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Research Interests: Economics, Socioeconomics, Agronomy, Social Sciences, Organic agriculture, and 15 moreAgricultural Economics, Agriculture, Organic Farming, Organic Food, Environmental Sciences, Conversion, Object, Intensive farming, Production System, Scientific Production, Point of View, Organic and Conventional Agriculture, Social Science, Driving force, and organic product
Seven potential controversial topics in agroecology are presented and discussed from a European perspective comparing the position of Agroecology Europe (AEEU) obtained from an iterative, participatory approach with members and compared... more
Seven potential controversial topics in agroecology are presented and discussed from a European perspective comparing the position of Agroecology Europe (AEEU) obtained from an iterative, participatory approach with members and compared with published literature, including views from other parts of the world. The seven controversial topics as follows: i) use of agrochemicals; ii) small-scale and peasant farming versus larger farms; iii) technological innovations in agriculture and precision farming; iv) biotechnology and genetic engineering in agriculture; v) local and short food circuits; vi) social justice; vii) gender perspective. The analysis shows that there are diverse points of view related to geographical area and sociopolitical contexts. However, there are several convergences in the ambition to redesign farming and food systems, as a lever acting on several topics, and in considering agroecology with a holistic, participatory, multiactor approach for the needed transition.
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HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci-entific research documents, whether they are pub-lished or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad,... more
HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci-entific research documents, whether they are pub-lished or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et a ̀ la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.
The overall goal of work package 2, “Identifying research topics for transnational calls”, was to identify research topics for transnational calls within CORE Organic II. This deliverable first provides an overview on the selection and... more
The overall goal of work package 2, “Identifying research topics for transnational calls”, was to identify research topics for transnational calls within CORE Organic II. This deliverable first provides an overview on the selection and prioritization processes for the 1st, 2nd and 3rd call, then presents the research topics initiated under CORE Organic II and finally identifies remaining research gaps. This deliverable refers in several aspects to the deliverables 2.1 and 2.3, finalized earlier. Here we summarize the main experiences to share with other ERA-NETs. Furthermore we provide an update of relevant aspects around research on organic food and farming in the partner countries. Towards the end of CORE Organic II, we made an update of a survey carried out in 2010 and described in deliverable 2.1. The updated tables are presented in the annex.
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Analysis of transition forms towards more ecologically-oriented farming: the case of organic farming and integrated crop protection Interdisciplinary approaches developed concerning the conversion to organic farming show that the types of... more
Analysis of transition forms towards more ecologically-oriented farming: the case of organic farming and integrated crop protection Interdisciplinary approaches developed concerning the conversion to organic farming show that the types of conversion trajectories can be differentiated on the basis of the progression of crop protection changes within a larger framework where relationships to other "objects" are transformed - the soil, products, rotations, work organisation, marketing, social networks and knowledge acquisition. In the case of integrated plant production, the extent of changes depends on the degree of recomposition of agronomic practices. This transition implies major knowledge acquisition that relies on the support and contribution of advisors and on the group dynamics that develop within a group of farmers. Transitions towards integrated crop protection are, by their nature, more reversible and therefore more fragile than the conversion to organic farming. T...
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Depuis quelques annees, l’agroecologie connait un essor en phase avec des desirs de rupture par rapport aux formes conventionnelles d’agriculture. L’usage du terme a depasse le cercle des specialistes de l’agriculture. Mais qui sait... more
Depuis quelques annees, l’agroecologie connait un essor en phase avec des desirs de rupture par rapport aux formes conventionnelles d’agriculture. L’usage du terme a depasse le cercle des specialistes de l’agriculture. Mais qui sait vraiment ce qui se cache derriere ce terme ? D’ou vient l’agroecologie ? Quels en sont les divers promoteurs ? Comment s’est-elle deployee ? Quelles en sont les formes contemporaines, agricoles mais aussi sociales ? Comment s’articulent les multiples dimensions et acteurs de l’agroecologie ? Quels sont ses enjeux, ses modalites de developpement et ses valeurs ? Pour repondre a ces questions, les auteurs s’appuient sur leurs experiences de recherche et de formation, en France et a l’etranger. Ils montrent que les visages de l’agroecologie sont multiples, car elle se deploie selon toute une gamme de situations historiques, geographiques, institutionnelles, sociales. Loin de n’etre qu’un ensemble de techniques agricoles, l’agroecologie doit s’apprehender co...
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Agroecology, first conceptualised in the mid-1920s, has recently been attracting increasing interest as an alternative to more industrialised forms of agriculture. However, there is a lack of consistency in definitions of agroecology,... more
Agroecology, first conceptualised in the mid-1920s, has recently been attracting increasing interest as an alternative to more industrialised forms of agriculture. However, there is a lack of consistency in definitions of agroecology, ranging from an academic discipline to a movement for the socio-economic as well as ecological transformation of agriculture. There is also a lack of clarity as to its relationship with other alternative agricultural approaches that have many principles in common, such as conservation agriculture and organic farming. This conceptual fluidity creates tensions in debates, but also makes agroecology attractive to policy makers and scientists who may be less comfortable with more rigidly defined approaches. In this position paper, we explore some of the underlying issues and tensions, to see if it is possible to reach a common conceptualisation that can serve as basis for policy making. The authors have several decades of research experience in the develop...
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L’agroecologie (AE) s’internationalise et s’institutionnalise. Ce mouvement interesse ou interpelle l’agriculture biologique (AB). Inversement, l’AB sert de reference en AE, en particulier pour eclairer le potentiel de transition... more
L’agroecologie (AE) s’internationalise et s’institutionnalise. Ce mouvement interesse ou interpelle l’agriculture biologique (AB). Inversement, l’AB sert de reference en AE, en particulier pour eclairer le potentiel de transition agroecologique. L’objet de ce texte est de montrer comment les relations entre AB et AE orientent leurs dynamiques. En s’attachant aux trajectoires de l’AB et de l’AE, ainsi qu’a leurs interactions, il apparait que ces relations ne sont ni inclusives, ni exclusives. Leur fond commun se manifeste dans les annees 70. Mais des differences apparaissent egalement entre ces deux champs. Une grille de lecture analytique est proposee dans une deuxieme section, pour les comparer a l’aune d’une douzaine de criteres. Cette approche comparative est completee par un examen des themes d’etude privilegies ou partages, a partir de publications scientifiques et techniques internationales. L’AB y est mieux documentee que l’AE, mais leurs centres d’interet different. La trois...
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O desenvolvimento da agricultura orgânica (AO) no Brasil tem multiplas formas. Alem de um nicho de mercado ou de uma oportunidade de exportacao, consiste numa pratica social alternativa, que recria espacos de producao e novas relacoes... more
O desenvolvimento da agricultura orgânica (AO) no Brasil tem multiplas formas. Alem de um nicho de mercado ou de uma oportunidade de exportacao, consiste numa pratica social alternativa, que recria espacos de producao e novas relacoes entre produtores, mercado e consumidores. Por meio de suas experiencias com a AO, em uma comunidade proxima a tres metropoles, horticultores familiares de Ibiuna, SP, criaram entidades coletivas e experimentaram novas praticas sociais. No estudo, mostrou-se como esses minifundios foram organizados para desenvolver agricultura orgânica e responder a diversos objetivos. Com base nas entrevistas e nas observacoes de campo, foram consideradas as formas concretas de organizacao e de desenvolvimento da agricultura orgânica. No primeiro momento, foi apresentado um quadro teorico desse estudo sobre os desafios da agricultura orgânica em Ibiuna. Em seguida, descreveu-se o universo da pesquisa e caracterizou-se o desenvolvimento da agricultura orgânica como proj...
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3 Insufficient Weed management F. Xavier Sans, Ulrich Schmutz, Wijnand Sukkel 3.1 Insufficient weed management: information and communication techniques and mechanical tools 4 Pest and diseases Inger Bertelsen Luisa Manici 4.1 Pest and... more
3 Insufficient Weed management F. Xavier Sans, Ulrich Schmutz, Wijnand Sukkel 3.1 Insufficient weed management: information and communication techniques and mechanical tools 4 Pest and diseases Inger Bertelsen Luisa Manici 4.1 Pest and diseases: Functional bio-diversity 4 Pest and diseases Luisa Manici 4.2 Pest and diseases: Biotech problems 5 Variety choice Nadia Rigucci, Aira Sevron, Véronique Chable 5.1 Variety choice: On-farm breeding and seed production
Through the conventionalization thesis, many authors question organic farming (OF) dynamics. A possible alternative option would be an ecologization of OF, albeit without compromising productivity. This turn to an ecologization could be... more
Through the conventionalization thesis, many authors question organic farming (OF) dynamics. A possible alternative option would be an ecologization of OF, albeit without compromising productivity. This turn to an ecologization could be more marked in intensive systems, namely for vegetable farming systems under shelters. Fertility maintenance and crop protection enhancing natural biological activity seem to be a tangible option for such systems. However it may be difficult in some systems to answer these goals. In this scope, a survey was conducted in 29 vegetable farms in the south of France to understand the relationships between farmers' practices and the integration of natural regulations (NR) in their systems. It showed an important diversity of agricultural practices. A cleavage, under what can be defined as a conventionalised OF and a canonical OF could be shown. Concerning the integration of NR processes in practice by the farmers, it appeared a predominance of farmers ...
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Apesar de o modelo agricola convencional ou industrial ter proporcionado aumentos significativos de produtividade dos cultivos e formado sistemas “aparentemente” rentaveis, tem sido severamente questionado por estar associado a uma serie... more
Apesar de o modelo agricola convencional ou industrial ter proporcionado aumentos significativos de produtividade dos cultivos e formado sistemas “aparentemente” rentaveis, tem sido severamente questionado por estar associado a uma serie de problemas ecologicos e socioambientais...
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Research Interests: Geography and Agriculture
La coopération universitaire entre la France et le Brésil a été mise en place dans les années 1970. On suit ici celle qui s’est nouée plus particulièrement dans le domaine de la sociologie rurale et de l’environnement, au travers d’un... more
La coopération universitaire entre la France et le Brésil a été mise en place dans les années 1970. On suit ici celle qui s’est nouée plus particulièrement dans le domaine de la sociologie rurale et de l’environnement, au travers d’un accord initial entre un laboratoire CNRS de l’Université Paris Nanterre et une université de la Paraíba au Brésil. Au rythme d’accords successifs allant jusqu’à aujourd’hui, le réseau des coopérations s’est étendu aussi bien en France en impliquant en particulier des institutions liées à l’agronomie qu’au Brésil où des universités du Sud ont rejoint la coopération au gré des divers accords. En retraçant une collaboration remarquable par sa continuité, nous montrons comment elle a évolué vers plus de parité entre partenaires et en quoi elle fut en prise avec les courants d’idées irriguant les milieux académiques certes, mais aussi les mouvements sociaux, loin d’être à la traîne de ces derniers.
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In recent years, a growing number of actors and institutions, in different countries, have begun using the notion of Agroecology, which has led to an expansion of its polysemy and its controversies. Taking this into account, this paper... more
In recent years, a growing number of actors and institutions, in different countries, have begun using the notion of Agroecology, which has led to an expansion of its polysemy and its controversies. Taking this into account, this paper analyzes, based on the Brazilian and French experiences, the peculiarities of Agroecology in four different fields: science, social movements, government policies, and education. It also discusses three other issues: the analytical, programmatic and normative discourses; the different definitions, in the fields of science and education, of the object of study of Agroecology; and the different formulations regarding its fundamental principles. It is argued that, in this new context, recognition of this pluralism and the controversies acquires a central role in the construction of knowledge in the various fields linked to Agroecology.
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This chapter examines how small-scale horticultural farmers in Ibiúna, São Paulo, Brazil, are organized, or organize themselves, to capture urban demand and develop organic production. The case study starts from the theoretical viewpoint... more
This chapter examines how small-scale horticultural farmers in Ibiúna, São Paulo, Brazil, are organized, or organize themselves, to capture urban demand and develop organic production. The case study starts from the theoretical viewpoint that organic farming is a social strategy, committed to creating spaces for agricultural production in order to rebuild rural communities. The study uses an institutional framework to investigate modes of organization, and the dynamic of economic and social relations. Secondly, the study characterizes the process of organic farming as social development in Ibiúna, and identifies contingent economic and environmental interactions. Thirdly, the study analyses the evolution of organizational forms through various initiatives to aid production, certification and distribution, and shows how stakeholders can select and marginalize farmers. Finally, the chapter outlines those elements of social organic development, and discusses available strategies to red...
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Summary This is a summary of the discussion during the workshop 2.6 on conventionalisation of organic farming and how farmers or farmers' associations avoid conventionalisation. It also includes the abstracts of the papers that were... more
Summary This is a summary of the discussion during the workshop 2.6 on conventionalisation of organic farming and how farmers or farmers' associations avoid conventionalisation. It also includes the abstracts of the papers that were presented during ...
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Research Interests: Environmental Science, Computer Science, Resilience, Complex System, Resistance, and 11 moreEvolutionary approach, Complex dynamic systems, Position Paper, Systeme, Adaptive Management, Complex Dynamical Systems, Adaptive capacity, Farm management, FARMING SYSTEM, Degree of Freedom, and Adaptive design
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Analysis of the spatial distribution of organic farming in the Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur (PACA) region of France: building a methodology for observation and prospective Analysis of the distribution of organic farming and its... more
Analysis of the spatial distribution of organic farming in the Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur (PACA) region of France: building a methodology for observation and prospective Analysis of the distribution of organic farming and its determinants is a major challenge for the construction of scenarios related to the evolution of organic farming that take the set of factors that limit or facilitate conversions and their sustainability into account. In order to support different development scenarios for organic farming in view of environmental and marketing challenges, an econometric and geostatistic study was initiated in the PACA region. The approach consists of three stages. The first stage involves the construction, over a 20-year period, of a longitudinal spatial database concerning certified organic producers and distributors. This database is georeferenced at the plot level. It will then be necessary to statistically analyse the trends and the determinants of the organic farming di...
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Malgre un fort potentiel tant en production qu’en recherche, la France ne s’est jusque-ici pas suffisamment impliquee a la hauteur des enjeux dans des appels a projets pour le developpement de l’agriculture biologique. Ceci peut etre... more
Malgre un fort potentiel tant en production qu’en recherche, la France ne s’est jusque-ici pas suffisamment impliquee a la hauteur des enjeux dans des appels a projets pour le developpement de l’agriculture biologique. Ceci peut etre attribue a un manque de mobilisation collective et a la petite taille ou a la dispersion des equipes de recherche impliquees en bio. Ce document vise a compenser cette lacune, en s’inspirant de la demarche des plateformes technologiques europeennes. Ce programme-cadre est un panorama des besoins de recherche identifies par les acteurs francais pour appuyer le developpement de l’agriculture biologique. Il vise d’une part a suggerer des themes aux financeurs qui elaborent des appels a projets tant en France qu’au niveau europeen et d’autre part a inspirer les equipes de chercheurs susceptibles d’y contribuer. Il resulte d’un travail collaboratif conduit pendant une annee et demie par une equipe de volontaires et nourri par plusieurs consultations avec des...
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To help the development of Organic Food and Farming (OFF) systems, there is the need to consolidate conversions to OF, to support entry into organic farming, and to develop existing organic farms. Therefore a group of extensionists,... more
To help the development of Organic Food and Farming (OFF) systems, there is the need to consolidate conversions to OF, to support entry into organic farming, and to develop existing organic farms. Therefore a group of extensionists, researchers and educators has being working 2 years long to co-design a framework for OFF, taking into account the need to (i) embrace all forms of OFF, and at the same time to (ii) address the specificities of OFF. This project, called REF’AB (REFerentiel de l’Agriculture Biologique, 2010-2012) aims at designing the organization of set of references produced on shared methodological bases. The approach consisted in identifying key-issues of OFF systems, defining indicators, identifying relevant databases and references to feed the framework, and providing recommendations for governance to optimise the establishment and circulation of references. The outcomes of this project is that first it was not necessarily clear what a framework for OFF should be, a...
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Together with its growing recognition, organic agriculture continues to develop. In this paper, we address this development with two paradigms decomposition and identity –in the perspective of organic redesign. Our viewpoint combines... more
Together with its growing recognition, organic agriculture continues to develop. In this paper, we address this development with two paradigms decomposition and identity –in the perspective of organic redesign. Our viewpoint combines research in the agronomic and social sciences. The proposed approach is threefold. First, we show that the tension between the diversity and identity of organics is resolved by the adaptation of its frameworks. Then, we account for the main recent dynamics in the organic sector and translate them into research and development challenges, while specifying the roles of institutions in such orientations. Finally, we address two related issues: the redesign of organic systems and the redefinition of the expected performances for an organic agriculture in keeping with societal expectations. A challenge is to maintain innovative capacities while preserving organic identity. This research paper reviews the literature on organic food and farming (OF&F) from var...
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Au regard des objectifs de développement de l’agriculture biologique (AB) affichés au niveau français, l’élevage est potentiellement un contributeur important. Le modèle de polyculture-élevage est un des fondamentaux de l’AB et a fait la... more
Au regard des objectifs de développement de l’agriculture biologique (AB) affichés au niveau français, l’élevage est potentiellement un contributeur important. Le modèle de polyculture-élevage est un des fondamentaux de l’AB et a fait la preuve de sa robustesse. Mais aujourd’hui, on constate une diversité d’intégrations de l’élevage dans des unités de production, et des exigences nouvelles s’imposent à l’AB en termes de performances, du fait d’évolutions réglementaires ou de la situation des marchés. Quatre thématiques de recherche sont jugées prioritaires : i) concevoir des systèmes d’élevage plus autonomes et économes en intrants, en combinant expérimentations et suivis en ferme ; ii) évaluer l’état sanitaire des troupeaux et les outils thérapeutiques alternatifs, conformément aux attendus réglemen- taires en termes de santé et de bien-être des animaux ; iii) améliorer la maîtrise des qualités nutritionnelles, sensorielles et sanitaires des produits animaux ; iv) renforcer les int...