Chapter two: livestock health and diseases
. Livestock health:is state the body of animals where all organs and system functions normally
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work.
. Livestock diseases: is any illness or abnormal condition that affects the animals
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Importance of keeping livestock healthy
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. Animals produce high quality and quantity products
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. Live longer
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. Health of spring
Predisposing factors of livestock disease
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. Age of the animals
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. Sex of the animals
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. Climate Change
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. Skin color
General sign of illness in livestock
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. Lack of appetite
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. Reduce production
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. Restlessness
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. Coughing and sneezing
Causes of livestock diseases
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. Living organisms which can be micro-organisms or parasites
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. Chemical poisoning
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. Nutritional cause
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. Physical injuries
Methods to control diseases
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. Proper feeding
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. Regular vaccinations
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. Keep sanitation and hygiene
. Proper housing
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Appropriate methods of handling livestock
. Hoof trimming (dhogor xiirid)
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. Dehorning (geeso ka jarid)
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. Custration (dhufaanid)
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. Culling ( kala soocid)
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. Docking (dib ka jarid)
. Isolation ( goni u xanaanayn)
Bacterial Diseases
Disease Causal Agent Symptoms Control Measures
Anthrax Bacillus anthracis - Sudden death- - Proper carcass
Watery blood oozes disposal/burning-
from body Quarantine-
openings- High Vaccination
fever
Mastitis Streptococcus, - Swollen udder/ - Treat with
Staphylococcus teats- Blood/clots antibiotics-
in milk- High Maintain hygiene
temperature
Fowl Typhoid Salmonella spp. - Sudden death- - Quarantine-
Pale comb/wattles- Vaccination- Proper
Loss of appetite- feeding and
Yellowish diarrhea hygiene
Foot Rot Fusiformis spp. - Lameness- - Hoof trimming-
Painful, swollen Copper sulphate
hoof- Foul-smelling foot bath
pus
Brucellosis Brucella abortus - Late pregnancy - Vaccination- Use
abortion- Brownish healthy bulls-
vaginal discharge- Artificial
Testis inflammation insemination-
Sanitation
Black Quarter Clostridium - Lameness- - Vaccination-
chauvoei Shivering- High Quarantine- Proper
fever- Loss of carcass disposal-
appetite Antibiotics
Scours Escherichia coli - Dehydration- - High hygiene-
Blood/mucus in Proper feeding-
faeces- White/ Isolation and
yellow smelly treatment
diarrhea
Viral Diseases
Disease Causal Agent Symptoms Control Measures
Foot and Mouth Foot and Mouth - Lameness- - Slaughtering-
virus Blisters on mouth/ Quarantine-
udder- Salivation- Vaccination
High fever
Newcastle Newcastle disease - Nasal discharge- - Vaccination-
virus Greenish diarrhea- Hygiene-
Coughing/sneezing Quarantine- Cull
infected birds
Fowl Pox Fowl pox virus - Lesions on skin, - Vaccination-
comb, legs- Hygiene- Cull
Breathing issues- infected birds
Poor egg
production
Rinderpest Rinderpest virus - Nasal discharge- - Quarantine-
Lacrimation- Teeth Vaccination- Mass
grinding- Fever slaughter
Gumboro Gumboro virus - Watery diarrhea- - Vaccination-
Vent pecking-
Weakness
- Vaccination-
Vent pecking- Practicing hygiene
Weakness
Protozoan Diseases
Disease Causal Agent Symptoms Control Measures
East Coast Fever Theileria parva - Swollen lymph - Controlling ticks-
nodes- Breathing Treating using
difficulties- High appropriate drugs
temperature
Anaplasmosis Anaplasma - Constipation- Rise - Controlling ticks-
marginale in temperature Treating using
appropriate drugs
Coccidiosis Eimeria spp. - Diarrhea (whitish/ - Hygiene
bloody)- Ruffled improvement- Avoid
feathers- Drooping overcrowding-
wings Treating with drugs
Trypanosomiasis Trypanosoma spp. - High fever- - Controlling tsetse
Enlarged lymph flies- Treating with
nodes- Anemia- appropriate drugs
Emaciation
Nutritional Diseases
Disease Causal Agent Symptoms Control Measures
Milk Fever Low level of calcium - Muscle twitching- - Feed calcium-rich
in blood Staggering- diet- Inject with
Twisted neck- calcium solution
Paralysis- Coma
Bloat Overfeeding on - Swollen abdomen - Exercise- Feed
lush pasture (gas)- Breathing dry forage before
difficulty- Salivation grazing- Use trocar
and cannula
