WORKSHEET OF CHAPTER-2(NUTRITION IN ANIMALS)
A. Fill in the Blanks
1. The process of taking in food and its utilization by the body is called
Digestion.
2. The teeth used for chewing and grinding food are called Molar.
3. The Liver produces bile, which helps in digesting fats.
4. The inner wall of the small intestine has tiny finger-like projections called
villi, which help in absorption.
5. Animals that eat both plants and animals are called Omnivores.
B. Match the Following
1. Ruminants → a. Stomach with four chambers
2. Amoeba → b. Pseudopodia for food capture
3. Liver → c. Produces bile
4. Small Intestine → d. Absorbs nutrients
5. Herbivores → e. Eat only plants
C. True or False
1. The oesophagus connects the mouth to the stomach. (True/False)
2. Ruminants chew their food only once. (True/False)
3. The pancreas secretes digestive enzymes. (True/False)
4. Villi increase the surface area for absorption in the large intestine.
(True/False)
5. Carnivores have sharp teeth for tearing flesh. (True/False)
D. Short Answer Questions
1. What is the role of saliva in digestion?
It helps in the digestion of carbohydrate
2. Describe how ruminants digest their food.
Ruminants digest their food through rumination. The food goes through the
four chambers of their stomachs and they are-
Rumen: The first chamber of the Stomach. It is also the largest chamber. It
contains cellulose digesting bacteria and other microorganisms to digest
substances.
Reticulum: The second chamber of the Stomach. The food goes for
rumination from here only.
Omasum: The third chamber of the Stomach. Water and some minerals are
absorbed here.
Abomasum: The last chamber of the Stomach. Digestive juices act on the
food here
3. Name the parts of the human digestive system in sequence.
i) Buccal Cavity
ii) Oesophagus
iii) Stomach
iv) Small Intestine
v) Large Intestine
vi) Rectum
vii)Anus
4. How do amoebas obtain their food?
The Amoeba starts to extend its pseudopodia toward its food, Then the
pseudopodium covers the food that it is taken inside the body of the
amoeba due to which the food gets completely engulfed and reaches inside
the Amoeba. The engulfed food is then digested, and nutrients are
absorbed for assimilation. The unabsorbed material of the food is thrown
out of the body.
5. What is the function of bile in digestion?
It causes large drops of fat to become fat droplets
E. Label the Diagram
1. Draw or label a diagram of the human digestive system. Mark the following
parts:
o Mouth
o Esophagus
o Stomach
o Liver
o Small Intestine
o Large Intestine
F. Long Answer Questions
1. Explain the process of digestion in humans’ step by step.
Reaching the buccal cavity
Food enters our body here
The teeth break down the food
The Saliva mixes with it and makes bolus
Passing through the Oesophagus
It takes the bolus 10 seconds to reach the stomach from the mouth
while passing through the Oesophagus
The way the bolus reaches the stomach is called Peristalsis. The
muscular walls of the Oesophagus contracts and relaxes in waves
called Peristaltic movement
Digestion in Stomach
The food stays here for four hours while it gets digested
Gastric juices react with the food here
Digestive juices convert the protein into simpler substances here
Hydrochloric acid helps digestive juices work and kills bacteria and
other germs here
Mucus neutralizes the acid and protects the stomach
The food is converted here into a semi-liquid called Chyme
Digestion in Small Intestine
It completes digestion
It does major of digestion
It connects the liver and pancreas to the digestive system
Bile reacts with the food here causing large drop of fats to convert
into fat droplets
The pancreatic juices and intestinal juices react here causing the
following:
Complex carbohydrates turn into Glucose
Proteins turn into Amino acids
Fat droplets turn into Fatty acids and Glycerol
Absorption in Small Intestine
The walls of the small intestine have tiny finger like projections called
villi which carries out most of the absorption
Absorption in Large Intestine
Mostly water and some vitamins are absorbed here.
Egestion in Large Intestine
The undigested materials are solidified as faeces here in the rectum
It is released through the Anus
Assimilation
Glucose is used to get energy through respiration
Fatty acids and Glycerol are used as energy reserves
Amino acids are used for growth, repair and to produce materials like
proteins and hormones
2. Discuss the adaptations in herbivores and carnivores for their mode of
nutrition.
Herbivores’ stomachs are adapted to digest more nutrients from the food
and Carnivores’ teeth have adapted to tear down the flesh
