Chapter- 1
CHANGING TRENDS & CAREER IN
PHYSICAL EDUCATION
• Concept, Aims & Objectives of Physical Education
• Development of Physical Education in India – Post Independence
• Changing Trends in Sports- playing surface, wearable gear and sports
equipment, technological advancements
• Career options in Physical Education
• Khelo-India Program and Fit – India Program
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CONCEPT, AIMS & OBJECTIVES OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION
PHYSICAL EDUCATION is the branch of education which encourages psychomotor,
cognitive, and affective learning through physical activity and movement exploration.
Simply, its education of the body through the body.
“Physical education is the sum of man’s physical activities selected as to kind and
conducted as to outcomes”. - J.F William
“Physical Education is that phase of the whole field of education that deals with the
big muscle activities and their related responses.” - Jay B. Nash
“Physical Education is the sum of those experiences which come to the individual
through movement.” - Delbert Oberteuffer
AIMS:
1. Promoting Physical Fitness. 7. Cultural Awareness.
2. Skill Development. 8. Gender Equality.
3. Health Education. 9. Prevention of Lifestyle-Related
4. Stress Reduction. Diseases.
5. Promoting Lifelong Physical
Activity.
6. Social Development.
OBJECTIVES
PRIMARY OBJECTIVES
To develop a good physique through the efficiency of organic systems
PHYSICAL
like Respiratory, Circulatory, Digestive, Muscular and Neuro-muscular
DEVELOPMENT
improvement.
MENTAL To facilitate the development of various Brain functions e.g. Decision
DEVELOPMENT Making, Alertness and response time, etc.
SOCIAL To develop qualities like confidence, obedience, temperament,
DEVELOPMENT sincerity, sacrifices, sportsmanship and self-control etc.
EMOTIONAL To develop the abilities to control emotions in various kinds of
DEVELOPMENT situations.
Besides this few other Objectives of Physical Education includes:
• To develop Neuro-Muscular system
• To achieve optimum Fitness and Health
• To Develop various Organ System of the body
• To develop Optimistic (positive) outlook
• To build and Effective Citizen
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DEVELOPMENT OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION IN INDIA – POST INDEPENDENCE
YEAR DEVELOPMENT
ALL INDIA COUNCIL OF SPORTS - Formation of National Sports Council under
1954 Chairmanship of Maulana Abul Kalam Azad to act as a liaison between the
Government and the national federations for various sports.
NATIONAL PLAN OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND RECREATION- Development
1956
of facilities for training of teachers in physical education along with R&D.
LAXMI BAI NATIONAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION- Ministry of
1957 education established a college of physical education at Gwalior offering
three year degree course.
SPORTS AND YOUTH WELFARE DEPARTMENT- Ministry for education opened
1958 the department of Sports and Youth Welfare to promote physical education
and sports in the country.
ADHOC ENQUIRY COMMITTEE ON GAMES AND SPORTS- Establishment of
Central Sports Institute for producing good coaches and for the training of
1958-59
various teams along with structuring the Organizational set up of Sports
Federations
NATIONAL PHYSICAL EFFICIENCY DRIVE- A norms based Non-competitive
1959-60
fitness Fest campaign to make people fitness conscious.
KUNZURU COMMITTEE- Introduction of an integrated compulsory
1959 programme of basic curriculum at school stage for all along with promotion
of NCC and Scout & Guide Programme.
KAUL KAPOOR COMMITTEE- The physical education should be made an
1960 integral part of general education in schools and colleges along with
development of infrastructure and award programme.
NETAJI SUBASH NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF SPORTS- To produce good coaches,
1961 to provide training to various teams and to promote and carry research work
in the field of sports.
RURAL SPORTS TOURNAMENT SCHEME & SPORTS TALENT SEARCH
1970-71
SCHOLARSHIP SCHEME
ASIAN GAMES- For hosting these games huge infrastructure was established,
1982 sports industries were built and these sports industries were encouraged to
manufacture sport goods of top quality.
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SPORTS AUTHORITY OF INDIA -an autonomous organization under the
overall control of the Ministry of Human Resource Development, Department
1984
of Youth Affairs and Sports to look after, to maintain and to generate funds
for the sports infrastructure
NATIONAL SPORTS POLICY
1984,
To develop long term Development Plans (LTDPs) for Effective participation
2001 &
in International events especially the Olympics, Asian and common wealth
2007
Games.
CHANGING TRENDS IN SPORTS- PLAYING SURFACE, WEARABLE GEAR AND
SPORTS EQUIPMENT, TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS
PLAYING SURFACES:
Throughout ages sports had
been played mostly in Natural
surfaces. However from 1960
many advances has been made
and in many of the sports
artificial surfaces are being used
in place of natural surfaces.
WEARABLE GEARS:
Smart watches: Use of smart
watches or Fitness trackers
provides instant measurement of
many internal body functions
which has revolutionised the
Fitness Industry
Clothing: Advance clothing material has made participation in games and sports more
comfortable and enhances the performance of many sports.
SPORTS EQUIPMENT:
Shoes: Lighter shoes with more
ability of absorb shock has
enhanced the performance and
health condition of the Players.
Equipment: New hockey sticks are made of fibre material before that i.e in past time wooden
sticks were in use. From helmets to many wearable gears has been introduced as Protective
Equipment which has save the life of sportsman.
TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS
Instant Replay, Sensor Tool, Timing System, RFID Chips
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CAREER OPTIONS IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION
CAREER OPTION QUALIFICATION
Trained Graduate Teacher: They B. P. Ed
are appointed as TGT to teach
games & sports for class 1st to
10th.
Post Graduate Teacher: They are M. P. Ed
appointed as PGT to teach the
TEACHING theory / syllabus of physical
CAREER education of class 11th & 12th in
schools.
M. P. Ed along with Ph.D
Lecturers at college level: They
OR
are appointed as Lecturers to
M. P. Ed along with passing
teach advanced physical
NET (National Eligibility
education for college students.
Test)
COACHING Specialized Coach in various Diploma in Sports Coaching
CAREER games and Sports
Aerobics Trainer Certificate Course from
Calisthenics Expert various recognized bodies.
FITNESS RELATED
Rhythmic Expert
CAREER
Yoga Instructor
Weight Training Expert
Sports journalist Post Graduate Diploma or
SPORTS MEDIA
Sports Photographer Certificate Course from
AND
Commentators various recognized bodies.
JOURNALISM
Sports magazine writers
SPORTS D.S.O (District Sports Officer) B. P. Ed along with Diploma
ADMINISTRATION Director of Intra & Extra murals. in Sports Coaching or NET
Post Graduate Diploma or
SPORTS Manager for competitions, Sports
Certificate Course from
MANAGEMENT clubs, Swimming pools etc.
various recognized bodies.
Involvement in promotional Post Graduate Diploma or
SPORTS
events As marketing head of Certificate Course from
MARKETING
various sports organizations various recognized bodies.
Post Graduate Diploma or
SPORTS As freelancer or along with Media
Certificate Course from
PHOTOGRAPHY house as Sports photographer
various recognized bodies.
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KHELO-INDIA PROGRAM AND FIT – INDIA PROGRAM
KHELO-INDIA
The programme was Launched in 2018 by the then Sports Minister Col. Rajyavardhan
Singh Rathore. It was introduced to revive the sports culture in India at the grass-root
level by building a strong framework for all sports played in our country and establish
India as a great sporting [Link] is organized in two categories:
▪ Candidates below the age of 17 can participate in the under-17 category.
▪ Candidates below the age of 21 can participate in the under-21 category.
FIT-INDIA
FIT INDIA Movement was launched on 29th August, 2019 by Honourable Prime Minister Shri.
Narendra Modi, with a view to make fitness an integral part of our daily lives. The mission of
the Movement is to bring about behavioural changes and move towards a more physically
active lifestyle.
Fit India proposes to undertake various initiatives and conduct events to achieve the following
objectives:
▪ To promote fitness as easy, fun and free.
▪ To spread awareness on fitness and various
physical activities that promote fitness through
focused campaigns.
▪ To encourage indigenous sports.
▪ To make fitness reach every school,
college/university, panchayat/village, etc.
▪ To create a platform for citizens of India to share
information, drive awareness and encourage
sharing of personal fitness stories.
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SELF PRACTISE QUESTIONS
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS: 01 Mark
Q1. In 1800, Physical Education was known as
a) Physical Culture
b) Physical Training
c) Gymnastics
d) Hygiene Training
Q2. In Jesse Feiring William’s definition of Physical Education, Physical education is the sum
of man’s physical activities selected as to kind, and conducted as to outcomes, the phrase
‘activities selected as to kind’ refers to activities that are
a) Based on physical activities
b) Based on planned outcomes
c) Based on desired outcomes
d) Based on expected outcomes
Q3. Amongst the following which one is the key process in physical education?
a) Making efforts
b) Developing skills
c) Checking competency
d) Evaluating performance
Q4. Where is the Laxmibai National Institute of Physical Education (LNIPE) situated?
a) Patiala
b) Gwalior
c) New Delhi
d) Lucknow
Q5. SAI stands for:
a) Sports Academic Of India
b) Sports Appointment of India
c) Sports Authority of India
d) Sports Accreditation of India
Q6. Khelo India Programme was introduced in________
a) 2016-2017
b) 2017-2018
c) 2018-2019
d) 2019-2020
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[Link] was the first edition of Khelo India Youth Games held?
a) Pune
b) New Delhi
c) Ranchi
d) Guwahati
Q8. Which state won the highest medals in the Khelo India Youth Games 2022?
a) Delhi
b) Haryana
c) Kerala
d) Maharashtra
Q9. Fit India Movement was launched in:
a) 26 August ,2019
b) 29 August , 2019
c) 26 February, 2018
d) 29 February , 2019
[Link] is/are the objective(s) of Fit India Movement?
a) To promote fitness as easy ,fun and free
b) To encourage indigenous sports
c) To make fitness reach every school, college/university, panchayat/village etc.
d) All of the above
Q11. ASSERTION-REASON TYPE QUESTION
Each of the following question consist of two statements labelled Assertion (A) and
Reason(R) and has following four choices (a) , (b) , (c) and (d).
Assertion (A): In 1973 Laxmibai College Of Physical Education (LCPE) was renamed to
Laxmibai National College Of Physical Education (LNCPE).
Reason (R): LCPE got the status of “Deemed University”
a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
b) Both (A) and (R) are true , but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
c) (A) is true but (R) is false
d) (A) is false but (R) is true
Q12. ASSERTION-REASON TYPE QUESTION
Assertion (A): Khelo India Programme was launched by the Ministry of Youth Affairs and
Sports, Government of India ,in 2019.
Reason (R): Its main objective was to revive the sports culture in India , especially at the
grass roots level by building a strong framework for all sports played in our country and
establishing India as a great sporting nation.
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a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
b) Both (A) and (R) are true , but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
c) (A) is true but (R) is false
d) (A) is false but (R) is true
Q13. MATCHING TYPE QUESTIONS
LIST-I LIST-II
(Sports related Organisation) (Year of Establishment)
i. All India Council of Sports (AICS) 1. 2000
ii. National Institute of sports 2. 1984
iii. Sports Authority of India 3. 1961
iv. Ministry of Youth Affairs and sports 4. 1954
Choose the correct option from the following:
I II III IV
a) 1 2 3 4
b) 2 1 4 3
c) 4 3 2 1
d) 3 4 1 2
VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTION 2 Marks
Q1. What is the basic difference between ‘Khelo India’ and ‘Fit India’ scheme?
Answer:
Khelo India Scheme mainly focuses on Sportsman, Competition and optimization of
performance whereas Fit India Mission emphasise on general fitness of the citizen and the
country as a whole.
SHORT ANSWER QUESTION 3 Marks
Q1. Write a short note on:
• Career in sports journalism
• Career in sports Photography
• Teaching career in physical education
Answer:
Sports Journalism: Sports journalism is a form of writing that reports on matters pertaining
to sporting topics and competitions. It covers both Text and TV Media.
Sports Photography: It includes both still and video mode to collect images of and footage
of various sporting moments in a tournament.
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Teaching Career in Physical Education: It includes teaching in School, Colleges and other
educational institutions.
CASE STUDY BASED QUESTIONS 4 Marks
Q1. Participation in sports is an extremely important component of the development of any
nation. When we see India’s performance in international sports events, it is found that
India is making a steady progress and this is happening when only 5% of our total population
participates in games and sports. If this percentage of participation is enhanced, then results
could be different. Thus, to inspire young talent and to provide them with world-class
infrastructure and training facilities, the “Khelo India Programme “was launched by the
Government of India.
Based on the above information, answer the following questions:
a) When was the” Khelo India programme “was launched?
b) Khelo India programme was launched by the ministry of _______ Government?
c) The scheme of ‘Sports for peace & development ‘is exclusively for the state / UT
_________.
d) Who designed the three-stroke Khelo India logo?
Answer:
(a) 2017/2018
(b) Youth affairs & sports
(c) Jammu & Kashmir
(d) Ogilvy India
LONG ANSWER QUESTION 5 Marks
Q1. From the chronology events in Post Independent India mention any two committees
and three institution that has played an important role towards development of Sports in
India.
Answers:
The committees that played a leading role in promotion of Sports in India are:
• KUNZURU COMMITTEE
• KAUL & KAPOOR COMMITTEE
The institutions that played a leading role in promotion of Sports in India are:
• LAKSHMIBAI NATIONAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION
• NETAJI SUBASH NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF SPORTS
• SPORTS AUTHORITY OF INDIA
(Elaborate Them)
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