BANKING ACADEMY OF VIETNAM

FACULTY OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES

----------

ENGLISH III
PROJECT
TOPIC: HEALTH AND CULTURE
Instructor: Pham Thi Ngoc Anh
Class: 242ENG03A18
Group: 8
Members:
Full name Student code
1 Nguyen Thi Kim Chi 26A4052959
2 Vo Thi Yen Nhi 26A4050697
3 Nguyen Quang Thien 26A4051157
4 Nguyen Viet Thai Tuan 26A4051631
5 Nguyen Thi Tuyet 23A4070205

HA NOI – March 2025

 BANKING ACADEMY OF VIETNAM
FACULTY OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES
----------

ENGLISH III
PROJECT
TOPIC: HEALTH AND CULTURE
Instructor: Pham Thi Ngoc Anh
Class: 242ENG03A18
Group: 8
Members:
Full name Student code Contribution Sign
rate confirmation
1 Nguyen Thi Kim Chi 26A4052959 21%
2 Vo Thi Yen Nhi 26A4050697 21%
3 Nguyen Quang Thien 26A4051157 21%
4 Nguyen Viet Thai Tuan 26A4051631 21%
5 Nguyen Thi Tuyet 23A4070205 16%

HA NOI –March 2025

2
 INTRODUCTION TO THE SELECTED TOPIC

Our world today is constantly changing, and learning English is more important than ever.
One of the best ways to improve English skills is through reading, as it helps us understand
new ideas and connect with different cultures. This Reading Portfolio focuses on two
important and interesting topics: Health and Culture. Health is a topic that affects everyone.
In modern life, staying healthy is not just about eating well and exercising, but also about
understanding how to take care of both our bodies and minds. Through reading passages
about health, learners will explore topics like healthy habits, mental well-being, medical
advancements, and common health challenges. These texts will not only improve reading
skills but also give practical knowledge to make better lifestyle choices.
On the other hand, Culture is what makes each community unique and special. It includes
traditions, beliefs, customs, and ways of life that shape how people think and behave.
Learning about culture helps us become more open-minded and respectful of differences. In
this portfolio, readers will discover a variety of cultural stories and practices from around the
world. From traditional festivals to modern cultural changes, these texts offer a deeper look
into how people express their identities and values.
By focusing on Health and Culture, this portfolio encourages learners to think about
important issues that affect their daily lives and the world around them. The carefully chosen
reading passages help develop language skills while also building knowledge and awareness
of these essential topics.
We hope that this portfolio will not only help improve reading comprehension but also
inspire curiosity and a desire to learn more about health and cultural diversity. Enjoy
exploring these meaningful and thought-provoking topics as you practice your English
reading skills!

3
 TABLE OF CONTENT

INTRODUCTION TO THE SELECTED TOPIC.........................................................3

GROUP WORK SCHEDULE.......................................................................................5
I. Timeline..................................................................................................................5
II. Task division..........................................................................................................6
MEETING MINUTES...................................................................................................7
MEETING MINUTES...................................................................................................9
MEETING MINUTES.................................................................................................11
MEETING MINUTES.................................................................................................14
MEETING MINUTES.................................................................................................17
GROUP WORK REPORT...........................................................................................19
I. Reason for forming the group...............................................................................19
II. Reason for choosing topic...................................................................................19
III. Outcome.............................................................................................................19
IV. Efficiency............................................................................................................19
V. Achievement........................................................................................................20
VI. Contribution of each member............................................................................20
READING PORTFOLIO.............................................................................................22
1ST ARTICLE:.........................................................................................................22
2ND ARTICLE:.......................................................................................................29
3RD ARTICLE:........................................................................................................36
4TH ARTICLE:........................................................................................................42
5TH ARTICLE:........................................................................................................48
REFERENCES.............................................................................................................54

4
 Banking Academy SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM
Class: 242ENG03A18 Independence – Freedom – Happiness
Group: 8

GROUP WORK SCHEDULE

I. Timeline
Items
Timeline Task Progression
No
Discuss and choose topic of
project
Session 1
Topic Selection Unified working methods Finished
1 15/01/2025 –
and Assignment Ask for lecturer’s opinion
26/01/2025
Search for preliminary
information
Personal In-Depth Research Finished
Initial notes and summary Finished
Session 2 Research and
Share the resources you have
2 27/01/2025 – Document
found and your initial findings Finished
15/02/2025 Collection
on your topic.
Document synthesis Finished
Each member is responsible
Finished
for own aritcle
Session 3 Exchange and debate Finished
Complete Reading
3 16/02/2025 –
Portfolio Editing based on feedback Finished
10/03/2025
Session 4 Write a group work report Finished
4 11/03/2025 – Write the report
Summarize all meeting reports Finished
21/03/2025
Session 5 Complete the project Finished
5 22/03/2025 – Submit the project
Submit the project Finished
31/03/2025
5
II. Task division

Items
Task Member of charge Rate
No

Discuss and choose topic of

project
Topic
Selection Unified working methods Chi, Nhi, Thien, Tuan Good
1
and Ask for lecturer’s opinion
Assignment
Search for preliminary
information

Personal In-Depth Research Good

Research Initial notes and summary Chi, Nhi, Thien, Tuan Good
and Share the resources you have
2
Document found and your initial findings on Good
Collection your topic.

Document synthesis Tuan Good

1st article: Nhi

2nd article: Tuan

Each member is responsible for
3rd article: Chi Good
Complete own aritcle
3 Reading 4th article: Tuyet
Portfolio
5th article: Thien

Exchange and debate All members

Editing based on feedback All members Good

Write the Write a group work report Tuan Good

4
report Summarize all meeting reports Thien Good

Submit the Complete the project Nhi, Chi Good

5
project Submit the project Thien Good
6
 Banking Academy SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM
Class: 242ENG03A18 Independence – Freedom – Happiness
Group: 8
No: 01

MEETING MINUTES

I. Date: January 17th 2025

II. Time: From 05:17 pm to 06:02 pm
III. Meeting format: Offline, on Campus, Banking Academy
IV. Participants in meeting:
Full name Student code Attend Absent Sign confirmation
Nguyen Thi Kim Chi 26A4052959 X
Vo Thi Yen Nhi 26A4050697 X
Nguyen Quang Thien 26A4051157 X
Nguyen Viet Thai Tuan 26A4051631 X
Nguyen Thi Tuyet 23A4070205 X

V. Meeting content:
1. Discussion content:

- Voting group leader, secretary

- Unified working methods

- Choose topic
- Build a group work plan
2. Opinions of the participants:
- Nhi: Nominate her as team leader
-Tuan: Thinks that Dieu has been the leader of a large homework group in
International Business Environment subject so he shouldn't do it
- Chi: Agreed with Tuan, and nominated Tuan to be the group leader
- Thien, Nhi: Approve
- Thien: Nominated him as secretary

7
 - Chi, Nhi, Tuan: Approve
-Then the members proceed to unify working methods and choose the topic, the
opinions of the members are in turn: Nhi: We should choose the topic about Means of
transportation - Tuan: Want to choose the topic: Education - Thien: Want to choose the topic:
Language - Chi: Want to choose the topic: Mental health.
- Then the members discussed and chose the most reasonable topic, but they could
not reach an agreement, so they left it for the next meeting to choose.
3. Conclusion:
- Leader: Nguyen Viet Thai Tuan
- Secretary: Nguyen Quang Thien
- Topic: Inconsistent
4. Next implementation plan: Continue to choose the project topic, and discuss plans for
further group work.
5. Evaluate the effectiveness of group work at the meeting: Because it's the beginning, it's
not very effective and there are still many shortcomings.

Hanoi, January 17th 2025

Secretary Group leader

8
 Banking Academy SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM
Class: 242ENG03A18 Independence – Freedom – Happiness
Group: 8
No: 02

MEETING MINUTES

I. Date: January 25th 2025

II. Time: From 03:12 pm to 03:58 pm
III. Meeting format: Offline, on Campus, Banking Academy
IV. Participants in meeting:
Full name Student code Attend Absent Sign confirmation
Nguyen Thi Kim Chi 26A4052959 X
Vo Thi Yen Nhi 26A4050697 X
Nguyen Quang Thien 26A4051157 X
Nguyen Viet Thai Tuan 26A4051631 X
Nguyen Thi Tuyet 23A4070205 X

V. Meeting content:
1. Discussion content:
- Choose the project topic
- Discuss for group-work working schedule
- Search for preliminary information together
2. Opinions of the participants:
- Tuan: Culture can be a challenging topic to discuss and elaborate on.
- Nhi: I predict that the topic Means of transportation will be quite difficult to find
information about and it will be difficult to find essays that are appropriate for your level.
- Chi: Agree with Nhi, I think the topic of mental health is a good topic, although it is
quite popular, but if we focus on learning, it will not be difficult to get.
- Thien: That's okay, but I find the cultural topic quite good, and easy to approach, it
not as difficult as people think. Finding information on this topic is also quite easy.

9
 - The members kept arguing about their topics, and finally choose 2 topics: Health
and Culture
- Nhi: Have opinion about group-work working schedule, it is advisable to set short-
term goals that build up to long-term goals in order to achieve better outcomes.
- Chi: The next step is read as many articles as possible from various sources to
understand it.
Everyone is coming together to plan for group-work working schedule
3. Conclusion:
- Topics: Health and Culture
- Group-work working schedule: Discussed and finalized
4. Next implementation plan:
Each member actively searches and reads articles, magazines, books, online
documents... from various sources related to topics.
5. Evaluate the effectiveness of group work at the meeting:
- Effective meeting
- Members who actively participate and make significant contributions

Hanoi, January 25th 2025

Secretary Group leader

10
 Banking Academy SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM
Class: 242ENG03A18 Independence – Freedom – Happiness
Group: 8
No: 03

MEETING MINUTES

I. Date: February 21th 2025

II. Time: From 09:04 pm to 09:50 pm
III. Meeting format: Online (There is proof at the end of the meeting minutes)
IV. Participants in meeting:
Full name Student code Attend Absent Sign confirmation
Nguyen Thi Kim Chi 26A4052959 X
Vo Thi Yen Nhi 26A4050697 X
Nguyen Quang Thien 26A4051157 X
Nguyen Viet Thai Tuan 26A4051631 X
Nguyen Thi Tuyet 23A4070205 X

V. Meeting content:
1. Discussion content:
- Share your process of finding resources related to the two selected topics.
- Divide the work to find articles that meet the needs of the project.
- Agree on the overall layout of the reading portfolio.
2. Opinions of the participants:
- Nhi: I found a lot of useful information on the topic of culture, I think it is suitable
for this assignment.
- Tuan: I also learned about the cultural topic, in addition I also had basic
understanding about the health topic.
- Thien: That's a pretty good, we can share what we have with each other
- Chi: We also need to find passages that are at the correct B1 level.
Then the members discussed together what we had learned. We discussed and found 5
paragraphs that fit the topic.

11
3. Conclusion:
- Agreed to take 5 articles as project.
- Agree on the overall layout of the reading portfolio.
4. Next implementation plan:
- Each member completes a first draft of contribution to the reading portfolio.
5. Evaluate the effectiveness of group work at the meeting: Members fully participate and
actively participate in giving constructive opinions at the meeting

Hanoi, February 21th 2025

Secretary Group leader

12
13
 Banking Academy SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM
Class: 242ENG03A18 Independence – Freedom – Happiness
Group: 8
No: 04

MEETING MINUTES

I. Date: March 19th 2025

II. Time: From 10:08 pm to 10:34 pm
III. Meeting format: Online (There is proof at the end of the meeting minutes)
IV. Participants in meeting:
Full name Student code Attend Absent Sign confirmation
Nguyen Thi Kim Chi 26A4052959 X
Vo Thi Yen Nhi 26A4050697 X
Nguyen Quang Thien 26A4051157 X
Nguyen Viet Thai Tuan 26A4051631 X
Nguyen Thi Tuyet 23A4070205 X

V. Meeting content:
1. Discussion content:
- Group members exchange their drafts and read, comment, and give each other
feedback on content, structure, language, and citations.
- Each member edits and refines draft based on the feedback received.
2. Opinions of the participants:
- Thien: I think the first article should be presented in a more scientific and easy-to-
read way. Furthermore, the answer section also needs to explain in more detail.
- Nhi: I agree and the second article is the same, I still find it a bit simple and not
detailed enough.
- Tuyet: The third and fourth paragraphs are presented and explained quite well. We
just need to check again to see if there are any errors in presentation.
- Tuan: The 5th article is not quite on point, we should summarize it in a more
scientific way.

14
 Then everyone exchanges their drafts and read, comment, and give each other
feedback on content, structure, language, and citations. Each member edits and refines his or
her draft based on the feedback received.
3. Conclusion:
- Almost solved the errors and omissions in the project.
4. Next implementation plan:
- The team compiles each member's edited pieces into a complete reading portfolio.
5. Evaluate the effectiveness of group work at the meeting: Members fully participate and
actively participate in giving constructive opinions at the meeting

Hanoi, March 19th 2025

Secretary Group leader

15
16
 Banking Academy SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM
Class: 242ENG03A18 Independence – Freedom – Happiness
Group: 8
No: 05

MEETING MINUTES

I. Date: March 22th 2025

II. Time: From 04:15 pm to 04:40 pm
III. Meeting format: Offline, on Campus, Banking Academy
IV. Participants in meeting:
Full name Student code Attend Absent Sign confirmation
Nguyen Thi Kim Chi 26A4052959 X
Vo Thi Yen Nhi 26A4050697 X
Nguyen Quang Thien 26A4051157 X
Nguyen Viet Thai Tuan 26A4051631 X
Nguyen Thi Tuyet 23A4070205 X

V. Meeting content:
1. Discussion content:
- The team compiles each member's edited pieces into a complete reading portfolio.
- Read and thoroughly check the entire portfolio for spelling, grammar, formatting,
and consistency.
2. Opinions of the participants:
-Tuan: I saw that everyone had done as required, and asked if the group members had
any difficulties or errors that needed to be fixed.
- Everyone answer all done
3. Conclusion:
- The group has completed the project and is ready to submit it to the lecturer.
4. Next implementation plan:
- Write a group work report
- Submit the project.
5. Evaluate the effectiveness of group work at the meeting:
17
 - Effective meeting

Hanoi, March 22th 2025

Secretary Group leader

18
 Banking Academy SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM
Class: 242ENG03A18 Independence – Freedom – Happiness
Group: 8

GROUP WORK REPORT

I. Reason for forming the group

-The group was established with the goal of bringing together members with diverse
interests, skills and experiences to ensure project richness.
- General goal: Get a high score for English III
II. Reason for choosing topic
We chose the topics of health and culture for our reading portfolio because they are
important parts of our lives. Health is necessary for everyone because staying healthy helps
us live happily and do our daily activities well. Learning about health can give us useful tips
on how to take care of our bodies and minds. Culture, on the other hand, helps us understand
who we are and how we connect with others. It includes traditions, beliefs, and ways of
living that make each community unique. By choosing these topics, we hope to learn more
about how health and culture affect our lives and the world around us.
III. Outcome
- Select a topic: The group chose Health and Culture because all members find them
interesting and they have many ideas to explore.
- Complete a group assignment: Create a reading list on Health and Culture at B1
level by researching and collecting reading materials. Make sure the selected articles are
different and give enough information about both topics.
- Improve teamwork skills: Develop teamwork, searching for information, problem-
solving, and critical thinking through working together. Each member takes part in the tasks.
The work is shared well, and the team follows a clear plan to finish on time.
IV. Efficiency
- Reasonable assignment: There are five members in our group and our team leader
assigned tasks reasonably and equally. Each member was responsible for finding an article
and designing a reading exercise on the topic of Health or Culture according to the project
requirements. This division helped make use of all members’ strengths and ensured that all
five reading exercises were completed efficiently and on time.
- Regular communication: The group members maintained open and continuous
communication, frequently discussed ideas, gave feedback, and supported each other

19
throughout the process of working on the project and reviewing the reading exercises to
achieve the best result.
- Effective methods: The group applied effective working methods such as group
discussions, brainstorming, checking and reviewing each other’s work to make the project
better.
V. Achievement
- Improve Research and Information Search Skills: Learn to distinguish between
different types of sources (print, journal, book, online), evaluate the reliability and relevance
of each source to the research topic. Practice using online and library search engines
effectively to find relevant information. Access and exploit a variety of information sources,
including both academic and popular sources.
- Effective communication: Reading and Text Analysis Skills: Practice reading and
understanding complex texts, identifying main ideas, arguments, and supporting details, and
learn how to analyze information from multiple sources, compare, contrast, and evaluate the
objectivity and reliability of information. At the same time, improve the skills of
summarizing the main content of articles and citing sources accurately according to the
rules.
- Writing and Presentation Skills: Practice writing clearly, coherently, and in a
structured manner, using language appropriate to academic purposes, learn how to organize
and present ideas logically and easily in a reading portfolio. This also helps improve the
ability to use vocabulary and grammar accurately and effectively.
- Members interact and help each other during group work, developing each
individual's teamwork capacity.
VI. Contribution of each member
1. Nguyen Viet Thai Tuan (Leader)
- Assign tasks to members, monitor and remind to ensure project progress.
- Contribute ideas for the content of the conversation, evaluate and comment on the
level of contribution and participation of each member.
- Actively participate in group discussions.
- Find the first and fifth articles
- Responsible for the second article and the review of the third article.
Contribution rate: 21% Sign confirmation
2. Nguyen Thi Kim Chi
- Actively participate in group meetings and support other members during practice.
20
 - Find the second article.
- Responsible for the third article and the review of the fourth article.
Contribution rate: 21% Sign confirmation
3. Vo Thi Yen Nhi
- Actively participate in the project preparation process.
- Actively participate in group discussions.
- Find the third article.
- Responsible for the first article and comments on the 2nd and 5th articles.
Contribution rate: 21% Sign confirmation
4. Nguyen Quang Thien
- Actively participate in group discussions.
- Summarize all meeting reports
- Find the fourth article times 1
- Responsible for the fifth article and the review of the first article
Contribution rate: 21% Sign confirmation
5. Nguyen Thi Tuyet.
- Joined the group latest and contribution level is not high
- Actively participate in 2 group discussions.
- Find the fourth article times 2
- Responsible for the fourth article.
Contribution rate: 16% Sign confirmation

Hanoi, March 25th 2025

Secretary Group leader

21
 READING PORTFOLIO

TOPIC 1: HEALTH

1ST ARTICLE: Multiple choice (10 gaps filling with provided answers) + 10 new words/
phrases with meaning and a related example.
Part 1: Fill in the blanks with the correct word from the options provided.
How to Improve Mental Health
Mental health includes our emotional, psychological, and social well-being. It affects how
we think, feel, and act as we [1]..... with life. Mental health is important at every stage of
life, from childhood and adolescence through adulthood and [2]..... There are many different
things you can do to improve your mental health.
It's important to try to have a positive outlook; some ways to do that include: [3]..... balance
between positive and negative emotions. Staying positive doesn't mean that you never feel
negative emotions, such as sadness or anger. You need to feel them so that you can move
through difficult situations. For example, it's not helpful to keep thinking about bad things
that happened in the past or worry too much about the future. Trying to hold on to the
positive emotions when you have them.
Practicing gratitude, which means being thankful for the good things in your life. It's helpful
to do this every day, either by thinking about what you are grateful for or [4].... it down in a
journal. These can be big things, such as the support you have from loved ones, or little
things, such as enjoying a nice meal. It's important to allow yourself a moment to enjoy that
you had the positive experience. Practicing gratitude can help you to see your life
differently.
Connecting with others. Humans are social creatures, and it's important to have strong,
healthy relationships with others. Having good social support may help [5]..... you against
the harms of stress. It is also good to have different types of connections. Besides connecting
with family and friends, you could find ways to get [6]..... with your community or
neighborhood. For example, you could volunteer for a local organization or join a group that
is focused on a hobby you enjoy.
Developing a sense of meaning and purpose in life. This could be through your job,
volunteering, learning new skills, or exploring your spirituality. Developing coping skills,
which are methods you use to [7].... with stressful situations. They may help you face a
problem, take action, be flexible, and not easily give up in solving it. Meditation, which is a
mind and body practice where you learn to focus your attention and awareness.

22
Taking care of your physical health, since your physical and mental health are connected.
Exercise can reduce feelings of stress and depression and improve your mood. Getting
enough sleep. Sleep affects your mood. If you don't get [8].... good sleep, you may become
more easily annoyed and angry. Over the long term, a lack of quality sleep can make you
more likely to become depressed. So it's important to [9]..... sure that you have a regular
sleep schedule and get enough quality sleep every night. Healthy eating. Good nutrition will
help you feel better physically but could also improve your mood and decrease anxiety and
stress.
It's also important to recognize when you need to get help. Talk therapy and/or medicines
can treat mental disorders. If you don't know where to get treatment, start by [10].... your
primary care provider.

1. A. face B. cope C. handle D. treat

2. A. growing B. seniority C. aging D. oldness
3. A. Making. B. Finding C. Taking D. Going
4. A. writing B. reading C. recording D. telling
5. A. defend B. fight C. protect D. prevent
6. A. interacted B. involved C. interested. D. inspired
7. A. manage B. solve C. face D. deal
8. A. an B. the C. a D. Ø (no article)
9. A. make B. making C. made D. makes
10. A. contact B. contacting C. contacts D. contacted

23
Part 2: New words

New
No Meaning (Eng) Meaning (Vie) Example
words/Phrases

Well-being Exercise is
The state of being Trạng thái khỏe
(noun) essential for
1 physically and mentally mạnh về thể chất và
maintaining
/ˈwel biːɪŋ/ healthy tinh thần
mental well-being.

Coping skills Developing coping

The ability to handle
(noun phrase) Kỹ năng đối phó skills helps
2 stress and difficult
với khó khăn manage stress
/ˈkəʊpɪŋ skɪlz/ situations effectively
effectively.

The quality of being Practicing

Gratitude (noun) thankful and showing gratitude can
3 appreciation Lòng biết ơn
/ˈɡrætɪtjuːd/ improve overall
happiness.

24
 Resilience Building resilience
The ability to recover
(noun) Khả năng phục hồi helps people
4 quickly from difficulties
sau khó khăn handle life’s
/rɪˈzɪliəns/ or hardships
challenges

Help and comfort

Social support received from family, A strong social
Sự hỗ trợ từ xã hội,
(noun phrase) friends, or the support system
5 gia đình hoặc bạn
community helps people deal
/ˈsəʊʃl səˈpɔːt/ bè
with stress

Meditation A practice that helps Thiền, phương Meditation helps

6 (noun) relax the mind and pháp giúp thư giãn people stay calm
/ˌmedɪˈteɪʃn/ improve focus tâm trí and focused

Self-awareness Self-awareness
The ability to recognize
(noun) Nhận thức về bản helps us
7 and understand one's
thân understand our
/ˌself əˈweənəs/ emotions and thoughts
emotions better

The quality or state of Tâm linh, đời sống

Spirituality Many people turn
being concerned with the tinh thần; sự quan
(noun) to spirituality for
8 human spirit or soul tâm đến tinh thần
inner peace and
/ˌspɪrɪtʃuˈæləti/ rather than material or hơn là vật chất
guidance
physical things. hoặc thể xác

Mental clarity Sự minh mẫn tinh Good sleep and

(noun phrase) The state of having a thần
9 exercise contribute
clear and focused mind
/ˈmetl ˈklærəti/ to mental clarity

Mindfulness Practicing
The practice of being
Sự tỉnh thức, tập mindfulness can
10 (noun) fully present in the
trung vào hiện tại help reduce
/ˈmaɪndflnəs/ moment
anxiety

25
Part 3: Answer and explain

Question Answer Explanation

number
A. face - Incorrect. "Face with life" is not a natural phrase.
"Face" is used when encountering specific problems (e.g., "face
a challenge").
B. cope - Correct. The phrase "cope with life" means to manage
difficulties and challenges, which fits the context of mental
B. cope health.
1
C. handle - Incorrect. "Handle with life" is unnatural. "Handle"
is more commonly used with specific problems (e.g., "handle
stress").
D. treat - Incorrect. "Treat" means to give medical care or
therapy, which does not fit here.
A. growing - Incorrect. "Growing" means increasing in size or
development, which is too general.
B. seniority - Incorrect. "Seniority" refers to rank or experience
C. aging in a workplace, not aging.
2
C. aging - Correct. "Aging" refers to the process of getting older,
which fits the meaning of life stages.
D. oldness - Incorrect. "Oldness" is rarely used and sounds
unnatural.
A. Making - Incorrect. "Make balance" is incorrect because
"make" is not used with "balance" in this way.
B. Finding - Correct. "Finding balance" is the correct phrase,
3 B. Finding meaning to achieve stability between emotions.
C. Taking - Incorrect. "Take balance" is not a natural phrase.
D. Going - Incorrect. "Go balance" does not make sense in
English.
4 A. writing A. writing - Correct. "Writing down" is the correct phrasal verb

26
 for recording thoughts in a journal.
B. reading - Incorrect. "Reading down" is not a valid phrase in
this context.
C. recording - Incorrect. "Recording down" is incorrect;
"recording" is used for audio/video, not writing in a journal.
D. telling - Incorrect. "Telling down" is not a correct phrase.
A. defend - Incorrect. While "defend" means to protect against
an attack, it is more commonly used in a military, legal, or
competitive context (e.g., "defend your country," "defend your
title in a competition"). It does not fit well when talking about
mental health and stress.
B. destroy - Incorrect. "Destroy" means to completely ruin or
break something, which is the opposite of the meaning needed
in this sentence.
5 C. protect C. protect - Correct. "Protect against" means to keep someone or
something safe from harm, which is the best fit here. Good
social support helps "protect" a person from the negative effects
of stress. This is the most natural and commonly used phrase in
English.
D. decrease - Incorrect. "Decrease" means to make something
smaller or reduce it. While social support may help reduce
stress, we do not say "decrease you against stress." The verb
"protect" fits the sentence structure better.
A. interacted - Incorrect. "Get interacted" is grammatically
incorrect. "Interact with" is the correct structure.
B. involved - Correct. "Get involved with" means to participate
actively in something, which fits the context.
6 B. involved C. interested - Incorrect. "Get interested with" is incorrect;
"interested in" is the correct phrase.
D. inspired - Incorrect. "Get inspired with" does not fit the
sentence structure or meaning.

7 D. deal A. manage - Incorrect. "Manage with" is incorrect; "manage"

can be used alone (e.g., "manage stress").

27
 B. solve - Incorrect. "Solve with" is incorrect. Stressful
situations are not always "solved"; they must be handled.
C. face - Incorrect. "Face with" is incorrect; "face" is used alone
(e.g., "face challenges").
D. deal - Correct. "Deal with" is the standard phrase for
handling stressful situations. Structure: "Deal with something"
(to manage a situation or problem)

A. "An" is incorrect because "good" starts with a consonant

sound.
B. "The" would be used if referring to a specific instance of
C. a sleep, but here it is general.
8 C. The phrase "a good sleep" is correct because "sleep" in this
context acts as a countable noun, referring to a specific instance
of sleeping well.
D. Ø (no article) is incorrect because "sleep" is being treated as
countable here.
A make - Correct. The phrase "important to + verb (bare
infinitive)" is a common structure in English. "To make sure" is
a fixed expression meaning "to ensure something happens."
B. making - Incorrect because "to" should be followed by the
A. make base verb, not the gerund (-ing form).
9
C. made - Incorrect because "made" is the past tense form.
D. makes - Incorrect because "to" must be followed by a base
verb, not a third-person singular verb.

A. Contact - (bare infinitive) is incorrect after "start by."

B. contacting - "Start by + V-ing" is the correct grammatical
structure. "Start by contacting" means begin by reaching out to
B. contacting
10 your doctor.
C. contacts - is the wrong verb form.
D. Contacted - (past form) does not match the present context.

28
2ND ARTICLE: Q&A (10 questions with provided answers) + Vocabulary: 10 new words/
phrases with meaning and a related example
.
Thank you, teenage first aiders!
When 12-year-old Donovan Stuart had an accident, his friends showed what they had
learned at his school's first aid training. The boys were playing outside when Donovan
suddenly slipped on a stone and fell down a hill. He was lying on the ground when one of his
friends found him. His leg hurt terribly. Luckily, the boys had done a first aid training course
at their school just two weeks before, so they knew exactly what to do.
Donovan remembers "One of my friends called the ambulance, my friend Steve called my
parents with my mobile, and Joe took his T-Shirt and put it round my knee. He talked to me
all the time and told me that everything was going to be alright." Of course my knee still hurt
terribly, but because Joe kept talking to me, I didn't feel so bad. And I nearly forgot about my
knee and my leg."
Adam Johnson, the first aid officer who trained the children at Southend School two weeks
ago, is really happy "It's fantastic that they did everything just right. They didn't panic. They
called the ambulance right away, helped Donovan and what is most important, they talked to
him so that Donovan didn't panic. In our courses, we even do exercises on how to call the
ambulance and what to say. Now they have practised everything in a real situation. It will
make the students prepared for more dangerous situations that can happen in life. This all
shows that the work we do is important. That's fantastic!"
Frank Simon, principal of Southend School, is happy to see that they are doing the right
things at the school. "We started the first aid training only two years ago, but as you can see
it's a success already. Everybody should be able to help if there's an accident. Our first aid
training courses with professional trainers are the first step for our students. They know
about first aid, they know that they can help and I'm sure they will learn more about first aid
in later life."
Donovan had to go to the hospital for a few days but is at home again now. His leg is broken
but everything will be fine again in a few weeks. "I want to thank my friends. They helped
me in a very dangerous situation. I will do more first aid courses when I'm older, that's for
sure. And I want to ask our principal if we can start a first aid club at our school."
We are sure that the principal will listen carefully to Donovan's ideas because students have
great ideas. And there is more good news: Donovan has a 20-year-old cousin. His cousin is
going to be a doctor, and he wants to help out if there is a club. So we hope that there will
soon be a first aid club at Southend School. If there is, we'll report about it.

29
Part 1: Read the passage and choose the best answer to each question.
1. What caused Donovan’s accident?
A. A bicycle crash
B. A car accident
C. He slipped on a stone and fell down a hill
D. He tripped over a branch
2. How long before the accident did the students complete their first aid training?
A. One week B. One year
C. One month D. Two weeks
3. Who called Donovan’s parents after the accident?
A. Joe B. Steve
C. The principal D. A teacher

4. What did Joe use to bandage Donovan’s knee?

A. A scarf
C. A towel
B. A T-shirt
D. A bandage from a first aid kit
30
5. What was the most important thing Joe did while helping Donovan?
A. Ran to get help
B. Put ice on the injury
C. Kept talking to Donovan to keep him calm
D. Moved Donovan to a safer place

6. Why is Adam Johnson happy about the students' response?

A. They remembered and applied what they learned in training
B. They called him for help
C. They managed to avoid an accident
D. They treated the injury without professional help

7. What did the first aid training at Southend School include?

A. Practicing how to call an ambulance and what to say
B. Advanced medical procedures
C. Building first aid kits
D. Learning to drive an ambulance

8. What is the main reason Southend School started first aid training?
A. To win a competition
B. To teach biology
C. To reduce medical costs
D. To prepare students for emergencies

9. What future plan does Donovan have after his accident?

A. Stop playing outside
B. Start a first aid club at school
C. Join a sports club
D. Take more swimming lessons

10. Who might help with the first aid club at the school?
A. Donovan’s father
B. Steve
C. Adam Johnson
D. Donovan’s cousin

31
Part 2: New words

New
No Meaning (Eng) Meaning (Vie) Example
words/Phrases

1 First aid (noun) Basic medical treatment that Sự cấp cứu, sự She always carries
is given to someone as soon sơ cứu. a first aid kit in her
/ˌfɜːst ˈeɪd/
as possible after they have car just in case of
been hurt in an accident or accidents.
suddenly become ill.

2 Slip (verb) To slide without intending to. Trượt, tuột. He tried to hold on,
but the rope slipped
/slɪp/
from his hands.

3 Luckily Because of good luck. May mắn thay. Luckily, no one

(adverb) was seriously
injured.
/ˈlʌkɪli/

4 Knee (noun) The middle joint of the leg Đầu gối. She fell and injured
that allows the leg to bend. her knee while
/niː/
playing soccer.

5 Officer (noun) A person who has a position Nhân viên She works as a
of authority in an chính quyền, security officer at
/ˈɒfɪsər/
organization. nhân viên, viên the shopping mall.
chức.

6 Panic (noun) A sudden strong feeling of Sự hoảng sợ, The loud noise
fear that prevents reasonable hoang mang sợ caused the crowd to
/ˈpænɪk/
thought and action. hãi. panic and run in all
directions.

7 Situation The set of things that are Tình thế, tình She found herself
(noun) happening and the conditions cảnh, hoàn in a difficult
that exist at a particular time cảnh, trạng situation after
/ˌsɪtʃuˈeɪʃn/

32
 and place. thái. losing her job.

8 Prepared Ready to deal with a sẵn sàng, sẵn I wasn't prepared

(adjective) situation. lòng, sẵn sàng. for the sudden
change in weather,
/prɪˈpeəd/
so I got soaked.

9 Principal The person in charge of a Giám đốc, hiệu The principal

(noun) school. trưởng. congratulated the
students on their
/ˈprɪnsəpl/
achievements.

10 Report (verb) To give a description of Kể lại, nói lại, The students have
something or information thuật lại. to write a report
/rɪˈpɔːt/
about it to someone. about their science
project.

Part 3: Answer and explain

Question Answer Explanation

number

1 C The story clearly states that Donovan slipped on a stone and fell
down a hill while playing outside. The exact sentence is: “The boys
were playing outside when Donovan suddenly slipped on a stone and
fell down a hill.”
This tells us that the cause of the accident was slipping on a stone, so
the correct answer is C.

2 D The story mentions: “Luckily, the boys had done a first aid training
course at their school just two weeks before...”
This means the first aid training took place two weeks before the
accident, making D the correct answer.

33
3 B Steve was the one who used Donovan’s mobile phone to call his
parents. The text states: “Steve called my parents with my mobile...”
This clearly indicates that B is the correct answer.

4 B Joe used his T-shirt to wrap around Donovan’s injured knee to stop
the bleeding. The text specifically says:“Joe took his T-Shirt and put
it round my knee.”
This shows that Joe used his shirt as a makeshift bandage, making B
the correct answer.

5 C
Although bandaging the knee was important, the most crucial thing
Joe did was keeping Donovan calm by talking to him continuously.
The first aid trainer also emphasized that calming the injured person
is essential in such situations to prevent panic: “...and what is most
important, they talked to him so that Donovan didn't panic.”
Therefore, the correct answer is C.

6 Adam Johnson, the first aid trainer, expressed his happiness because
A the students did not panic and applied their training correctly. He
said: “They didn’t panic. They called the ambulance right away,
helped Donovan and what is most important - they talked to him...”
This demonstrates that they effectively applied their knowledge from
the training, making A the correct answer.

7 A The first aid training at the school included practicing how to call an
ambulance and knowing what to say: “In our courses, we even do
exercises on how to call the ambulance and what to say.”
This shows that practicing communication during emergencies was
part of the training, so the correct answer is A.

8 D The principal, Frank Simon, explained that the main goal of first aid
training was to prepare students to help in emergencies: “Everybody
should be able to help if there's an accident.”
This clearly shows that the purpose of the training is to prepare
students for emergencies, making D the correct answer.

34
9 B After his accident, Donovan expressed his desire to establish a first
aid club at his school: “I want to ask our principal if we can start a
first aid club at our school.”
This shows that Donovan wants to start a first aid club, making B the
correct answer.

10 D The story mentions that Donovan’s cousin, who is studying to

become a doctor, wants to support the club: “His cousin is going to
be a doctor, and he wants to help out if there is a club.”
This means the person most likely to help is D, his cousin.

35
3RD ARTICLE: T/F (10 questions with provided answers) + Vocabulary: 10 new words/
phrases with meaning and a related example.

Healthy lifestyle
Healthy lifestyle is the need of the hour. While it came easy to the earlier generations these
days people find it hard to follow owing to the fast-paced life. People are working hard,
partying harder and doing everything apart from taking care of their health. It is time we
must take our health seriously. A few healthy habits can help you develop a healthy lifestyle
over a period of time. Healthy habits that must be followed:
Follow a healthy diet plan. Following a healthy diet plan is of utmost importance when you
are trying to live a healthy life. Begin by following a healthy diet plan that includes all the
essential micronutrients and steer clear of junk food.
Wake up early. Most people are unable to indulge in exercise, have breakfast and spend few
quality moments with their loved ones in the morning because they do not wake up on time.
Make it a habit to wake up early each morning so that you have enough time to
accommodate all these tasks.
Exercise. Squeeze in at least half an hour each day to indulge in physical exercise of your
choice. You can choose to go for a walk, swim, practice yoga, deep breathing or do anything
that interests you. This helps in de-stressing.
Sleep on time. Since you have to wake up early, it is essential to sleep on time. You must
ensure that you take at least 7-8 hours of sleep every day.
Put your mobile aside. You should make it a habit to keep your phone aside while you are
working to enhance productivity. Also keep your phone at a distance when you are at home
and spend quality time with your family. The rays emitted by mobile phones are harmful. It
is thus suggested to keep it away especially when you sleep at night.
Connect with positive minds. It is always good to be friends with people who bring
positivity in your life and stay away from those who indulge in negative talks. Also socialize
with those who follow a healthy lifestyle rather than those who regularly indulge in
unhealthy habits such as smoking or drinking.
Have your meals on time. As important as it is to follow a healthy diet plan, it is equally
essential to have your meals on time. Make sure you do not skip your breakfast or any other
meal of the day and have your meals at the right intervals. It is also suggested to have 5-6
small meals during the day rather than having three large ones.
Follow your interests. Most of us are so engrossed in our work these days that we forget to
take out time to follow our interests and hobbies. It is a good idea to squeeze in some time to
follow your hobbies such as gardening, reading, writing or anything of your choice. These
act as a good replacement for the unhealthy habits and also help in keeping stress at bay.
You must make an effort to deliberately inculcate these healthy habits in your daily routine
to attain good physical and mental health.

36
Part 1: Read the passage carefully. Then, decide whether each of the following 10
statements is True or False based on the information in the passage. Tick (✔) the
correct box.

No Sentence True False

A fast-paced lifestyle makes it more difficult for people to maintain a

1
healthy routine.

Despite the importance of physical exercise, it is not necessary to work

2
out if you follow a healthy diet.

If you wake up early, you will have enough time for exercise, breakfast,
3
and family time.

4 People should avoid all types of socializing to maintain a healthy lifestyle.

5 Doing activities you like can help you avoid unhealthy habits and stress.

It is said that having three main meals a day is better for your health than
6
having five small ones.

The passage suggests that using your phone during work hours can
7
enhance productivity.

8 It is important to sleep on time if you need to wake up early.

37
 It is good to be surrounded by people who have a positive attitude and
9
healthy habits.

Healthy habits will naturally become part of your routine without any
10
effort.

Part 2: New words

No New words/Phrases Meaning (Eng) Meaning (Vie) Example

1 Fast-paced Happening very Nhịp độ nhanh, tốc The company is

(adjective) quickly độ cao hoặc sự looking for
/fɑːst peɪst/ chuyển động không someone who can
ngừng work efficiently
in a fast-paced
work
environment.

2 Micronutrient A substance that Vi chất dinh dưỡng Micronutrients

(noun) animals and plants such as vitamins
/ˌmaɪkrəʊˈnjuːtri.ənt/ need in small and minerals are
amounts in order to essential for
live and grow maintaining good
health.

3 Steer clear of To avoid someone or Tránh xa hoặc tránh If you want to

(phrasal verb) something that khỏi một người, stay productive,
/stɪr klɪr əv / seems unpleasant, một điều gì đó mà you should steer
dangerous, or likely có khả năng gây clear of social
to cause problems phiền phức, nguy media during
hiểm, hoặc khó study hours.
chịu

4 Indulge To allow yourself or Thỏa mãn, cho After months of

(verb) someone else to have phép bản thân hoặc being on a diet,
/ɪnˈdʌldʒ/ something enjoyable người khác tham he finally allowed
gia vào một hoạt himself to indulge
động hoặc thưởng in his favorite fast
thức một điều gì đó food.

38
5 Utmost Used to emphasize Vô cùng, cực kỳ Honesty is of
(adjective) how important or utmost
/ˈʌt.məʊst/ serious something is importance in any
relationship.

6 Engrossed Giving all your Mải mê

(adjective) attention to He was so
/ɪnˈɡrəʊst/ something engrossed in his
game that he
didn’t realize his
parents had come
home.

7 De-stress To get rid of feelings Giảm căng thẳng Practicing yoga is

of stress a great way to de-
(verb)
stress and keep
/ˌdiːˈstres/ fit.

8 Productivity The rate at which a Hiệu suất

person, company, or Good time
(noun) /ˌprɒd.ʌk management
country does useful
ˈtɪv.ə.ti/ skills can
work
significantly
improve
productivity in
both studying and
working.

9 Deliberately Intentionally Cố ý, có chủ đích My teacher

(adverb) usually
/dɪˈlɪb.ər.ət.li/ deliberately spoke
slowly so that
everyone could
understand.

39
10 Socialize with To spend time with Giao lưu, tương tác I love to socialize
(phrasal verb) /ˈsoʊ.ʃə other people for xã hội with my friends
ˈlaɪz.wɪθ / pleasure after school.

Part 3: Answer and explain

Question
Answer Explanation
number

“While it came easy to the earlier generations these days people find
1 True it hard to follow owing to the fast paced life.” (Paragraph 1, line 1-2)

“Squeeze in at least half an hour each day to indulge in physical

exercise of your choice”. This shows that diet is important, but it
2 False
cannot replace exercise. (Paragraph 4, line 1)

“Make it a habit to wake up early each morning so that you have

3 True enough time to accommodate all these tasks.” (Paragraph 3, line 4-5)

“Also socialize with those who follow a healthy lifestyle rather than
those who regularly indulge in unhealthy habits such as smoking or
drinking.” The author does not advise avoiding social interaction
completely but rather recommends associating with people who have
4 False
healthy lifestyles instead of those with bad habits such as smoking or
drinking. It means social interaction is still important, but it is
essential to choose the right friends. (Paragraph 7, line 4-5)

“It is a good idea to squeeze in some time to follow your hobbies...

5 True These act as a good replacement for unhealthy habits and also help in
keeping stress at bay.” (Paragraph 9, line 4-5)
False
6 “It is also suggested to have 5-6 small meals during the day rather
than having three large ones.” The author advises having 5-6 small
meals a day rather than three main ones. This means that eating 5-6
small meals a day is healthier than having three large ones.
40
 (Paragraph 8, line 4)

“You should make it a habit to keep your phone aside while you are
working to enhance productivity.” The passage suggests that keeping
7 False your phone away during work hours can improve productivity,
instead of using it while working. (Paragraph 6, line 1-2)

“Since you have to wake up early, it is essential to sleep on time.”

8 True (Paragraph 5, line 1)

“It is always good to be friends with people who bring positivity in

9 True your life” (Paragraph 7, line 1-2)

“You must make an effort to deliberately inculcate these healthy

habits in your daily routine…” The passage states that you must
10 False make an effort to develop these habits, meaning they don’t come
automatically. (Paragraph 10)

41
 TOPIC 2: CULTURE

4TH ARTICLE: Matching (10 questions with provided answers) + Vocabulary: 10 new
words/ phrases with meaning and a related example

Culture shock
Saying Tamara Blackmore experienced culture shock when she arrived here last September
is an understatement. It was more like an extreme form of culture shock for this adventurous
student who left Melbourne’s Monash University to spend a year at Boston College (BC).
Blackmore, 20, was joined at BC by 50 other exchange students who enroll in American
colleges each year. Blackmore discovered first hand there is a sea of difference between
reading about and experiencing America firsthand. She felt the difference as soon as she
stepped off the plane.
As soon as she landed in Boston, Blackmore could feel the tension in the air. She was about
to taste a lifestyle far more hectic than the one she left. “Driving in Boston is crazy,” says
Blackmore. “It took me a while to get used to the roads and the driving style here. I was
always afraid someone was going to hit me. It was particularly tricky since the steering
wheel was on the wrong side of the car. In Australia it’s on the right side.” Beyond the cars
and the traffic jams, Blackmore said it took a while to get used to so many people in one
place, all of whom seemed like they were moving very quickly.
“There are only 18 million people in Australia spread out over an entire country,” she says,
“compared to more than six million people in the state of Massachusetts alone. We don’t
have the kind of congestion you have in Boston. There is a whole different perception of
space.”
The pressing problem for Blackmore was making a quick adjustment to the American
lifestyle that felt like it was run by a stopwatch. For this easygoing Australian, Americans
seemed like perpetual-motion machines. “Americans are very time-oriented,” Blackmore
says. “Everything is done according to a plan. They’re always busy, which made me feel
guilty about wanting to just sit around and occasionally watch television. Australians, on the
other hand, value their leisure time. The pace there is a lot slower because we don’t feel the
need to always be busy. It’s not that Australians are lazy, it’s just that they have a different
concept of how time should be spent. Back home, I used to spend a lot more time just talking
to my friends.
It didn't take long for Blackmore to get used to American rhythms. “I felt the pressure to
work harder and do more because everyone was running around doing so much,” she says.
When BC students weren’t studying, Blackmore found it strange that they were
compulsively jogging, running, biking, or doing aerobics in order to be thin. “Compared to
home, I heard a lot of stories about the pressure to be thin and that many young American
women have eating disorders. I’ll go out with a friend and just enjoy a good meal and have a
good time, whereas an American girl would just eat only a small amount of food on her
plate.”
42
Part 1: Read the passage carefully. Match each statement in Column A with the
corresponding answer from Column B by selecting the correct option for questions 1 to
10 to complete the exercise.

A B

1. Where did Tamara Blackmore come A. It’s on the right side in Australia.
from?

2. Why did Blackmore feel culture B. Melbourne’s Monash University.

shock?

3. What surprised Blackmore about C. There are more than six million
driving in Boston? people in Massachusetts.

4. Where is the steering wheel in D. She saw a big difference between

Australian cars? reading about and living in America.

5. How many people live in Australia? E. The traffic and driving style were
crazy.

6. Why did Boston feel crowded to F. Only 18 million people.

Blackmore?
43
7. What did Blackmore find strange G. Americans are very time-oriented and
about Americans? always busy.

8. How do Australians value their time? H. They focus more on leisure time and a
slower pace.

9. What did Blackmore notice about BC I. They were always jogging, biking, or
students? doing aerobics to stay thin.

10. How do American girls eat compared J. They eat small amounts of food
to Blackmore? because of the pressure to be thin.

Part 2: New words

New
No Meaning (Eng) Meaning (Vie) Example
words/Phrases

1 Culture shock The feeling of confusion Sốc văn hóa When I moved to
(Noun) or surprise when Japan, I had culture
/ˈkʌltʃə ʃɒk/ experiencing a new shock because
culture or way of life. people were so quiet
on the train.

2 Hectic Very busy and full of Hối hả, bận rộn My first day at the
(adjective) activity, often in a new job was hectic
/ˈhektɪk/ stressful way with so many tasks
to finish.

3 Congestion A situation where There Sự tắc nghẽn, Traffic congestion in

(Noun) are too many people or Đông đúc the city makes it hard
/kənˈdʒestʃən/ things in one place, to drive during rush
causing crowding. hour.

44
4 Perception The way someone Nhận thức, cách Her perception of
(Noun) understands or thinks nhìn time changed after
/pəˈsepʃn/ about something. living in a fast-paced
city.

5 Adjustment The process of getting Sự điều chỉnh, It took me a week to

(Noun) used to something new or thích nghi make an adjustment
/əˈdʒʌstmənt/ different. to the cold weather
here.

6 Perpetual-motion A phrase used to describe Máy chuyển The children were

machines (Noun) something or someone động vĩnh cửu like perpetual-motion
/pəˌpetʃuəl that never stops moving (dùng để chỉ machines, running
ˈməʊʃn məˈʃiːn/ or working (not a real người/vật không around all day.
machine). ngừng hoạt
động)

7 Leisure time Free time spent relaxing Thời gian rảnh On weekends, I
(Noun) or doing enjoyable rỗi spend my leisure
/ˈleʒə taɪm/ activities. time reading books
or watching movies.

8 Compulsively Doing something Một cách ám She compulsively

(adverb) repeatedly because you ảnh, không kiểm checks her phone
/kəmˈpʌlsɪvli/ feel you have to, not soát được every five minutes.
because you want to.

9 Eating disorders A condition in which Rối loạn ăn Some teenagers

(Noun) somebody develops uống develop eating
/ˈiːtɪŋ dɪsɔːdə(r)/ eating habits that are not disorders because

45
 healthy as a way of they want to look
dealing with difficult like models.
feelings or situations

10 Rhythm The regular way or speed Nhịp điệu (của After a month, I got
(Noun) at which things happen in cuộc sống, công used to the rhythms
/ˈrɪðəm/ life or work. việc) of living in a small
village

Part 3: Answer and explain

Question
Answer Explanation
number

In paragraph 1, the text says: “Tamara Blackmore… left Melbourne’s

1 B Monash University to spend a year at Boston College.” This tells us
exactly where she came from—Melbourne’s Monash University.

Also in paragraph 1: “Blackmore discovered firsthand there is a sea

of difference between reading about and experiencing America
2 D
firsthand.” Her culture shock came from realizing that living in
America was very different from what she had read about it.

In paragraph 2, she says: ““Driving in Boston is crazy,” says

Blackmore… “I was always afraid someone was going to hit me.””
3 E
She was surprised and shocked by the chaotic traffic and driving
style in Boston.

Paragraph 2 states: “It was particularly tricky since the steering

wheel was on the wrong side of the car. In Australia it’s on the right
4 A
side.” This clearly explains that in Australian cars, the steering wheel
is on the right.

In paragraph 3: ““There are only 18 million people in Australia

5 F spread out over an entire country,” she says.” This gives the exact
population of Australia—18 million people.

46
 Also in paragraph 3: “…compared to more than six million people in
the state of Massachusetts alone.” Boston (part of Massachusetts) felt
C crowded to her because Massachusetts has over 6 million people in
6
just one state, while Australia has 18 million spread across the whole
country.

In paragraph 4: ““Americans are very time-oriented,” Blackmore

says. “Everything is done according to a plan. They’re always
7 G busy…”” She found it strange that Americans were so focused on
time and constantly busy.

Also in paragraph 4: “Australians, on the other hand, value their

8 H leisure time. The pace there is a lot slower…” This shows that
Australians prioritize relaxation and a slower lifestyle.

In paragraph 5: “When BC students weren’t studying, Blackmore

found it strange that they were compulsively jogging, running,
9 I biking, or doing aerobics in order to be thin.” She noticed that BC
students were always exercising to stay thin, which she found
unusual.
Paragraph 5 says: “I’ll go out with a friend and just enjoy a good
meal… whereas an American girl would just eat only a small amount
10 J of food in her plate.” Blackmore eats normally and enjoys her food,
while American girls eat less due to pressure to stay thin.

47
5TH ARTICLE: Summarizing (about 100 words) + Vocabulary: 10 new words/ phrases
with meaning and a related example.

Technology and Culture

Technology has changed culture for many years. When the gramophone was invented, we
could listen to albums in our own homes. After the camera was invented, we could take
photographs and hang them on our walls. Now we have the Internet, smartphones and
tablets, we can carry hundreds of albums and photographs with us at any time. And things
are changing faster than ever. We invited three industry experts to talk about the future of
culture.
"We listen to books nowadays, we don't read them." Eduardo Pirlo, Head of Now Books. We
are reading fewer books than ever before. The Pew Research Centre says that fewer books
are read by older teenagers. Other research says books aren't read for fun anymore, and it's
the same for adults. So why is this? When we read a book, we are not online so we feel
disconnected from the world. We feel we are missing something. We don't have the latest
news. We are not on social media, so we don't know what our friends are doing. We are also
reading fewer books on our screens. Sales of e-books fell 3% in 2016 in the UK. We look at
our screens all the time, so perhaps people are tired of them. We are listening to books more
than we are reading them. Downloads of audiobooks increased by 38.1% in 2015. Perhaps
that is because it's easier to listen than to read. And you can listen while you're doing other
things, like driving.
“People say the cinema is dying, but it isn't. It's changing.” Jess Adams, ADF Films. In the
past, we watched TV series in our living rooms and watched films at the cinema. But now
we have smartphones and tablets. We can watch them at any time and any place. 4.4 billion
people went to the cinema in the USA and Canada in 2006, but only 3.8 billion did the same
in 2015. But cinemas aren't dying, they're changing to win audiences back. There are now
more, smaller cinemas, and they offer more comfort and luxury. You can watch a film on a
sofa or in an armchair. Waiters bring you food and drink! They're more expensive though!
“We listen to songs nowadays, not albums.” Bob Nichols, Head of DWR Music. The
Internet has changed the music industry since the 1990s. We are buying fewer albums, but
we are streaming more music. The Internet is killing the album. 209 billion songs were
streamed in the USA in the first half of 2016. But only 100 million albums were bought
during the same period. Perhaps people don't want to listen to a whole album by one artist
any more. Maybe they only want to listen to the best songs. And we don't only want to listen
to music nowadays, we also want to watch something at the same time. In 2016, 46% of
streamed songs were videos. We all love this new technology, but we also miss the nostalgia
of the past. 6.2 million vinyl records were sold in the first half of 2016 in the USA. That's an
increase of 11.4%!

48
Part 1: Read the article above, we have summarized it into the following paragraph,
use the words in the box to complete the paragraph summarizing the article.

instant Instead consistently cinema Experts

embracing allowing nostalgic declining streaming

Technology has [1] .........reshaped culture, from the gramophone [2] .........home music
listening to cameras enabling personal photography. Now, the internet and portable devices
allow [3] .........access to vast amounts of music and images. [4] ......... highlight significant
shifts in cultural consumption. Reading books for pleasure is [5] .........across age groups,
possibly due to the feeling of being disconnected from the online world. [6] .........,
audiobooks are gaining popularity due to their convenience. The [7] .........industry is
adapting to decreased attendance by offering more comfortable and luxurious experiences in
smaller venues. The music industry has seen a move away from purchasing albums towards
[8] .........individual songs and music videos. Despite these digital trends, there's a growing
[9] .........interest in physical formats like vinyl records, indicating a complex relationship
between [10] ......... new technology and valuing the past.

49
Part 2: New words
No New Meaning (Eng) Meaning (Vie) Example
words/Phrases

1 Gramophone A piece of equipment Máy hát My grandfather still

(noun) for playing records in keeps his old
/ˈɡræm.ə.fəʊn/ order to listen to the gramophone and
music, etc. on them. occasionally plays
soothing vintage music
from his vinyl records.

2 Social Connected with Xã hội The company launched

(adjective) activities in which a new social media
/ˈsəʊʃl/ people meet each other campaign to promote
for pleasure. their product.

3 Research A careful study of a Nghiên cứu The scientists are

(noun) subject, especially in conducting extensive
/rɪˈsɜːtʃ/ order to discover new research on the effects
facts or information of climate change.
about it.

4 Nowadays At the present time, in Ngày nay It's much easier to

(adverb) contrast with the past. communicate with
/ˈnaʊədeɪz/ people across the world
nowadays thanks to the
internet.

5 Comfort The state of being Cảm giác dễ Nothing could truly

(noun) physically relaxed and chịu, thư giãn và comfort him after the
/ˈkʌmfət/ free from pain; the state không đau đớn loss of his pet.
of having a pleasant life,
with everything that you
need.

6 Luxury (noun) The fact of enjoying Sang trọng, xa xỉ The hotel offered a
/ˈlʌkʃəri/ special and expensive level of luxury that
things, particularly food made our vacation truly
and drink, clothes and unforgettable.
places.

7 Streaming A method of sending or Hoạt động nghe We've completely

50
 (noun) receiving data, hoặc xem âm switched to streaming
/ˈstriːmɪŋ/ especially video or thanh hoặc video movies and TV shows
sound, over a computer trực tiếp từ instead of buying
network. internet. DVDs.

8 Period (noun) A length of time. Một khoảng thời During that period of
/ˈpɪə.ri.əd/ gian cụ thể. history, there were
many significant
inventions.

9 Vinyl (noun) A strong plastic that can Nhựa vinyl. The band's new album
/ˈvaɪnl/ bend easily, used for is available on CD,
covering walls, floors streaming platforms,
and furniture, and for and limited edition
making book covers vinyl.
and, especially in the
past, records.

10 Nostalgia A sad feeling mixed Cảm giác vui The smell of freshly
(noun) with pleasure when you sướng và cũng có baked bread always
/nɒˈstældʒə/ think of happy times in chút buồn khi fills me with nostalgia
the past. bạn nghĩ về for my grandmother's
những điều đã kitchen.
xảy ra trong quá
khứ.

Part 3: Answer and explain

Question Answer Explanation

number

1 consistently The original article begins by stating, "Technology has changed

culture for many years," indicating a continuous and unwavering
impact of technology on culture over time. The word
"consistently" in the summary reflects this ongoing influence.

2 allowing The article mentions, "When the gramophone was invented, we

could listen to albums in our own homes." The gramophone was
a technology that allowed or enabled home music listening. The
word "allowing" in the summary captures this function.

51
3 instant The article points out, "Now we have the Internet, smartphones
and tablets, we can carry hundreds of albums and photographs
with us at any time." This implies the ability to access a vast
amount of data immediately. The word "instant" in the summary
reflects this speed and convenience.

4 Expert The article introduces, "We invited three industry experts to talk
about the future of culture." The word "experts" in the summary
directly refers to these knowledgeable individuals who provide
insights.

5 declining
Eduardo Pirlo states, "We are reading fewer books than ever
before." Research from the Pew Research Center also indicates
that "fewer books are read by older teenagers." The word
"declining" in the summary represents this downward trend.

6 The article notes, "We are listening to books more than we are
Instead reading them. Downloads of audiobooks increased by 38.1% in
2015." This shows people are choosing to listen to books as a
substitute for reading. The word "instead" in the summary
conveys this substitution.

7 Cinema Jess Adams says, "In the past, we watched TV series in our living
rooms and watched films at the cinema." The article then
discusses how "cinema" are changing to attract audiences back.
The word "cinema" in the summary refers to this industry.

8 streaming Bob Nichols observes, "We are buying fewer albums, but we are
streaming more music." The statistic "209 billion songs were
streamed in the USA in the first half of 2016" supports this. The
word "streaming" in the summary reflects this method of music
consumption.

9 nostalgic Towards the end of the article, it says, "We all love this new
technology, but we also miss the nostalgia of the past. 6.2 million
vinyl records were sold... That's an increase of 11.4%!" The word
"nostalgic" in the summary directly links to this sentiment and
the resurgence of vinyl.
While the word "embracing" doesn't appear verbatim, the entire
10 embracing article illustrates the adoption and acceptance of new

52
technologies (internet, smartphones, streaming). Simultaneously,
the growth of vinyl sales indicates a complex relationship
between adopting new technology and valuing the past. The word
"embracing" in the summary encapsulates this idea of accepting
the new.

53
 REFERENCES

BRITO, M. (n.d.). Technology and Culture. Retrieved from www.liveworksheets.com:

https://www.liveworksheets.com/w/en/english-second-language-esl/1518173
How to Improve Mental Health. (2024, 04 12). Retrieved from medlineplus.gov:
https://medlineplus.gov/howtoimprovementalhealth.html
Reading culture shock. (n.d.). Retrieved from en.islcollective.com:
https://en.islcollective.com/english-esl-worksheets/general-topic/travel/reading-
culture-shock/26681
Sharma, S. (n.d.). Healthy Lifestyle Essay. Retrieved from www.indiacelebrating.com:
https://www.indiacelebrating.com/essay/healthy-lifestyle-essay/
Thank you, teenage first aiders. (reading comprehension). (n.d.). Retrieved from
en.islcollective.com: https://en.islcollective.com/english-esl-worksheets/reading-
comprehension/finding-specific-information-scanning/accidents/thank-you-teenage-
first-aiders-reading-comprehension/161781

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