FACTORS AFFECTING ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF GRADE 7 BASIC
EDUCATION PROGRAM (BEP) STUDENT WITH OVERSEAS FILIPINO
WORKER (OFWs) PARENTS IN LOOC NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Bernardo, Richard G.
Candido,Marie Joe R.
Gaid,Jeameliren G.
Solanoy,Matt Jethro S.
A Research Study
Submitted the Faculty of Looc National High School Senior High School
Poblacion,Looc, Romblon in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the
Subject Practical Research 1
HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES
(HUMSS)
MARCH 2025
CHAPTER l
INTRODUCTION
This chapter presents background of the study,statement of the problem,
significance of the study and scope and delimitations of the study.
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
The Philippines have extensive history of overseas labor migration, millions of
Filipino working abroad to support their families.This study aims to throughly
investigate the factors and the impact of overseas Filipino workers on their
children academic performance.
This research seeks to inform the development of effective interventions and
support programs for children of overseas Filipino workers in the Philippines.One
of the significant challenges that student facing today is being apart from their
parents while studying.This is due to their parents moving to other nation and for
going time with their families so they could work overseas.Distor and Campos
(2020) assert that children's decision-making might be negatively impacted by
their parents absences in several ways.
According to the latest data of Philippines statistic Authority (2022),the number
of overseas Filipino workers (OFW) who work abroad during the period of
September 2024 was estimated 2.16 million an increase of 9.8 percent from the
previous years estimated number of 1.96 million.
Parental absence cause displacement, disruptions and changes in care giving
management. According to (Cabrillac 2012) there is always emotional effect with
parent's leaving their children, especially for Kong period of time.Children have
different level of acceptance to tolerance of the situation depending on their
cognitive development (Camandang 2017).
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
This study aims to address the following questions.
1. What are the demographic profile of grade 7 BEP student with OFW parents in
LNHS terms of:
a.age;
b.gender;
c.family;
d.working hours of parents abroad?
2.What are the academic performance levels of grade 7 student based on their
grades in the subject:
a.Mathematics;
b.Science;
c.English?
3.What are the primary factors Affecting their academic performance in terms of:
a.Emotional and psychological impact; and
b.Level of parental involvement despite being (OFW) parents?
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This study is beneficial to the following:
For Students With OFW Parents.This study will help students with OFW
parents identify the academic and emotional difficulties they experience due to
their parent's absence
For OFW Parents.The study will provide OFW parents with insights into the
academic and emotional challenges their children encountered.
For Educators.The study will equip teachers and school administrators with a
deeper understanding of the struggles faced by students with OFW parents. it
promotes a more inclusive learning environment by addressing academic and
emotional challenges and improving student support systems.
Guidance Counselors.By identifying the factors of affecting the academic
performance of these students the study equips guidance counselors with a
better understanding of their specific needs.
Community members.The study raises awareness among community
members about the unique experience of students with OFW parents.
For Future Researchers. This study will serve as a basis for future research
on related topics such as the long-term effects of parental absence on student's
academic and personal development future researchers can expand on this
study on explore additional factors and interventions that may benefits students
with OFW parents.
SCOPE AND DELIMITATION
This research focuses on the factors affecting the academic performance of
Grade 7 BEP students with overseas Filipino worker (OFW) parents at Looc,
National High School (LNHS). This study will examine the demographic profiles
of these students, including age, gender, family income and the time their parents
have been working abroad. It will also analyze the academic performance of the
students in key subjects such as Mathematics, Science and English. Additionally,
the study aims to explore the primary factors influencing their academic
achievements, such as emotional and psychological impacts, and the level of
parental involvement despite their parents absence.
This study is limited to Grade 7 BEP students in Looc, National High School
(LNHS) and will rely on surveys, interviews and academic records to gather data.
CHAPTER ll
REVIEW AND RELATED LITERATURE
EFFECTS PARENTAL MIGRATION
According to (Arlini et al., 2019) the effects of parental Migration on children's
education enrolment following the recent reforms in Indonesian educational
policy .We find that,in general, parental Migration has a positive impact on school
environment, although this varies by the child's age ang the gender of the migrant
parents.Parental migration has an adverse impact on the school environment of
younger children who are eligible for free education but a positive impact on older
children who are no longer able to access state educational support.The gender
of the migrant parent matters,as paternal migration appears to have a more
positive impact on children's educational environment than maternal
migration.Maternal migration is associated with a education of younger children's
like lihood of a being in school,while paternal migration make no difference to
their school environment.For older children,maternal migration has a lower
positive impact compared to paternal migration our qualitative interview also
show mixed findings some children appreciate their migrant mothers migration
efforts and motivated to persevere in continving education,while others are
weighed down by their migrant mother's sacrifice and develop a sense of
obligation to reduce their financial burdens by leaving education early to enter
paid employment.
PARENTS PROVIDER
According to Aquino (2019), the parents are the provider of the basic needs of their
children and considered as first educational institution for the children for it is the first
place where children learn the basic learningand the first socialization of children where
values, customs and culture is being introduced. Children in general, usually look up to
their parents in terms of how they should act. The family serves as the first institution, in
which children learn the very basic and essential values. Parents are there to give their
children the love that they need, teach them what is the right and what is wrong while a
child sees his/her parents as a role model and the most important person in his/her life.
ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE
The duration of parental separation has a significant impact on children’s
academic performance. Cabrillas (2019) found that the average time spent
abroad by Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs) varies by profession, with
seafarers averaging 8 years and other professionals like health workers,
domestic helpers, and IT professionals ranging from 4.8 to 6.6 years. Peralta
(2023) observed that children left behind for at least 6 months mostly had
Satisfactory to Fairly Satisfactory grades. However, Machica Jr. (2018) noted that
students separated from parents for 2 to 8 years were more likely to have failing
grades or drop out due to a lack of parental guidance.The psychological well-
being of Filipino Junior High students is influenced by family structure and
parenting styles. Absentee parents, like OFWs, promote independence but may
cause anxiety and relationship issues due to limited bonding. Regular
communication helps maintain closeness, though emotional distance can still
form. Parenting styles, especially authoritarian and neglectful, negatively impact
self-esteem, while indulgent and authoritative styles yield better outcomes.
Providing emotional support and fostering self-esteem are crucial for maintaining
adolescent mental health.
POSITIVE PERSPECTIVE
Looking at a positive perspective, migrant parents are able to provide for financial
support to their loved ones which enable them to access better education, acquire
properties, buy nutritious food and get better health care. Although working abroad
gives a financial security blanket to the families left behind, the physical absence of the
migrant parents has an adverse effect on the emotional well-being and social
development of the children (Burgos et al., 2020).
OVERSEAS FILIPINO WORKERS POPULATION
According to Montajes (2023) the OFW’s population in the country is increasing
which it implicates also the rapid number of Filipino parents to leave their children and
family behind due to economic reasons. This study gives a picture on the relationship
gap exist among children of OFWs. Various researches and studies were conducted
among the overseas Filipino worker’s children, however, it pinpoints only to a specific
area of concern. This study explores on knowing what are the factors that affects the
parental relationship between the overseas parents and their children among 20
adolescents who were grade 11 student of X – University. The results of the interviews
enables the researchers to formulate four themes: 1) parental connectedness, 2)
materialism, 3) gratitude, and parental rearing which was considered as factors that
affects the relationship between the OFW parents and their child. The finding of the
study enables the researcher to create an enhancement program for the OFW’s children.
SEPARATION WITH THEIR PARENTS
According to Yao Jiang (2023 ) and (Yang, 2023 & Xiao 2023) Individuals who did not
live with their parents during their minor years were more likely to report worse physical
and mental health in adulthood, compared to those who lived with their parents. This
difference was heterogeneous among different age stages and genders.Absence of
parents in the household has long-term impacts on the physical and mental health of
children in adulthood, especially for females. The government should make feasible
institutional arrangements to avoid the separation of minor children from their parents.
EMOTIONAL CHALLENGES
According to Katleen Keith Capol (2024) economy's progress does not stop Filipino
parents from working overseas and having to make the painful choice to leave their kids
with their relatives; as a result, these kids face emotional difficulties that some people
are unaware of their hidden feeling. This study aimed to discover the emotional
challenges of Overseas Filipino Worker (OFW)’s children, how these children overcome
the difficulties and their insight. We employed a descriptive phenomenological research
design. Ten Overseas Filipino Worker (OFW) children participated in the interview, and
the data was analyzed using Colaizzi's method. Results revealed the following themes:
parental absence and emotional struggle with emotional challenges; healthy well-being
and nurturing guidance for coping mechanisms; and acceptance for insights. The result
of this study may become an aspiration to all their fellow Overseas Filipino Worker
(OFW)’s children who now may face different circumstances in life being far away from
their parents and to the parents who work overseas to know the situation of their
children.
FAMILY STRUCTURE
Acoording to (Mania & Vergara, 2024) the family is the basic unit of society, changes
in the family structure affect different aspects of a child’s development. Adult children of
OFWs in Saint Mary’s University are moderately close to their OFW mother and very
close to their OFW father. This finding was not found to differ according to the child’s
sex, birth order, or the number of years that the parent spent abroad. The respondents
were generally highly interested in their academics, but were unable to put a great deal
of effort into their schoolwork. Despite this, the respondents had been able to develop
study habits that allow them to complete assignments effectively, take exams
successively, and efficiently use their study time. The respondents were also generally
concerned about their academic performance and may lack confidence in their activities,
they may tend to attempt to obtain special treatment from their teachers or classmates
to get higher grades. In addition, the respondents may struggle with accepting school
authority, and perceive teachers as disciplinarians rather than as supporters. With this, it
can be concluded that children of OFWs can cope with their studies but may be
struggling in dealing with their academic struggles. They can develop time management
skills that assist them in balancing their home and school duties. Hence, the researchers
conclude that the presence of a positive relationship between the mother and child is
essential for how they perceive academic work and finish it effectively.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
For better understanding, the following terms were operationally defined:
Academic Performance.Refers to the grades or marks received by a student in
a particular subject or course.
Basic Education Program (BEP) Student. A student enrolled in the Basic
Education Program, which covers elementary and secondary levels as mandated
by the Department of Education (DepEd).
Overleas Filipino Worker (OFWs) Parents.Refers to parents who work abroad
as ofw's
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
RESEARCH PARADIGM
INDEPENDENT VARIABLES DEPENDENT VARIABLES
Figure 1 Conceptual Paradigm of the study
Figure 1 shows the independent and dependent variables of the study where
the independent variable is factow affecting academic performance and the
dependent variable is academic performance of grade 7 basic education program
(BEP) student.
RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS
Null Hypothesis. There is no significant factors that affect the academic
performance of Grade 7 BEP students with overseas Filipino worker (OFW)
parents in Looc National High School (LNHS).
Alternative Hypothesis. There is a significant factors that affect the
academic performance of Grade 7 BEP students with overseas Filipino worker
FACTORS AFFECTING ACADEMIC ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF
PERFORMANCE GRADE 7 BEP STUDENT
(OFW) parents in Looc National High School (LNHS).
CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter presents the research methodology used in the study. It
includes the research design, research instruments, validation process,
data collection procedures, sources of data, population and sample of the
study, research locale, time of the study, and data analysis methods .
RESEARCH DESIGN
The study will utilize a descriptive research design with a quantitative
approach to examine the factors affecting the academic performance of
Grade 7 Basic Education Program (BEP) students with Overseas Filipino
Worker (OFW) parents at Looc National High School (LNHS). This design is
appropriate because it allows the researchers to describe and analyze
the students' demographic profiles, academic performance, and the
factors that influence their educational achievements. In addition to the
quantitative approach, qualitative elements will be incorporated through
interviews to gain deeper insights into the students’ experiences.
Research Instruments
The study will employ two primary research instruments: a survey
questionnaire and an interview guide. The structured questionnaire will
collect data on students' demographic profiles, emotional and
psychological experiences, and levels of parental involvement . It will be
divided into four sections, namely demographic information, academic
performance, emotional and psychological impact, and parental
involvement despite working overseas. Meanwhile, the interview guide
will be used to gather qualitative insights from selected students
regarding their academic experiences and coping mechanisms in the
absence of their OFW parents.
Sampling Procedure
The sampling procedure will begin with coordination with the school administration to
secure permission to conduct the study. The researcher will then work with the school
guidance counselors or class advisers to identify grade 7 BEP student with Overseas
Filipino worker (OFW) parents. The identified students will be stratified based on their
academic sections ( section A, Section B).Form each section, participants will be invited
to participate in the study through a letter or announcement, and informed consent will
be obtained from the participants and their parents/guardians. Finally, the survey
questionnaire will be administered to the participants.
Construction. The research instruments will be developed based on a
review of related literature and existing studies on the impact of OFW
parental absence on students' academic performance. The questionnaire
will include multiple-choice and Likert scale-type questions to ensure a
comprehensive assessment.
Validation.To ensure reliability and validity, the research instruments
will undergo a rigorous validation process. For content validation, the
questionnaire will be reviewed by experts in education and social
sciences to assess its relevance, clarity, and comprehensiveness.
Afterward, pilot testing will be conducted with a small group of students
who are not part of the main study to determine the clarity and reliability
of the questionnaire. Necessary revisions will be made based on the
feedback obtained from the pilot test.
Data collection and source of data
The checklist was designed to gather information about the Factors affecting the
academic performance of Grade 7 BEP student with overseas Filipino workers (OFW)
parents in Looc National High School (LNHS).After determining the respondents, the
copies of the questionnaires was distributed to Grade 7 BEP randomly.
Population and Sample of the Study
The target population consists of all Grade 7 BEP students at Looc
National High School (LNHS) who have at least one parent working as an
OFW. The study will use a purposive sampling technique to select
participants, ensuring that only students with OFW parents are included .
The estimated sample size will range from 30 to 50 students, depending
on the total number of eligible participants.
Research Locale and Time of the Study
The research will be conducted at Looc National High School (LNHS) in
Poblacion, Looc, Romblon, during the third quarter of the school year
2024–2025 (January to March 2025). This period was chosen to allow
sufficient time for data collection and analysis before the final academic
grading period.
Data Analysis
The collected data will be analyzed using both quantitative and
qualitative methods. Descriptive statistics, including frequency ,
percentage, mean, and standard deviation, will be used to summarize the
students' demographic profiles and academic performance. Inferential
statistics, such as correlation and regression analysis, will be applied to
determine the relationship between parental absence and students’
academic performance. Qualitative data from interviews will undergo
thematic analysis, which involves identifying recurring themes and
patterns related to emotional and psychological impacts.
REFFERENCE
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