TXTBK + QA LAS

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET No. 2

Textbook based instruction paired with in __SCIENCE 9__
MELC-Based Quality Assured
Learner’s Activity Sheet (LAS)
Quarter _2_ Week _2_

Name: _________________________________ Grade & Section: _________________________

Teacher: _______________________________ Date Submitted: __________________________

MELC:
Recognize different types of compounds (ionic or covalent) based on their properties such as melting
point.(S9MT- IIb-14)
Lesson/Topic: Chemical Bonding
Reference/Source:____Science 9 Learner’s Material Page No.: __123-125___

Objective/Subtask:
1. Identify ionic and covalent molecular compounds

Activity No: 1 Title: Ionic and Covalent molecular compounds Day: 1-2_

Key Concepts:

The Ionic Compounds

Based on Figure 1, Ionic compounds are formed between a metal and a nonmetal. The chemical
combination between the two types of elements results in the formation of ionic bonds between the
atoms. Ionic bonds are the electrostatic force of attraction that holds cations (positively charged atom)
and anions (negatively charged atoms) together.
Sodium Chloride (NaCl) or table salt is an example of an ionic compound. It is the
combination of Sodium (a metal) and Chlorine (a nonmetal). Sodium becomes a cation (Na +) as it
loses an electron and transfers to the chlorine atom. Chlorine gaining the electron becomes an
anion (Cl-) and eventually, an ionic bond is formed holding these ions together.

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:207
_Ionic_Bonding-01.jpg

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 Figure 1: Ionic Bonding between Sodium and Chlorine

The Covalent Molecular Compounds

Covalent molecular compounds or simply covalent compounds are substances that are
formed from the chemical combination of two or more nonmetallic elements. Based on Figure 2, it
could be between a nonmetal and another nonmetal, or a metalloid and a nonmetal. Table sugar
or sucrose (C12H22O11) is an example of a covalent molecular compound. It is a combination of
carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms.
In a covalent compound, atoms of the different elements are held together in molecules by
covalent bonds. Unlike ionic bonds, in which electrons completely transfer from one atom to
another, covalent bonds share their valence electrons. The force of attraction between the shared
electrons and the positive nuclei of both atoms holds the atoms together in the molecule. A
molecule is the smallest particle of a covalent compound that still has the properties of the
compound.

https://brainly.in/question/6316008
Figure 2: Covalent bonding between H and O to form water molecule

FORMATION OF IONIC COMPOUNDS AND COVALENT MOLECULAR COMPOUNDS

Compounds are formed between the chemical combinations of two or more elements. To
distinguish between the types of compounds, one should first take note of the type of elements that
are chemically combined.

IONIC COMPOUNDS COVALENT MOLECULAR

COMPOUNDS

METAL NONMETAL
NONMETAL NONMETAL

METALLOID NONMETAL

Figure 3: Compounds Formed Based on the Types of Elements Combined

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To determine if an element is a metal, non-metal, or metalloid one should refer to their location in
the periodic table. Figure 3 shows the location of these three types of elements. The pink colors
are the metals, the blue ones are nonmetals and the green elements are the metalloids. As you
can see, most elements are metals and placed on the left side of the periodic table except for
Hydrogen. On the right side are the nonmetals separated by a stair-like barrier of elements which

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Periodic_Table_Of_Elements.sv
g

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are the metalloids or semi-metals.

Direction: Identify which of the following compounds is ionic and covalent based on the types of
elements combined by the used of the attached periodic table . Write Ionic if it is an ionic
compound, otherwise, write covalent if it is a covalent compound.

Example:

Ionic 1.) Sodium Chloride (NaCl) Covalent 2.) Nitrogen monoxide (NO)

______________1.)Carbon dioxide (CO2)

______________ 2.)Ferrous Sulfide (FeS)
______________ 3.)Aluminum chloride (AlCl3)
_______________4.) Water (H2O)
_______________5.)Glucose (C6H12O6)
_______________6.) Potassium Iodide (KI)

_______________7.) Barium Chloride (BaCl2)

_______________8.)Nitrogen Gas (N2)

_______________9.)Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH)

______________10.) Sucrose (C12H22O11)

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Objective/Subtask:
1. Identify the properties of compounds .

Activity No: _2__ Title: Properties of Compounds Day:3-4

Key Concepts:

PROPERTIES OF IONIC COMPOUNDS

1.) Formation of Crystals

The ionic bond formed between the cation and anion is very strong. The ions are arranged in
a regular, geometric structure called crystal lattice. Different ionic compounds have different crystal
forms. Naturally occurring ionic crystals are found in rocks and minerals; they are mixed with transition
metal elements to give rise to brilliant colors

A B C

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikip
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki
/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ameth
edia/commons/b/b1/Cinnabar-
File:Halite_3.JP G yst._Magaliesburg,_South_Africa.jpg
180777.jpg

Figure 1: A.) Rock Salt Crystals (Halite) B.) Amethyst crystals, a form of quartz (SiO 2), the iron ions mixed in
the crystal is responsible for the purple color C.) Cinnabar – a mercury sulfide (HgS) mineral and an ore of
mercury.
2.) They Have High Melting Points and High Boiling Points
Ionic compounds have very high melting and boiling points. The ions in a crystal lattice are
closely packed together creating a strong electrostatic force of attraction between them. Figure 1 shows
a small representative bit of the crystal lattice of Sodium chloride. The more ions there are in a crystal
structure the stronger the ionic bonds. Therefore, a large amount of energy is required to overcome these
bonds.

3.) They are hard and brittle

Solid ionic compounds are hard and rigid because of the strong electrostatic attraction
between ions, but they are also brittle. Applying pressure or mechanical force, like hammering the
crystals, causes the ions with the same charge move closer resulting into an electrostatic repulsion. The
repulsion between like charges is enough to split the crystals apart.

4.) They are nonconductors of electricity in solid form

Solid ionic compounds do not conduct electricity, instead, these are good insulators. This is
because the ions are locked into its crystal lattice and ions cannot move out, so the solid cannot conduct
electricity. Only ionic compounds in liquid (molten) form or aqueous solutions are good electrical
conductors.

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PROPERTIES OF COVALENT MOLECULAR COMPOUNDS

1.) They have generally low melting points and boiling points
The covalent bonds between atoms are quite strong, but the intermolecular forces, the attraction
between molecules can be relatively weak. The addition of a small amount of energy separates these
molecules easily. Therefore, they have low melting and boiling points.

2.) Most Covalent Compounds are soft and flexible

This is because covalent bonds are relatively flexible and easy to break, which causes molecular
compounds to form gasses, liquids, and soft solids at room temperature. However, there are exceptions,
primarily when molecular compounds assume crystalline form.

3.) They are flammable

Covalent compounds tend to be more flammable than ionic compounds. Combustion is a
reaction that releases energy when the compound reacts with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide (CO2)
and water. Many of these molecular compounds that undergo combustion contain hydrogen and carbon
atoms.

4.) They are not conductors of electricity

Ionic compounds dissociate into ions when dissolving in water, ions are needed to conduct
electricity. When dissolved in water, covalent compounds separate into molecules rather than ions so, it
is typically don’t conduct electricity.

5.) They can be classified as Polar and Nonpolar Molecules

Covalent Molecular Compounds can be polar or nonpolar. The polarity of molecules results from
the differences in the electronegativity of the bonded atoms.

Direction : Identify the physical properties of Ionic and covalent compound by completing the table
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below .

PROPERTIES IONIC COMPOUNDS COVALENT COMPOUNDS

Shape

Melting & Boiling Point

Electricity and Conductivity

Solubility in water

Solubility in Organic Solvent

Answer Key

PROPERTIES IONIC COMPOUNDS COVALENT COMPOUNDS

Shape Exist as solid in room

7 May exist as solids, liquid, or
temperature. gases

Melting & Boiling Point High Low

Activity 1: Ionic compounds and covalent molecular compounds

1. Covalent 6. Ionic
2. Ionic 7. Ionic
3. Ionic 8. Covalent
4. Covalent 9. Ionic
5. Covalent 10. Covalent

Prepared by: SENECA LYN D. MORACA

MA. CECILIA A. PADAYAO
Illustrator/Layout Artist: Modesto Y. Sapinit