Code No: 127CJ R15

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD

JN
B.Tech IV Year I Semester Examinations, February/March - 2022
DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING
(Electronics and Communication Engineering)
TU
Time: 3 Hours Max. Marks: 75
Answer any five questions
All questions carry equal marks
---
H
1.a) Describe the concept of Image digitization
b) Explain the following relationship between pixels
i) Distance measures ii) Connectivity
U
c) Describe the necessity of non-uniform sampling of Images. [5+6+4]
se
2.a) State and prove following 2D DFT properties
i) Translation in spatial domain
ii) Scaling
d
iii) Average value.
b) Median and mean filtering are low pass filtering, explain how they are different with respect
to image enhancement. [9+6]
Pa
3.a) Explain following Image enhancement techniques
i) Bit plane slicing. ii) Grey level slicing
b) How image smoothing is done in frequency domain. [8+7]
pe
4.a) Discuss the algebraic approach of constrained restoration
b) Explain about interactive restoration. [8+7]
rs
5.a) Explain about edge formulation and its detection.
b) How Image enhancement can be done in frequency domain? [10+5]
Fe
6.a) Discuss about opening and closing operations used in Image Morphology
b) What are the in constraints on inverse filtering? How to overcome them? [8+7]
b
7.a) Discuss the loss less predictive coding with the help of block diagram
b) What is the need for Image compression? Derive the relation between compression rational
redundancies.
20
[8+7]

8.a) Discuss about subjective and objective Image Fidelity criterions.

b) Explain how an arithmetic coding is used for image composition? [7+8]
22
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 Code No: 157BF
R18
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
JN
B. Tech IV Year I Semester Examinations, February/March - 2022
DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING
(Electronics and Communication Engineering)
TU
Time: 3 Hours Max. Marks: 75
Answer Any Five Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
---
H
1.a) Explain the different fundamental steps in image processing with examples.
b) What is quantization in image processing? Why is it needed? What are the effects of it?
[8+7]
U
2.a) How the Discrete Cosine Transform is used to process the digital image? Write its Kernel
se
function.
b) Determine the KL transform for the following image segment.
0001
d
[0010] [7+8]
0011
Pa
3.a) What is Histogram? Explain Histogram equalization with example.
b) What is threshold and how to choose threshold value? [7+8]

4.a) How median filter is used to remove noise in an image?

pe
b) Explain how high pass filter is used to sharpen the image. [8+7]

5.a) Draw the degradation model and explain how this degradation occurs in an image.
rs
b) Write about image restoration? Write some examples. [8+7]

6.a) Design a Wiener filter for image restoration and discuss its merits and demerits.
Fe
b) What is meant by an interactive restoration? [7+8]

7.a) Explain a region growing method to segment an image and what are the drawbacks of this
method.
b
b) What is meant by hit or miss transformation? How it is used for segmentation of an image?
[7+8]
8.a) Draw the compression model and explain the function of each block.
20
b) Determine the Huffman code for the following image segment and find compression ratio
with reference to binary code? [8+7]
2 1 4 5 5 4
22
2 3 4 1 2 3
[ ]
2 3 3 4 5 5
2 1 2 3 4 5

---ooOoo---
Code No: 127CJ
R15
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
B. Tech IV Year I Semester Examinations, January/February - 2023
DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING
JN
(Electronics and Communication Engineering)
Time: 3 Hours Max. Marks: 75
Note: i) Question paper consists of Part A, Part B.
ii) Part A is compulsory, which carries 25 marks. In Part A, Answer all questions.
TU
iii) In Part B, Answer any one question from each unit. Each question carries 10 marks
and may have a, b as sub questions.

PART – A
H
(25 Marks)

1.a) How to represent an Image? [2]

U
b) What is the need of sampling and quantization? [3]
c) Define median filter. [2]
se
d) Compare spatial domain and frequency domain image enhancement. [3]
e) Draw the degradation model of Image Processing. [2]
f) Why the restoration is called as unconstrained restoration? [3]
d
g) Write about linking edge points. [2]
h) Write the applications of segmentation. [3]
i) Define compression ratio. [2]
pa
j) What are two main types of Data compression? [3]

PART – B
pe
(50 Marks)

2.a) Define Haar transform and Write the properties of Haar transform.
b) Discuss the Relationship between Pixels in detail. [5+5]
rs
OR
3.a) Define the 2-D FFT and Write its properties.
b) Find out the Slant transform matrix for N=8. [5+5]
20
4.a) Explain the use of histogram statistics for image enhancement.
b) What is point processing? Explain how it improves image enhancement? [5+5]
OR
23
5.a) Write short note on spatial domain high-pass filtering.
b) Explain the role of Filtering in frequency domain. [5+5]

6.a) Discuss the concept of algebraic image restoration.

b) Explain the model of image degradation process. [5+5]
OR
7. Discuss in detail the image restoration using minimum mean square error filtering.[10]
8.a) What is difference between thresholding based and region based segmentation.
b) Describe the region splitting and merging algorithm. [5+5]
JN
OR
9.a) Write about region oriented segmentation.
b) Explain the role of Hit or Miss transformation in morphological image processing. [5+5]
TU
10. What are the redundancies and explain their removal methods. [10]
OR
11. Explain Loss less and lossy predictive coding with necessary equations and diagrams.
[10]
H
U
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se
d
pa
pe
rs
20
23
Code No: 157BF R18
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
B. Tech IV Year I Semester Examinations, January/February - 2023
DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING
JN
(Electronics and Communication Engineering)
Time: 3 Hours Max. Marks: 75

Note: i) Question paper consists of Part A, Part B.

TU
ii) Part A is compulsory, which carries 25 marks. In Part A, Answer all questions.
iii) In Part B, Answer any one question from each unit. Each question carries 10 marks
and may have a, b as sub questions.
H
PART – A
(25 Marks)
U
1.a) How to sample the image? [2]
b) Explain three different level processes in image processing. [3]
se
c) Differentiate between image enhancement and image restoration. [2]
d) Explain image negative transformation. [3]
e) What is restoration? [2]
f) Define Gaussian noise and its probability density function. [3]
d
g) Write about Dilation. [2]
h) How to detect a line in an image? [3]
pa
i) Define spatial and temporal redundancy. [2]
j) Explain the concept of fidelity criteria. [3]

PART – B
pe
(50 Marks)

2.a) Explain about the basic steps in image Processing.

rs
b) Explain Discrete Cosine Transform and specify its properties. [5+5]
OR
3.a) Define the following terms with respect to image:
20
i) Distance measure ii) Connectivity iii) Neighborhood
b) Derive 4×4 Haar transform. [6+4]

4.a) What are the techniques used for image smoothing? Explain any one spatial and one
23
frequency techniques used for image smoothing.
b) State different types of point processing used for image enhancement. [5+5]
OR
5.a) Specify the objective of image enhancement techniques.
b) What is histogram equalization?
c) Differentiate between linear spatial filter and non-linear spatial filter. [3+4+3]
6.a) Describe with mathematical model, both constrained and unconstrained restoration.
b) Explain the model of image degradation process. [6+4]
OR
7.a) Describe constrained least square filtering technique for image restoration and derive its
JN
transfer function.
b) Write a short note on interactive restoration. [5+5]

8.a) Explain the Morphological Erosion and Dilation combination process with one example.
TU
b) Discuss about Hit or Miss Transformation. [5+5]
OR
9.a) Explain any two methods for linking the edge pixels to form a boundary of an object.
b) Explain Region growing segmentation process in an image. [5+5]
H
10.a) Discuss the importance of image compression.
b) Explain about error free compression and lossy compression. [4+6]
U
OR
11.a) Write image JPEG 2000 standards.
se
b) Draw and explain a general compression system model. [4+6]
d
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pa
pe
rs
20
23
Code No: 127CJ R15
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
B. Tech IV Year I Semester Examinations, July/August - 2022
DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING
(Electronics and Communication Engineering)
Time: 3 Hours Max. Marks: 75
Answer any Five Questions
All Questions Carry Equal Marks
JN
---

1.a) What are the various applications of digital image processing?

TU
b) Distinguish between gray level image and binary image.
c) Define quantization is an Image processing. [5+5+5]

2.a) Derive 8 × 8 matrix of slant transform.

b) Define Haar transform and write its properties. [8+7]
H
3.a) What are the different types of point processing? Explain them.
b) Explain about smoothing and sharpening methods in frequency domain. [8+7]
U
4.a) Distinguish between image enhancement and image restorations.
se
b) Discuss about algebraic approach to image restoration. [5+10]

5.a) Explain about various edge detectors available to find edge in an image.
d
b) Write short notes on hit-or-miss transformation. [8+7]

6.a) Compare and contrast lossless and lossy compression methods in all aspects.
Pa
b) Explain about redundancies in a digital image. [7+8]

7. Write the masks for the following and where they are used.
pe
a) Mediam filter b) Low pass filter c) High pass filter. [5+5+5]

8.a) Explain how predictive coding is used for both Lossy and Lossless compression.
b) Write JPEG 2000 standards. [10+5]
rs
--ooOoo--
Code No: 157BF
R18
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
B. Tech IV Year I Semester Examinations, July/August- 2022
DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING
(Electronics and Communication Engineering)
Time: 3 Hours Max.Marks:75
Answer any five questions
JN
All questions carry equal marks
---

1.a) Explain three different level processes in image processing.

TU
b) Derive the basis function of Walsh transform.
c) Enlist the applications of KL transform. [5+5+5]

2.a) Discuss the image processing steps with suitable examples.

H
b) Compute Haar Transform for following N Value.
N=8. [8+7]
U
3.a) Differentiate between image enhancement and image restoration.
b) What is the point processing? Explain about its role in image enhancement and explain
se
different types of it. [5+10]

4.a) Discuss how the various filter masks are generated to sharpen images in spatial
d
filters.
b) With the numerical illustration explain the steps performed for Histogram processing.
[8+7]
Pa
5.a) Prove that median filter is a nonlinear filter with an example.
b) Explain the need for Image restoration with example. [8+7]
pe
6.a) Draw the degradation model and explain the different sources of degration.
b) Explain linear position invariant degradation employed for image restoration. [8+7]
rs
7.a) Discuss segmentation using morphological watersheds.
b) Explain the significance of thresholding in image segmentation. [8+7]

8.a) What are the different image compression standards? Explain.

b) Describe arithmetic coding with an example for compression of image. [7+8]

---oo0oo---
 Code No: 127CJ R15
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
B. Tech IV Year I Semester Examinations, July - 2021
JN
DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING
(Common to ECE, ETM)
Time: 3 Hours Max. Marks: 75
Answer any Five Questions
TU
All Questions Carry Equal Marks
---

1.a) Discuss the role of sampling and quantization with an example.

H
b) Explain the role of discrete cosine Transform in digital image processing. [7+8]

2.a) Is fast algorithm applicable for computation of Hadamard transform, if so what are the
U
problems encountered in implementation.
b) How Hotelling transform is different from other transforms? How it is used in image
SE
processing? [8+7]

3.a) What is a histogram of an image? Sketch histograms of basic image types.

b) Explain any two methods used for digital image zooming and shrinking.
D
[7+8]

4. What are the techniques used for image smoothing? Explain any one spatial and one
Pa
frequency techniques used for image smoothing. [15]

5.a) Explain the concept of Inverse Filtering and also mention the limitations of it.
b) What are the two approaches for blind image restoration? Explain in detail. [7+8]
pe
6. What is the purpose of image restoration? Explain the model of image degradation and
restoration process using suitable block diagram. [15]
r-2
7.a) Explain any two methods for linking the edge pixels to form a boundary of an object.
b) Explain about morphological hit-or-miss transform. [7+8]
02
8.a) Explain about the methods of removal of redundancy.
b) Draw the block diagram of lossless predictive coding model and explain it. [7+8]
1
--ooOoo--
 Code No:127CJ
R15
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
JN
B.Tech IV Year I Semester Examinations, May/June - 2019
DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING
(Electronics and Communication Engineering)
TU
Time: 3 Hours Max.Marks: 75
Note: This question paper contains two parts A and B.
Part A is compulsory which carries 25 marks. Answer all questions in Part A. Part B
consists of 5 Units. Answer any one full question from each unit. Each question carries
10 marks and may have a, b, c as sub questions.
H
PART- A
(25 Marks)
U
1.a) How to represent the image? [2]
b) What is 4-, 8-, m- connectivity? [3]
SE
c) What is High boost High pass filter? [2]
d) Compare linear and nonlinear gray level transformations. [3]
e) What are the advantages of Restoration? [2]
f) What are the different sources of degradation? [3]
D
g) What is erosion? [2]
h) How discontinuity property is used in image segmentation? [3]
i) What is mean by redundancy? [2]
14
j) What is fidelity? How it is used in image processing? [3]
-0
PART-B
(50 Marks)
6-
2.a) How to sample the image and how it differ from signal sampling?
b) Explore the relationship between pixels. [4+6]
OR
20
3.a) Define 2-D DFT and prove its convolution property and also write its applications.
b) Derive the 8 × 8 Slant transform matrix and write its order of sequence. [5+5]
1
4.a) Explain local enhancement techniques and compare it with global enhancement techniques.
b) Explain Histogram equalization method with example. [5+5]
9P
OR
5.a) Consider the following image segment x and enhance it using the equation y = k x where
k is constant and y is output image.
M
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
54 35 64 53 123 43 56 45

b) Explain how low pass filter is used to enhance the image in frequency domain? [5+5]
 6.a) Explain how image restoration improves the quality of image.
b) What is inverse filter? How it is used for image restoration? [5+5]
JN
OR
7.a) How wiener filter is used for image restoration? What are the limitations of it?
b) What are the applications of restoration? [6+4]
TU
8.a) How edge linking process is used to segment the image?
b) How to choose the threshold value while segmenting the image? [5+5]
OR
9.a) What are necessary condition to apply region based segmentation?
H
b) What is mean by Hit and Miss morphological operation? Write some example. [5+5]

10. Suppose the alphabet is [A, B,C], and the known probability distribution is PA= 0.5,
U
PB= 0.4, Pc= 0.1. For simplicity, let's also assume that bothencoder and decoder know that
the length of the messages is always 3, so thereis no need for a terminator.
SE
a) How many bits are needed to encode the message BBB by Huffmancoding?
b) How many bits are needed to encode the message BBB by arithmetic coding?
c) Analyze and compare the results of (a) and (b). [10]
OR
D
11.a) Draw the general block diagram of compression modal and explain the significance of
each block.
b) Explain the loss-less prediction code for image compression with neat diagrams and
14
equations. [5+5]
-0
--ooOoo--
6-
20
1 9P
M
 R15
JN
Code No: 127CJ
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
B. Tech IV Year I Semester Examinations, November/December - 2018
DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING
TU
(Common to ECE, ETM)
Time: 3 Hours Max. Marks: 75
Note: This question paper contains two parts A and B.
Part A is compulsory which carries 25 marks. Answer all questions in Part A. Part B
H
consists of 5 Units. Answer any one full question from each unit. Each question
carries 10 marks and may have a, b, c as sub questions.
U
PART- A
(25 Marks)
SE
1.a) What is Digital Image Processing? [2]
b) Define Walsh Transform. [3]
c) What is the objective of image enhancement technique? [2]
d) List the steps involved in frequency domain filtering. [3]
D
e) Compare Image enhancement and Restoration techniques. [2]
f) Write the drawbacks of image restoration using inverse filtering. [3]
g) List the applications of segmentation. [2]
17
h) What is global, Local and dynamic or adaptive threshold? [3]
i) What is image compression? [2]
j) List out the JPEG 2000 standards. [3]
-1
PART-B
(50 Marks)
2-
2.a) Explain the basic concepts of sampling and quantization in the generation of digital image.
b) Explain the following terms:
i) Adjacency ii) Connectivity iii) Regions iv) Boundaries. [5+5]
1
OR
8A
3.a) Compare and contrast different image transform techniques.
b) Find out the Slant transform matrix for N=8. [5+5]

4.a) Illustrate the histograms of basic Image types.

M
b) Discuss any one method of an image enhancement through point operation. [4+6]
OR
5.a) Explain image smoothing using ideal lowpass filters.
Se
b) List various approaches used in Image enhancement and then discuss any one method of
it. [5+5]

6. Discuss in detail the image restoration using minimum mean square error filtering.[10]
t2
OR
7.a) How degradation function is estimated? Explain.
b) Briefly explain the interactive image restoration. [5+5]
JN
8.a) Explain briefly the segmentation based on thresholding.
b) Discuss briefly the region based segmentation. [5+5]
OR
9. Discuss in detail the following morphological operations:
TU
a) Erosion
b) Dilation [5+5]

10.a) What is Error Free Compression? Explain.

H
b) Discuss briefly the Image compression using Arithmetic coding. [5+5]
OR
11. Draw the functional block diagram of image compression system and explain the purpose
U
of each block. [10]
SE
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D
17
-1
2-
1 8A
M
Se
t2
 R15
TU
Code No: 127CJ
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
B.Tech IV Year I Semester Examinations, October/November - 2020
DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING
H
(Electronics and Communication Engineering)
Time: 2 Hours Max. Marks: 75
Answer any Five Questions
U
All Questions Carry Equal Marks
---
SE
1.a) What are the applications of Digital Image Processing?
b) Explain the fundamental steps in Image processing with neat diagram. [6+9]
D
2.a) Define 2-D DCT and write its properties and applications.
b) Determine the Hadamard transform matrix for the following image segment: [7+8]
04
3452
1367
5424
3674
-1
3.a) What are the different point processing enhancement techniques? Explain them.
b) Explain Histogram specification technique with example. [8+7]
1-
4.a) Consider the following image segment x and enhance it using the equation y = exp(6x)
20
where k is constant and y is output image.

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
540 135 614 53 123 423 56 45
20
b) Explain how to smoothen the image in frequency domain. [8+7]
PM
5.a) Draw the degradation model of image processing and explain it.
b) How image restoration differ from image enhancement? Explain. [8+7]

6.a) Design constrained least squares filter used for image restoration with necessary equations.
b) What is interactive restoration? How it improves the quality of an image? [8+7]
PA
7.a) Explain region growing segmentation method with suitable example.
b) What is threshold? How this is used to segment the image? Explain. [7+8]

8.a) How Arithmetic code is used for image compression? Explain it with example.
PE
b) Explain lossy predictive code with neat diagrams. [8+7]

--ooOoo—
Code No: 127CJ R15
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
B. Tech IV Year I Semester Examinations, September - 2021
DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING
(Electronics and Communication Engineering)
Time: 3 Hours Max. Marks: 75
Answer any Five Questions
All Questions Carry Equal Marks
---

1.a) What is Digital image processing? State and explain the computerized processes used in
DIP.
b) With the help of a diagram explain the distribution of rods and cones in the retina. [7+8]

2.a) Write a note on image operations on a Pixel.

b) Explain linear and non liner operations. [7+8]

3.a) What is histogram? Briefly explain the histogram equalization technique for image
Enhancement.
b) Explain in detail sharpening frequency-domain filters related to images. [7+8]

4.a) With the help of a neat block diagram, explain the homomorphic filtering.
b) Explain image enhancement using Arithmetic and logic operations. [7+8]

5.a) Explain the interactive Restoration.

b) What are adaptive filters? What are the advantages of these filters? Explain local noise
reduction adaptive mean filters. [8+7]

6. With the relevant, to probability density function, explain

a) Rayleigh noise b) Erlang noise c) Impulse noise. [5+5+5]

7.a) Discuss briefly the thresholding in the context of Image segmentation.

b) Discuss about Structuring Element Decomposition. [7+8]

8.a) Write about Fidelity Criteria in detail.

b) Explain about Error Free Compression. [8+7]

--ooOoo--