Engineering Mathernati..

--.
7 f,,neti. . .
·ons of C9,mpl_~x ,,Variable 175
174 ' 'I1 ...
J.I -.- • 1. ::: , • • OU 2
...(3)
pifferen11atmg u w.r.L 9, we get = - 2, cos 28+, cos 0 (8)
Equating real parts, . .,, 88
,, I 2 OU
cosxcosh Y 2) and (3), we get-2r cos29+r cos9 =- =·- 2, 2 cos21f+r cos 9 +f (9)
u = - - -2- - 2 2
111
fro J1) ( oo
cos2 xcosh y+sin xsinh y \
Ha)=c
cosxcosh y cosxcosh y2 == _, 2sin 20+r sin 8+c_
- . ---=-==-
2 2
- cos2 i (I +sinh 2 y) +(I .. C(ix)'sinh. y cos i +sinh y
,,:~ 11
2
f{ence, /( z) = u+iv =r (- sin 29 +i cos 28)+, (sin 8-i ~os 9)+c+ 2i
2cosxcoshy 2cosxcoshy
= -==- 2 =i(, 2 e2i6-re'll)+c+2i
(2cos, 2 x-1)+(2sinh 2 y+I) cos2x+COSh
I • ;, y I •
Ex. 11 Find'the·(JIIJUytic junttion f(z) =I". + 'iv if,,u,& a(I + cos8) , · .. , . fJN1'/J ,,,i.
0
14, find the conjugate hannonic function of the harmonic function u = x2 - / .
r,JNTU 1998S]
Sol. Gl.., . ,=.Cl+a>9) 1 1., 1\ .~1,IJ <'nl, Given u = x2 - T ...(I)
Diff. w.r.L 0 l!lld 'r, 'we get, ·v ••··. ,1 1 1• •1 ·• - ;,v '-! ' OU r
t
ox = 2x
a au
· pjfferentiating (I) partially w.r.t. x,
o
V )
-a_="ei':.-a!
u .
,aa
.- , , ,m -·., -=u,
a, . =.r·" .,. •1\,· , ~•,
. ..... LI ' a2u I \ • ...(2)
Again differentiating ax2 = 2
Toe Cauchy-Riemann equations in polar
_ ,.coordinates _are u, = .!.
r va • vr -- -~"a
I
l'::, _' _
( 1:} I ":'. "" 'J' t Jo\ (.11 ,, au·. i"1.."tr ,
Differentiating (I) partially w.r.t. y, •ay = - 2y_
• rv, = -11e = asin 8
,.r. ',f a2u r
rv, =asin9 .. -- 2 ...(3)
... 0) ' ·. " {,; \ Again differen11a11ng, ay2 _- -
Integrating w.r.L •,•, v(r, 9)=asin8.logr+c(8)
- Differentiating w.r.L ' ~ ~: ·, , • ,_ , (\.
a2u a2u
-+-=0
de · ' ,,,,.
(2) + (3) gives, a.i2 .ay2 r. ,.
va =acos9.Iogr+-=ru, =r.0=0 . u is hannonic.
d8 , a !I.. ·• a
'( )
• '. , ' ·a 1 I "o <,:S I .
.
;-- 1, = 2~,+I 2V
U , UV U • tJU
Let, <
V be its harmonic coniµ,gate.
' , 'U ',
! Z =; -+1-=-:-
-• ax C ax I ax \ OJ ' (
\_ de_ -acos8.Iogv . i'
,
... d9. ,
-- I'J 1 I , Using Milne-Thomson method, /' (z) = 2z
Again integrating, we get c(8)=asin8logr+c1 ; where c, } s ,a cons~f• Integrating, ~e get f ( z) = z2 +c
, .)
1.l I
Substituting c(0) in (I), we get u+iv=(x+iy)+ik where c=ik
2
v(r, 0)=asin01ogr+asin81ogr+c1 = 2asin81ogr+c1
..,, f', !'J' - -
= x 2 - y2 +i 2xy+ik =x -:-/ +i (2xy+k) •.
f(z) =u+iv = a (l+cos9+2sin9Jogr)+c1
'• )
F.quating imaginary parts, v = 2xy + k is the required fonn. • -"%
t t, !'"1Jlit.' H
Ex. 15. Show that u (,x, y) = eh (x cos 2y- y fin 2y) is hannonic and find its hannonic
Ex.13. Find the analyticfun;t~n f(z);=u(r,8)+iv(r,9). - ~}l
• 'U i'he• ( • r {)I " 2' :J J:1• 1r. • / I, l conjugate. [JNTU 1998)
W n V r,8J=r COS2t1-rcos8+2. , il
Sol. We have by Cauchy-Riemann equations in polar coordinates t1•·
H
Sol. Given u (x, y) == e~ (x cos2y- y sin 2y) ...(I)
r auav
a,= OO =-22•0 .
r sm2 +rsm8 , , ...(I) Differentiating (I) partially w.~.L x, : e2~ [(2x+ 1) cos 2y-2y si~ 2y)
I or iJv ...(2)
---=-= 2r cos28-cos8
rae a,
1,1'
-
au ',
Again differentiating, iiu =e 2x[(4x+4)cos2y-4ysin2y]
iJx2
. ·
,,
...(2)
From (1), we get a,= -2r sin 29+sin 9
Differentiating (I) partially w.r.L y,: \: = e
2
.,.'t- 2x sin 2y-2y cos 2y- sin 2y]
Integrating with respect to ,, we get
u=-,2 where is a constant.
 Erigln'e ering Mathern 811, of, •complex Variable 177
176
Cl ' ...r.tloflS I
_, _ ,fLl,,ct .,.·tne-Tuomson method,
Again differentiating. •• ~• ' • g lY&l
· tq" vs•fl 1
• J'(z)=-3-i4z (puttingx=zandy=0)
a2 u = e-2.x [ -
·iay ( ,
4x+4)cos 2y_+ 4y siq 2y = --;;-T J cPu ~usinF (2)] . . , re ' , I r- . J(z)=-3z-i2z2 +c.
2 J • "' graung,
. r.JX Jnte 2
r;nd the conjugate harmonic of u = e-" -? cos2xy. Hence find i.<z) in terms of z.
a2 u a2 u
--+--=0
1.
7 £,
£1'•
.
[JNTU 2003S (Set No. 1))
ay2 ax2
col• •"e
.,. have
u is harmonic.
Let v be its harmonic conjugate. ,. ) r, " u =e
_.2_Y2
cos2xy
-au ·= e x - Y (-sm2xy)(2y)+cos2xye-"
2 • 2 2 2
-y (2x)
, ou~ . av ax
f (z)=-+1- 2 2 /
ox ox =2ex -y (xcos2xy-ysin2xy)
= OU :... i ~ . using Cauchy-Riemann equations
ox iJy 1~ • • f; J • I
au x
-=e
2- 2
Y
•
(-sm2xy)(2x)+cos2xye-" 2 2
-y (-2y)
2 and o)' 22
= e 2 -" [(2x+l)cos 2y-2y sin
• 2y ]- i e -" [ - 2x ''.sin• ..2y
- I- 2y •cos 2y-
' .
sin 2,1 =-2C -y (xsin2xy+ycos2xy)
Using Milne-Thomson method ' 2 · · ..,. the conjugate of u. Then
2 J..,el V""
f'(z)= e 2 ' [(2z + 1) cos 0 --0]- i e 2 ' (0) = e ' (2z +l) = e?; -2z + e ' , ;i : au av au . au
J'(z) = a_;+ i a_;= ax-, ay (Using · Cauchy - Riemann equations)
e2z e2z e2z 2 \ f, ,!I U '!HJ
Integrating, we get J(z) = 2z - -2 -4 + 2 = z -e +c 2 y2 · 2x . x2 y2
2 ,t- c ' == 2 e-" - (xcos y-ysm2xy)+i2e - (xsin2xy+ ycos2xy)
'r,n .. iJ BY N{ilne - Thomson's method, f'(z) . is expressed in terms of z by replacing x by z and Y
,r u+iv =(x+iy ) -e 2 .r + l "iy +c
= (x+ iy) e 2 "' (cos 2y+i sin 2y) +c , by O. 2 2 2 ,
Hence f'(z)=2ez (z-0)+i2ez (0+0) =2zeZ
= e 2-" (x cos 2y-y sin 2y )+i [ e 2-" (x s~ '2 y+ y co~'£ y.)+k] wh~n c =ik
2
Equating imaginary parts. we get v = e "' (2 sin ~y + y cos 2y) + k .
1 ' .. ' ( ' ;,-i .~ Integrating, J(z) = f2 z ez2 dz+ c = fe' dt + c (; utting z2 = r)
I
2
Ex. 16. Show that the function u ,; 4xy - Ji + 2 is harmon ic. Construct tlie i om!spo~ =e' +c =ez +c
analytic function f(z) 7 u+iv in terms of z. , , llf;ITU, 199~ or u+iv = e<x.+- i yJ2 +'c :!·l .r.-yh +i2xy +c
2 2
Sol. Given u = 4xy - 3x + 2 ...(I) , "JOJ = ex -y (cos2xy+isin2xy)+c
2 2
Differentiating (1) partially w.r.t. x, : = 4y- 3
2
=·ex -Y cos2xy+i(ex -Y sin2xy+k), where c =i k
. . . x2 Y2
Equating 1magmary parts, v = e - sin 2xy + k
·
=
a2 u ! :.,,
Again differentiating - -
ax 2
=0 I; ~\
Ex. 18. If j{z) = u+iv is an analytic function of z and if u - v = e"' (cos y, - sin y); find f{z)
au in terms of z. _UNTU 1995S]
Differentiating (l) partially w.r.t. y, ay = 4x (or) Find the analytic function f{z) =u + i v if u - v ..; e"'(cosy - ' siny)
·
'"'l'i'.J [JN TU 2005S (Set N o.2)]
iJ2u Sol. Given u - v = e"' (cos y - sin y) ...(1) '
Again differentiating, ayi = 0
~ - I; J. Differentiating partially w.r.t. x and y,
o u + o u ()
2 2
ou ov
---=e-" (cosy-siny)
ax2 ay2 /I ox ox ... (2)
u is harmonic. au av
-ay - -ay = ex (- sin y - cosy)
/
'( Z ) OU . av OU . au J ;-(Z ) = 4 y- 3 - I.• 4 X ,- '
OX ox ox ay
.-
178
Eng1nee"r1ng Mathe1ttatict
,· _ . f , complex Variable 179
-~
, .1 ....tlot's o
F""".
I•
ou iJv iJv ou ;..h' ' •s
[.· /(t) · ~ .,. j - 2)
• If :f'lz)= _u+~. be an analytic-('-'nction oft and if ~=(x-y)(x +4xy+Y •
2
-=--and-=- I
But c3y ax ay ·ax ...d) · ) ··P· 19 ·
,. ,erms of z. [JNTU J994Sl
1
ou + iJv =ex (siny+cosy) ,• , ,. ud J(rJ (ji¥eP
I"- f (z) = u + iv ...(l)
. ax ax ,tf J 501. /./ (z) •= iu - V ...(2)
(2) + (3) gives,
:- (Z) gives,
2ou - 2 ex cos·y ., ' l,i :J
-- (l)-+- J(z){i+l)=(u-:_v)+i(u _
+ v)
ax ...(4) (J+i)/(z)=U+1V where U=u-v, V=u+v
ou x -cosy
-=e c;::, -•iating,
or ax '· \ piffere•~ au . av au . au
") / ' (z) = - + , - = - - 1 -
(3) - (2) gives, 0 ... , .aA: , ax ax , · cy
.:.(5)
= iJi} _ ov ~; (au __
ov)
0\/
-=e X •
smy. l' -
ax-
Integrating (4) and (5) keeping y as constant gives ox ox ay iJy - -
u=e" cosy+'l'i(Y) = (x 2 +4.xy+ y 2)+ (x-y ~.( 2x+4r )-i[-(x2 +4xy+ y2 )+(x-y) (4x+2y)]
I
l'I'
2 2
v = ex sin y + 'I' 2 (y)
1 2
and _ ( i/+ i) / ' (z) = 3x +6.xy-3y - i {3:? -6.xy-3y }
.:.(6) ··~--- ·,,
= e X,.(cos y- sin y) + 'I' 1(y)- '1'·2 (y) ··. Milne-Thomson method
u,- v
'·' s 0s1ng · ,
(1 +i) /'(z) = 3z -i-3z
2 2
(puttingx=
._. , z and y= O)
From (1) and (6) ,, ,~ ,/ ) .. !:. ;::;
'1'1(y)-·'1'2(Y) = 0 ' J ~itt},
=(1-i) · 3z2
3
'1'1(Y) = '1'2(Y) Integrating, (l+i) /(z) = (1 _- i) z +c
We have u= •e x cosy+'1' 1(y) !° • I L\, 1-/ 3 t C (1-/)2 .
Differentiating partially w.r.L y , we get /(z) = -1+1
.
· -.. z _,,+_I-+-~ = -1+1
- - z3 +c =. - i z3 +c
. "
,.,. (
auay =-ex sin y+'l'i (y} o/
here c is a complex constant. ·
Ex- 20. Find the analytic function /(z)=u(x,y)+iv(x,y)
l-
,I
av -ex
- ax= sin y+'l'i (y)
[from Cauchy - Riemann equations]. ,
if u-v=
cosx+sinx-e-y ·
2cosx-e>' -e-Y
and •2 ' •
1(~)=0
I
av X smy-'1' cosx + sin x - e-"
-=e 1' ( y ) ,
ax .and u - v. = 2 cos x _ e" _ e-,, • find j(t.)_ subject
•
. ,.rni ,l~
(or) If /{z) = u + iv is an analytic . fiinction
:.'
From (7) and (5), 'l'i(Y) = 0 to the condition /{7t/2) = 0. [JNTU Nov. 2006 (Set No. I, 2)]
~-\1· , , •.t.!·,l ... (1)
Integrating "'·•(y) = c .:. ¼.,,,;._.,; SoL We have f(z)=u+iv
if(z)=iu-v . .. . (2)
Hence u=ex cosy+c and v=ex sin1+c I"! I
()) + (2) gives (l+i)f(z)=(u-v)+i(u+v) ': ·· (3)
f(z) = u+iv 11D
= ex cos y + c+ i ( ex si~ y + c) tire j'•,t(r Putting (l+i) /(z) = F(z). ~-v = U, u+v = V,
tt (3)'t,ecgrqes ! f'(z).=:= u ·+ iV _ -~,.,j_. ·,..:. ,, . ) !.'.)°\ ...
,.~ .., ,,
,·
.I
= ex (cosy+ i sin y) + (J + i) c · I• ·- ' \\
; ""'
It is g1·ve t U cosx+sinx-e-Y _ cosx+sinx-e-Y
= ex -eiy +k = ex+iy +k
J ' l.1.
n u,a = u-v = - - - - - - - - -~------
•()
« t~. 2cosx...,.e>'-e-Y 2(cosx-coshy)
or f(i}=e' +k. ~ - (cosx-coshy) (-sinx+cosx)-(cosx+sinx-e-Y) (-sinx) t .. , -
ox - 2 (cosx-coshy)2
- .180 r r.; 'Engineering
"
Mathe ..... '
I \. \\ . •

r::::
,
•
,
;,,"°''·on
J.,e
,

,t comP
5 O.i r • le•V•-•
n [(,) " F(,), u -
I+
v-U
-
and u+v=V, we obtain

181'
:~
au _(cosx-cosh y) e-y (cosx+sinx-e-Y) (...'.'s inh Y2 i (tinS ( F(z) = U +, V
and -=----
ay 2 (cosx-cosh y) 2 :sin2x
V=u+v
It is given that cosh2y-cos2x
Now/ F'(z) = au +i av = au -i au av (cosh 2y-cos2x) (2cos2x)-sin_.£.1 ;:~sin2x)
ax ax ax iJy
. (
;j; = (cosh2y-cos2x)2
- \ . r s, J - I '· i
- 2( l(cosx-cosh y) (-sinx +cosx) +sin x \COSX + sin x- e-Y j
cosx-coshy) 2 ·- ! , • ,,(-+, ' .
av_ (cosh2y-cos2x)(O)-sin2x(2sinh 2 y) _ -2sin2xsinhy
-1l(cosx-coshy) e7 +(cosx+sinx 2' -, and - - ~---'------'-~:::.!__:::.::.:~~~-=.!.!.. - 2
. . . .e h · .,, • iJy , (cosh2j,-cos2x)2 (cosh7y-cos2x)
By Milne - Thomson's method, we express F'(z) 1s terms of z by putting } ~ ;;and~,. au . av av av
1
Now F'(z)=-+1- = - + i -
F'(,) - (""'z-1)(-,;n ,-""''' •'"'"""''+sin,- l)-•1l""',- IH'Ol "
ax ox iJy ox
2(cosz-1)2 ,, .
= (-2sin2xsinhy)+i [2cos2x (cosh2y-cos2x) -=- 2 sin 2.x
2
1
_ cosz(cosz--l)+sin2 z-i (~osz-1) ':+ (cosh2y-cos2.x)2
- 2(cosz , 1)2 : 1·
f\ I' ' ...I I '.l
I ' ..irjlne -Thomson's method, we express F'(z) in tenns ~f z.by putting X = z and y = o.
(l-cosz)-i(cosz-1) -1-i
BY ,.. , • 1 •
'·~\ :- t\
i [2cos2z (1-cos2z) 7 2sin2 2;;} i2.(cos2z- l)
2(cosz-1)2 . = 2(cosz-1)
-~\._ (J F'(z) = .
(l-cos2z)2 (1-cos2z)2
-(l+i) ,\~J;)" { ml 2i 2i 2
, i.e. (l+i)/'(z)= 2(cosz-l) . !. I
cos2z-1 . 2 --icosec z
- 2 SlD
z.)'.
Z
f'( ) 1 1 . _l • 2 ( Integrating, F(z) = i cotz+c
or z = 2(cos~-1) = - 2(1-2si'n"l~
2 -1)' =';i'cosec 2 · .· ., r.•Tj JI •I ie (1+1) . f( z ) =1, cot z+c or /( ;;) =i-' c o t z
, C+ -i=
(1-i) .
- -. cotz+c1
1 1 . . (l+i) · l+i l+i · 2 ·
Integrating with respect to z. we get . '' ,")i'-" •· .. ,; '.-, Y'\ '.0!
f(z) = cot.z +c1
2
/ 1
/(z)=¾ Jcosec2 (f)t1z+c =-½co{½)+c - ,/ : '.;-'; "'
11
-\1 'Ex. 22. Find a and b if f(z)=(x2 -2xy+ay2)+i(bx2 -y2 +2xy) is analytic. Hence find
f (z) in terms of z. (JNTU 2003S (Set J't!,o. 3)]
• )' ,•
' · •Given /
• I • ( 1t) =.0
-
-
0 l t
= --co -+c
1t ' - -
C _
-
,!_ ' /
·
' ' -. i :; Sol. Let /(z) = u+iv be an analytic· function so that
2 2 4 2 /2 ' \it:
u=x2 -2xy+ay2 and v=bx2 -y2+2xy
~- • • • ' 1 1 { z) ·1::rl
Hence f(z) =---cot -
2 2 2 au .au .
- = 2x-2y, -=-2x+2ay
Hence ax '
½[
'I .),;3(S ) 1 I iJy
'
or f(z) = 1-co{½)] .\ l' iJ
av· av
-=2bx+2y -=-2y+2x
sin2x r,iNTU 2003S (Stt.No. 4 and ox ' • iJy
Ex. 21. Find f(z)=u+iv given that u+v= cosh2y-cos2x
Since / (z) is analytic, Cauchy - Riemann eq~ation~·
·sol. Given /(z) =u + i _'!_ J 1" \ H ~ •1
... (2) au 0V
+
! ... ( \)
if(z)=iu-v
- -r ~) _-;:..
)
~- -=-
ox oy
1.-
>t' -
(I) + (2) gives
(I+ i) /(z) =(u - v) + i (u + v)
.........__
182 Engineering Mathernat~ . r 9
of complex Variable 183
'· l l fllf1c;ti0'1
au av
- \• ;,:,.• 1-f'-"•:. ) ' \
f '(z) = 3z2 + 1. 4z+c2
and -=- tJence , ,
ax
'f
oy ·,~ . /(z)=3~+i4-~
3 2 .
J
are satisfied. 1ntegraung, 3 2 + c2 z + c3 = ' + 2 i z2 ;+- c2 z + c3 ... (3)
·•1•
(2) -2x+2ay=-2bx-2y
J(l +i) = 0 0 = (1 +1)3 +2i (1 + i)2 +c2 (1 + 1) +c3
Thi_s is possible only when a = ,- \, b .= 1 ,- Oi~en .~
3 2
Hence a = - 1 and b = 1. -' f(z) = z +2i z +c2 z-c2 (1+1)-6+2i [by (3)] .
'fbUS
Now /'(z) =:. 0"+.iov =2x-2y+~(2bx+2y)=2[(x-y)+i(x+y)] (·.- b- . ,.,,__ ShoW that the function f (x, y) = x3 y- .x y3 + x Y + .x + y can be the imaginary part
_ox '- ox - • ' I) f."· - .
(JIILl/ytic function of z = x + i Y
i • • I I -
• - - f . UNTU 2004 (Set No.' 3), 20045, ::Z.0051
By Milne - Thomson-1 method, f'(z) is expressed ·in terms of z by replacing x ~y of (JII ·ne the real part and also the complex function.
y by 0. · ' ...,,,,eflll1 al . f .
·\ .f. • •:t .
'JO'.' tlri v- .1. (z) be an an ytic unction of z_
ot:!nl. 1,et """ · ·
Hence f'(z) = 2 (z+i z),= 2z (1 +i) .r,
) = x y-xy +xy+x+ y
3 ' • 3
(iiven f(x • Y
2
Integrating, f(z) = 2,(1 + i)
2
+C= O+ i) .z2 + C J(x, y) will be the imaginary part of (z) if v2 f = o
where C is a complex constant. == 3x2 y- y 3 + y+·t: : = )'...,__3xy2 +x+ l l-•
Ex. 23. Find an analytic function f(z) such that NoW ox ! I
Re [/'(z}] = :¾x 21-'4y-3; 2 and /(l:+.i) = 0 'uNTU
01
2003 (Set N~: J)] ,r
a21 a2f
-=6xy, - - =-6xy
Sol. Since f(z) is analytic, theref~re· t'(z) is'.:aiso analytic. ' .' ; and ax 2 oy
2
' '.
f'(z)=U+iV. Then
Let
2
(
a+
- 1 - -o=2
f Q- .
2
2
U = 3x2 -4y-3y . r ... 1•,, ..,,.·- CJearY
l ax2 oy2 - , '- e. - V• f=O •-
-,: • i- d1 t i
Ux = 6x and Uy= -4-6y So J(x, y) is the i~agin~ p_art!.of an!. function of z.
·, ( .t,l
· Since U and V sati~fy Cauchy .- Riemapn equatioµs, " .,, Let g (x, y) be the real part of (z) . Then
Ux =6x=Vy )\ a a of of · -
Integrating with respect to 'y', we get dg = a! dx + :;, f.Y = -; oy dx + ai df " (Using Cauchy - ~emann equations) ·
', , ,, ... (l)
\, _V =6xy+c1 ,( x) , ,
\\ (
or dg = - (x 3 -3.xyr ,+ x+ 1) dx .+ (3xh - l + y+ 1) dy .--
. 'I \ oV· . , dc1 The above equation is exact differential equation.
NOW - = V =6y+- • -" .'; I C t~.J.J t • - }l
ox x dx
1'1,tegrati-=n~, g =. - J ~l - 3 ; .r, ;, +x f, 1) dx; J<:- l + y7 l) dy+c
Since Vx =-Uy, we have
y constant o?IY tho~ terms which do not contain x.
dc 1
6y+--=4+6y x 4 · 3x2y2 x2 ) (- y4 y2 )
dx
... (2)
=- ( 4---2-+2+x + ~ + 2 + y +c
c 1 (x) = 4x+c2
where c 2 is an arbitrary constant. = _ .!_(x4 + y4 +6x2 y2)+.!. (y2 -x2)+ y-x+c
From (1) and (2), we have ·v = 6xy+4x+c2 " " 2, ,: 4 , . · .2
/'(z)=U+iV=(3x2 -4; -3y2 )+i(6 .;cy+ 4x+c2 )
.·. _t .... , _
By Milne - Thomson's method, f'(z) is expressed in terms of z by,J'•,; epla'idng x by z aod l:
Now (z) = g(x, y)+i f (x,
"
y) where · f(x, y) = x 3
y-x y 3 + xy+ x + y
, I
by 0.
r 184 Englneering' Mathe
..
ll\ati.
j
' '
fl,11'1
c;t1on& .
• -
of complex
:26· p,ove that u
Variable _ Jw-u--ho l'\-i
,Yi ~ 1 l<A- v,._., ,- ab~
= C'l(r-y2) cosy+ 2.xy siny1 is harmonicandjind the analyticfunCP""
\ f."· . u.
cl>'(z) = ag + i af =~+i ff (Using C - R equations) e ,eal part
ax ax ay ik ,.,1i0 s
is
sot. Given u =_c • l(x2 _-y2) cosy+ 2.xy sin yl
=-(x3 -3x y2 +x+ l)+i(3 x2 y-y3 + y+ 1) .. au = -<'l(i1-y1) cosy+ 2.xy sin yl + r l2x cosy+ 2y sin yl
ox
By Milne - Thomson's me~od, cl>'(z) is expressed in terms of z by replacing x b
by 0. . Yt\ and au = e.. '."l(x2 -,2)(-siny)-2ycosy+2xsin y+2xycosyl
OJI
Hence cl>'(z) = -(z 3 + z + l) + i ~!,, Now
-;}1u • x 2 -y2 )~+2xysmy1-e
=, e-xl( . _"\2xcosy+2ysiny1
Integrating, cl> (z)= -( z: + :: + ~j+ iz + A "' • ~'\" 2 .
- e-x 12xcos y +2ysin y1+e-"\2cosy1
where A is a complex ;constant - -
EJ. 25. If f(z) = u -:+- i v is a~ analytic function of z. J!rul,.{_(z) !f : ,;\ .~
== e-"[(x2 - / ).cosy+2xysiny+2cosy-4xcosy-4ysiny1
2u+ v = e2x [(2x+ y)cos2y+(x-2y)sin2y) . .•.~\
1 '
e-"[(x2 -l)(-cosy)+(-sin y)(-2y)-2(cosy- J sin y)+2xcos ; +2.x(.cosy-ys1.n y)1
Sol. Let f(z)=u+iv S: and f/y2
(1 + ii) f(z) = (u+i v),(1 + 2i) = (u-2.v)+ i (2w +-V) -.ah
Letting (1 + 2i) /(z) = F(z), u - 2v = U and 2u + v = V, we obtain ·-,_,-~ == e-x[-(x2 -y2)cosy+4ysiny+4xcosy-2xysin;Y-2cosy1
a2 u a2 u
F(z)=U+iV -+ --0
V = 2u + v = e2x [(2x + y)cos2y + (x-2y) sin2y]
Clearly ax al -
2
-,~>
Hence u is a harmonic function.
av = e2x (2cos2y+ sin2y) + 2e2x [(2x + y)cos2y+(x-2y)sin2y] ' T.~
NoW we have to find the analytic function}lz).
ax {\ '·.. .
av . ,1 •., . ' Let j{z) == u+iv where u == e-" l(x2 -yl) cosy+ 2xy sin y1
- = e2 x [-2 (2x+ y)sin2y+cos2y+2(x-2y)cos2y-2sin2y] d \
cy I
au .av au .'ou' -. .
and f'(z) == - + 1 - = - - 1 - tusmgC-Requations1
:'l).
ax ax ax oy
Now F'(z) ·=au
- + iav
- = av
~. + 1. -av (Using- C- R equations) ' '
ax ax V.f 8X ' '
. -;..:;
== e-"T-(x2-y2) cosy - 2xy sin y + 2x cosy+ 2y sin y1
=e x [-2 (2x+ y)sin2y+ cos2y+ 2 (x-2y)cos2y-2sin2y} -i e-" (-(x2 -/) sin y + 2xy cos y- 12y,cosy + lx siny1
2
+i e2 x [2 ~os2y+ sin2y+ 2 (2x + y)cos 2y~ 2 (x-1y)ii: By Milne-Thomson's method,f'(z) is ex.pressed in terms of z.~Y rep\acingxby z. and y by 0.
By Milne - Thomson', method, we exP"'• F'(z) in tenns of z by pulling , • , air Hence f'(z) = e-•(-z2-+ 2z1-i e-z (0)
F'(z) == e2zo + 2z)+ i e2z(2°+4z) = ~
2
1
io~2 z) (1 +2i) =· e-z (-z2 + 2z)
Integrating w .r.t z, we get
I •.
- i.e. (1+2i)f'(z)=e2'(1+2z)(l+2i)
f{z) = tr -'(-z2 -2z)dz=z2 e-z ·+ c
or f'(z) = e2 z (1 + 2z)
where C is a complex constant.
Je''dz+2 fze''dz+c= ,,, +if,.'' _!,1,j+c =ze2z,+c
Integrating,
f(z)=
, .2 ._. l 2 )4 . . . _.,