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All eyes are on the skies above Syria which have become the potential flashpoint for conflict between Russia and the West after Russian aircraft conducting airstrikes against anti-Assad rebels reportedly violated Turkish airspace, raising... more
All eyes are on the skies above Syria which have become the potential flashpoint for conflict between Russia and the West after Russian aircraft conducting airstrikes against anti-Assad rebels reportedly violated Turkish airspace, raising the possibility of NATO getting drawn into a rapidly escalating crisis.
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Feel lonely? What about reading books? Book is one of the greatest friends to accompany while in your lonely time. When you have no friends and activities somewhere and sometimes, reading book can be a great choice. This is not only for... more
Feel lonely? What about reading books? Book is one of the greatest friends to accompany while in your lonely time. When you have no friends and activities somewhere and sometimes, reading book can be a great choice. This is not only for spending the time, it will increase the knowledge. Of course the b=benefits to take will relate to what kind of book that you are reading. And now, we will concern you to try reading the baltic states from the soviet union to the european union identity discourse and power in the as one of the reading material to finish quickly.
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Acknowledgements Abbreviations Introduction I. Analyzing Foreign Policy in the Baltic Context II. Foreign Policy and Nation Building III. Estonian Foreign Policy after Enlargement IV. Latvian Foreign Policy after Enlargement V. Lithuanian... more
Acknowledgements Abbreviations Introduction I. Analyzing Foreign Policy in the Baltic Context II. Foreign Policy and Nation Building III. Estonian Foreign Policy after Enlargement IV. Latvian Foreign Policy after Enlargement V. Lithuanian Foreign Policy after Enlargement VI. Cooperation among the Baltic States VII. Baltic States and European Integration Conclusion Notes Bibliography Index About the Authors
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On July 31, while it remained unclear exactly how directly involved in the Ukrainian crisis Russia is, the British media ominously reported that Nato had been deemed unready to fight a war with Russia.
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The North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO), once again saved from potential irrelevance, has come to the fore in the West’s reaction to the Ukraine crisis. In the aftermath of its withdrawal from Afghanistan, not to mention the... more
The North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO), once again saved from potential irrelevance, has come to the fore in the West’s reaction to the Ukraine crisis. In the aftermath of its withdrawal from Afghanistan, not to mention the international armed intervention in Libya to oust the Gaddafi regime in 2011, NATO’s role in European defence and security was again being questioned.
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The dangerous skies over Syria have now earned their reputation. The Turkish foreign ministry has confirmed that its forces had shot down a fighter aircraft near the Turkish border with Syria. The Russian foreign ministry confirmed soon... more
The dangerous skies over Syria have now earned their reputation. The Turkish foreign ministry has confirmed that its forces had shot down a fighter aircraft near the Turkish border with Syria. The Russian foreign ministry confirmed soon afterwards that it has lost an SU-24 over Syria.
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So often we come across edited collections which talk around a subject, but offer little in narrative. This collection offers a strong, methodical narrative concerning national identity in Russian culture. The editors have brought... more
So often we come across edited collections which talk around a subject, but offer little in narrative. This collection offers a strong, methodical narrative concerning national identity in Russian culture. The editors have brought together a wide range of contributions that are ...
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words of the author, ‘if diplomacy is defined as international relations conducted by peaceful negotiations, then war can be seen as its failure’ (p. 35): a definition which has a very contemporary ring to it. The next two chapters deal... more
words of the author, ‘if diplomacy is defined as international relations conducted by peaceful negotiations, then war can be seen as its failure’ (p. 35): a definition which has a very contemporary ring to it. The next two chapters deal with various aspects of the emerging Soviet state in the diplomatic world, detailing the strong initial links between the Comintern and the People’s Commissariat of Foreign Affairs; the work of the Council of Ambassadors; the effect of the purges on the personnel of the People’s Commissariat of Foreign Affairs; and the important role of trade and economic development in the promotion of diplomacy between all the world’s great powers of the period:
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The European minority rights regime is a construction by states for states and as we see in Chapter 3, state preferences are key determining factors in the regime’s effectiveness. Nevertheless, as highlighted in Chapter 4, there exists a... more
The European minority rights regime is a construction by states for states and as we see in Chapter 3, state preferences are key determining factors in the regime’s effectiveness. Nevertheless, as highlighted in Chapter 4, there exists a tension within the prominent minority rights narrative that pits state against minority. This narrative runs that states are the holders of ultimate authority over the territory on which they sit while minorities naturally seek to change the nature of this authority, at the least, or reject it altogether, at the most. The end of the Cold War witnessed a great deal of border changes and unfulfilled claims. Some of these claims still exist today in the former Yugoslavia, such as Kosovo, and the former Soviet Union, such as those breakaway regions in Moldova, Georgia and Azerbaijan. Thus, first and foremost, the European minority rights regime was established to maintain these boundaries as far as they could be maintained. For instance, there was very little outcry in the international system to the dismantlement of Yugoslavia and the Soviet Union. At the same time, that from the beginning that ethno-nationalism was best checked by democratic institutions and principles (not just elections). And in this way, Central and Eastern Europe states would be required to meet certain criteria to accede to the Council of Europe firstly and the European Union and NATO secondly.
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The British government has published its Strategic Defence and Security Review – a document setting out how it plans to fund military operations.
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Following the end of the Cold War minority rights became an important part of democratization in Central and Eastern Europe. With minority rights a condition in the EU‟s Copenhagen criteria of 1993, post-communist states were compelled to... more
Following the end of the Cold War minority rights became an important part of democratization in Central and Eastern Europe. With minority rights a condition in the EU‟s Copenhagen criteria of 1993, post-communist states were compelled to deal with minority issues as part of accession procedures. In the absence of EU acquis on minority rights, the OSCE and the Council of Europe have also played a role in monitoring candidates‟ compliance with the „minority condition‟ in the context of the 2004 and 2007 rounds of EU enlargement. This inter-organizational cooperation on minority rights constitutes the European minority rights regime. The aim of this paper is to explore the significant role of experts working for the three organisations who represent an epistemic community on minority rights in Europe. In doing so, we seek to expand Haas‟ (1992) conceptual framework on epistemic communities in two ways. First, we point to the variable influence of members within the epistemic community and build on Verdun‟s (1999) suggestion that the concept should allow for a potential hierarchy of experts. Second, we suggest that the concept needs to pay greater attention to the issue of a „consensual knowledge base.‟ Even though there is no international consensus on what constitutes a „national minority‟, we argue that an epistemic community can operate in contested policy issues when experts base their policy recommendations on a shared set of norms. In addition to these conceptual refinements, we show how an epistemic community helps drive an international regime. In this case, the epistemic community on minority rights helps the regime function as a process based on three constitutive elements: standard setting; standard implementation; and standard expansion. The article contributes to the literature on epistemic communities; international regimes; European organisations; and minority rights protection in Europe.
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Today, the dominant paradigms of land warfare in the United Kingdom stand at a crossroads. For decades, the British Army’s vision of manoeuvre has sought to balance US concepts of digital transformation with more limited UK financial... more
Today, the dominant paradigms of land warfare in the United Kingdom stand at a crossroads. For decades, the British Army’s vision of manoeuvre has sought to balance US concepts of digital transformation with more limited UK financial resources. Now, this old paradox presents new challenges for the British Army as it attempts to rejuvenate its warfighting capabilities in a fashion fit for the future. Here, the collective obsolescence of most of the British Army’s major conventional platforms—from main battle tanks and infantry fighting vehicles to artillery systems and communication suites—simultaneously represents both a rare opportunity and an unparalleled risk. This chapter examines the continuing evolution of UK doctrine through professional debates over concepts and capabilities. It concludes that British military manoeuvre ultimately remains the product of uncomfortable trade-offs between conceptual innovation and strategic ambition on the one hand, and material reality and bud...
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This collection of papers is a product of the CHACR workshop held to investigate a Whole Force Approach to delivering military capability. It contains a summary of the day’s discussions together with essays submitted in advance of the... more
This collection of papers is a product of the CHACR workshop held to investigate a Whole Force Approach to delivering military capability. It contains a summary of the day’s discussions together with essays submitted in advance of the event and in some cases subsequently revised. With the exception of the Keynote Address by the Chief of the General Staff, this collection of papers is published on a ‘Chatham House’ basis and as such is not attributable to any one individual but is offered as a collection of ‘individual views’. Contribution by: Prof. David Galbreath.
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A fragile peace agreement is in place in Ukraine – but the task of determining whether or not it is holding is proving to be a fraught one indeed.
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The majority of people in the UK and most other European members of NATO say they no longer support the key principle of the alliance: namely that an armed attack on one must be regarded as an attack on all.
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Raymond Odierno, head of the US Army, has revealed that he has concerns about the UK’s commitments to defence and international security, telling the Daily Telegraph that cuts to the UK defence budget have made him doubt its ability to... more
Raymond Odierno, head of the US Army, has revealed that he has concerns about the UK’s commitments to defence and international security, telling the Daily Telegraph that cuts to the UK defence budget have made him doubt its ability to fulfil its commitments to the US as a military ally.
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Having presented the relevant theoretical discussions relating to international regimes in the previous chapter, we now set out more explicitly our dependent and independent variables. The central objective of the book is to explain the... more
Having presented the relevant theoretical discussions relating to international regimes in the previous chapter, we now set out more explicitly our dependent and independent variables. The central objective of the book is to explain the effectiveness of the European minority rights regime. Based on the promotion of minority rights protection in the context of EU enlargement, we seek to uncover how successful the regime has been in solving problems relating to national minorities in post-communist CEE. First, we discuss the scholarly debates relating to regime effectiveness as the dependent variable in research on international regimes. Ultimately, an effective regime is one which governs actor behaviour and resolves the political problem at hand. Thus, our book seeks to determine whether issues relating to minority rights have been resolved, and to identify the factors that have helped or hindered the realization of an effective regime. Second, we address four potential explanatory variables for regime effectiveness, identified as 1) the impact of international norms, 2) the effect of IO mechanisms, 3) the nature of interorganizational overlap and 4) state preferences for policy implementation. We then discuss our selection of cases to illustrate regime effectiveness and our methodology as a process-tracing approach.
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At its latest meeting in Germany, the group of nations known as the G7 – Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the UK and the US – has decided to continue sanctions against Russia, and to deepen them if events in Ukraine get worse.
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The president of the European Commission, Jean-Claude Juncker, has called for a European Union counter-intelligence agency that would protect EU institutions – the commission, council and parliament, among others – against espionage
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Chapter looks at European force transformation in the context of European integration