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0
ANI
MALHUSBANDRY

I
NTRODUCTI
ONTOANI
MALPRODUCTI
ON

Domesti
catedani mals Wi
l
dani mals
 Thesear ethetypesofani
malswekeepat  Thesear etypesofani
mal sthatli
veina
homeort hosethatl
iv
ewithhumans.They natur
al envir
onmentorthoset hatdoesnot
i
nclude l
ivewi t
hhumans.Theyi nclude:
 Cat tl
e  El ephant
 Chi ckens  Gi raff
e
 Goat s  Fox
 Sheep  Baboon
 Rabbi ts  Snake
 Pi gs  Leopar ds
 Dogs  Ti cks
 Hy ena
 Jackal
 Rhi no
 Vul tures

Advant
agesanddi sadvantagesofpr otecti
ngwildanimalsandkeepi ngdomest i
cat edani mals
DOMESTI CATEDANI MALS
Adv
antages Disadvantages
 theygiveusfoodsuchasmi l
k, meatand  somet imest heycangetdanger ousand
eggs causeser iousi njuri
est ot heowner
 somear eusedf ortr
anspor t  t oomuchmoneyi sspenti ncar i
ngfor
 somear eusedf orentertai
nment them (feedingandwat ering, control
li
ng
 wesel l
them togetmoney parasites andd iseas es,ho using)
 somear eusedf orhuntingandsecur it
y  t heycancausesoi l
erosionbyeat i
ngal l
 somear eusedf ormar i
talpur poses thegrasses
WILDANI MALS
 theygiveusfood  somear esodanger oust hatt heycanki l
l
 theycanbesol dtogetmoney or cause seri
o us inj
u r
ies tou s
 theyaretouri
stsattr
actions  somef eedonourcr opsandour
 manypeopl egetjobsi nareaswher etheyare dome s ti
cateda nimals
protect
ed  theyca use dama ge totheenv ir
onment
 scavengerscleanupt heenv ironmentby  t heyspr eaddi seasesuchasf ootand
eati
ngupdeadani malst oreducepol lut
ion mout h
 peoplecanresearchaboutt hem  t heyreducet her esi
dent i
al area
 theymakepar tofourcur ri
culum  gov ernmentspendt oomuchmoneyi n
 theyaresourcesofrawmat erials them a s hepa ys offi
cers w hol ook af
ter
them, medi cationandf encingt heirareas

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DI
SEASESOFANI MALS
1.Catt
leDisease  Footr
ot
 Ant hrax 3.Chi
ckendiseases
 Footandmout h  Coccidiosis 5.Rabbi
tdi
seases
 Ri nderpest  Newcast le  Earcanker
 Bl ack-quar ter  Fowl pox  Earblockage
 Mast i
tis  Fowl typhoi
d  Coccidi
osis
 Br ucellosis  Infect
ious
 Tr ypanosomi asi
s bronchiti
s 6.Di
seasesofdogs
 Redwat er  Rabies
 Hear twat er 4.Di
seasesofpigs
 Mi lkfev er  Swinef ev
er 7.Di
seasesofbees
 Lumpyski n  Anthrax  Foulbrood
 Cont agi ousBov i
ne  Footandmout h  Nosema
Pluero-Pnuemoni a  Mast i
ti
s  Chalkbrood
(CBPP)  Brucell
osis
 Trypanosomiasi
s
2.Smal
l-stockdi seases (Nagana)
 Mast i
tis
 Brucel losis
 Try panosomi asis(
Nagana)
 Footr ot
 Hear twat er
 Pul pyki dney
 Footandmout h
 Black- quar ter
 Ant hrax
 Bloat

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 Methodsofcontr
oll
ingandpreventi
ngani
mal diseases
DISEASE ANIMALS CAUSE SIGNSANDSYMPTOMS PREVENTI ONAND
AFFECTED CONTROL
Anthrax -Cattl
e Bacteri
um -Highf ev er -Treatearlywith
-Sheep -Shiver ing anti
bioti
cs
-Goats -Lossofappet i
te -Buryorbur nremai nsof
-Pigs -Dullness deadanimal
-Bloodst ainedf aeces -Donoteatt hemeat
-Suddendeat hwi t
hin24 -Annual v
accination
hours -Reportsuspected
Indeadani mal s anthrax
-Darkwat eryblood casestot heveterinar
yas
fl
owi ngf rom anus, soonaspossi ble
mout h, v ulvaandnose
-Blownupst omach
Bl
ackquart -Cattl
e Bacteri
a -Highf ev er -Treatwi
thanti
biot
ics
er -Sheep known -Shiver ing -Annualvacci
nat
ion
-goats as -Lossofappet i
te -Burnorburycar
cass
Clostr
idi
um -Dul lness
-Lameness- usual l
yal arge
li
mp
-Swol lenandpai nful
muscl es
Mastiti
s -Cattl
e Manyt ypes -mi l
kcont ainspus, blood -treatwi thant ibiotics
-Sheep of orturnswat eryort hick -mi l
koutt eat
-Goats bacteri
a clots -massagewi thhotwat er
-Pig -swol lenudder -stri
ctcl eanl i
nessdur i
ng
-animal r ejectsmi lking mi l
king
-itki
ckst hebaby -usingt her i
ghtmi l
king
Techni ques
Footr
ot -catt
le Bact
eri
a -swollenpai nf
ulhoof -treatwi thant ibiotics
-sheep -animal lame -tri
m pr oper lyand
-goats -partsofhoofcont ainpus remov e
-pigs smel l theaf fect edpar tifrott
en
-hoofr ot -isolat et heani mal
-prov ideani mal swi th
foot
bathofcoppersul phate
-cont inuoust rimmi ng
and
moni tor ingoft hef eet
Footand -catt
le Vi
rus -fever,dull
nessandl oss -t her ei snocur e
mouth -sheep ofappet it
e -killall i
nf ectedani mal s
di
sease -pigs -woundsorbl ist
ersonthe -appl icat i
onof
-goats tongue, gumsand quar ant ine
betweenhoov es whenev ert hereis
-lossinmi lkproduct
ion outbr eak
-lossofwei ght -regul arv accinations
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 everysixmont hs
-i
solateinf ect
edani mal
s
-diff
icult
yi nwalking
-continuoussal vation
-highbodyt emper atur
e
-diff
icult
yi nfeeding
fr
om heal thyones
Mi
l
kfev
er -
Cat
tl
e Shortageof -temper at ur edrops -i
njectionofcal phon
calci
um in -salivacomesoutf r
om -feedsr i
chi ncalcium
bloodstr
ea themout h
m -exci tementt henf al
li
ngto
ground
-may bei ncoma
Ri
nder
pest -
cat
tl
e Vi
rus -highf ev erov er40℃ -notreat ment
-ser i
ousdul lnessandl oss -ki
lli
nf ect edani mals
ofappet i
t e -applicat i
onof
-diar r
heaandbl ood quarant ine
stainedf aeces whenev ert her
ei s
-fastbr eat hing outbreak
-nasal di schar ge -Vacci nat i
onofal lcatt
le
-rapi ddehy drati
on fr
om oneol dev eryyear.
-sunkeney es
Rabi
es -dogs Vi
rus -madness -annualvacci
nat
ionof
-chasi ngot heranimal s dogs
-bitingot herani mal sand -ki
ll
inganysuspected
object s dog
-runni ngmadl y -notreat
ment
-deat haf t ersomeweeks
Redwat
er -cat
tl
e Pr
otozoa -f ever -tr
eatwi
thantibi
oti
c
-const i
pat ionand -cont
rol
ticks
dullness
-yellowi shmucus
-swol lenl y mphgl ands
-redur inel ikecoff ee
-animal lickssoi l
Bl
oat -goat
s occurdue -rumenswel ls
to
buil
dup
gases
causedby
l
egumi nous
crops
Heart -cattl
e Protozoa -dull
nessandl ossof -Treatwithtetr
acy cli
ne
water -sheep appetit
e -Tickcontrolby:
-goats -animal movesincir
cle, Fencingandr otational
-fever restl
essand grazing
-pl
aceitsheadonhar d Bur ni
ngoldpast ures
objects and
grass
Ploughingand
harrowing
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 i
ndr yseason
Regul ardippingand
sprayingusi ngacari
cides
Swi
nef
ever -Pi
gs Vi
rus -Highf everov
er39C -Not reatment
-Weakness -Nov accine
-Diff
icultandfast -Fencingt hear eawhere
breathing youkeeppi gstokeep
-Diarrheaorconsti
pat
ion wildpigsaway
-Deat h -Keeppi gsi ndoors
-Kill
allinf
ect edpigsand
disi
nfectthehouse

Pneumoni
a -l
ambs -bacter
ia -diffi
cul tbr eathi ngand -Tr
eatearl
ycaseswi t
h
-calv
es -vi
ruses coughi ng ant
ibi
oti
cs
-pigl
ets -l
oworhi ght emper atur
e -Pr
ovidewarm shel
ter,
-poult
ry -Nasal dischar ge sof
tandwat er
yfood
-Lazyt omov e, dull
ness
andsl eepy
-Lossofappet i
t e
Pul
py -Small bact
eri
a -animal diesuddenl ywith r
egul
arv
acci
nat
ion
ki
dney stock nocl earsy mpt oms
di
sease -sev er ener vousness
-diffi
cul tbr eathi ng
-i
thangsi t
sheaddown
-wal kswi thst agger i
ng
walk
-afterdeat hsev ere
swol len, darkr ed, softand
pulpyki dneymaybeseen

Gener
al met hodsofcont roll
ingandpr eventingani mal diseases
 Cul l
ing:-
-Gettingr idofinfectedani malsbyki ll
ing
 Dewor mi ng
 Bur ningorbur y
ingcar cassofi nfectedani mals
 Dippi ngandspr ayingtopr eventdiseasecar r
yingpar asit
es
 Av oidingeat ingandopeni ngcarcassofani mal sthatshowsi nfect
ionofcertai
ndiseases
 Prov ingf ootbat hi ndoor sofani mal houses
 Treat ment :-
-Usingdr ugs( medicines)tocur ediseases
 Drenchi ng-
Gi vi
nganani mal adr ugonr out i
nebasi sdependi ngondiseasefrequency
 Useofant i
sept icsanddi si
nfectants-
-Thisi sdonet oensur ehighlev elofhygiene.Thet wocontainger
m kill
i
ngagent s
butt hesesubst ancesar enotatal l
har mful t
oanimal s.
 Isolation-
Anysi ckani mal mustbekeptawayoratdi stantfrom t
herestoftheherdorflock
assoonasdi seaseissuspect ed
 Quar antine-

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 Thi sisal awful actwher enomov ementofani malsi noroutoft heareaisall
owed
or i srestri
ctedandl i
vest ocksal esar esuspended.
-Lawr einforcementagenci esandt hepubl i
car eof f
iciall
yinfor
medofsuch
measur es,andany onef oundbr eaki ngquar antineispuni shed.
 Slaughtering-
-Incaseofcer tainhi ghlyinfecti
ousdi seasessuchasf ootandmout h,swinefever
,
br ucel
losisandCocci di
osi s,theinf ect edani mal sarecul l
edandslaughtered.
 Vaccination-
Thi sisawayofgi vingani mal sv acci nei nadv ancet opr eventsomev i
raland
bact eri
aldiseases
-Awayofgi vingi mmuni tyt oapar ticul ardi
sease.
 Control
lingdiseasecar ryi
ngani mal s(vector s)suchast setsef l
yandt i
cksbyspr ayi
ng
thebushandani mal housewi t
hi nsecticidesoral ternat i
vel
ycl earingorbur
ningthebush.

PARASI
TES
 Par
asi
tesaresmal
lorganismsthatdependonot
herani
mal
sbyf
eedi
ngont
hem and
usi
ngt
hem asthei
rhabitat.
 Anani
malthatapar
asitedependsoniscall
edahost
.

Par asit esofani mals

Ext ernal parasit
es Int
ernal
parasi
tes
Ext ernal parasit
esliveonandsuckt he Int
ernal
parasi
tesst
aysi
nsi
det
hehost
s
bloodoft hehost . -Tapeworm
-Fleas -Roundworm
-Lice -Li
verfl
uke
-Ti cks
-Mi t
es
.
Ef
fect
sofpar asitesonani mal s
A.Int ernal parasit
es l
ungsar eattacked.
▪ Ituseupf oodandl eav esthehost B.Externalparasites
withl essf oodt omai ntai
nsi t
sbody . ▪ Theirbitescausei rr
it
ati
onand
▪ Itsucksbl oodf r
om thest omachand i
tchingwhi chl eadt hehostto
i
nt estinewal lsandcausesev er e scratchitselforr ubagainsthar
d
bleedi ng. surfacewhi chmayhar mthehost
▪ Itmakest hehostweakandmor e ▪ Suckbl oodf rom t hehostcausi
ng
vulner abletodiseases. anaemi a
▪ Sever ei nfect
ionmayl eadt odeath.It ▪ Thehostmayl oseitshair
/fur
mayl eadt odiarrheaandcoughi ngif
▪ Lossofwei ghtandpoorgr owt h.

Met
hodsofcont rol
li
ngpar asi
te
A.Internalparasit
es ▪ Rotationalgrazi
ng
▪ Drenchi nganimalswi t
hsodi
um- B.Externalparasit
es
sulphat e ▪ Sprayt hehostwi thasolut
ionof
▪ Keepi ngt heani
mal housecl
eanand chemi calsuchasdi azi
noneor
disinfected ami t
raz
▪ Snai l
-i
nfectedwatermaybet r
eat
ed ▪ Keept hehostcl eananddisinfect
ed
withcopper -
sul
phate ▪ Dustt hehostwi thchemicalssuch
▪ Regul ardosing asmal at
hiondust

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 ▪ Oldmot
oroi
landdi
eselcanbe spr
eadont
hebodyoft
hehost
▪ Avoi
dgr
azi
nganimal
sinwetpast
ures

Usesofani
mal
s
Ani
mal Uses
Cat
tle -usedforploughi ng
-theygiveusf ood
-usedfortranspor t
ati
on
-wesellthem t ogetmoney
-weex porttheirproduct
stogetf
orei
gncur
rency
-theysourceofkr aalmanure
-theygiveusr awmat eri
als

Chi
cken -t
heygiveusf oodsuchasmeatandeggs
-wesel lt
hem togetmoney
-theygiveuschi ckenmanure
Goat
s -Theygiveusf oodsuchasmi lkandmeat
-Wesel lt
hem t omakemoney
-Theygiveuskr aal manure
-Theirski
nsar eusedt omakemat s
Sheep -Theygiveusmeat
-Theyaresol dtomakemoney
-Someoft hem giveuswool
-Theygiveuskr aal manure
Ost
ri
ches -Theygiveusf oodsuchasmeatandeggs
-Theirski
nsar eusedt omakecloths
-Wesel lt
hem t omakemoney
-Theyaresour cesofr awmateri
alssuchasf
eat
her
s
Rabbi
ts -Theygiveusmeat
-Theirski
nsmakecl othes
-Theyaresol dtomakemoney
-Theycanbekeptaspet s

BREEDSOFANI
MALS
Animal Breeds Descri
ption
Beefcat
tl
e Herefor
d -I
mpor tedf r
om UK
-I
tisredwi thwhi teont hehead,chest,
bri
sketandbel
l
y
Br
ahman -I
tcomesf rom India
-I
tcanbel i
ghtgr eyt oreddishi
ncolour
.
-Themal eonehasl argehump
-I
thasl argeears
Tswana -I
tcomesf rom Bot swana
-I
tiskeptf orbothmeatandmi lkpr
oducti
on
-I
thasv arietyofcol our
Af
ri
kander -I
tcomesf rom Sout hAf ri
ca
-I
tisdar kredincol our
-Themal eonehasal ar
gehumpanddewl ap
Gal
l
oway -Foundi nKeny a
-I
tisblacki ncolour
-I
thasl ongerbody
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 Char
olai
s -Itor i
gi natesf rom Fr ance
-i
tiscr eam whi te
-i
thasaheav il
ybel tbody
Bonsmar
a -Itwasdev elopedi nSout hAf ri
ca
-Iti
sr eddi sh- browni ncol our
-Iti
sadapt edt ohi ght emper atureanddr oughtofBot swana
Tul
i -Itor i
gi natesf rom Zi mbabwe
-Itvar iesi ncol ourandsi ze
-Iti
swel ladapt edt ohar shcl i
mat es
-Per for m wel l undergoodmanagement
Si
mment
al -Itor i
gi natesi nSwi tzerland
-Iti
sadual -pur posebr eed
-Iti
smai nl ywhi tewi t
hr eddi shpat chesonpar tsofit
sbody
-Hav eagoodgr owt handpr oducesgoodqual i
tymeat
-Canbecr oss- br eedt oTswanabr eed
Dai
rycat
tl
e Jer
sey -originat ef rom Jer seyI sland
-colour sv ariesf rom br owni sht obl ack
-i
tisl i
ghtani mal wi delyusedi ntropicalregions
Fr
iesi
an -originat ef rom Hol land
-Whi teandbl acki ncol our
-Itpr oducesl otofmi lk
Guer
nsey Dairycat tle
-Origi natef rom Fr ance
-Medi um si zedbr eed
-Col ourv ariesf rom l i
ghtbr owni sht oalmostr ed
-Itmayhav ewhi temar kingsont hef ace,legs,switchand
fl
ank
Ay
rshi
re -Origi natei nScot land
-Medi um heav ybr eed
-Usual lyredwi thwhi temar kingsorwhi tewi thredMar ki
ngs
Broil
er Li
ghtSussex -Itcomesf rom Br itain
chickens -Iti
swhi tewi thsomebl ackst r
ipsal ongtheneckandt ai
l
NewHampshi
re -Itcomesf rom Amer ica
-Iti
sr edt obr owni ncol our
-Iti
skeptf orbot hmeatandeggpr oduct i
on
Broilerchi ckens
RhodesI
sland -Itcomesf rom Amer ica
Red -Iti
sr edi ncol our
-Itcanbekeptf orbot hmeatandeggpr oduction
Lay
er I
saBr
own -Iti
sbr owni ncol our
chi
ckens -Itpr oducesl otofeggs
-Iti
sahy brid
Hy
li
ne -Iti
sbr owni ncol ourwi thwhi tepat ches
-Itpr oducesl otofegg
-Iti
shy brid
Whi
teLeghor
n -Itcomesf rom I tal y
-Iti
swhi tei ncol our
-Iti
ssmal linsi ze
-Itl
ay smanywhi teeggs
Bl
ackAust
ral
orp -Itcomesf rom Aust r
alia
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 -I
tisblackincolour
-I
tisbigandlay sbr owneggs
Goat
s Tswana -I
tcomesf rom Bot swana
-I
tisofdiff
erentcol oursandsize
-I
tiskeptforbot hmeatandmi l
kproduct
ion
Boer -I
tcomesf rom Sout hAf ri
ca
-I
tiskeptmai nl
yf ormeat
-I
tisusuall
ywhi tewi threddi
shhead
Angor
a -I
tcomesf rom Tur key
-I
tiskeptforitsli
ng, sil
kyhairusedtomakeclot
hs
-I
tiswhiteincolour

Saanengoat -Itcomef rom Swi tzerl

and
-Iti
swhi tishcr eam i ncol our
-Iti
skeptf ormai nlymi lkpr oduction
Sheep Tswana -Itcomesf rom Bot swana
-Ithasv ariescol our s
-Iti
smai nlykeptf ormeat
-Ithasl ar gef att ail
Dopper -Itcomesf rom Sout hAf r
ica
-Ithasawhi t
ebodywi thbl ackheadandneck
-Iti
smai nlykeptf ormeat
Mer
ino -Itcomesf rom Spai n
-Iti
skeptf orwool product ion
-Iti
swhi tet ocr eam i ncol our
Kar
akul -Itcomesf rom Russi a
-Iti
skeptf orpel ts
-Iti
susual lyblackbuti tcanbebr ownt ogreyincol our
Pi
gs Tswana -Itoriginat edf or m Bot swana
-Ithasashor t ,smal lbody
-Itcanbeofanycol our
-Iti
sv eryf at
-Usual lyhasf loppyear swhi chcov ertheeyes
-Producespoor l
yqual i
tymeatbecauseoft oof ats
-Itwithst andspoorcondi tions
Lar
geWhi
te -Itwhi tewi t
hsi lkhai r
-Theski nmayhav eaf ewbl uespot s
-Ithasabr oadsnout
-Ithasl ongandt hi near sandar eincli
nedslightlyforward
-Ithasl owandl ar gebody
Saddl
eback -Itblackwi thwhi t
ef rontl egsandsaddl emar kenci rcl
i
ngthe
shoulder s
-Ithasl ongheadwi t
hst r
aightfaceanddr oppingear s
-Ithasl ongcur vedbody
Landr
ance -Originat esf r
om Denmar k
-Iti
ssi milartoLar geWhi tei ncolour
-Ithasal ongst raightf acewi t
hdr oppingears
Dur
oc -Itoriginat esf rom Amer i
ca
-Iti
sr eddi sh-gol di ncol our
-Ithasdr oopyear swhi chcov ertheey es
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 -I
thasgoodgr owt hrate
Rabbi
ts NewZealand -Ori
ginat esf r om NewZeal and
Whit
e -I
tifwhi tei ncol our
-I
tisv eryl arge
-I
tgrowsv er yf ast
-I
tmayr eachawei ghtof5kg
-I
tismai nlyusedf ormeatpr oducti
on
NewZealandRed -I
toriginat edf rom USA
-I
tisreddi shi ncol our
-I
tisqui tesmal l
-I
tiskeptf ormeatpr oduction
Cal
iforniaWhi te-Or i
ginatesintheUSA
-I
tiswhi tewi thbl acknose, earsandfeet
-I
tisal ar ger abbi t
-I
tmaywei ghupt o4. 5kg
-I
tiskeptmai nlyf ormeatpr oduct
ion
Fl
emishGiant -I
tisthel argestofal lrabbi
tbreeds
-I
tmaywei ghupt o6kg
-I
tisgr ey i
shwhi te
-I
tproducev erygoodmeat
Chi
nchi
ll
a -I
tisbl uegr ey
-I
tproducesv er ygoodmeat
-I
tcanr eachwei ghtof5kg
-I
tisal ar gebr eed

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