PAPPER 1
PART A
Q.1. Discuss about contrast stretching and intensity slicing.
Q).2. How are color images represented digitally?
Q.3. What is unsharp masking?
Q.4. What are intensity transform functions?
Q.5. What are the performance metrics for evaluating image compression?
Q.6. What is directional derivate? Where it is used?
Q.7. Differentiate between lossy and lossless compression techniques.
Q.8. State the conditions for Region Splitting and Merging Processes.
Q.9. What is spatial filtering?
Q.10. How do frequency domain filters work .?
PART B
Q.1. Explain what you would expect the result of Sampling and Quantization operations on image.
Q.2. Consider a 1-D image f(x) =[10 10 10 10 40 40 40 20 20]. Calculate the first and second order derivatives.
Locate the respective edge positions.
Q.3. Explain HIS color model with an appropriate figure. Explain the conversion procedure from RGB color space to
HSI color space.
Q.4. Explain the image restoration technique to remove the blur caused by uniform linear motion.
Q.5 What are the derivative operators useful in image segmentation? Explain their role in segmentation.
Q.6. Explain any two boundary representation schemes and illustrate with example.
Q.7. How do you link edge pixels through global processing? Also explain Hough Transforms.
PART C
Q.1. Consider the image shown in Fig. 2. Explain what you would expect the result to be in each of the following
four filtering operations :
(a) Horizontal gradient operation
(b) Vertical gradient operation
(c) Horizontal Sobel operator
(d) Vertical Sobel operator
Q2. Decode the arithmetic coded message, 0.23355 for the coding model .
Symbol Probability
A 0.2
E 0.3
I 0.1
O 0.2
U 0.1
! 0.1
And also explain L.ZW coding with an example and Explain Redundancies and their removal methods.
Q.3. Consider the Image 'I' below and the filters 'F' and 'L'.
'F'
'L'
11
1
1/8
1 81
1/8 1/2 1/8
-4 1
1/8
(a) Correlate the image 'I' with the filter 'F' and compute the output image.
(b) Apply filter 'L'to the same image 'I' to produce a 3 by 3 output image.
Q.4. (a)
Differentiate Correlation and Convolution with example.
(b)
What are the derivative operators useful in image segmentation?
Q.5. With a neat block diagram, explain transform based image compression scheme.
Also give two valid reasons for the choice of "Discrete Cosine Transform" in JPEG
image compression standard.
PAPPER 2
PART A
1. Define pixelization and false countering effect in images.
2. Explain shifting and convolution properties of 2-D discrete Fourier transform.
3.What is the difference between a box low pass filter and a gaussian low pass filter.
4. What is bit plane slicing in image thresholding?
5.Explain the model of image degradation and restoration process in brief.
6.What do you understand by inverse filtering in image processing?
7. What is wraparound error in frequency domain filtering?
8. Explain interpixel and psychovisual redundancies with a suitable example of each.
9.What is the need of image segmentation? Explain edge, point, and line detection processes in brief.
10. What is the difference between image enhancement and image restoration.
PART B
1. Discuss sampling and quantization process in digital image processing. Also comment on the effect of
quantization error on image quality.
2. Perform the operation of histogram matching for the given input image to achieve the distribution of given
target image. Draw the resultant histogram.
Here r, and Z, are gray values, and P(r) and P(Z ) are the corresponding probabilities of occurrence.
| Input Image | | | | | | | | |---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---| | rk | 10 | 25 | 60 | 115 | 140 | 165 | 210 | 250 | | P(rk) | 0.19 | 0.25 |
0.21 | 0.16 | 0.08 | 0.06 | 0.03 | 0.02 |
| Target Image | | | | | | | | |---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---| | zq | 10 | 25 | 60 | 115 | 140 | 165 | 210 | 250 | | P(zq) | 0.00 |
0.00 | 0.00 | 0.15 | 0.20 | 0.30 | 0.20 | 0.15 |
3. Compress the following simple 4×8, 8 bit image using Huffman coding. Also obtain:
a) Average code length
b) Coding redundancy and compression ratio
c) Entropy of the source.
2 2 3 6 10 12 18 240
5 5 0 5 0 0 0 1
2 2 3 6 10 12 18
240
5 5 0 5 0 0 0
2 2 3 6 10 12 18
240
5 5 0 5 0 0 0
2 2 3 6 10 12 18
240
5 5 0 5 0 0 0
4. What is the need of homomorphic filter in image processing? Explain the steps used in homomorphic filtering
with a suitable example
5. What is the relation between relative data redundancy and compression ratio in data compression? Calculate
average number of bits/pixel for the following encoded image:
Gray value (r_k)Probability (P(r_k))Code Word850.25011300.411800.250002550.1001All other gary values0----
6.Explain the fundamental steps of region growing and region splitting algorithms in region-based segmentation.
7.Discuss different intensity transformation functions along with graphical representation of cach transformation.
PART C
1. Discuss different types of noise probability density functions in detail. Explain the image restoration process in
the presence of noise only. Give example of at least one linear and one non-linear filter that can be used for the
restoration.
2. What are the differences between lossy and lossless compression techniques? Explain JPEG compression
technique with an example.
3. Discuss the concept of Hough transformation along with its execution steps in edge detection? Use Hough
transform to find out whether the following points( 1,0), (2.1). (3.1). (4.1), (3,2) are collinear or not. Also mention
the limitations of Hough
transform.
4. Explain the HSI color model and compare it with RGB color model. Specify the expression used to convert colors
from HSI to RBS and Vice Versa.
5. Explain image formation model. Discuss the different types of sensors used to acquire images digitally with
suitable examples and illustrative diagrams.
PAPPER 3
PART A
1. Define Histogram?
2.What are the gray level transformation function of an image?
3.What is minimum mean square error filtering?
4. What do you mean by image registration?
5. Explain gradiant operator?
Part - B
1. Explain Image sensing and acquisition with suitable diagram.
2. What is spatial filtering? Define spatial correlation and convolution with an example.
3. Explain image restoration model with diagrams.
4. What is data redundancy? Also write its take?
5. Explain descriptor in detail.
6. Explain :
a. IHPF.
b. Image - Enhancemnet.
Part - C
1. What is segmentation? Explain point, line and edge detection in brief. Also explain how to improve fast scanning
algorithm by using morphological?
2. What is noise PDF. Explain erlang noise and Impulse noise. Differentiate between Gaussion noise and impulse
noise?
3.What is image sharpening? Explain first and second order derivatives of image sharpening?
