late 19th and early 20th century, Hugo Schuchardt and José Leite de Vasconcelos, who were greatly interested in ascertaining whether a creole was spoken in Timor and what the local Portuguese was like. The present study introduces and contextualises these epistolary sources, discussing the linguistic and sociolinguistic material contained therein, and its relevance for the confirmation of different threads of language contact involving Portuguese.
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Given that the Portuguese-lexified creoles of South Asia are currently spoken by relatively small and close-knit communities, it is often assumed that little sociolinguistic variation will be found within them and/or that this must have... more
Given that the Portuguese-lexified creoles of South Asia are currently spoken by relatively small and close-knit communities, it is often assumed that little sociolinguistic variation will be found within them and/or that this must have been the case throughout their history. This article, however, explores how modern and earlier (18th-/early-20th-century) descriptions and commentaries on the Indo-Portuguese communities reveal a somewhat stratified linguistic repertoire not unlike that of various other creoles around the world. Based on a survey of sources of different periods and character, I argue that there is good reason to assume a considerable degree of sociolinguistic variation in the Indo- Portuguese communities even when the available sources do not record it, and that failure to do so may compromise the validity of our linguistic studies.
Research Interests: Portuguese, Sociolinguistics, Pidgins & Creoles, Pidgin and Creole Languages, Linguistic Variation, and 6 moreLanguage contact, Descriptive Linguistics, Language Documentation, Indigenous Languages, Sociolinguistics, Field Linguistics, Creole linguistics, Pidgins and Creoles, Languages in Contact, and Contact Linguistics Language Contact and Sociolinguistic Variation
This article is a study of the Dravido-Portuguese creoles of the Malabar (modern-day Kerala, India) and Sri Lanka in terms of the formal means they use to mark the addressee arguments of various predicates of verbal interaction (e.g.... more
This article is a study of the Dravido-Portuguese creoles of the Malabar (modern-day Kerala, India) and Sri Lanka in terms of the formal means they use to mark the addressee arguments of various predicates of verbal interaction (e.g. talk, say, ask,…), and compares the functional range of such markers in the creoles with their counterparts in the lexifier language (Portuguese) and in the Dravidian adstrates (Malayalam and Tamil). This comparative study shows the different contributions of the lexifier and of the adstrates to the case-marking system of the present-day Dravido-Portuguese creoles, as well as the ways in which the functional range of the creole case-markers reveal diachronic processes of functional reanalysis.
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This article contains what is possibly the most accurate wordlist of Portuguese-derived items in Saramaccan (a creole language spoken in the interior of Suriname) produced so far, and attempts to establish the proportions of Portuguese-... more
This article contains what is possibly the most accurate wordlist of Portuguese-derived items in Saramaccan (a creole language spoken in the interior of Suriname) produced so far, and attempts to establish the proportions of Portuguese- versus English-derived words - in this language. We believe that the results are very striking when the lexical category of the items concerned is taken into account. These observations are then analysed in the light of a possible scenario of the formation of Saramaccan involving the partial relexification of an earlier form of Sranan (the English-lexifier creole of the coast of Suriname) with Portuguese and/or a Portuguese-based Creole.
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"O crioulo indo-português de Diu teve a sua génese na primeira metade do séc. XVI, quando se efectivou a ocupação portuguesa da ilha. Do fundo linguístico a partir do qual se desenvolveu participaram o português (seu principal... more
"O crioulo indo-português de Diu teve a sua génese na primeira metade do séc. XVI, quando se efectivou a ocupação portuguesa da ilha. Do fundo linguístico a partir do qual se desenvolveu participaram o português (seu principal lexificador) - tanto o português metropolitano como variantes reestruturadas -, o guzerate e outras línguas sul-asiáticas e europeias. A descolonização, em dezembro de 1961, encerrou um período colonial de mais de quatro séculos durante o qual a língua portuguesa não deixou de estar activa em Diu (fosse no âmbito educativo, administrativo ou religioso). Assim, e dado o prestígio de que o português gozava entre a comunidade crioulófona, não surpreenderá que, em alguns domínios, o crioulo indo-português de Diu tenha acompanhado processos diacrónicos que alteraram o próprio português desde o séc. XVI. A continuada influência do português sobre o crioulo indo-português de Diu fica bem patente no seguinte comentário, escrito por um Diuense no início do séc. XX:
“De resto, em rigor, é agora difficil, se não impossivel, marcar a linha verdadeira a que se circumscrevia o antigo dialecto de Diu, vulgarmente conhecido por lingua norteira, tanto devido á escassez de material recolhido e classificado, como pelo progressivo aportuguezamento a que o mesmo dialecto se foi subordinando n'estes ultimos 20 annos. [...] e, em consequencia, o sucessivo desuso das formas glottologicas que eram a sua caracteristica” (Quadros 1907:193)
Neste contexto, torna-se relevante o facto de o crioulo de Diu actual exibir vários traços linguísticos exclusivos do português quinhentista. Aqui, analisaremos alguns, dos domínios do léxico e da fonologia/fonética, e discutiremos as suas implicações teóricas e para a reconstituição da diacronia do português."
“De resto, em rigor, é agora difficil, se não impossivel, marcar a linha verdadeira a que se circumscrevia o antigo dialecto de Diu, vulgarmente conhecido por lingua norteira, tanto devido á escassez de material recolhido e classificado, como pelo progressivo aportuguezamento a que o mesmo dialecto se foi subordinando n'estes ultimos 20 annos. [...] e, em consequencia, o sucessivo desuso das formas glottologicas que eram a sua caracteristica” (Quadros 1907:193)
Neste contexto, torna-se relevante o facto de o crioulo de Diu actual exibir vários traços linguísticos exclusivos do português quinhentista. Aqui, analisaremos alguns, dos domínios do léxico e da fonologia/fonética, e discutiremos as suas implicações teóricas e para a reconstituição da diacronia do português."
Research Interests: Diachronic Linguistics (Or Historical Linguistics), Historical Linguistics, Portuguese, Portuguese Studies, South Asian Studies, and 10 morePidgins & Creoles, South Asian Languages, Lingüística, India, Lingüística Histórica, Linguistica, Pidgins and Creoles, Portuguese Linguistics, Indo-Portuguese History, and Linguística Portuguesa
This article is primarily concerned with quantifying the African(-born) population in the early Portuguese settlements in India and defining its linguistic profile, as a means to understand the extent and limitations of its impact on the... more
This article is primarily concerned with quantifying the African(-born) population in the early Portuguese settlements in India and defining its linguistic profile, as a means to understand the extent and limitations of its impact on the emerging Indo-Portuguese creoles. Apart from long-established commercial links (including the slave trade) between East Africa and India, which could have facilitated linguistic interchange between the two regions, Smith (1984) and Clements (2000) also consider that the long African sojourn of all those travelling the Cape Route may have transported an African-developed pidgin to Asia. In this article, I concentrate on population displacement brought about by the slave trade.
Published sources and data uncovered during archival research allow a characterisation of the African population in terms of a) their numbers (relative to the overall population), b) their origin, and c) their position within the colonial social scale. The scenario that emerges for most territories of Portuguese India is that of a significant slave population distributed over the colonial households in small numbers, in what is best described as a ‘homestead society’ (Chaudenson 1992, 2001). It is also made evident that there was a steady influx of slave imports well into the 19th century, and also that the Bantu-speaking regions of modern-day Mozambique were the primary sources of slaves for the trade with Portuguese India.
Published sources and data uncovered during archival research allow a characterisation of the African population in terms of a) their numbers (relative to the overall population), b) their origin, and c) their position within the colonial social scale. The scenario that emerges for most territories of Portuguese India is that of a significant slave population distributed over the colonial households in small numbers, in what is best described as a ‘homestead society’ (Chaudenson 1992, 2001). It is also made evident that there was a steady influx of slave imports well into the 19th century, and also that the Bantu-speaking regions of modern-day Mozambique were the primary sources of slaves for the trade with Portuguese India.
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This article addresses the multiplicity of criteria involved in linguistic labeling, in particular with regard to the establishment of genetic taxonomies, and points out the largely extralinguistic considerations often involved in the... more
This article addresses the multiplicity of criteria involved in linguistic labeling, in particular with regard to the establishment of genetic taxonomies, and points out the largely extralinguistic considerations often involved in the resulting classifications and terminology. The matter of genetic classification is particularly complex when dealing with high-contact varieties, as their typological traits are likely to unveil the influence of a number of (often unrelated) ancestral languages. An analysis of the Portuguese-lexified creoles of Asia, in particular the Diu variety of Indo-Portuguese, not only makes it clear that applying the ‘European’ label to them is only weakly supported by typological evidence but can have detrimental consequences with respect to the languages’ social embedding in modern Asian societies as well as their maintenance. All these factors considered, it is suggested that linguists apply taxonomical labels only sparsely and clearly motivate their use, demonstrating sensitivity to the social echoes and possible implications of their terminology.
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This study contrasts the longevity of some Indo-Portuguese varieties with the consummated disappearance of others, to explore the challenges behind its present endangerment. Multilingualism alone is said not to pose a threat to the... more
This study contrasts the longevity of some Indo-Portuguese varieties with the consummated disappearance of others, to explore the challenges behind its present endangerment. Multilingualism alone is said not to pose a threat to the maintenance of minority languages unless the languages compete for the same domain(s) of usage or social function(s). Despite the territorial dispersion of Indo-Portuguese, data is primarily drawn from Diu, where it is shown that allegiance to (Indo-)Portuguese operates on different levels: a) Religion; b) Social status; c) Ideology; d) Age; e) Economic affluence; f) Education. Religion emerges as a central element, and is therefore an essential domain of intervention for preservation-oriented policies. A distinction is made between the challenges faced by Indo-Portuguese in areas of short-lived Portuguese rule (Cannanore or Korlai) and territories with a longer-standing colonial presence (Diu and Daman), in which Standard Portuguese enters the competitor pool alongside national and state languages (Hindi and Gujarati) or English. Given the status of Indo-Portuguese as a contact language, continuing co-existence with its lexifier and a conspicuous prestige differential between the two conspire to shape Diu Indo-Portuguese’s synchronic pattern of variation and to append an additional factor of endangerment to be separately addressed by policy-makers.
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The long-lasting presence of the Portuguese in Asia had an evident impact on several domains of culture, knowledge, and social practice across the continent, and also motivated exchanges which were carried over to Lusophone communities... more
The long-lasting presence of the Portuguese in Asia had an evident impact on several domains of culture, knowledge, and social practice across the continent, and also motivated exchanges which were carried over to Lusophone communities around the world. The products of Asian-Portuguese contacts are complex and multifaceted, and have been the object of scholarly interest since at least the 19th century - a history of academic exploration in which Goa has often taken centre stage, not just as an object of analysis but also as a centre of scholarly production focusing especially on the South Asian sphere. Despite this, there is still plenty to discover with respect to the impact of the Portuguese in Asia, in various geographies and domains. In this chapter, I argue that, when it comes to the specific area of Indo-Portuguese linguistic interactions, scholars and institutions in Goa are in a privileged position to make original contributions, on account of their access to sources (written archival sources as well as spoken linguistic manifestations still in practice across South Asia), and of a unique confluence of linguistic proficiency which combines Portuguese and an array of South Asian languages (including, but not restricted to, Konkani). This is meant to
highlight significant opportunities for scholars in Goa to engage
productively in the area of Contact Linguistics, turning Goa
once again into a centre of Indo-Portuguese linguistic research.
highlight significant opportunities for scholars in Goa to engage
productively in the area of Contact Linguistics, turning Goa
once again into a centre of Indo-Portuguese linguistic research.
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In this article I compare and contrast the comparative constructions in the Luso-Asian Creoles, establishing their similarities and dissimilarities with Portuguese as well as with all the most relevant adstrate languages. Through a... more
In this article I compare and contrast the comparative constructions in the Luso-Asian Creoles, establishing their similarities and dissimilarities with Portuguese as well as with all the most relevant adstrate languages. Through a detailed look at a particular construction, this study aims to uncover the various creoles’ degree of reliance on either lexifier or adstrate models and unearth potential links between them. The results of this study are then articulated with a number of comments previously made about the Luso-Asian creoles in particular (such as their interrelatedness, and the perceived impact of socio-historical differences on linguistic structure) and language contact in general (such as the role of congruence in the selection of linguistic features).
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Portuguese‐lexified creoles (PLCs) include some of the oldest of the European‐lexified creoles which developed out of the colonial expansion of the Early Modern Age. This chapter describes in detail the current and past distribution of... more
Portuguese‐lexified creoles (PLCs) include some of the oldest of the European‐lexified creoles which developed out of the colonial expansion of the Early Modern Age. This chapter describes in detail the current and past distribution of the PLCs. It surveys diachronic proposals applicable within subgroups of PLCs. The chapter focuses on theories that imply the influence of a PLC or Portuguese‐lexified pidgin on contact languages currently not classified as Portuguese‐lexified. One of the most interesting effects of the inaugural role of Portuguese in the European global linguistic expansion of the Modern Age is that, for various reasons and to different degrees, Portuguese often came to impact the linguistic repertoire of the colonizers who followed and, on many occasions, occupied places where this language had already created roots. Wherever PLCs have remained in close contact with Portuguese, a number of different trajectories can be identified.
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Sri Lanka Portuguese (SLP) is a Portuguese-lexified creole formed during Sri Lanka’s Portuguese colonial period, which lasted from the early 16th century to the mid-17th century. The language withstood several political changes and became... more
Sri Lanka Portuguese (SLP) is a Portuguese-lexified creole formed during Sri Lanka’s Portuguese colonial period, which lasted from the early 16th century to the mid-17th century. The language withstood several political changes and became an important medium of communication for a portion of the island’s population, but reached the late 20th century much reduced in its distribution and vitality, having essentially contracted to the Portuguese Burgher community of Eastern Sri Lanka. In the 1970s and 1980s, the language was the object of considerable research and documentation efforts, which were, however, curtailed by the Sri Lankan civil war. This chapter reports on the activities, challenges, and results of a recent documentation project developed in the post-war period and designed to create an appropriate and diverse record of modern SLP. The project is characterised by a highly multidisciplinary approach that combines linguistics and ethnomusicology, a strong focus on video recordings and open-access dissemination of materials through an online digital platform (Endangered Languages Archive), archival prospection to collect diachronic sources, a sociolinguistic component aimed at determining ethnolinguistic vitality with a view to delineating revitalisation strategies, and a strongly collaborative nature. This chapter describes the principal outputs of the documentation project, which, in addition to a digital corpus of transcribed and annotated materials representing modern manifestations of SLP and the oral/musical traditions of the Burghers, also include the findings of the sociolinguistic survey, an orthographic proposal for the language, as well as the copies and transcriptions of hard-to-obtain historical sources on SLP (grammars, dictionaries, biblical translations, liturgical texts, collections of songs).
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"The formation of Luso-Asian communities and identities, from the 16th century onwards, was accompanied by the development of vibrant oral traditions, which include songs, prayers, stories, riddles, etc. This article starts by looking at... more
"The formation of Luso-Asian communities and identities, from the 16th century onwards, was accompanied by the development of vibrant oral traditions, which include songs, prayers, stories, riddles, etc. This article starts by looking at the song repertoire of the Indo-Portuguese communities of the former Província do Norte (centred on the cities of Bassein, Bombay, Chaul, Daman and Diu). I will describe this relatively understudied repertoire, and establish its position within the wider context of Luso-Asian oral traditions across Asia. I intend to show the extent to which the social history of these communities can account not only for commonalities among repertoires from as far afield as India, Sri Lanka, Malacca/Singapore and Macau, but also some of their differences. The significance of this type of research for the history of the Luso-Asian communities rests on the principle that the exchange of cultural/linguistic elements implies population movement and contact.
The oral repertoire of the Norteiro communities is still vital in Diu and Daman, and further data is available in various written sources (e.g. Schuchardt 1883; Dalgado 1902-3; 1906; Moniz 1923; O Oriente Português bulletin). Its analysis reveals a number of important characteristics:
a) Linguistic heterogeneity: part of the observed formal heterogeneity is introduced by the collectors’ orthographic preferences (which often betray their linguistic attitudes), but the linguistic register of songs does vary, ranging from the various creoles of these communities to European Portuguese and variable approximations which testify to the complex sociolinguistic profile of these communities throughout their history;
b) Thematic breadth: the corpus contains both religious and profane songs, and their linguistic characteristics indicate very different social origins and formative contexts;
c) Recurrence of thematic elements: the repetition of themes and verses in the oral traditions of various territories is evident, suggesting a history of cultural exchange and population mobility;
d) Nativisation of thematic elements: recurrent themes and poetic material are often given a local flavour through the addition of strictly local referents (e.g. toponyms) and, in the process, are recombined and rearranged in a free and creative manner.
Although the territories of the former Província do Norte form a particularly close-knit unit, I will show that the links revealed by their oral repertoire extend to elsewhere in South Asia, Southeast and East Asia. It will become clear that, despite their obvious differences, the oral traditions of all Luso-Asian communities (from India to Malacca, Macau and Java) did not develop in isolation, but through a process of intense socio-cultural contact which is gaining increasing historical support.
References
DALGADO, S. R. - Dialecto indo-português de Damão. Ta-Ssi-Yang-Kuo 3 (1902) 359-367; 4 (1903) 515-523.
DALGADO, S. R. - Dialecto indo-português do Norte. Revista Lusitana 9 (1906) 142-166; 193-228.
MONIZ, A. F. - Notícias e documentos para a história de Damão – Antiga Província do Norte, vol. I.Bastorá: Tip. «Rangel», 1923.
SCHUCHARDT, H. - Kreolische Studien III. Über das Indoportugiesische von Diu. Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Wien (philosophisch-historische Klasse) 103 (1883) 3-18."
The oral repertoire of the Norteiro communities is still vital in Diu and Daman, and further data is available in various written sources (e.g. Schuchardt 1883; Dalgado 1902-3; 1906; Moniz 1923; O Oriente Português bulletin). Its analysis reveals a number of important characteristics:
a) Linguistic heterogeneity: part of the observed formal heterogeneity is introduced by the collectors’ orthographic preferences (which often betray their linguistic attitudes), but the linguistic register of songs does vary, ranging from the various creoles of these communities to European Portuguese and variable approximations which testify to the complex sociolinguistic profile of these communities throughout their history;
b) Thematic breadth: the corpus contains both religious and profane songs, and their linguistic characteristics indicate very different social origins and formative contexts;
c) Recurrence of thematic elements: the repetition of themes and verses in the oral traditions of various territories is evident, suggesting a history of cultural exchange and population mobility;
d) Nativisation of thematic elements: recurrent themes and poetic material are often given a local flavour through the addition of strictly local referents (e.g. toponyms) and, in the process, are recombined and rearranged in a free and creative manner.
Although the territories of the former Província do Norte form a particularly close-knit unit, I will show that the links revealed by their oral repertoire extend to elsewhere in South Asia, Southeast and East Asia. It will become clear that, despite their obvious differences, the oral traditions of all Luso-Asian communities (from India to Malacca, Macau and Java) did not develop in isolation, but through a process of intense socio-cultural contact which is gaining increasing historical support.
References
DALGADO, S. R. - Dialecto indo-português de Damão. Ta-Ssi-Yang-Kuo 3 (1902) 359-367; 4 (1903) 515-523.
DALGADO, S. R. - Dialecto indo-português do Norte. Revista Lusitana 9 (1906) 142-166; 193-228.
MONIZ, A. F. - Notícias e documentos para a história de Damão – Antiga Província do Norte, vol. I.Bastorá: Tip. «Rangel», 1923.
SCHUCHARDT, H. - Kreolische Studien III. Über das Indoportugiesische von Diu. Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Wien (philosophisch-historische Klasse) 103 (1883) 3-18."
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This paper provides a state-of-the-art of current research on the Indo-Portuguese creoles of the Malabar. These creoles were off the radar of linguists and historians alike for a long while, to the point of having been given as extinct.... more
This paper provides a state-of-the-art of current research on the Indo-Portuguese creoles of the Malabar. These creoles were off the radar of linguists and historians alike for a long while, to the point of having been given as extinct. Yet, in the domain of language contact in Asia, they are particularly important as potential descendants of the earliest forms of contact varieties of Portuguese to form in this continent in the 16th century, and raise questions which interact with a social historiography of the Indo-Portuguese communities of the region. Here, I examine four aspects of the study of these languages which operate on a linguistic-historical interface: a) the social conditions required for their formation; b) their course after the end of Portuguese colonial rule; c) their putative foundational role in the context of Luso-Asian creoles; and d) the social and linguistic stratification encapsulated in modern and late 19th-century records. This discussion is meant as a step towards the integration of linguistic evidence into the study of Indo-Portuguese social history, and of historical evidence into the study of Indo-Portuguese linguistics.
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While Jacques Arends’ research primarily dealt with the Surinamese Creoles, his findings and proposals were far-reaching; he was an active participant in the overall debate on the formation of creole languages, into which he brought sound... more
While Jacques Arends’ research primarily dealt with the Surinamese Creoles, his findings and proposals were far-reaching; he was an active participant in the overall debate on the formation of creole languages, into which he brought sound historical data as well as the theoretical tools necessary for their incorporation. For a recent observer of Creole Studies, some of the main themes in Jacques Arends’ research may now seem commonplace, but a look at the debates raging in the field in the 1980s and 1990s makes it clear that Jacques at the forefront of several theoretical and methodological advancements in the study of pidgins and creoles. This survey deals with just one of these; it is my purpose to contextualize Jacques Arends’ concept of what came to be known as ‘gradual creolization’ and link this particular line of research with several associated ideas and methods to be found in Jacques’ work.
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A partir do século XVI, a língua portuguesa teve grande difusão um pouco por toda a Ásia e o Pacífico, sobretudo em consequência de dinâmicas de expansão colonial mas também por outras vias, tais como a imigração. Este capítulo apresenta... more
A partir do século XVI, a língua portuguesa teve grande difusão um pouco por toda a Ásia e o Pacífico, sobretudo em consequência de dinâmicas de expansão colonial mas também por outras vias, tais como a imigração. Este capítulo apresenta e ilustra a diversidade de contextos de contacto linguístico que este facto motivou, bem como os seus principais resultados: os empréstimos mútuos (sobretudo lexicais) entre o português e as línguas da região; a influência duradoura do português nas línguas de contacto posteriormente estabelecidas em contexto colonial; e o desenvolvimento de variedades asiáticas do português, muitas vezes em paralelo e articulação com o de línguas crioulas de base portuguesa, dando relevo às que subsistem, ao panorama atual dos estudos científicos sobre estas variedades e aos domínios de investigação em aberto.
Research Interests: Asian Studies, Southeast Asian Studies, Languages and Linguistics, Historical Linguistics, Portuguese, and 13 morePortuguese Studies, South Asian Studies, South Asia, Southeast Asia, East Asian Studies, Asia Pacific Region, Linguistics, Portuguese Language, Language contact, Pacific Studies, Portuguese Linguistics, Languages in Contact, and Asia/Pacific
Os crioulos de base lexical portuguesa foram, na maioria dos casos, línguas orais até ao século XIX, quando começaram a surgir as primeiras recolhas de tradições orais, textos e traduções. Como lhes falta uma tradição escrita robusta e... more
Os crioulos de base lexical portuguesa foram, na maioria dos casos, línguas orais até ao século XIX, quando começaram a surgir as primeiras recolhas de tradições orais, textos e traduções. Como lhes falta uma tradição escrita robusta e generalizada, a nossa recolha e descrição abrangem, além de antologias, materiais que, não sendo antologias no sentido restrito, resultam de um trabalho de compilação de fontes escritas ou orais.
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Research Interests: Music, Languages and Linguistics, Ethnomusicology, Sociolinguistics, Language Documentation, and 12 moreEndangered Languages, Pidgins & Creoles, Sri Lanka, Linguistics, Pidgin and Creole Languages, Sri Lankan Studies, Creole linguistics, Pidgins and Creoles, Sri Lanka Portuguese, Portuguese-Based Creoles, Language documentation and conservation, and Language Documentation and Description
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Paper presented at the International Conference ‘Language contact in India: Historical, typological and sociolinguistic perspectives’, Deccan College, Pune, India, February 4th, 2016
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Plenary talk given at the joint meeting of the SPCL and ACBLPE, Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Austria, July 7th, 2015
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Paper presented at the IV CILH - Congresso International de Linguística Histórica, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal, July 20th, 2017.
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Paper presented at the 31st South Asian Languages Analysis Roundtable (SALA-31), University of Lancaster, May 15th 2015