HUT – OISP

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CALCULUS 1 - SESSION 03
LIMIT (END). ASYMPTOTE.
CONTINUITY.

Instructor: PhD. Nguyen Quoc Lan (January, 2022)

Email: dhbktoannql@gmail.com
 CONTENTS
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1- ONE SIDED LIMIT.

2- LIMIT THAT DOES NOT EXIST.
3- SQUEEZING LIMIT
4- SPECIAL LIMIT: TRIGONOMETRIC, EXPONENTIAL …
5- L’HOSPITAL’S RULE.
6- ASYMPTOTE.
7- CONTINUITY (VIDEO)
 BKEL PRACTISE
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Find m > 0 that lim

( m 2
− 9.4 ) x 2 + 3x + 1
= 7.7
x→ mx − 5 x + 2
2

Round off your final result to thousand decimal place.

ONE – SIDED LIMIT: LHS: x → x0−  x → x0, x < x0; x → x0+
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x → x0− x0
lim f ( x) = f ( x0− ) : lim f ( x)
x → x0 − x → x0 & x  x0
x → x0 & x  x0
 lim f ( x)  f ( x0− ) = f ( x0+ ) Example: Find a  0 so  lim f ( x )
x→ x0 x →0

Exponential limit when x → 


f ( x) = 
(
 x + a2 − a x , x  0
)
ln (1 + ax ) ( 2 x ) , x  0
, x → 
a  1: a →  x

0 , x → −

Example: Evaluate
x −1 1 + 2x
a/ lim 2 b/ lim
x→1 x − 1 x→ 2 + 2 x
LIMIT DOES NOT EXIST WHEN x → x0
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 tn  : lim tn = x0 &  lim f (tn )

n → n →

 yn , z n  : yn , z n → x0 & lim f ( yn )  lim f ( z n )

n → n →


Example: Show there is no limit a / lim sin x b / lim sin
x → x →0 x
 SQUEEZING THEOREM
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 f ( x )  g ( x )  h( x )  x − x0  
 lim f ( x ) = lim h( x ) = a  lim g ( x) = a
 x→ x0 x → x0
x → x0

Consequence 0  f ( x )  h( x )  x − x0  
 lim h( x ) = 0  lim f ( x) = 0
 x→ x0 x → x0


Example: Find lim x sin
x →0 x
 SQUEEZING THEOREM
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Example: Find lim sin x + 1 − sin x 

x→+
 UNDETERMINATED TRIGONOMETRIC FORM
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sin x 1 − cos x 1 tan x sin u

lim =1 lim 2
= lim = 1 u → 0  lim u
x→0 x x →0 x 2 x→0 x x→ x0 u
sin 3x 1 − cos 5 x 1 − cos x cos 2 x
Example : a/ lim b/ lim c/ lim
x→0 sin 7 x x→0 1 − cos 3 x x→0 1 − cos x


Example : lim x  sin
x→ x
UNDETERMINED FORM: EXPONENTIAL, LOGARITHM
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e x −1 a x −1 ln (1 + x ) log a (1 + x ) 1
lim = 1 lim = ln a lim = 1 lim =
x →0 x x →0 x x→0 x x →0 x ln a

e −e 5x 2x
e 23 x
−1 ln ( cos x )
Example: Evaluate a/ lim b/ lim c/ lim
x →0 x x →0
sin 3 x ( 3
) x →0 ln (1 − 3 x 2 )
L’HOSPITAL’S RULE
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Limit of inderterminate forms 0/0, /

0  f ( x) f ' ( x) f "(x) f ( n ) ( x)
, : lim = lim = lim =  = lim ( n )
0  x→ x0 g ( x) x→ x0 g ' ( x) x→ x0 g " ( x ) x → x0 g ( x)

3x + 1 − 3 5 x + 3 e 2 x + 3 ln x
Example : Evaluate a/ lim b/ lim
x →1 x −1 x→+ x2 +1

Other undetermine: Transforme to f/g. uv: lim ln(uv) = ln lim

Example: Evaluate lim x x

x→0+
 COMBINE L’HOSPITAL WITH SPECIAL LIMITS
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sin x 1 − cos x 1 e x −1 ln (1 + x )
Special lim : lim = 1 lim 2
= lim = 1 lim =1
x→0 x x →0 x 2 x →0 x x→0 x

( e 2x
− 1) ( )
sin 3 x 2
 1 1 1
b/ lim  2 − 2  c/ lim  −
1 
a/ lim 
x→0 (1 − cos5 x ) ln (1 + 4 x ) 
x→0 sin x x  x→0 x
 ln ( )
1 + x
 ASYMPTOTE
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Vertical x = a: lim f ( x ) =   lim f ( x ) = . Ex: f ( x ) = ln x

x →a + x →a −

sin x
Horizontal y = b: lim f ( x ) = b  lim f ( x ) = b. Ex: f ( x ) =
x→+ x→− x
Example: Find vertical & horizontal asymptotes
4x2 + 1 2e x
of each curve a/ y = b/ y = x
3x − 5 e −7
 SLANT ASYMPTOTE
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Slant: lim
x →
 f ( x) − ax − b = 0  f ( x) = ax + b +  ( x ), x → 
f ( x)
Formula: a = lim ; b = lim f ( x) − ax
x → x x →

Find asymptotes:
x3
a/ f ( x ) = 2
x −4
x
1+
b/ y = 1 − x + e 3
STUDY THE CONTINUITY
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Elementary (one formula) function: Continuous  Defined

ln (2 − x )
Example : Find the continuous points of f ( x ) = x +1 +
x

Piecewise defined ( 2 formula) function: Use one – sided limit

Example : Find the value a for that t he function

ax + 5, x  1
f (x) =  2 be continuous at R
 x − 3 x + 4, x  1