Complex Variables Sample Questions

Books Legends:
SCH= Schaum's Outline of Complex Variables, 2ed (Schaum's Outline Series) – By Murray
Spiegel, Seymour Lipschutz, John Schiller, Dennis Spellman.
CHUR = Complex Variables and Applications – J. W. Brown and R. V. Churchill, 7ed, 8Ed
HKDAS = Engineering Mathematics – H. K. Das

Complex Number Systems and Roots

1. [SCH 2-4/Defs 1.3-1.8]
Explain complex number and its representation in cartesian and in polar form. Explain complex
conjugate and its modulus graphically. Give examples and show in graphs.
SCH 5/ 1.11
Euler’s Formula: ei = cos + i sin
De Moivre’s theorem: zn = {rcos + i rsin}n = rn (cosn + i sin n)

SCH 6/ 1.15
Stereographic Projection:

SCH 7/ 1.18
Point Sets:
Neighborhoods, Limit Points, Closed Sets, Bounded Sets, Interior, Exterior and Boundary Points,
Open Sets, Connected Sets, Open Regions or Domains, Closed Regions,
Regions: If to an open region or domain we add some, all or none of its limit points, we obtain a set
called a region. If all the limit points are added, the region is closed; if none are added, the region is
open.
Union and Intersection of Sets, Complement of a Set, Null Sets and Subsets, Countability of a Set.

2. [SCH 2ed 12/Ex1.7a-c, Chur 8ed 11/ (4), (5), 15/Exr15]

Prove the triangle inequality (a) |z1 + z2 |  |z1| + |z2 |, (c) |z1 – z2 |  | |z1| – |z2 | |
3. [CHUR 23/ Ex 7, 2ed P29-31]
What is an  neighborhood and deleted neighborhood? Explain with figure. Define (a) interior
point, (b) exterior point, and (c) boundary point of a set. Explain with figure.
Explain open set, closed set, bounded set, unbounded set, and connected set.
4. [CHUR 21/ Exr 3, SCH 18/ Ex 29-30, SCH2ed 23-24/Ex1.29-1.30]
In each case, find all of the roots in rectangular coordinates, exhibit them geometrically, and point
out which is the principal root.
(a) (2i)1/2 ; (b) (1 – 3i)1/2 ; (c) (-1)1/3 ; (d) (-16)1/4 ; (e) (8)1/6 ; (f) (-8 - 83i )1/4 ; (g) (-1 + i)1/3 ;
(h) (–23 – 2i)1/4 (i) square roots of –15 – 8i.
5. [CHUR 29, 8Ed30/ Exr 6]
- Dr. MA Alim
 Complex Variables Sample Questions
Find four roots of the equation z + 4 = 0 and use them to factorize z4 + 4 into quadratic factors
4

with real coefficients

or,

Find the four zeros of the polynomial z4 + 4. Then use those zeros to factor z2 + 4 into quadratic
factors with real coefficients.
one of them being z0 = √2 eiπ/4 = 1 + i.
[Ans. z0 = √2 eiπ/4 = 1 + i, other roots are : –1 + i , –1 – i , 1 – i ; Factor (z2 + 2z + 2)(z2 − 2z + 2). ]

6. [SCH 18/ Ex 28, 2ed 22/1.28]

Find all values of z for which z5 = –32 and locate these values in the complex plane.
7. [SCH 23-24/Ex1.29-1.30]
Ex1.29
Find each of the indicated roots and locate them graphically in the complex plane.
(a) (-1 + i)1/3 ; (b) (–23 – 2i)1/4
Ex1.30
Find the square roots of –15 – 8i.

Analytic Functions, Cauchy-Riemann equations and Harmonic conjugates

8. [CHUR 52/Ex2]
Show that the function f(z) = |z|2 is differentiable only at z = 0 and nowhere else.

9. [SCH 72/ Ex 5a, CHUR33]

Define analytic function and harmonic function. State and derive Cauchy-Riemann equations. What
is necessary and sufficient condition for a function f(z) to be analytic?

10. [Chur 8Ed81/Ex5, Exr1, SCH 2ed 106/3.50-3.53]

Show that u(x,y) is harmonic in some domain and find a harmonic conjugate v(x,y) when
(a) u(x,y) = y3 –3x2y , (b) u(x,y) = 2x(1 – y) , (c) u(x,y) = 2x – x3 + 3xy2 ,
(d) u = x2– y2 –2xy – 2x + 3y. Express f(z) = u + iv in terms of z.
u( x, y)  2 x3  6 xy 2  x 2  y 2 ,
Sch2Ed 106/Exr3.53a-d
Determine which of the following functions u are harmonic. For each harmonic function, find the
conjugate harmonic function v and express f(z) = u + iv as an analytic function of z.

(a) u( x, y)  3x y  2 x  y  2 y , (c) u  xe z cos y  ye z sin y (as in book) ,

2 2 3 2

Correct: ; Ans. ,
2 xy
(d) e sin( x2  y 2 ) .

=2=
 Complex Variables Sample Questions

u v u v
Hints. Cauchy-Riemann equations  , 
x y y x
u v u u
First method: f ( z )  i  i  u x ( x, y )  iu y ( x, y )
x x x y
Putting y = 0 then x = z we have f ( z )  ux ( z,0)  iu y ( z,0)

Second method: If we get u and v both then we can use f ( z)  u( z,0)  iv( z,0)
u 1 v v 1 u
Cauchy-Riemann equations in polar form:  , 
r r  r r 
Ex. u is given from f(z) = z3 find v.

11. [SCH 72/ Ex 5a]

State and Derive Cauchy-Riemann equations. What is sufficient condition for w = f(z) = u + iv to
be analytic in a region R .
12. [SCH 73/ Ex 6-7, 2ed 89/3.7-3.8]
(a) What is harmonic function? If f(z) = u + iv is analytic in a region R prove that u and v are
harmonic in R . If they have continuous second order partial derivatives in R.
(b) Show that u = e–x(x siny – y cosy) is harmonic. Find v such that f(z) = u + iv is analytic.
Express f(z) in terms of z. [Ans. v = e–x (y siny + x cosy) + c; f(z) = ize-z
13. [SCH 2ed 98 /Ex3.26 ]
z8  z 4  2
Locate and name all the singularities of f ( z )  and then write down where f(z)
( z  1)3 (3z  2) 2
is analytic.

Chur11/Exr5ab, 4/ z-1 zz-1 = 1, 15/ Argz, 17/ | z – z0 |, z1z2 , z1/z2, 33/ch2, 36/mappings, 39/3,
40/1-3, 42/Exr1-7, 43/
Sch41/2 67/defs , 71/Ex2-4 , 83/curves and contours

Complex Integration and Cauchy’s Integral Formula

14. [SCH 98/Ex1, 2ed 118/Ex4.1]
(2,4)
Evaluate 
(0,3)
(2 y  x 2 )dx  (3x  y)dy along: (a) the parabola x = 2t, y = t2 + 3; (b) straight lines
from (0,3) to (2,3) and then from (2,3) to (2,4); (c) a straight line from (0,3) to (2,4) .

15. [SCH 2ed 121/Ex4.5]

4.5. Verify Green’s theorem in the plane for

=3=
 Complex Variables Sample Questions
 (2 xy  x )dx  ( x  y )dy where C is the closed curve of the region bounded by y = x 2
2 2
integral
C
and y2 = x .

(Extra)
Evaluate the line integral 
C
(2 xy  x 2 )dx  ( x  y 2 )dy where C is the closed curve of the region

bounded by y = x and y2 = x .
2

16. [SCH 98/Ex2, 2ed 119/Ex4.2]

Evaluate 
C
zdz from z = 0 to z = 4+2i along the curve C given by (a) z = t2 + it ; (b) the line from

z = 0 to z = 2i and then from z = 2i to z = 4+2i .

(c) [Chur129/Ex1] the curve C is the right-hand half of the circle |z| = 2 from z = −2i to z = 2i

17. [SCH 2ed 120/Ex4.3] x

Prove that if f(z) is integrable along a curve C having finite length L and if there exists a positive

number M such that | f(z) |  M on C, then 

C
f ( z )dz  ML

18. [CHUR 7ed 133/Exr1]

dz 
Without evaluating integral show that 
C
z 1
2

3
, where C is the contour | z | = 2 in the first

quadrant.
Solution: We know | z2 -1 |  | z |2 + 1
and | z2 -1 |  | z |2 – 1 = 4–1 = 3
1 1 1 1
or,   M also L  (2 r )  (2 )(2)  
z 1
2
3 4 4

dz 1 
Hence, 
C
z 1
2
 M L= ( ) 
3 3
(proved)

19. [SCH 103/Ex11, 2ed 125/4.11]

State and prove Cauchy’s theorem ( or Cauchy-Goursat theorem).
Cauchy’s theorem: If a function f is analytic at all points interior to and on a simple closed
contour C, then 
f ( z )dz  0
C

20. [SCH 2ed 144 Ch5, 146/Ex5.1]

State and prove Cauchy’s Integral formula.
Cauchy’s Integral formula: Let f (z ) be analytic inside and on a simple closed curve C and let a
be any point inside C. Then

=4=
 Complex Variables Sample Questions
f ( z)

C
za
dz  2 i f (a) (1)

where C is traversed in the positive sense. Also, the nth derivative of f(z) at z = a a is given by
f ( z) 2 i ( n )

C
( z  a) n 1
dz 
n
f (a) ; n = 1, 2,3, … (2)

21. [SCH 122/Ex5, 2ed 149/Ex 5.5]

sin  z 2  cos  z 2 e2 z
Use Cauchy’s Integral formula to evaluate (a) 
C
( z  1)( z  2)
dz ; (b) 
C ( z  1) 4
dz

where C is the circle | z | = 3.

22. [CHUR 7ed 157/Ex]

Use Cauchy’s Integral formula to evaluate

where C is the positively oriented circle |z| = 2.

23. [CHUR 124/Exr 1, 7ed 162/Exr1a-e]

Let C denote the boundary of the square whose sides lie along the lines x = 2 and y = 2, where C
is described in the positive sense. Use Cauchy’s Integral formula to evaluate each of the following
integrals:
e z dz cos z zdz
(a) 
C z  ( i / 2)
; (b) 
C z ( z 2  8)
dz ; (c)  C 2z  1
;

tan( z / 2) cosh z
(d)  C ( z  x0 ) 2
dz , where –2< x0 < 2 ; (e) 
C z4
dz .

Ans. (a) 2 ; (b) i/4 ; (c) -i/2 ; (d) i sec2 (x0 /2) ; (e) 0 .

24. [Ref/ Lecs Note]

zdz
Use Cauchy’s Integral formula to evaluate C 2z  1
where C is the circle | z | = 2 described in
the positive sense.

25. [SCH 151/5.9]

Q. State and prove Liouville’s theorem.
Liouville’s theorem: Suppose that for all z in the entire complex plane, (i) f(z) is analytic and (ii) f
(z) is bounded, i.e., |f(z)| < M for some constant M. Then f (z) must be a constant.

=5=
 Complex Variables Sample Questions
26. [SCH 162/5.29]

Evaluate where C is the circle |z| = 4.

Solution: Poles of are z = ±i inside C and both are of order two.

Residue at z = i is … ; Residue at z = -i is … ; [ Ans. i/ ]

27. [SCH 163/Exr5.34, 5.39]

(i) Show that if t > 0 and C is the circle |z| = 3.

(ii) Evaluate when t > 0 and C is the circle |z| = 3.

28. [SCH 213/Ex7.6]

Evaluate around the circle C with equation |z| = 3.

[ Ans. ]

29. [SCH 166/5.88]

Suppose that when t > 0 and C is any simple closed curve enclosing z = – 1. Prove that

30. [SCH 166/5.89]

Find all functions f(z) that are analytic in |z| < 1 and that satisfy the conditions (a) f(0) = 1 and (b) |
f(z)  1 for all |z| < 1.

Laurent’s Series and Residue Theorem

31. [SCH 169, 173 Chap6 /Theorems, Ex6.7, 6.9]
Write down the Taylor’s theorem (series) and Laurent’s theorem.
Taylor’s theorem: Let f (z ) be analytic inside and on a simple closed curve C. Let a and a+h be
two points inside C. Then
h2 hn n
f (a  h)  f (a)  hf (a)  f (a)   f (a )  (1)
2 n
or writing z = a + h, h = z – a,
f (a) f n (a)
f ( z )  f (a)  f (a)( z  a)  ( z  a) 2   ( z  a) n  (2)
2 n
This is called Taylor’s theorem and the series (1) or (2) is called a Taylor series or expansion for
=6=
 Complex Variables Sample Questions
f ( a + h) or f (z ).
SCH 174-176/Ex6.9 - 6.11
6.11 Definition of Entire function
6.10 Classification of Singularities
6.9 Laurent’s theorem: Let C1 and C2 be concentric circles of radii R1 and R2 , respectively, and
center at a. Suppose that f (z ) is single-valued and analytic on C1 and C2 and, in the ring- shaped
region R [also called the annulus or annular region ] between C 1 and C2. Let a + h be any point in
R. Then we have
b1 b2 b3
f (a  h)  a0  a1h  a2 h 2      (1)
h h 2 h3
where
1 f ( z)
2 i C1 ( z  a)n1
an  dz ; n = 0, 1, 2,3, …

1 f ( z)
bn  
2 i C1 ( z  a)  n1
dz ; n = 1, 2,3, … (2)

C1 and C2 being traversed in the positive direction with respect to their interiors.

32. [Chur 231/Art69 ]

Residues
1
Residue: The complex number b1 which is the coefficient of in the Laurent’s series
za
expansion of f (z ), is called the residue of f (z ) at the isolated singular point z = a. We shall often
use the notation
Res f ( z )  b1 .
z a

=7=
 Complex Variables Sample Questions
33. [SCH 158/Ex27, 2ed 189/Ex6.27]
1
Expand f ( z )  in a Laurent’s series valid for (a) 1 < | z | <3, (b) | z | > 3,
( z  1)( z  3)
(c) 0 < | z + 1 | < 2, (d) | z | < 1 .

34. [SCH 188/Ex6.26a-d]

35. [SCH 197/Exr6.91-6.95]

Ex
36. [SCH 172, 2Ed 205-206, chap7/ 7.1-7.3 Definitions]
What is residue or residue of f(z) at z = a ? What is pole and simple pole of a function? How can
you calculate residue at a pole of f(z) ? Give an example.

Calculation of Residues

Method1: To obtain the residue of a function f (z) at z = a, expand f (z) in the Laurent series
1
about z = a and find the number b1 which is the coefficient of .
za
Method2:

37. [SCH 2ed 81/Art3.11]

Poles. If z0 is an isolated singularity and we can find a positive integer n such that
, then z = z0 is called a pole of order n. If n = 1, z0 is called a
simple pole.

Example
(a) f (z) = 1/(z - 2)3 has a pole of order 3 at z = 2.
(b) f (z) ) = (3z – 2)/(z – 1)2 (z + 1)(z – 4) has a 2 at z = 1, and simple poles at z = –1 and z = 4.

38. [Chur 8Ed 224/Art73 ]

Residue at poles

Theorem. An isolated singular point z0 of a function f is a pole of order m if and only if f (z) can
be written in the form

(1)
where (z) is analytic and nonzero at z0 . Moreover,

(2) Res f ( z )  ( z0 ) if m =1
z  z0

and

=8=
 Complex Variables Sample Questions
( m 1)
( z0 )
(3) Res f ( z )  if m ≥ 2
z  z0 (m  1)!

39. [SCH 173/Th, CHUR 235/Theorem]

Write down the residue theorem (or Cauchy's residue theorem).

Residue theorem1: Let C be a simple closed contour, described in the positive sense. If a
function f is analytic inside and on C except for a finite number of singular points zk
(k = 1, 2, ... , n) inside C, then
n

 f ( z )dz  2 i  Res f ( z ) . (1)

C z  zk
k 1

Residue theorem 2: If a function f is analytic everywhere in the finite plane except for a finite
number of singular points interior to a positively oriented simple closed contour C, then
1
 f ( z )dz  2 i Res  2 f  1z  . (2)
C z 0
z 

40. [SCH 178/Ex6, 2ed213/Ex7.4-7.6]

Find residues of the function (a) and

(b) at all its poles in the finite plane.

41. [SCH 213/Ex7.6]

1 e zt e zt
2 i C z 2 ( z 2  2 z  2) 
Evaluate (i) dz or (ii) dz
C
z 2 ( z 2  2 z  2)
around the circle C with equation | z | = 3.

Ans : (i) sum of residues =

(ii) 2i (sum of residues) =

42. [SCH 122/Ex5]

z3
Determine the poles of the function f ( z )  , find residue at each pole and hence
( z  1) 2 ( z  2)
z3
evaluate  dz , where C is the positively oriented circle | z | = 3.
C ( z  1) 2 ( z  2)

43. [Chur 224/Ex4, 8Ed 233/Ex3]

=9=
 Complex Variables Sample Questions
dz
Evaluate C z ( z  2) 4
where C is the circle | z – 2 | = 1 described in the positive sense.

1
Find residue of f ( z)  , (i) using Laurent series (ii) using limit , then calculate the
z ( z  2)4
integral.
1
Hints. (i) f ( z )  has a Laurent series representation that is valid in the punctured disk
z ( z  2)4
0<| z – 2 | <2. Let z – 2 = h then 0< h<2 , or <| h/2 | <1 and
1 1 h h 2 h3 h 4
f ( z)   (1      );
(2  h)h4 2h4 2 4 8 16
1 1
 b1   that is Res f ( z )  
16 z a 16
dz  1 i
Thus C z ( z  2) 4
 2 ib1  2 i     
 16  8
(Ans)

(ii) do it your selves

44. [Chur 8Ed 235, 239/Ex ]

Use residue theorem1 and residue theorem2 to evaluate
5z  2
 C z ( z  1)
dz where C is the circle | z | = 2 described in the positive sense.

[Ans. 2πi(2 + 3) = 10 πi]

Solution:
5z  2
f ( z)  has two isolated singularities at z = 0 and z = 1.
z ( z  1)
5(0)  2 5(1)  2
Res f ( z )   2 , and Res f ( z )  3 .
z 0 (0  1) z 1 1
5z  2 5z  2
[ Here for z = 0 ( z )  , (0)  2; ( z)  , (1)  3 ]
z 1 z
5z  2
  dz  2 i  Residues  2 i(2  3)  10 i (Ans).
C z ( z  1)
n

 f ( z )dz  2 i  Res f ( z ) . (1)

C z  zk
k 1

According to Residue theorem 2:

5z  2 1 1 1 5 2 5  2z
f ( z)  so, 2 f    2 1 z 1 
z ( z  1) z  z  z z ( z  1) z (1  z )

= 10 =
 Complex Variables Sample Questions
1  1  5  2(0)
 Res  2 f     5
z 0 z
  z  1 0

1
  f ( z )dz  2 i Res  2 f  1z 
C z 0
z 
5z  2
or, C z ( z  1)
dz  2 i(5)  10 i (Ans).

45. [Chur 7ed236, 8Ed245/Ex1-3 ]

1. The function is ; evaluate residues at each pole. Calculate where C is

the circle | z | = 4 described in the positive sense. [Res: (3 - i)/6 , (3+i)/6]

Ex2. ,

Ex3. ; we have logz = lnr + i. To find res at z = i , let

 

46. [ /Exr3 ]
z 1
Find the value of the integral 
C z2  2z
dz , where C the circle | z | = 3 described in the positive
sense.
[Ans. 2i (-1/2 + 3/2) = 2i ]
Solution:
z 1
Here f ( z )  . z = 0 , and z = 2 are simple poles, both are within C.
z ( z  2)
0 1 1 2 1 3
Res f ( z )    , and Res f ( z )   .
z 0 (0  2) 2 z 2 2 2
z 1 1 3
 dz  2 i  Residues  2 i(  )  2 i (Ans).
C z ( z  2) 2 2

47. [Chur 7ed 238, 8Ed 248/Exr3 ]

3z 3  2
Find the value of the integral C ( z  1)( z 2  9)
dz , taken counterclockwise

around the circle

(a) | z – 2 | = 2 ; (b) | z | = 4 described in the positive sense.
[Ans. (a) i ; (b) 6i ]
= 11 =
 Complex Variables Sample Questions
Solution:
(a) Here z = 1 , and z =  3i are simple poles, but only z = 1 lies within C.
3(1)3  2 5 1
Res f ( z )  2   .
z 1 1 9 10 2
1
C
f ( z )dz  2 i( )   i (Ans).
2

(b) The simple poles z = 1 , and z =  3i all are within C.

3(1)3  2 5 1
Res f ( z )  2  
z 1 1 9 10 2
3(3i)3  2 3(3i)3  2
Res f ( z )  , and Res f ( z )  .
z  3i (3i  1)(6i) z 3i (3i  1)(6i)
1 3(3i)3  2 3(3i)3  2 1 5
 Res      3
2 (3i  1)(6i) (3i  1)(6i) 2 2

C
f ( z )dz  2 i(3)  6 i (Ans).

Definite Integrals of the Type

48. [SCH 2ed214/Ex7.7-7.14]

49. [SCH 2ed218/Ex7.15-7.20]

Find residues

Evaluation of Integrals by Residue Theorem

[N. B: Q. Evaluate any one of the following two integrals using residues and contours.]
50. [SCH 179/Ex9, 2Ed214/Ex7.9, Chur 7Ed254/Ex]
 dx
Evaluate 0 x 1
6
; [Ans: /3]

51. [SCH 196/Exr49, 2Ed237/Ex7.49, CHUR190, 7Ed257/Exr3a]

 dx 
Show that 0

x 1 2 2
4

52. [SCH 184/Ex18, 2Ed221/Ex7.18]

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 Complex Variables Sample Questions
 sin x 
Show that 0 x
dx  .
2
53. [SCH 185/Ex20, 2Ed223/Ex7.20]
 x p 1 
Show that 0 1 x
dx 
sin p
, where 0 < p < 1.

54. [SCH 2Ed237/Exr7.51]

Workout the following integral using residues and contours:
2 sin 3
0 5  3cos
d

55. [SCH 2Ed217/Ex7.14]

2 d 5
Show that  0 (5  3sin  ) 2

32
Conformal Mapping and Bilinear Transformations
[SCH200-201/Def.]
If under the transformation u = u(x,y) and v = v(x,y), the point (x 0 , y0) of the xy plane is mapped
into the point (u0 , v0) of the uv plane while curves C1 and C2 [intersecting at point (x0 , y0)] are
mapped respectively into curves C1 and C2 [intersecting at point (u0,v0)]. Then if the
transformation is such that the angle at (x0 , y0) between C1 and C2 is equal to the angle at (u0,v0)
between C1 and C2 both in magnitude and sense, the transformation or mapping is said to be
conformal at (x0 , y0).

56. [Chur 8Ed 355 ]

Preservtion of Angles:

Because of this angle-preserving property, a transformation w = f (z) is said to be conformal at a

point z0 if f is analytic there and . Such a transformation is actually conformal at each
point in some neighborhood of z0. For it must be analytic in a neighborhood of z0; and since its
derivative is continuous in that neighborhood , Theorem 2 in Sec. 18 tells us that there is also a
neighborhood of z0 throughout which .

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 Complex Variables Sample Questions
A transformation w = f (z), defined on a domain D, is referred to as a conformal transformation, or
conformal mapping, when it is conformal at each point in D. That is, the mapping is conformal in D
if f is analytic in D and its derivative has no zeros there.

Each of the elementary functions studied in Chap. 3 can be used to define a transformation that is
conformal in some domain.

Theorem: If f(z) is analytic and in a region R, then the mapping w = f(z) is conformal at
all points of R .
Ex. The mapping w = ez is conformal throughout the entire z plane since for each
z.

 that is 
In z-plane
lines x = a , y = b transform to 

[SCH203/Def.]
z  
The transformation w  , where  –  0 is called bilinear or fractional transformation.
 z 
The transformation maps any three distinct points of the z plane into the three distinct points of the
w plan one of which may be at infinity.
( z4  z1 )( z2  z3 )
The cross ratio of the points z1 , z2 , z3, z4 is invariant under the bilinear
( z2  z1 )( z4  z3 )
transformation. This property can be used in obtaining specific bilinear transformations mapping
three points into three other points.
57. [SCH 216/Ex9]
Find a bilinear transformation which maps points z1 , z2 , z3 of the z plane into the points w1 , w2 ,
w3 of the w plane respectively.
58. [SCH 216/Ex10]
Find a bilinear transformation which maps points z = 0, –i, –1 into w = i, 1, 0 respectively.
59. [SCH 216/Ex11]
z  z0
If z0 is in the upper half of the z plane, show that the bilinear transformation w  ei0
z  z0
maps the upper half of the z plane into the interior of the unit circle in the w plane, that is | w |  1 .
60. [SCH 217/Ex12, 2Ed 263/Ex8.12]
Find a bilinear transformation which maps the upper half of the z plane into the unit circle in the w
plane in such a way that z = i mapped into w = 0 while the point at infinity mapped into w = –1.
61. [SCH 2Ed 256/Ex8.1 -8.2]
8.2. Determine the region of the w plane into which each of the following is mapped by the
transformation w = z2 (a) First quadrant of the z plane. (b) Region bounded by x = 1, y = 1, and
x + y = 1.

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