‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟﺸﻬﻴﺪ ﺣﻤﻪ ﻟﺨﻀﺮ ‪ -‬اﻟﻮادي‬

‫ﻛﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻮم اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ واﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬

‫ﻗﺴﻢ اﻟﻌﻠﻮم اﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺷﻌﺒﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻮم اﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ‬

‫اﻹﻣﺎم أﺑﻮ داود ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎن ﺑﻦ ﻧﺠﺎح واﺧﺘﻴﺎراﺗﻪ ﻓﻲ‬

‫ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﻀﺒﻂ اﻟﻘﺮآﻧﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ أﺻﻮل اﻟﻀﺒﻂ‬
‫وﻛﻴﻔﻴﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻬﺔ اﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎر‪.‬‬
‫اﺑﺘﺪاء ﻣﻦ ﺿﺒﻂ اﻹدﻏﺎم اﻟﻨﺎﻗﺺ إﻟﻰ آﺧﺮ اﻟﻜﺘﺎب‪-‬‬
‫ً‬ ‫–‬

‫ﺗﺨﺮج ﺗﺪﺧﻞ ﺿﻤﻦ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻬﺎدة اﻟﻤﺎﺳﺘﺮ‬

‫ﻣﺬﻛﺮة ّ‬
‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﻠﻮم اﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ – ﺗﺨﺼﺺ‪ :‬اﻟﺘﻔﺴﻴﺮ وﻋﻠﻮم اﻟﻘﺮآن‪.‬‬

‫إﺷ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـﺮاف‪:‬‬ ‫إﻋﺪاد اﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﺔ‪:‬‬

‫د‪ :‬ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻜﺮﻳﻢ ﺑﻮﻏﺰاﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻠﻰ ﺷﺒﺮو‬
‫ﻟﺠﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺼﻔﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺎﻣﻌﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺗﺒﺔ‬ ‫اﻻﺳﻢ واﻟﻠﻘﺐ‬
‫رﺋﻴﺴﺎ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟﺸﻬﻴﺪ ﺣﻤﻪ ﻟﺨﻀﺮ‪ -‬اﻟﻮادي‬ ‫أﺳﺘﺎذ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﻋﺎﻟﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫أ‪.‬د‪ :‬ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻰ اﺣﻤﻴﺪاﺗـ ـ ـﻮ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺸﺮﻓﺎ وﻣﻘﺮرا‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟﺸﻬﻴﺪ ﺣﻤﻪ ﻟﺨﻀﺮ‪ -‬اﻟﻮادي‬ ‫أﺳﺘﺎذ ﻣﺤﺎﺿﺮ)أ(‪.‬‬ ‫د‪ :‬ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻜﺮﻳﻢ ﺑﻮﻏﺰاﻟﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﻋﻀﻮا‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟﺸﻬﻴﺪ ﺣﻤﻪ ﻟﺨﻀﺮ‪ -‬اﻟﻮادي‬ ‫أﺳﺘﺎذ ﻣﺤﺎﺿﺮ)أ(‪.‬‬ ‫د‪ :‬ﻛﻤ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـﺎل ﻗـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـﺪة‪.‬‬

‫‪1436‬ﻫ‪2015 -2014 /‬م‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻨﺔ اﻟﺠﺎﻣﻌﻴﺔ‪-1435 :‬‬

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 ‫‪‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﺮ ﻭﺗﻘﺪﻳــــــــــــــــﺮ‬

‫أﺷﻜﺮ اﷲ أوﻻ وآﺧﺮا ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ أوﻻﱐ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻈﻴﻢ ﻧﻌﻤﻪ‪ ٬‬وأﲪﺪﻩ ﲪﺪاً ﻳﻠﻴﻖ ﲜﻼل وﺟﻬﻪ وﻋﻈﻴﻢ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻲ‪ ٬‬وﻫﻴﺄ ﱄ ﺳﺒﻞ اﻟﺘﻮﻓﻴﻖ ﻹﲤﺎم ﻫﺬا اﳌﻮﺿﻮع‪ ٬‬ﻓﻠﻪ اﳊﻤﺪ ﰲ اﻷوﱃ واﻵﺧﺮة‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﻠﻄﺎﻧﻪ أن َﻣ ﱠﻦ ﱠ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻲ؛ ﻓﺈﻧﲏ أﺗﻘﺪم ﺑﻮاﻓﺮ اﻟﺸﻜﺮ واﻟﻌﺮﻓﺎن واﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﺮ إﱃ ﻓﻀﻴﻠﺔ‬
‫واﻋﱰاﻓﺎً ﻣﲏ ﻷﻫﻞ اﻟﻔﻀﻞ ﺑﻔﻀﻠﻬﻢ ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﻌﻠﻲ‬
‫اﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮر ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻜﺮﱘ ﺑﻮﻏﺰاﻟﺔ ﻟﻘﺒﻮﻟﻪ اﻹﺷﺮاف ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﻩ اﳌﺬﻛﺮة ﺑﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﺸﺎﻏﻠﻪ اﻟﻜﺜﲑة‪ ٬‬أﺳﺄل اﷲ ﱢ‬
‫اﻟﻘﺪﻳﺮ أن ﳚﻌﻞ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺪﻣﻪ ﻟﻠﻄﻠﺒﺔ ﰲ ﻣﻮازﻳﻦ ﺣﺴﻨﺎﺗﻪ‪ ٬‬وأن ﻳﻜﺘﺐ ﻟﻪ أﺟﺰل اﻷﺟﺮ واﻟﺜﻮاب‪.‬‬
‫وأﻗﺪم ﺷﻜﺮي وﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮي إﱃ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺳﺎﻋﺪﱐ ﰲ إﳒﺎز ﻫﺬا اﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺑﺈﻋﺎرة ﻛﺘﺎب‪ ٬‬أو ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻪ رأي‬
‫أو ﺑﻨﺼﺢ وإرﺷﺎد‪ ٬‬ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻋﺎﺋﻠﺔ اﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮر ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻮرﻛﺎب‪ ٬‬وأﺧﺺ ﺑﺎﻟﺬﻛﺮ زوﺟﻪ اﻟﻜﺮﱘ ﻓﻀﻴﻠﺔ اﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮرة‬
‫اﻟﻌﻠﻲ اﻟﻜﺮﱘ أن ﳚﺰل ﳍﻢ اﻷﺟﺮ واﳌﺜﻮﺑﺔ‪ ٬‬وﳍﻢ ﻣﲏ ﺧﺎﻟﺺ اﻟﺪﻋﺎء‪.‬‬
‫ﳝﻴﻨﺔ ﺑﻮﺳﻌﺎدي‪ ٬‬ﺳﺎﺋﻠﺔً اﳌﻮﱃ ﱢ‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ أﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻜﺮ واﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﺮ إﱃ ﲨﻴﻊ اﻷﺳﺎﺗﺬة ﰲ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟﻮادي ﺷﻌﺒﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻮم اﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ‪ ٬‬وأﺧﺺ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺬﻛﺮ أﺳﺎﺗﺬﰐ اﶈﱰﻣﲔ اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺗﻠﻘﻴﺖ ﻋﻨﻬﻢ اﻟﻜﺜﲑ‪ ٬‬ﻓﺄﺳﺄل اﷲ اﻟﻌﻈﻴﻢ أن ﳝ ﱠﻦ ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ وﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺎﻓﻴﺔ‬
‫واﻟﺴﱰ‪ ٬‬وﺣﺴﻦ اﳋﺘﺎم‪.‬‬
‫وأﺧﲑاً ﻓﺈن ﻫﺬا اﻟﺒﺤﺚ ُﺟﻬﺪ ﻣﻘﻞ‪ ٬‬ﻓﻤﺎ ﻛﺎن ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺻﻮاب ﻓﻤﻦ ﻓﻀﻞ اﷲ وﺗﻮﻓﻴﻘﻪ‪ ٬‬وﻣﺎ ﻛﺎن ﻓﻴﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺧﻄﺄ ﻓﻤﻦ ﻧﻔﺴﻲ‪ ٬‬وﻣﻦ اﻟﺸﻴﻄﺎن‪ ٬‬وأﺳﺄل اﷲ اﳌﻐﻔﺮة‪ ٬‬وﺣﺴﱯ أﱐ ﺑﺬﻟﺖ ﺟﻬﺪي‪ ٬‬ﻛﻤﺎ أﺳﺄﻟﻪ‬
‫ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ وﺗﻌﺎﱃ أن ﳚﻨﺒﻨﺎ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ اﻟﻀﻼل‪ ٬‬وأن ﻳﺜﺒﺘﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺼﺮاط اﳌﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ‪ ٬‬إﻧﻪ ﺧﲑ ٍ‬
‫ﻫﺎد وأﻛﺮم‬
‫ﻣﺴﺆول‪ ٬‬واﻟﺼﻼة واﻟﺴﻼم ﻋﻠﻰ رﺳﻮﻟﻪ ﳏﻤﺪ وآﻟﻪ وﺻﺤﺒﻪ‪ ٬‬وآﺧﺮ دﻋﻮاﻧﺎ أن اﳊﻤﺪ ﷲ رب اﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴـﻦ‪.‬‬

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 Abstract in Arabic and English ‫ﻣﻠﺨﺺ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻐﺘﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬

: ‫ﻣﻠﺨ ـﺺ اﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬
‫ وﻛ ـ ــﺎن اﻟﻨ ـ ــﺎس ﻻ‬٬‫ﻛﺎﻧ ـ ــﺖ اﳌﺼ ـ ــﺎﺣﻒ اﻟﻌﺜﻤﺎﻧﻴ ـ ــﺔ ﰲ ﺑﺪاﻳ ـ ــﺔ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺘﻬ ـ ــﺎ ﻏ ـ ـﲑ ﻣﻨﻘﻮﻃ ـ ــﺔ وﻻ ﻣﺸ ـ ــﻜﻮﻟﺔ‬
‫ واﻟﺘﻔﺮﻳ ـ ـ ــﻖ ﺑ ـ ـ ــﲔ ﻛﻠﻤﺎ ـ ـ ــﺎ وإن ﺗﺸ ـ ـ ــﺎ ﺖ اﳊ ـ ـ ــﺮوف ﺑﺴ ـ ـ ــﺒﺐ ﻓﻄ ـ ـ ــﺮ ﻢ‬٬‫ﳚ ـ ـ ــﺪون ﻣﺸ ـ ـ ــﻘﺔ ﰲ ﻗﺮاء ـ ـ ــﺎ‬
‫ ﺑ ـ ــﺪأ اﻟﻠﺤ ـ ــﻦ‬٬‫ ﻓﻠﻤ ـ ــﺎ اﺗﺴ ـ ــﻌﺖ ﺑ ـ ــﻼد اﳌﺴ ـ ــﻠﻤﲔ وﻛﺜ ـ ــﺮ اﻷﻋ ـ ــﺎﺟﻢ اﻟ ـ ــﺪاﺧﻠﻮن ﰲ اﻹﺳ ـ ــﻼم‬٬‫اﻟﺴ ـ ــﻠﻴﻤﺔ‬
‫ ﻓﻘـ ـ ـﻴﱠﺾ اﷲ ﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑ ـ ــﻪ‬٬‫ وﻇﻬ ـ ــﺮ ذﻟ ـ ــﻚ ﰲ ﻗـ ـ ـﺮاءة ﺑﻌﻀ ـ ــﻬﻢ ﻟﻠﻘ ـ ــﺮآن اﻟﻜ ـ ــﺮﱘ‬٬‫ﻳﺘﻄ ـ ــﺮق إﱃ أﻟﺴ ـ ــﻨﺔ اﻟﻨ ـ ــﺎس‬
‫ ﻟﺘﺴ ـ ـ ــﺎﻋﺪ ﻋﻠ ـ ـ ــﻰ اﻟﻘ ـ ـ ـﺮاءة اﻟﺼ ـ ـ ــﺤﻴﺤﺔ‬٬‫أﺋﻤ ـ ـ ــﺔ ﻣ ـ ـ ــﻦ ﻓﺤ ـ ـ ــﻮل اﻟﻌﻠﻤ ـ ـ ــﺎء اﻋﺘﻨ ـ ـ ـﻮا ﺑﺒﻴ ـ ـ ــﺎن ﺿ ـ ـ ــﺒﻂ ﻛﻠﻤﺎﺗ ـ ـ ــﻪ‬
‫ ﻣﻨﻬ ـ ـ ــﺎ ﻛﺘ ـ ـ ــﺎب أﺻ ـ ـ ــﻮل اﻟﻀ ـ ـ ــﺒﻂ ﻷﰊ داود اﻟ ـ ـ ــﺬي ﻳُﻌـ ـ ـ ـ ّﺪ‬٬‫ ﻓ ـ ـ ــﺄﻟﻔﻮا ﻓﻴ ـ ـ ــﻪ اﳌﺆﻟﻔ ـ ـ ــﺎت‬٬‫ﻟﻠﻘ ـ ـ ــﺮآن اﻟﻜ ـ ـ ــﺮﱘ‬
.‫اﻟﻌﻤﺪة ﰲ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻔﻦ‬
‫ إﺑ ـ ـ ـﺮاز اﺧﺘﻴـ ـ ــﺎرات اﻹﻣـ ـ ــﺎم ﰲ‬:‫وﻗـ ـ ــﺪ ﺣـ ـ ــﺎول اﻟﺒﺤـ ـ ــﺚ اﻹﺟﺎﺑـ ـ ــﺔ ﻋﻠـ ـ ــﻰ ﻋـ ـ ــﺪة إﺷـ ـ ــﻜﺎﻻت ﻣﻨﻬـ ـ ــﺎ‬
.‫ وﺗُـ ﱢﻮج ﰲ ﺧﺘﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﺒﻌﺾ اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ واﻟﺘﻮﺻﻴـﺎت‬٬‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ وﻋﻠﻠﻬﺎ‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬

Research Summary :

The Ottoman Koran at the beginning of write is semicolon nor

Mhkolh, people had to find trouble to read, and to differentiate
between her words and that were similar letters because of sound
Aftrthm, when Muslim countries has widened and many Persians
entrants in Islam, the melody began to touch on the tongues of the
people, and appeared in Reading Some of the Koran, God Fiqid to
book the imams of scientists looked after donating a statement tuning
his words, to help correct reading of the Koran, which Volfoa
literature, including a book settings for my father David, who is the
mayor in this art assets. .
The research tried to answer several problematic ones: highlighting
the Imam choices in his book and its ills, and crowned with some
results in its conclusion recommendations.
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 ‫ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ اﻟﺮﻣﻮز واﻹﺷﺎرات‬

‫ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ اﻟﺮﻣﻮز واﻹﺷﺎرات‬

:

‫رﻣ ـ ـ ـﺰﻩ‬ ‫اﻻﺳـ ـ ـ ـﻢ‬

‫ﻫـ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺦ اﳍﺠﺮي‬
‫م‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺦ اﳌﻴﻼدي‬
‫ط‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺒﻌﺔ‬
‫ط‬.‫د‬ ‫دون ذﻛﺮ اﻟﻄﺒﻌﺔ‬
‫ ن‬.‫ت‬.‫د‬ ‫دون ذﻛﺮ ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ اﻟﻨﺸﺮ‬
‫ن‬.‫م‬.‫د‬ ‫دون ذﻛﺮ ﻣﻜﺎن اﻟﻨﺸﺮ‬
‫ص‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ‬

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 pdfMachine
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nearly all Windows platforms, simply open the document you want to convert, click “print”, select the
“Broadgun pdfMachine printer” and that’s it! Get yours now!
 ‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ــﺔ‬

‫اﳊﻤﺪ ﷲ اﻟﺬي أﻧﺰل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺒﺪﻩ اﻟﻜﺘﺎب ﻗﻴﻤﺎً ﻟﻴﻜﻮن ﻟﻠﻌﺎﳌﲔ ﺑﺸﲑاً وﻧﺬﻳﺮاً‪ ٬‬واﻟﺼﻼة واﻟﺴﻼم‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﳌﺒﻌﻮث رﲪﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﺎﳌﲔ‪ ٬‬وﻋﻠﻰ آﻟﻪ وﺻﺤﺒﻪ اﻟﻐُﺮ اﳌﻴﺎﻣﲔ اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻧﻘﻠﻮا إﻟﻴﻨﺎ اﻟﻘﺮآن ﻏﻀﺎ ﻃﺮﻳﺎ ﻛﻤﺎ‬
‫أﻧﺰل‪ ٬‬وﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ اﻗﺘﻔﻰ أﺛﺮﻫﻢ إﱃ ﻳﻮم اﻟﺪﻳﻦ‪ ٬‬أﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ‪:‬‬
‫ﻓﺈن ﺷﺮف اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺪر ﺷﺮف اﳌﻌﻠﻮم‪ ٬‬وإن أﺣﻖ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻤﻪ اﳌﺘﻌﻠﻤﻮن‪ ٬‬وأﺷﺮف ﻣﺎ ﻳﺸﺘﻐﻞ ﺑﻪ‬
‫اﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﻮن‪ ٬‬وأﻓﻀﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﺴﺎﺑﻖ إﻟﻴﻪ اﳌﺘﺴﺎﺑﻘﻮن‪ ٬‬ﻣﺪارﺳﺔ ﻛﺘﺎب اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪ ٬‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﺧﲑ ﻣﺎ ﺻﺮﻓﺖ إﻟﻴﻪ‬
‫اﳍﻤﻢ‪ ٬‬وأﻋﻈﻢ ﻣﺎ ﻓﻨﻴﺖ ﻓﻴﻪ اﻷﻋﻤﺎر‪ ٬‬أﻧﺰﻟﻪ اﷲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﺒﻴﻪ ﳏﻤﺪ ‪ ‬ﺑﺄﺣﺴﻦ ٍ‬
‫ﺑﻴﺎن‪ ٬‬وأﲨﻞ ﻋﺒﺎرةٍ‪ ٬‬وأﺑﻠﻎ‬
‫وﻫﺪاﻳﺔ‪ ٬‬ﺣﻴﺚ أﻣﺮ ﺑﺘﺪﺑﺮﻩ واﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﲟﻘﺘﻀﻰ أﺣﻜﺎﻣﻪ وﺷﺮﻳﻌﺘﻪ‪ ٬‬واﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎر ﺑﻘﺼﺼﻪ وأﺧﺒﺎرﻩ‪٬‬‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ٍ‬
‫دﻻﻟﺔ‬
‫واﻟﺘﻔﻜﺮ ﰲ آﻳﺎﺗﻪ وﻣﻌﺎﻧﻴﻪ‪ ٬‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻛﺘﺎب ﻫﺬﻩ اﻷﻣﺔ اﳌﺒﺎرﻛﺔ ﰲ ﻣﺎﺿﻴﻬﺎ وﺣﺎﺿﺮﻫﺎ وﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﻬﺎ‪ ٬‬وﻫﻮ اﻟﺴﺒﻴﻞ‬
‫ﭐﱡﭐ‪   ‬‬ ‫إﱃ ﻋﺰﻫﺎ وﻧﺼﺮﻫﺎ وﲰﻮﻫﺎ‪ ٬‬ﺗﻜﻔﻞ اﷲ ﻋﺰ وﺟﻞ ﲝﻔﻈﻪ‪ ٬‬إذ ﻳﻘﻮل ﰲ ﳏﻜﻢ ﺗﻨﺰﻳﻠﻪ‪:‬‬
‫ﱠ]اﳊﺠﺮ‪ ٬[9:‬ﻓﻜﺎن اﻟﻘﺮآن ﻳﻨﺰل ﻋﻠﻰ اﳌﺼﻄﻔﻰ ‪ ‬ﻓﻴﺤﻔﻈﻪ وﻳﻌﻴﻪ‪ ٬‬ﰒ‬ ‫‪   ‬‬

‫ﻳﺒﻠﻐﻪ ﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺘﻪ اﻟﻜﺮام ﻓﻴﺤﻔﻈﻮﻧﻪ‪ ٬‬وﻳﺒﻠﻐﻮﻧﻪ ﻟﻐﲑﻫﻢ ﳎﻮداً ﻣﺮﺗﻼً‪ ٬‬وﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻷﻣﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺑﺴﺠﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻗﻮﻳﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺬاﻛﺮة ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﰲ ﺣﻔﻆ اﻟﻘﺮآن ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﰲ اﻟﺼﺪور‪ ٬‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﳌﺼﺎﺣﻒ اﻟﻌﺜﻤﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺧﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ‬
‫اﻟﻨﻘﻂ واﻟﺸﻜﻞ اﻋﺘﻤﺎداً ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺴﻠﻴﻘﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ اﻟﺴﻠﻴﻤﺔ اﻟﱵ ﻻ ﲢﺘﺎج إﱃ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺑﺎﳊﺮﻛﺎت وﻻ إﱃ‬
‫اﻟﻨﻘﻂ‪ ٬‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺗﻄﺮق إﱃ اﻟﻠﺴﺎن اﻟﻌﺮﰊ اﻟﻔﺴﺎد ﺑﻜﺜﺮة اﻻﺧﺘﻼط ﺑﺎﻷﻋﺎﺟﻢ‪ ٬‬وﻗﻊ اﻟﻠﺤﻦ ﰲ ﻗﺮاءة اﻟﻘﺮآن‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ‪ ٬‬ﻓﺨﺎف اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء ﻣﻦ اﻧﺘﺸﺎر اﻟﻠﺤﻦ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺮور اﻷﻳﺎم‪ ٬‬ﻓﻴﺆدي ذﻟﻚ إﱃ ﲢﺮﻳﻒ وﺗﻐﻴﲑ ﰲ‬
‫ﺿ ُﺤﻮا ﻏﻮاﻣﻀﻪ‪ ٬‬وﻛﺸﻔﻮا أﺳﺮارﻩ‪ ٬‬ﺣﱴ ﺟﻌﻠﻮا ﻫﺬا‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺺ اﻟﻘﺮآﱐ‪ ٬‬ﻓﺄﺣﺪﺛﻮا اﻟﻨﻘﻂ وﺿﺒﻂ اﳌﺼﺎﺣﻒ‪ ٬‬وو ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻇﺎﻫﺮا ﺑﻴﱢﻨﺎ ﻟﻠﻨﺎس‪ ٬‬وأﻟﻔﻮا ﻓﻴﻪ اﻟﻜﺘﺐ واﳌﺼﻨﻔﺎت‪ ٬‬وﻣﻦ ﻫﺆﻻء اﳉﻬﺎﺑﺬة اﻷﺟﻼء اﻹﻣﺎم أﺑﻮ داود‬
‫ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎن ﺑﻦ ﳒﺎح اﻟﺬي أﻟﻒ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺎ ﰲ ﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﻀﺒﻂ ﲰﺎﻩ أﺻﻮل اﻟﻀﺒﻂ وﻛﻴﻔﻴﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻬﺔ اﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎر‪٬‬‬
‫وﻣﻦ أﺟﻞ ﻣﺎ ﳍﺬا اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻣﻦ أﳘﻴﺔ‪ ٬‬وﻣﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﺆﻟﻒ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﺔ ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺔ‪ ٬‬ﻓﻘﺪ وﻗﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ اﺧﺘﻴﺎري ﻟﻴﻜﻮن ﳎﺎل‬
‫دراﺳﱵ وﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﻲ ﰲ رﺳﺎﻟﺔ اﳌﺎﺳﱰ‪ ٬‬ووﲰﺘﻪ ﺑـ)اﻹﻣﺎم أﺑﻮ داود ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎن ﺑﻦ ﳒﺎح واﺧﺘﻴﺎراﺗﻪ ﰲ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ‬
‫اﻟﻀﺒﻂ اﻟﻘﺮآﱐ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ أﺻﻮل اﻟﻀﺒﻂ اﺑﺘﺪاءً ﻣﻦ ﺿﺒﻂ اﻹدﻏﺎم اﻟﻨﺎﻗﺺ إﱃ آﺧﺮ اﻟﻜﺘﺎب(‪.‬‬
‫أﻫﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮع‪:‬‬
‫ﺗﻜﻤﻦ أﳘﻴﺔ اﳌﻮﺿﻮع ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﻋﺪة أﻣﻮر أﳘﻬﺎ وأﺑﺮزﻫﺎ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﺷﺮف ﻫﺬا اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻟﻜﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻘﺎً ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮآن اﻟﻜﺮﱘ‪ ٬‬ﺣﻴﺚ أﻧﻪ ﻳﺘﻨﺎول ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺿﺒﻂ اﳌﺼﺤﻒ‬
‫اﻟﺸﺮﻳﻒ‪ ٬‬اﻷﻣﺮ اﻟﺬي أرﺟﻮا ﻓﻴﻪ اﻟﻘﺒﻮل‪.‬‬
‫‪pdfMachine‬‬
‫ﺏ‬
‫!‪A pdf writer that produces quality PDF files with ease‬‬
‫‪Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original documents. Compatible across‬‬
‫‪nearly all Windows platforms, simply open the document you want to convert, click “print”, select the‬‬
‫!‪“Broadgun pdfMachine printer” and that’s it! Get yours now‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ــﺔ‬

‫‪ -2‬أ ﱠن ﻛﺘﺎب أﺻﻮل اﻟﻀﺒﻂ ﻳُﻌ ّﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﺘﺐ اﻷﻣﻬﺎت ﰲ ﺑﺎﺑﻪ‪ ٬‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﺟﺎء ﺑﻮﺻﻒ دﻗﻴﻖ وﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﻧﻘﻂ اﳌﺼﺎﺣﻒ‪ ٬‬وإﻋﺮا ﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻘﻂ واﻟﺸﻜﻞ‪ ٬‬وﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ اﳌﺎدة اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ اﳌﻮدﻋﺔ ﰲ‬
‫اﻟﻜﺘﺎب‪.‬‬
‫‪ -3‬ﻷن أﻏﻠﺐ اﳌﺼﺎﺣﻒ ﺟﺮت ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﻋﻤﻠﻪ أﺑﻮ داود‪ ٬‬واﺧﺘﺎرﻩ ﰲ اﻟﻀﺒﻂ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -4‬اﳌﻜﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﳌﺆﻟﱢﻒ اﻟﻜﺘﺎب‪ ٬‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﻦ ُﺟﻠﺔ اﳌﻘﺮﺋﲔ‪ ٬‬وﻋﻠﻤﺎﺋﻬﻢ‪ ٬‬وﻓﻀﻼﺋﻬﻢ‪ ٬‬ﻋﺎﱂ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮاءات‬
‫ورواﻳﺎ ﺎ وﻃﺮﻗﻬﺎ‪ ٬‬وﺣﺴﻦ اﻟﻀﺒﻂ ﳍﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -5‬رﺑﻂ اﻹﻣﺎم اﺑﻦ ﳒﺎح اﻟﻀﺒﻂ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮاءة؛ ﲝﻴﺚ اﺷﺘﻤﻞ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺮاءة اﻹﻣﺎم ﻧﺎﻓﻊ‪ ٬‬وﻣﻦ واﻓﻘﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺳﺎﺋﺮ اﻟﻘﺮاء‪.‬‬

‫‪ -6‬أ ﱠن اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺟﺎؤوا ﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ اﺳﺘﻔﺎدوا ﻣﻨﻪ‪ ٬‬ﻛﺎﻹﻣﺎم اﳋﺮاز ﰲ ﻧﻈﻤﻪ‪ ٬‬وﻣﻮﱃ اﻟﻔﺨﺎر ﰲ اﻟﺪرة اﳉﻠﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -7‬ﺗﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﻣﻠﻜﺔ اﻻﺳﺘﻨﺒﺎط‪ ٬‬وﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ أﺳﺒﺎب اﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎر‪ ٬‬وﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﺰم ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ اﻃﻼع ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻜﺘﺐ اﻟﱵ‬
‫اﻋﺘﻤﺪﻫﺎ اﻹﻣﺎم ﰲ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫دواﻓﻊ اﺧﺘﻴﺎر اﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮع‪:‬‬
‫إن ﻣﻦ أﺳﺒﺎب اﺧﺘﻴﺎر ﻫﺬا اﳌﻮﺿﻮع‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬اﺳﺘﺨﺮت اﷲ ﻋﺰ وﺟﻞ ﺑﻌﺪ اﺳﺘﺸﺎرة اﻷﺳﺘﺎذ اﻟﻔﺎﺿﻞ اﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮر ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻜﺮﱘ ﺑﻮﻏﺰاﻟﺔ‪ ٬‬ﻓﺄرﺷﺪﱐ ﺑﻘﻴﻤﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻜﺘﺎب وأﳘﻴﺘﻪ‪ ٬‬وﻣﻨﺰﻟﺔ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪ‪ ٬‬ﻓﺸﺮح اﷲ ﺻﺪري ﻷﻟﻘﻲ اﻟﻀﻮء ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﻩ اﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ اﻟﻔﺬة‪ ٬‬وأﺑﲔ‬
‫ﺟﻬﻮدﻩ وآﺛﺎرﻩ اﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﰲ اﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎر‪ ٬‬واﺳﺘﺨﻼص اﻟﻘﻮاﻋﺪ اﻟﱵ ﺑﲎ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ اﺧﺘﻴﺎرﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل اﻟﻜﺘﺎب‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﻣﻜﺎﻧﺔ ﻛﺘﺎب أﺻﻮل اﻟﻀﺒﻂ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‪ ٬‬وذﻟﻚ ﻟﻜﻮﻧﻪ ﻳﺼﻮر ﻟﻨﺎ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﻨﺎس ﰲ زﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﰲ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺿﺒﻂ‬
‫اﳌﺼﺎﺣﻒ‪ ٬‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻳﺮﻳﻨﺎ ﺗﻄﻮر ﻫﺬا اﳌﻮﺿﻮع ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -3‬اﻟﺮﻏﺒﺔ اﻟﻜﺒﲑة ﰲ اﻹﺳﻬﺎم ﰲ ﺧﺪﻣﺔ ﻛﺘﺎب اﷲ ﻋﺰ وﺟﻞ‪ ٬‬ووﻓﺎءً ﻷﻫﻞ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﲔ ﺑﺈﺑﺮاز‬
‫ﺟﻬﻮدﻫﻢ اﻟﻄﻴﺒﺔ‪ ٬‬وأﻋﻤﺎﳍﻢ اﳌﺒﺎرﻛﺔ ﰲ اﻟﻌﻠﻮم‪.‬‬
‫‪ -4‬اﻟﺮﻏﺒﺔ ﰲ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻋﻠﻞ اﺧﺘﻴﺎرات اﻹﻣﺎم‪.‬‬

‫‪pdfMachine‬‬
‫ﺕ‬
‫!‪A pdf writer that produces quality PDF files with ease‬‬
‫‪Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original documents. Compatible across‬‬
‫‪nearly all Windows platforms, simply open the document you want to convert, click “print”, select the‬‬
‫!‪“Broadgun pdfMachine printer” and that’s it! Get yours now‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ــﺔ‬

‫إﺷﻜﺎﻟﻴﺎت اﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮع‪:‬‬
‫دﻓﻌﻨﺎ ﻫﺬا اﳌﻮﺿﻮع ﻟﻄﺮح اﻟﺘﺴﺎؤل اﻵﰐ‪:‬‬
‫*ﻫﻞ ﻟﻺﻣﺎم اﺑﻦ ﳒﺎح اﺧﺘﻴﺎرات ﰲ ﺿﺒﻂ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ اﻟﻘﺮآﻧﻴﺔ ؟ وﻫﻞ ﻟﺘﻠﻚ اﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎرات ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻬﺎت ﻟﺴﺒﺐ‬
‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎرﻩ ؟‬
‫وﻫﺬا اﻟﺘﺴﺎؤل اﻟﻌﺎم دﻓﻌﻨﺎ ﻟﻌﺪة أﺳﺌﻠﺔ أﺧﺮى ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺔ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪:‬‬
‫‪ .1‬ﻣﺎ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﺔ أﰊ داود ﺑﲔ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء اﶈﻘﻘﲔ ؟‬
‫‪ .2‬ﻫﻞ اﻹﻣﺎم أﰊ داود ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ ﰲ اﺧﺘﻴﺎراﺗﻪ ﻟﺒﻌﺾ اﳌﺴﺎﺋﻞ‪ ٬‬أو ﻫﻮ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﻣﻘﻠﺪ ﳌﻦ ﺳﺒﻘﻪ ﻣﻦ أﻫﻞ‬
‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‪ ٬‬دون اﺟﺘﻬﺎد ﰲ اﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ؟‬
‫‪ .3‬ﻣﺎ اﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﰲ اﺧﺘﻴﺎرات اﻹﻣﺎم أﰊ داود ؟‬
‫‪ .4‬ﻣﺎ اﻷﺛﺮ اﻟﺬي ﺗﺮﻛﻪ أﺑﻮ داود ﻓﻴﻤﻦ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ ؟‬
‫أﻫﺪاف اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻳﺘﻤﺜﻞ اﳍﺪف اﳌﺮﺟﻮ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻨﺎول ﻫﺬا اﳌﻮﺿﻮع ﻋﺪة ﻧﻘﺎط ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬اﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺑﺎﻹﻣﺎم أﰊ داود‪ ٬‬وﺑﻜﺘﺎﺑﻪ أﺻﻮل اﻟﻀﺒﻂ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬إﺑﺮاز ﺟﻬﻮد اﻹﻣﺎم ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل اﺧﺘﻴﺎراﺗﻪ ﰲ ﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﻀﺒﻂ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ اﳌﺸﺘﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺮاءة‬
‫ﻧﺎﻓﻊ وﻣﻦ واﻓﻘﻪ‪ ٬‬ﻟﺘﻜﻮن ﰲ ﻣﺘﻨﺎول اﻟﺪارﺳﲔ‪ ٬‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﲤﺜﻞ اﺟﺘﻬﺎدات واﺳﺘﻨﺒﺎﻃﺎت ﻋﺎﱂ ﻟﻪ ﻗﺪم‬
‫راﺳﺨﺔ ﰲ ﻋﻠﻮم ﺷﱴ ﻣﻦ أﺑﺮزﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻢ ﻫﺠﺎء اﳌﺼﺎﺣﻒ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -3‬ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻛﺘﺎب أﺻﻮل اﻟﻀﺒﻂ‪ ٬‬وﻛﻴﻒ أﺛﱠﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -4‬أﺛﺮ اﺧﺘﻴﺎرات أﰊ داود ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺼﺎﺣﻔﻨﺎ اﻟﻴﻮم‪.‬‬
‫‪ -5‬اﻟﺘﺪﻟﻴﻞ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ أن اﺑﻦ ﳒﺎح ﻛﺎن ﻣﻦ اﳌﱰﻓﻌﲔ ﻋﻦ رﺗﺒﺔ اﻹﺗﺒﺎع واﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪ إﱃ رﺗﺒﺔ اﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎر‬
‫واﻻﺟﺘﻬﺎد‪.‬‬

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‫!‪A pdf writer that produces quality PDF files with ease‬‬
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‫‪nearly all Windows platforms, simply open the document you want to convert, click “print”, select the‬‬
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‫اﻟﺪراﺳﺎت اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺒﺤﺚ واﻻﻃﻼع ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺘﺐ ﺣﻮل اﳌﻮﺿﻮع ﰲ اﳌﻮاﻗﻊ اﻻﻟﻜﱰوﻧﻴﺔ ﱂ أﻋﺜﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ رﺳﺎﻟﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﺗﻨﺎوﻟﺖ ﻫﺬا اﳌﻮﺿﻮع رﻏﻢ أﳘﻴﺘﻪ‪ ٬‬ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎء ﻣﺎ ﻛﺘﺒﻪ اﻷﺳﺘﺎذ اﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮر ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻜﺮﱘ ﺑﻮﻏﺰاﻟﺔ ﰲ ﲝﺚ‬
‫ﺑﻌﻨﻮان‪) :‬اﻹﻣﺎم أﺑﻮ داود ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎن ﺑﻦ ﳒﺎح واﺧﺘﻴﺎراﺗﻪ ﰲ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﻀﺒﻂ اﻟﻘﺮآﱐ‪ ٬‬ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ‬
‫أﺻﻮل اﻟﻀﺒﻂ ﻣﻦ أول اﻟﻜﺘﺎب إﱃ أﺣﻜﺎم ﺿﺒﻂ اﻟﻨﻮن اﻟﺴﺎﻛﻨﺔ(‪ ٬‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻗﺎم ﺑﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ اﻹﻣﺎم أﰊ داود‪٬‬‬
‫وﺑﻜﺘﺎﺑﻪ‪ ٬‬ﰒ ﺗﻄﺮق ﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﻀﺒﻂ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻹﻣﺎم‪ ٬‬ﻓﻘ ﱠﺴﻢ اﻟﺒﺤﺚ إﱃ ﻣﻄﻠﺒﲔ‪ ٬‬اﳌﻄﻠﺐ اﻷول ﲢﺪث‬
‫ﻓﻴﻪ ﻋﻦ اﺧﺘﻴﺎر اﻹﻣﺎم ﰲ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﻀﺒﻂ ﻣﻦ أول اﻟﻜﺘﺎب إﱃ ﺿﺒﻂ اﳍﻤﺰة اﳌﻨﻮﻧﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻷﻟﻒ‪ ٬‬واﻟﱵ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ أﻟﻒ‪ ٬‬واﳌﻄﻠﺐ اﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﲢﺪث ﻓﻴﻪ ﻋﻦ اﺧﺘﻴﺎرﻩ ﰲ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺿﺒﻂ ﻣﺎ ﻻ ﻳﺸﺒﻊ ﻣﻦ اﳊﺮﻛﺎت‪٬‬‬
‫ﻓﻴﺨﺘﻠﺲ أو ﳜﻔﻰ أو ﻳﺸﻢ‪ ٬‬إﱃ ﺿﺒﻂ اﻟﻨﻮن اﻟﺴﺎﻛﻨﺔ إذا ﺟﺎء ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ اﻟﺒﺎء‪ ٬‬وﺳﺄﻛﻤﻞ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﲝﻮل‬
‫اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻣﻮاﺻﻠﺔ ﳌﺸﺮوع اﳌﻮﺿﻮع‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻨﻬﺠﻴﺔ اﻟﺒﺤﺚ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ‬اﳌﻨﻬﺞ اﳌﺘﺒﻊ ﻟﻠﺪراﺳﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻟﻘﺪ اﺗﺒﻌﺖ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ اﳌﻨﺎﻫﺞ اﻵﺗﻴﺔ‪ ٬‬وذﻟﻚ وﻓﻖ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻄﻠﺒﻪ ﻛﻞ ﻓﺼﻞ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬اﻋﺘﻤﺪت ﰲ اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻷول ﻋﻠﻰ اﳌﻨﻬﺞ اﻟﻮﺻﻔﻲ ﻟﺒﻴﺎن اﻟﻌﺼﺮ اﻟﺬي ﻋﺎش ﻓﻴﻪ اﳌﺆﻟﻒ‪ ٬‬ﻣﻊ اﻟﱰﲨﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻪ وﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬أﻣﺎ اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻓﺎﻋﺘﻤﺪت ﻓﻴﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ اﳌﻨﻬﺞ اﻻﺳﺘﻘﺮاﺋﻲ اﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ‪ ٬‬واﻟﺬي ﻳﺘﻤﺜﻞ ﰲ اﻟﻘﻴﺎم ﺑﺘﺘﺒﻊ‬
‫ﲨﻴﻊ ﺛﻨﺎﻳﺎ اﻟﻜﺘﺎب واﺳﺘﻘﺮاء ﲨﻴﻊ اﺧﺘﻴﺎرات اﻹﻣﺎم ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ٬‬واﺳﺘﻨﺒﺎط ﻋﻠﻞ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎرات‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻋﻤﻠﻲ ﰲ اﻟﺒﺤﺚ‪:‬‬
‫أﻣﺎ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻋﻤﻠﻲ ﰲ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻓﻘﺪ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻛﺎﻵﰐ‪:‬‬
‫‪ .1‬ﻋﺰو اﻵﻳﺎت اﻟﻘﺮآﻧﻴﺔ إﱃ ﺳﻮرﻫﺎ‪ ٬‬وذﻟﻚ ﺑﺬﻛﺮ اﻟﺴﻮرة ورﻗﻢ اﻵﻳﺔ ﰲ اﳌﱳ‪ ٬‬ﺑﺎﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎد ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫اﳌﺼﺤﻒ اﳌﺜﻤﻦ ﺑﺮواﻳﺔ ورش ﻋﻦ ﻧﺎﻓﻊ‪.‬‬

‫‪pdfMachine‬‬
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‫!‪A pdf writer that produces quality PDF files with ease‬‬
‫‪Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original documents. Compatible across‬‬
‫‪nearly all Windows platforms, simply open the document you want to convert, click “print”, select the‬‬
‫!‪“Broadgun pdfMachine printer” and that’s it! Get yours now‬‬
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‫‪ .2‬ذﻛﺮ اﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت اﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺘﺎب ﻋﻨﺪ أول اﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﻟﻪ‪ ٬‬وذﻟﻚ ﺑﺬﻛﺮ اﳌﺆﻟﻒ ﰒ اﳌﺆﻟﱢﻒ‪ ٬‬ﰒ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ‪ ٬‬ﰒ دار اﻟﻨﺸﺮ‪ ٬‬وﻣﻜﺎن اﻟﻨﺸﺮ‪ ٬‬ﰒ اﻟﻄﺒﻌﺔ‪ ٬‬وﺗﺎرﻳﺦ اﻟﻨﺸﺮ‪ ٬‬ﰒ أذﻛﺮ رﻗﻢ اﳉﺰء إن وﺟﺪ‪ ٬‬ﰒ‬
‫اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .3‬إذا ذﻛﺮت اﻟﻜﺘﺎب ﰒ أﻋﺪت ذﻛﺮﻩ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة‪ ٬‬أﺷﲑ إﻟﻴﻪ ﺑﺎﳌﺮﺟﻊ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‪ ٬‬وﰲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺑﻴﻨﻪ وﺑﲔ‬
‫إﻋﺎدة ذﻛﺮﻩ ﺑﻜﺘﺎب آﺧﺮ‪ ٬‬ﻓﺈﱐ أذﻛﺮ اﺳﻢ اﻟﻜﺘﺎب وﻣﺆﻟﱢﻔﻪ‪ ٬‬ﰒ أذﻛﺮ ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .4‬ذﻛﺮ اﻷﻗﻮال ﻣﻨﺴﻮﺑﺔ إﱃ ﻗﺎﺋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ ٬‬ﻣﻊ اﳊﺮص ﻋﻠﻰ أﺧﺬ اﻷﻗﻮال ﻣﻦ ﻣﺼﺎدرﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .5‬ﺗﺮﲨﺔ اﻷﻋﻼم اﻟﻮارد ذﻛﺮﻫﻢ ﰲ اﻟﺒﺤﺚ‪ ٬‬ﻣﻊ اﳊﺮص ﻋﻠﻰ اﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎر‪ ٬‬وﻋﻠﻰ أﺧﺬ ﺗﺮﲨﺘﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ‬
‫اﻟﻜﺘﺐ اﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪة‪.‬‬
‫‪ .6‬ﺗﺮﲨﺔ اﻷﻣﺎﻛﻦ واﻟﺒﻠﺪان ﻏﲑ اﳌﻌﺮوﻓﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .7‬ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻞ اﻟﺬي ﺟﺮت ﻋﻠﻴﻪ اﳌﺼﺎﺣﻒ ﻓﺈﱐ أﻋﺘﻤﺪ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﲢﻘﻴﻖ أﲪﺪ ﺷﺮﺷﺎل ﻟﻜﺘﺎب‬
‫أﺻﻮل اﻟﻀﺒﻂ‪ ٬‬ﻷﻧﻪ ﰲ أﻏﻠﺐ اﻷﺣﻮال ﻳﺬﻛﺮ ذﻟﻚ‪ ٬‬وﰲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ أﺧﺬﻩ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺘﺎب آﺧﺮ ﻓﺴﺄﺑﻴﻨﻪ ﰲ‬
‫اﳍﺎﻣﺶ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .8‬إذا ﱠﺑﲔ اﻹﻣﺎم ﺿﺒﻂ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﻗﺮآﻧﻴﺔ ﰒ ذﻛﺮ ﻛﻠﻤﺎت أﺧﺮى ﺗُﻀﺒﻂ ﻣﺜﻠﻬﺎ‪ ٬‬ﻓﺴﺄﺑﲔ ذﻟﻚ ﰲ اﳍﺎﻣﺶ‬
‫ﻻﺟﺘﻨﺎب اﻟﺘﻜﺮار‪.‬‬
‫‪ .9‬اﻛﺘﻔﻴﺖ ﺑﺬﻛﺮ ﺛﻼث أﻋﻼم ﻓﻘﻂ ﻣﻦ ﺷﻴﻮخ وﺗﻼﻣﻴﺬ اﻹﻣﺎم اﺑﻦ ﳒﺎح وذﻟﻚ ﻟﻜﺜﺮ ﻢ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .10‬ﺗﺬﻳﻴﻞ اﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﲟﻼﺣﻖ وﻓﻬﺎرس ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﻗﺼﺪ اﻟﺘﺴﻬﻴﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻘﺎرئ‪:‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﻓﻬﺮس اﻵﻳﺎت اﻟﻘﺮآﻧﻴﺔ )ﻣﺮﺗﺒﺔ ﲝﺴﺐ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ اﻟﺴﻮر ﰲ اﳌﺼﺤﻒ(‪.‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﻓﻬﺮس اﻵﺛﺎر )ﻣﺮﺗﺒﺔ ﺣﺴﺐ ورودﻫﺎ ﰲ اﻟﺒﺤﺚ(‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻓﻬﺮس اﻷﻋﻼم )ﻣﺮﺗﺒﺔ ﺣﺴﺐ ورودﻫﺎ ﰲ اﻟﺒﺤﺚ(‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻓﻬﺮس اﻷﻣﺎﻛﻦ واﻟﺒﻠﺪان )ﻣﺮﺗﺒﺔ ﺣﺴﺐ ورودﻫﺎ ﰲ اﻟﺒﺤﺚ(‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻓﻬﺮس اﳌﺼﺎدر واﳌﺮاﺟﻊ )ﻣﺮﺗﺒﺔ أﲜﺪﻳﺎ(‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻓﻬﺮس اﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎت‪.‬‬

‫‪pdfMachine‬‬
‫ﺡ‬
‫!‪A pdf writer that produces quality PDF files with ease‬‬
‫‪Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original documents. Compatible across‬‬
‫‪nearly all Windows platforms, simply open the document you want to convert, click “print”, select the‬‬
‫!‪“Broadgun pdfMachine printer” and that’s it! Get yours now‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ــﺔ‬

‫ﺧﻄﺔ اﻟﺒﺤﺚ‪:‬‬
‫ﺑﻨﺎءً ﻋﻠﻰ اﻹﺷﻜﺎﻟﻴﺔ اﳌﻄﺮوﺣﺔ‪ ٬‬واﻷﻫﺪاف اﳌﺮﺟﻮ ﲢﻘﻴﻘﻬﺎ ﺳﻠﻜﺖ ﰲ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺧﻄﺔ ﺗﻜﻮﻧﺖ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ وﻓﺼﻠﲔ وﺧﺎﲤﺔ‪ ٬‬ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ إﱃ ﻓﻬﺎرس ﻋﺎﻣﺔ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﻘﺪﻣﺔ‪ :‬ﺗﻨﺎوﻟﺖ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ اﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﳏﻞ اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ وأﳘﻴﺘﻪ واﻟﺪواﻓﻊ واﻹﺷﻜﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪ ٬‬ﰒ ﻋﺮﺟﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ذﻛﺮ اﻷﻫﺪاف واﻟﺪراﺳﺎت اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‪ ٬‬ﰒ ﺑﻴﻨﺖ اﳌﻨﻬﺞ اﳌﺘﺒﻊ‪ ٬‬ﰒ ﻋﺮﺿﺖ اﳋﻄﺔ‪ ٬‬وﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ذﻛﺮت ﺻﻌﻮﺑﺎت‬
‫اﻟﺒﺤﺚ‪.‬‬
‫أﻣﺎ اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻷول‪ :‬ﻓﺠﻌﻠﺘﻪ ﻛﻤﺪﺧﻞ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺿﻮع‪ ٬‬وﻗﺴﻤﺘﻪ إﱃ أرﺑﻌﺔ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ‪ ٬‬ﻓﺎﳌﺒﺤﺚ اﻷول ﺧﺼﺼﺘﻪ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻀﺒﻂ اﳌﺼﺤﻔﻲ‪ ٬‬وﻗﺴﻤﺘﻪ إﱃ ﻣﻄﻠﺒﲔ‪ ٬‬واﳌﺒﺤﺚ اﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﺗﻜﻠﻤﺖ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻋﻦ اﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎر وﻗﺴﻤﺘﻪ إﱃ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ‪ ٬‬وﻫﺬا اﻟﺘﻘﺴﻴﻢ اﻗﺘﻀﺘﻪ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺔ اﻟﺒﺤﺚ‪ ٬‬وﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﳜﺺ اﳌﺒﺤﺚ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺗﻨﺎوﻟﺖ ﻓﻴﻪ اﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻹﻣﺎم أﰊ داود‪ ٬‬وﻗﺴﻤﺘﻪ إﱃ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ‪ ٬‬واﳌﺒﺤﺚ اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ ﺗﻌﺮﺿﺖ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺑﻜﺘﺎب أﺻﻮل‬
‫اﻟﻀﺒﻂ‪ ٬‬وﻗﺪ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻪ إﱃ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ‪.‬‬
‫واﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬ﺧﺼﺼﺘﻪ ﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎرات اﻹﻣﺎم ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ‪ ٬‬وﻗﺴﻤﺘﻪ إﱃ ﲬﺴﺔ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ‪ ٬‬ﺗﻨﺎوﻟﺖ ﰲ‬
‫اﳌﺒﺤﺚ اﻷول ﺿﺒﻂ اﻹدﻏﺎم اﻟﻨﺎﻗﺺ واﳌﺪ اﶈﺬوف رﲰﺎ‪ ٬‬واﳌﺒﺤﺚ اﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﺗﻨﺎوﻟﺖ ﻓﻴﻪ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت اﻟﱵ‬
‫اﺟﺘﻤﻊ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ أﻟﻔﺎن ورﺳﻢ ﺑﻮاﺣﺪة‪ ٬‬واﳌﺒﺤﺚ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ذﻛﺮت ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﺎ اﺟﺘﻤﻌﺖ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻳﺎءان ورﺳﻢ ﺑﻮاﺣﺪة‪٬‬‬
‫وأﻣﺎ اﳌﺒﺤﺚ اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ ﻓﺎﺷﺘﻤﻞ ﻣﺎ اﺟﺘﻤﻊ ﻓﻴﻪ واوان ورﺳﻢ ﺑﻮاﺣﺪة‪ ٬‬واﳌﺒﺤﺚ اﳋﺎﻣﺲ ﺗﻨﺎوﻟﺖ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺿﺒﻂ ﻣﺎ زﻳﺪ ﰲ ﻫﺠﺎﺋﻪ‪ ٬‬وﻣﺎ ﻳﻮﺿﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ اﳊﺮف اﻟﺰاﺋﺪ واﳌﺨﻔﻒ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺨﺎﺗﻤﺔ‪ :‬واﻟﱵ ﺗﻀﻤﻨﺖ أﻫﻢ اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ اﳌﺘﻮﺻﻞ إﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﻴﺎت‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﻬﺎرس اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‪ :‬واﻟﱵ اﺷﺘﻤﻠﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻬﺎرس ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ) اﻵﻳﺎت‪ ٬‬اﻵﺛﺎر‪ ٬‬اﻷﻋﻼم‪ ٬‬اﻷﻣﺎﻛﻦ واﻟﺒﻠﺪان‪٬‬‬
‫اﳌﺼﺎدر واﳌﺮاﺟﻊ‪ ٬‬اﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎت(‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺼﻌﻮﺑﺎت‪:‬‬
‫واﺟﻬﺘﲏ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﺼﻌﻮﺑﺎت ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪:‬‬
‫أن اﻹﻣﺎم أﺑﻮ داود ﻻ ﻳﺒﲔ ﺳﺒﺐ اﺧﺘﻴﺎرﻩ ﰲ ﺿﺒﻂ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ اﻟﻘﺮآﻧﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺑﻌﺾ اﳌﻮاﺿﻊ‪ ٬‬ﺑﻞ ﳛﻴﻠﻚ‬
‫إﱃ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ اﻟﻜﺒﲑ‪ ٬‬وﻫﺬا اﻟﻜﺘﺎب ﱂ ﻳﻨﺸﺮ وﱂ ﻳﺘﺪاول ﺑﲔ اﻟﻨﺎس ﻟﻜﱪ ﺣﺠﻤﻪ‪ ٬‬ﻛﻤﺎ ذﻛﺮ ذﻟﻚ ﳏﻘﻖ‬
‫ﻛﺘﺎب ﳐﺘﺼﺮ اﻟﺘﺒﻴﲔ ﰲ اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﻣﻨﻪ‪.‬‬

‫‪pdfMachine‬‬
‫ﺥ‬
‫!‪A pdf writer that produces quality PDF files with ease‬‬
‫‪Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original documents. Compatible across‬‬
‫‪nearly all Windows platforms, simply open the document you want to convert, click “print”, select the‬‬
‫!‪“Broadgun pdfMachine printer” and that’s it! Get yours now‬‬
 .‫ ﻣﺪﺧ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـﻞ‬:‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻷول‬
: ‫وﻳﺸﻤﻞ أرﺑﻌﺔ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ‬

.‫ اﻟﻀﺒ ـﻂ اﻟﻤﺼﺤﻔ ـﻲ‬:‫اﻟﻤﺒﺤـ ـ ـﺚ اﻷول‬

.‫ وﺻﻴﻐﻪ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻹﻣﺎم‬٬‫ أﺳﺴﻪ‬٬‫ اﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎر‬:‫اﻟﻤﺒﺤ ـ ـﺚ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬

.‫ اﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳـ ـ ـﻒ ﺑﺎﻹﻣﺎم أﺑ ـﻲ داود‬:‫اﻟﻤﺒﺤـ ـﺚ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬

.‫ اﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺑﻜﺘﺎب أﺻﻮل اﻟﻀﺒﻂ‬:‫اﻟﻤﺒﺤـ ـﺚ اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ‬

pdfMachine
A pdf writer that produces quality PDF files with ease!
Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original documents. Compatible across
nearly all Windows platforms, simply open the document you want to convert, click “print”, select the
“Broadgun pdfMachine printer” and that’s it! Get yours now!
 ‫اﻟﻤﺒﺤﺚ اﻷول‬

‫اﻟﻀﺒﻂ اﻟﻤﺼﺤﻔﻲ‬

:‫وﻳﺸﺘﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻄﻠﺒﲔ‬

.‫ أﻧﻮاﻋ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـﻪ‬٬‫ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻔﻪ‬:‫ اﻟﻀﺒﻂ‬:‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـﺐ اﻷول‬

.‫ ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ اﻟﻀﺒﻂ وﺣﻜﻤـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـﻪ‬:‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـﺐ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬

pdfMachine
A pdf writer that produces quality PDF files with ease!
Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original documents. Compatible across
nearly all Windows platforms, simply open the document you want to convert, click “print”, select the
“Broadgun pdfMachine printer” and that’s it! Get yours now!
‫ﻣﺪﺧـ ـ ـﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼـ ـ ــﻞ اﻷول‪:‬‬

‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﺐ اﻷول‪ :‬اﻟﻀﺒﻂ‪ :‬ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻔﻪ‪ ٬‬أﻧﻮاﻋﻪ‪:‬‬

‫وﻳﺸﻤﻞ‪ :‬اﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺑﺎﻟﻀﺒﻂ ﻣﻊ ذﻛﺮ أﻧﻮاﻋﻪ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﺮع اﻷول‪ :‬ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ اﻟﻀﺒﻂ‪.‬‬
‫وذﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ اﻟﻀﺒﻂ ﻟﻐﺔً واﺻﻄﻼﺣﺎً‪.‬‬
‫أوﻻ‪ :‬اﻟﻀﺒﻂ ﻟﻐﺔً‪:‬‬
‫ﺿﺒﻂ اﻟﺸﻲء؛ َﻟﺰﻣﻪ ﻟﺰوﻣﺎ ﺷﺪﻳﺪا‪ ٬‬وﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻟﺰوم اﻟﺸﻲء أو ﺣﺒﺴﻪ‪ ٬‬وﻫﻮ أﻳﻀﺎ ﺑﻠﻮغ اﻟﻐﺎﻳﺔ ﰲ‬
‫ﻧﻘﻮل‪َ :‬‬
‫إﺣﻜﺎم ﺣﻔﻆ اﻟﺸﻲء‪ ٬‬ﻳﻘﺎل‪ :‬ﺿﺒﻂ اﻟﻜﺘﺎب إذا أﺣﻜﻢ ﺣﻔﻈﻪ ﲟﺎ ﻳﺰﻳﻞ ﻋﻨﻪ اﻹﺷﻜﺎل‪ ٬‬وﺿﺒﻂ اﻟﺸﻲء؛‬
‫ﺣﻔﻈﻪ ﺑﺎﳊﺰم‪ ٬‬واﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺿﺎﺑﻂ؛ أي ﺣﺎزم)‪.(1‬‬
‫اﺻﻄﻼﺣﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ً‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎ‪ :‬اﻟﻀﺒﻂ‬
‫اﻟﻀﺒــﻂ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ ﻋﻼﻣﺎت ﳐﺼﻮﺻﺔ ﺗﻠﺤﻖ اﳊﺮف ﻟﻠﺪﻻﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ ﳐﺼﻮﺻﺔ‪ ٬‬أو ﺳﻜﻮن‬
‫أو ﻣﺪ أو ﺗﻨﻮﻳﻦ أو ﺷﺪ أو ﳓﻮ ذﻟﻚ)‪.(2‬‬
‫أو ﻫـﻮ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻳﺮﺟﻊ إﱃ ﺑﻴﺎن ﻋﻼﻣﺔ اﳊﺮﻛﺔ‪ ٬‬واﻟﺴﻜﻮن‪ ٬‬واﻟﺸﺪ‪ ٬‬واﳌﺪ‪ ٬‬واﻟﺴﺎﻗﻂ‪ ٬‬واﻟﺰاﺋﺪ )‪.(3‬‬
‫ووﺟﻪ اﳌﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﺑﲔ اﳌﻌﲎ اﻟﻠﻐﻮي واﻻﺻﻄﻼﺣﻲ‪ :‬أن اﻟﻀﺒﻂ ﻣﺮاﻋﻰ ﻓﻴﻪ إﺗﻘﺎن اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‪ ٬‬ﻓﲑﺗﻔﻊ اﻟﻠﺒﺲ‬
‫ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‪ ٬‬واﻟﻀﺒﻂ ﻣﺼﺪر ﲰﻴﺖ ﺑﻪ اﻷﺷﻜﺎل اﶈﺪﺛﺔ)‪.(4‬‬
‫وﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﻀﺒﻂ ﻣﺘﻤﺜﻞ ﰲ اﻟﻌﻼﻣﺎت اﻟﺪاﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﻌﻮارض‪ ٬‬ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ‪ :‬وﺿﻌﻬﺎ‬
‫وﺗﺮﻛﻬﺎ‪ ٬‬وﻛﻴﻔﻴﺘﻬﺎ‪ ٬‬وﳏﻠﻬﺎ‪ ٬‬وﻟﻮ ﺎ‪ ٬‬وﻏﲑ ذﻟﻚ)‪.(5‬‬

‫)‪ (1‬ﻳﻨﻈﺮ‪ :‬أﺳﺎس اﻟﺒﻼﻏﺔ‪ ٬‬ﳏﻤﻮد ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ أﲪﺪ اﻟﺰﳐﺸﺮي‪ ٬‬ﲢﻘﻴﻖ‪ :‬ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﺎﺳﻞ ﻋﻴﻮن اﻟﺴﻮد‪ ٬‬دار اﻟﻜﺘﺐ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‪ ٬‬ﺑﲑوت‪٬‬‬
‫ﻟﺒﻨﺎن‪ ٬‬ط‪1419 ٬1‬ه‪1998/‬م‪ ٬‬ﻣﺎدة‪) :‬ض ب ط(‪ ٬573/1 ٬‬وﻟﺴﺎن اﻟﻌﺮب‪ ٬‬اﺑﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر‪ ٬‬دار اﳌﻌﺎرف‪ ٬‬اﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮة‪ ٬‬ط‪٬1‬‬
‫)د‪.‬ت‪.‬ن(‪ ٬‬ﻣﺎدة‪) :‬ض ب ط(‪.340/7 ٬‬‬
‫)‪ (2‬ﲰﲑ اﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ ﰲ رﺳﻢ وﺿﺒﻂ اﻟﻜﺘﺎب اﳌﺒﲔ‪ ٬‬ﻋﻠﻲ ﳏﻤﺪ اﻟﻀﺒﺎع‪ ٬‬ﻗﺮأﻩ وﻧﻘﺤ ـ ـ ـ ـ ــﻪ وأذن ﺑﺘﺪرﻳﺴﻪ‪ :‬ﳏﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺧﻠﻒ اﳊﺴﻴﲏ‪٬‬‬
‫ﻣﻄﺒﻌﺔ اﳌﺸﻬﺪ اﳊﺴﻴﲏ‪) ٬‬د‪.‬م‪.‬ن(‪ ٬‬ط ‪) ٬1‬د‪.‬ت‪.‬ن(‪ ٬‬ص‪.154‬‬
‫)‪ (3‬اﻟﻄﺮاز ﰲ ﺷﺮح ﺿﺒﻂ اﳋﺮاز‪ ٬‬ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲ اﻟﺘﻨﺴﻲ‪ ٬‬دراﺳﺔ وﲢﻘﻴﻖ‪ :‬أﲪﺪ ﺷﺮﺷﺎل‪ ٬‬ﳎﻤﻊ اﳌﻠﻚ ﻓﻬﺪ ﻟﻄﺒﺎﻋﺔ اﳌﺼﺤﻒ‬
‫اﻟﺸﺮﻳﻒ‪ ٬‬اﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ اﳌﻨﻮرة‪ ٬‬ط‪ ٬1‬ﺳﻨﺔ‪1420 :‬ه‪2000/‬م‪ ٬‬ص‪.37‬‬
‫)‪ (4‬اﳌﺮﺟﻊ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (5‬ﲰﲑ اﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ ﰲ رﺳﻢ وﺿﺒﻂ اﻟﻜﺘﺎب اﳌﺒﲔ‪ ٬‬ﻋﻠﻲ ﳏﻤﺪ اﻟﻀﺒﺎع‪ ٬‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪ ٬‬ص‪.163‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
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‫‪nearly all Windows platforms, simply open the document you want to convert, click “print”, select the‬‬
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 ‫ﻣﺪﺧـ ـ ـﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼـ ـ ــﻞ اﻷول‪:‬‬

‫اﻟﻔﺮع اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬أﻧﻮاﻋ ـ ــﻪ‪:‬‬

‫ﻫﻨﺎك ﻧﻮﻋﺎن ﻣﻦ اﻟﻀﺒﻂ ﰲ اﳌﺼﺤﻒ اﻟﺸﺮﻳﻒ ﳘﺎ‪ :‬اﻟﻀﺒﻂ اﻹﻋﺮاﰊ‪ ٬‬واﻟﻀﺒﻂ اﻹﻋﺠﺎﻣﻲ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﻨﻮع اﻷول‪ :‬اﻟﻀﺒﻂ اﻹﻋﺮاﺑﻲ‪:‬‬
‫وﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺪل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻌﺮض ﻟﻠﺤﺮف ﻣﻦ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ أو ﺳﻜﻮن أو ﺷﺪ أو ﻣﺪ أو ﻏﲑ ذﻟﻚ‪ ٬‬وﻫﻮ ﺬا‬
‫اﳌﻌﲎ ﻣﺴﺎ ٍو ﻟﻠﻀﺒﻂ واﻟﺸﻜﻞ)‪.(1‬‬
‫واﻟﺬي ﻳﺴﻤﻰ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻘﺪاﻣﻰ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻘﻂ اﻹﻋﺮاﰊ‪ ٬‬وﻗﺪ ﻳﻄﻠﻖ ﺑﺎﻻﺷﱰاك ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻌﻨﻴﲔ‪-‬أﺣﺪﳘﺎ‪ -‬ﻣﺎ ﻳﻄﻠﻖ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ اﻟﻀﺒﻂ واﻟﺸﻜﻞ‪-‬وﺛﺎﻧﻴﻬﻤﺎ‪ -‬اﻟﻨﻘﻂ اﻟﺪال ﻋﻠﻰ ذوات اﳊﺮوف وﻫﻮ اﻟﻨﻘﻂ أزواﺟﺎً وأﻓﺮاداً اﳌﻤﻴﺰ ﺑﲔ‬
‫اﳊﺮف اﳌﻌﺠﻢ واﳌﻬﻤﻞ)‪.(2‬‬
‫اﻟﻨﻮع اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬اﻟﻀﺒ ــﻂ اﻹﻋﺠﺎﻣﻲ‪:‬‬
‫اﻹﻋﺠﺎم‪ :‬ﻫﻮ اﻟﻨﻘﻂ اﻟﺪال ﻋﻠﻰ ذات اﳊﺮف‪ ٬‬وﲤﻴﻴﺰ اﳊﺮوف اﳌﺘﻤﺎﺛﻠﺔ ﰲ اﻟﺮﺳﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ‪ ٬‬ﺑﻮﺿﻊ‬
‫ﻧﻘﻂ ﳝﻨﻊ اﻟﻌﺠﻤﺔ واﻟﻠﺒﺲ)‪.(3‬‬
‫وﻫﻮ أﻳﻀﺎ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻳﺪل ﻋﻠﻰ ذوات اﳊﺮوف ﲤﻴﻴﺰاً ﳍﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ إذا اﲢﺪت ﺻﻮرﻫﺎ ﻛﺎﻟﺒﺎء‪ ٬‬اﻟﺘﺎء أو‬
‫ﺗﻘﺎرﺑﺖ ﻛﺎﻟﻔﺎء واﻟﻘﺎف)‪.(4‬‬

‫)‪ (1‬اﻟﺴﺒﻴﻞ إﱃ ﺿﺒﻂ ﻛﻠﻤﺎت اﻟﺘﻨﺰﻳﻞ‪ ٬‬أﲪﺪ ﳏﻤﺪ أﺑﻮزﻳﺘﺤﺎر‪ ٬‬ﲢﻘﻴﻖ‪ :‬ﻳﺎﺳﺮ إﺑﺮاﻫﻴﻢ اﳌﺰروﻋﻲ‪ ٬‬اﻟﻜﻮﻳﺖ‪ ٬‬ط‪1430 ٬1‬ه‪2009/‬م‪٬‬‬
‫ص‪.11‬‬
‫)‪ (2‬ﲰﲑ اﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ ﰲ رﺳﻢ وﺿﺒﻂ اﻟﻜﺘﺎب اﳌﺒﲔ‪ ٬‬ﻋﻠﻲ ﳏﻤﺪ اﻟﻀﺒﺎع‪ ٬‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪ ٬‬ص‪.154‬‬
‫)‪ (3‬اﻟﻄﺮاز ﰲ ﺷﺮح ﺿﺒﻂ اﳋﺮاز‪ ٬‬ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲ اﻟﺘﻨﺴﻲ‪ ٬‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪ ٬‬ص‪.38‬‬
‫)‪ (4‬اﻟﺴﺒﻴﻞ إﱃ ﺿﺒﻂ ﻛﻠﻤﺎت اﻟﺘﻨﺰﻳﻞ‪ ٬‬أﲪﺪ ﳏﻤﺪ أﺑﻮزﻳﺘﺤﺎر‪ ٬‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪ ٬‬ص‪.12‬‬

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‫!‪A pdf writer that produces quality PDF files with ease‬‬
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‫!‪“Broadgun pdfMachine printer” and that’s it! Get yours now‬‬
‫ﻣﺪﺧـ ـ ـﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼـ ـ ــﻞ اﻷول‪:‬‬

‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﺐ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ اﻟﻀﺒﻂ وﺣﻜﻤﻪ‪.‬‬

‫وذﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل اﻟﺘﻄﺮق إﱃ اﳌﺮاﺣﻞ اﻟﱵ ﻣﱠﺮ ﺎ اﳌﺼﺤﻒ اﻟﺸﺮﻳﻒ‪ ٬‬وإﱃ ﺣﻜﻤﻪ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﺮع اﻷول‪ :‬ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ اﻟﻀﺒﻂ‪.‬‬
‫ﻟﻘﺪ ﻣﱠﺮ ﺿﺒﻂ اﳌﺼﺤﻒ اﻟﺸﺮﻳﻒ ﲟﺮاﺣﻞ‪ ٬‬ﺣﱴ وﺻﻞ إﱃ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ اﻟﺬي ﺑﲔ أﻳﺪﻳﻨﺎ اﻟﻴﻮم‪ ٬‬وذﻟﻚ‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‪:‬‬
‫أوﻻ‪ :‬ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ اﻟﻨﺸﺄة‪ :‬ﻣﻦ اﳌﻌﻠﻮم أن اﳌﺼﺎﺣﻒ ﰲ ﺑﺪاﻳﺔ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺘﻬﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻨﻘﻮﻃﺔ وﻻ ﻣﺸﻜﻮﻟﺔ‪ ٬‬وﻛﺎن‬
‫اﻟﻨﺎس ﻻ ﳚﺪون ﻣﺸﻘﺔ ﰲ ﻗﺮاء ﺎ واﻟﺘﻔﺮﻳﻖ ﺑﲔ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت وإن ﺗﺸﺎ ﺖ اﳊﺮوف؛ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﻓﻄﺮ ﻢ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺴﻠﻴﻤﺔ‪ ٬‬وﺗﻠﻘﻴﻬﻢ ﻟﻠﻘﺮآن اﻟﻜﺮﱘ ﻣﺸﺎﻓﻬﺔ ﻣﻦ رﺳﻮل اﷲ ‪ ٬‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎ اﺗﺴﻌﺖ ﺑﻼد اﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪ ٬‬وﻛﺜﺮ‬
‫اﻷﻋﺎﺟﻢ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻮن ﰲ اﻹﺳﻼم‪ ٬‬ﺑﺪأ اﻟﻠﺤﻦ ﻳﺘﻄﺮق إﱃ أﻟﺴﻨﺔ اﻟﻨﺎس‪ ٬‬وﻇﻬﺮ ذﻟﻚ ﰲ ﻗﺮاءة ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ‬
‫ﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت اﻟﻘﺮآن اﻟﻜﺮﱘ‪ ٬‬ﻓﺎﻗﺘﻀﻰ اﻷﻣﺮ وﺿﻊ ﻋﻼﻣﺎت ﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻨﻄﻖ اﻟﺴﻠﻴﻢ)‪.(1‬‬
‫ﻓﻠﻤﺎ رأى أﻣﲑ اﻟﺒﺼﺮة زﻳﺎد ﺑﻦ أﰊ ﺳﻔﻴﺎن)‪ (2‬أن اﺑﻨﻪ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ اﷲ)‪(3‬ﻳﻠﺤﻦ ﰲ اﻟﻘﺮاءة‪ ٬‬ﺑﻌﺚ إﱃ أﰊ‬
‫اﻷﺳﻮد اﻟﺪؤﱄ)‪ ٬(4‬وذﻛﺮ ﻟﻪ ﺑﺄن ﻟﺴﺎن اﻟﻌﺮب دﺧﻠﻪ اﻟﻔﺴﺎد‪ ٬‬واﻗﱰح ﻋﻠﻴﻪ أن ﻳﻀﻊ ﺷﻴﺌﺎ ﻳﺼﻠﺢ اﻟﻨﺎس ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻛﻼﻣﻬﻢ وﻳﻌﺮﺑﻮن ﺑﻪ اﻟﻘﺮآن‪ ٬‬ﻓﺎﻣﺘﻨﻊ أﺑﻮ اﻷﺳﻮد ﻣﻦ ذﻟﻚ‪ ٬‬ﻓﺄﻣﺮ زﻳﺎد رﺟﻼ ﳚﻠﺲ ﰲ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ أﰊ اﻷﺳﻮد‪٬‬‬
‫ﭐﱡ‪  ‬‬ ‫ﻓﺈذا ﻣﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺮأ ﺷﻴﺌﺎً ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﺮآن وﺗﻌﻤﺪ اﻟﻠﺤﻦ‪ ٬‬ﻓﻘﺮأ اﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﺮور أﰊ اﻷﺳﻮد ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﲞﻔﺾ اﻟﻼم ﻣﻦ رﺳﻮﻟﻪ‪ ٬‬ﻓﺎﺳﺘﻌﻈﻢ ذﻟﻚ أﺑﻮ اﻷﺳﻮد‪ ٬‬وﻗﺎل‬ ‫‪  ‬ﭐﱠ ]اﻟﺘﻮﺑﺔ‪[3:‬‬

‫ﻣﻌﺎذا اﷲ أن ﻳﺘﱪأ اﷲ ﻣﻦ رﺳﻮﻟﻪ‪ ٬‬ﻓﺮﺟﻊ ﻣﻦ ﻓ ِﻮرﻩ إﱃ زﻳﺎد وأﺧﱪﻩ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ أﺟﺎﺑﻪ إﱃ ﻣﺎ ﺳﺄل‪ ٬‬ﻓﺎﺧﺘﺎر رﺟﻼ‬

‫)‪ (1‬رﺳﻢ اﳌﺼﺤﻒ وﺿﺒﻄﻪ‪ ٬‬ﺷﻌﺒﺎن ﳏﻤﺪ إﲰﺎﻋﻴﻞ‪ ٬‬دار اﻟﺴﻼم‪ ٬‬اﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮة‪ ٬‬ط‪ ٬3‬ﺳﻨﺔ‪1433 :‬ه‪2012/‬م‪ ٬‬ص‪.89‬‬
‫)‪ (2‬ﻫﻮ زﻳﺎد ﺑﻦ أﰊ ﺳﻔﻴﺎن ﺑﻦ ﺣﺮب ﺑﻦ أﻣﻴﺔ‪ ٬‬اﻟﺜﻘﻔﻲ‪ ٬‬ﻳﻜﲎ ﺑﺄﰊ اﳌﻐﲑة‪ ٬‬ﻛﺎن رﺟﻼ ﻋﺎﻗﻼ ﰲ دﻧﻴﺎﻩ داﻫﻴﺔ ﺧﻄﻴﺒﺎ‪ ٬‬وﱃ اﻟﺒﺼﺮة‬
‫ﳌﻌﺎوﻳﺔ‪ ٬‬ﻣﺎت ﺳﻨﺔ ‪53‬ه‪ .‬ﻳﻨﻈﺮ‪ :‬اﳌﻌﺎرف‪ ٬‬ﻻﺑﻦ ﻗﺘﻴﺒﺔ ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ‪ ٬‬ﲢﻘﻴﻖ‪ :‬ﺛﺮوت ﻋﻜﺎﺷﺔ‪ ٬‬دار اﳌﻌﺎرف‪ ٬‬اﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮة‪ ٬‬ط‪٬4‬‬
‫)د‪.‬ت‪.‬ن(‪ ٬‬ص‪.346‬‬
‫)‪ (3‬ﻫﻮ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ اﷲ ﺑﻦ زﻳﺎد ﺑﻦ أﰊ ﺳﻔﻴﺎن‪ ٬‬ﻳﻜﲎ ﺑﺄﰊ أﲪﺪ‪ ٬‬روى ﻋﻨﻪ اﺑﻦ ﺳﲑﻳﻦ‪ ٬‬ﻗﺘﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪66‬ه‪ .‬ﻳﻨﻈﺮ‪ :‬اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺦ اﻟﻜﺒﲑ‪٬‬‬
‫إﲰﺎﻋﻴﻞ ﺑﻦ إﺑﺮاﻫﻴﻢ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري‪ ٬‬دار اﻟﻜﺘﺐ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‪ ٬‬ﺑﲑوت‪ ٬‬ﻟﺒﻨﺎن‪) ٬‬د‪.‬ط(‪) ٬‬د‪.‬ت‪.‬ن(‪.381/3 ٬‬‬
‫)‪ (4‬ﻫﻮ ﻇﺎﱂ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮو ﺑﻦ ﺳﻔﻴﺎن ﺑﻦ ﺟﻨﺪل اﻟﺪؤﱄ اﻟﻜﻨﺎﱐ‪ ٬‬ﻣﻦ ﻛﺒﺎر اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌﲔ‪ ٬‬ﳐﻀﺮم‪ ٬‬أﺳﻠﻢ ﰲ ﺣﻴﺎة اﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ٬‬روى ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ‪٬‬‬
‫وﻋﻠﻲ‪ ٬‬وﻣﻌﺎذ ‪ ٬‬وﻏﲑﻫﻢ‪ ٬‬وأول ﻣﻦ وﺿﻊ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﰲ اﻟﻨﺤﻮ‪ ٬‬وﻧﻘﻂ اﳌﺼﺤﻒ‪ ٬‬ﻣﺎت ﺳﻨﺔ‪69:‬ه‪ .‬ﻳﻨﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﻃﺒﻘﺎت اﻟﻨﺤﻮﻳﲔ‬
‫واﻟﻠﻐﻮﻳﲔ‪ ٬‬ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ اﳊﺴﻦ اﻟﺰﺑﻴﺪي‪ ٬‬ﲢﻘﻴﻖ‪ :‬ﳏﻤﺪ أﺑﻮ اﻟﻔﻀﻞ إﺑﺮاﻫﻴﻢ‪ ٬‬دار اﳌﻌﺎرف‪ ٬‬اﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮة‪ ٬‬ط‪) ٬2‬د‪.‬ت‪.‬ن(‪ ٬‬ص‪.21‬‬
‫‪5‬‬
‫‪pdfMachine‬‬
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‫‪Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original documents. Compatible across‬‬
‫‪nearly all Windows platforms, simply open the document you want to convert, click “print”, select the‬‬
‫!‪“Broadgun pdfMachine printer” and that’s it! Get yours now‬‬
‫ﻣﺪﺧـ ـ ـﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼـ ـ ــﻞ اﻷول‪:‬‬

‫ﻋﺎﻗﻼ ﻓﻄﻨﺎ‪ ٬‬وﻗﺎل ﻟﻪ‪» :‬ﺧﺬ اﳌﺼﺤﻒ وﺻﺒﺎﻏﺎً ﳜﺎﻟﻒ ﻟﻮن اﳌﺪاد‪ ٬‬ﻓﺈذا ﻓﺘﺤﺖ ﺷﻔﱵ ﻓﺎﻧﻘﻂ ﻓﻮق‬
‫اﳊﺮف ﻧﻘﻄﺔ‪ ٬‬وإذا ﺿﻤﻤﺘﻬﻤﺎ ﻓﺎﻧﻘﻂ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ أﻣﺎﻣﻪ‪ ٬‬وإذا ﻛﺴﺮ ﻤﺎ ﻓﺎﻧﻘﻂ ﲢﺘﻪ‪ ٬‬ﻓﺈذا أﺗﺒﻌﺖ ﺑﻐﻨﺔ ﻳﻌﲏ‬
‫ﺗﻨﻮﻳﻨﺎ ﻓﺎﻧﻘﻂ ﻧﻘﻄﺘﲔ«)‪ ٬(1‬ﻓﺒﺪأ ﺑﺄول اﳌﺼﺤﻒ ﺣﱴ أﺗﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ آﺧﺮﻩ‪.‬‬
‫وﻇﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻓﻌﻠﻪ أﺑﻮ اﻷﺳﻮد)‪ (2‬ﻫﻜﺬا ﻳﺘﻠﻘﺎﻩ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء‪ ٬‬ﺣﱴ ﺟﺎء ﻋﺼﺮ اﻟﺪوﻟﺔ اﻟﻌﺒﺎﺳﻴﺔ‪ ٬‬وﻇﻬﺮ اﻟﻌﺎﱂ‬
‫اﳉﻠﻴﻞ اﺑﻦ أﲪﺪ اﻟﻔﺮاﻫﻴﺪي)‪ ٬(3‬ﻓﺄﺧﺬ ﻧﻘﻂ أﰊ اﻷﺳﻮد وأدﺧﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﺘﺤﺴﻴﻨﺎت‪ ٬‬ﻓﺠﻌﻞ ﻋﻼﻣﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺘﺤﺔ أﻟﻔﺎً ﺻﻐﲑة‪ ٬‬وﺟﻌﻞ ﻋﻼﻣﺔ اﻟﻀﻤﺔ واواً ﺻﻐﲑة‪ ٬‬وﺟﻌﻞ ﻋﻼﻣﺔ اﻟﻜﺴﺮة ﻳﺎءً ﺻﻐﲑة‪ ٬‬وﻫﻜﺬا)‪.(4‬‬
‫ﻓﻜﺎن ﺿﺒﻂ أﰊ اﻷﺳﻮد ﻧﻘﻄﺎ ﻣﺪوراً ﻛﻨﻘﻂ اﻹﻋﺠﺎم‪ ٬‬وأﺧﺬ اﳋﻠﻴﻞ ذﻟﻚ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ وﻃﻮرﻩ‪ ٬‬ﰒ اﺧﱰع‬
‫ﻧﻘﻄﺎ آﺧﺮ ﻳﺴﻤﻰ اﳌﻄﻮل؛ وﻫﻮ اﻷﺷﻜﺎل اﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ اﳌﺄﺧﻮذة ﻣﻦ ﺻﻮر ﺣﺮوف اﳌﺪ‪ ٬‬وﺟﻌﻞ ﻣﻊ ذﻟﻚ‬
‫ﻋﻼﻣﺎت أﺧﺮى‪.‬‬
‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎ‪ :‬ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ اﻹﻋﺠﺎم ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﺮوف‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﳊﺮوف اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺧﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻘﻂ‪ ٬‬ﻷن اﻟﻌﺮب ﻛﺎﻧﻮا ﰲ‬
‫ﻏﲎ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ ٬‬واﻻﺷﺘﺒﺎﻩ اﻟﺬي ﻳﺰول ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻘﻂ ﻛﺎن ﻳﺰول ﻋﻨﺪﻫﻢ ﺑﺸﺪة اﻟﺬﻛﺎء‪ ٬‬وﳌﺎ ﻛﺜﺮ اﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﻒ واﻧﺘﺸﺮ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺮاق ﰲ أﻳﺎم اﳊﺠﺎج)‪ (5‬أﻣﺮ ُﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ ﺑﻮﺿﻌﻪ‪ ٬‬وﻧﺪب ﳍﺬﻩ اﳌﻬﻤﺔ ﻋﺎﳌﲔ ﺟﻠﻴﻠﲔ ﳘﺎ‪:‬‬

‫)‪ (1‬ﻫﺬا اﻷﺛﺮ ﻧﻘﻠﻪ اﻹﻣﺎم اﻟﺪاﱐ ﻋﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ اﻟﺒﻐﺪادي ﻋﻦ اﻟﻌﺘﱯ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ اﶈﻜﻢ‪ ٬‬ﻳﻨﻈﺮ‪ :‬اﶈﻜﻢ ﰲ ﻧﻘﻂ اﳌﺼﺎﺣﻒ‪ ٬‬ﻋﺜﻤﺎن ﺑﻦ‬
‫ﺳﻌﻴﺪ اﻟﺪاﱐ‪ ٬‬ﻋﲎ ﺑﺘﺤﻘﻴﻘﻪ‪ :‬ﻋﺰة ﺣﺴﻦ‪ ٬‬دار اﻟﻔﻜﺮ‪ ٬‬دﻣﺸﻖ ﺳﻮرﻳﺔ‪ ٬‬ط‪ ٬2‬ﺳﻨﺔ‪1407 :‬ه‪1986/‬م‪ ٬‬ص‪.4‬‬
‫)‪ (2‬ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬أن أول ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎم ﺑﻨﻘﻂ اﳌﺼﺤﻒ ﻫﻮ أﺑﻮ اﻷﺳﻮد اﻟﺪؤﱄ‪ ٬‬واﺧﺘﻠﻔﺖ اﻟﺮواﻳﺎت ﰲ ذﻟﻚ‪ ٬‬وﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﳛﲕ ﺑﻦ ﻳﻌﻤﺮ‪ ٬‬وﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻧﺼﺮ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎ‪ ٬‬وﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲ ﺑﻦ أﰊ إﺳﺤﺎق اﳊﻀﺮﻣﻲ ﻣﻌﻠﻢ أﰊ ﻋﻤﺮو ﺑﻦ اﻟﻌﻼء‪ ٬‬وﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬اﳋﻠﻴﻞ ﺑﻦ أﲪﺪ اﻟﻔﺮاﻫﻴﺪي‪٬‬‬
‫ﺑﻦ ﻋﺎﺻﻢ‪ ٬‬وﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﳘﺎ ً‬
‫واﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ اﻷﻗﻮال ﻛﻠﻬﺎ ‪ :‬أن أول ﻣﻦ وﺿﻊ ﻧﻘﻂ اﻹﻋﺮاب ﻫﻮ أﺑﻮ اﻷﺳﻮد اﻟﺪؤﱄ وﻃﻮرﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ اﳋﻠﻴﻞ ﺑﻦ أﲪﺪ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺮاﻫﻴﺪي‪ .‬اﳌﺮﺟﻊ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‪ ٬‬ص‪.161‬‬
‫)‪ (3‬ﻫﻮ اﳋﻠﻴﻞ ﺑﻦ أﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮو ﺑﻦ ﲤﻴﻢ اﻟﻔﺮاﻫﻴﺪي اﻷزدي‪ ٬‬أﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﺮﲪﺎن‪ ٬‬ﻣﻦ أﺋﻤﺔ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ واﻷدب‪ ٬‬وواﺿﻊ ﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﻌﺮوض‪٬‬‬
‫ﻋﺎش ﻓﻘﲑاً ﺻﺎﺑﺮاً‪ ٬‬وﻛﺎن ﺷﻌﺚ اﻟﺮأس ﺷﺎﺣﺐ اﻟﻠﻮن‪ ٬‬ﻣﺎت ﺳﻨﺔ‪170 :‬ه‪ ٬‬وﻗﻴﻞ‪175 :‬ه‪ .‬ﻳﻨﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﻃﺒﻘﺎت اﻟﻨﺤﻮﻳﲔ واﻟﻠﻐﻮﻳﲔ‪٬‬‬
‫ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ اﳊﺴﻦ اﻟﺰﺑﻴﺪي‪ ٬‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪ ٬‬ص‪.51/47‬‬
‫)‪ (4‬رﺳﻢ اﳌﺼﺤﻒ وﺿﺒﻄﻪ‪ ٬‬ﻟﺸﻌﺒﺎن ﳏﻤﺪ إﲰﺎﻋﻴﻞ‪ ٬‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪ ٬‬ص‪.89‬‬
‫)‪ (5‬ﻫﻮ اﳊﺠﺎج ﺑﻦ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﺑﻦ اﳊﻜﻢ ﺑﻦ أﰉ ﻋﻘﻴﻞ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮد ﺑﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻌﺘﺐ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﺑﻦ ﻛﻌﺐ اﻟﺜﻘﻔﻲ‪ ٬‬أﺑﻮ ﳏﻤﺪ‪ ٬‬ﻗﺘﻞ اﺑﻦ‬
‫اﻟﺰﺑﲑ رﺿﻲ اﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ ٬‬وﺻﻠﺒﻪ ﲟﻜﺔ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺛﻼث وﺳﺒﻌﲔ‪ ٬‬ﻓﻮﻻﻩ ﻋﺒﺪ اﳌﻠﻚ اﳊﺠﺎز ﺛﻼث ﺳﻨﲔ‪ ٬‬ﰒ وﻻﻩ اﻟﻌﺮاق وﻫﻮ اﺑﻦ ﺛﻼث وﺛﻼﺛﲔ‬
‫ﺳﻨﺔ‪ ٬‬ﻓﻮﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﺳﻨﺔ‪ ٬‬ﻓﻜﺎن ﻳﺴﻔﻚ اﻟﺪﻣﺎء‪ ٬‬وﻳﺄﺧﺬ اﳌﺎل اﳊﺮام‪ ٬‬وﺣﻄﻢ أﻫﻠﻬﺎ‪ ٬‬وﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻓﻌﻞ‪ ٬‬ﻣﺎت ﺳﻨﺔ‪95:‬ه‪ .‬ﻳﻨﻈﺮ‪ :‬وﻓﻴﺎت‬
‫اﻷﻋﻴﺎن وأﻧﺒﺎء أﺑﻨﺎء اﻟﺰﻣﺎن‪ ٬‬أﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ أﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺧﻠﻜﺎن‪ ٬‬ﲢﻘﻴﻖ‪ :‬ﺣﺴﺎن ﻋﺒﺎس‪ ٬‬دار ﺻﺎدر‪ ٬‬ﺑﲑوت‪) ٬‬د‪.‬ط(‪٬‬‬
‫)د‪.‬ت‪.‬ن(‪.29/2 ٬‬‬
‫‪6‬‬
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‫ﻣﺪﺧـ ـ ـﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼـ ـ ــﻞ اﻷول‪:‬‬

‫ﳛﻲ ﺑﻦ ﻳﻌﻤﺮ)‪ ٬(1‬وﻧﺼﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺎﺻﻢ)‪ ٬(2‬ﻓﻘﺎﻣﺎ ﺑﻨﻘﻂ اﳊﺮوف اﳌﺘﺸﺎ ﺔ ﰲ اﻟﺮﺳﻢ‪ ٬‬ﻟﻠﺘﻤﻴﻴﺰ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﺎ‪ ٬‬وُﻛﺘﺒﺖ‬
‫ﻫﺬﻩ اﻟﻨﻘﻂ ﲟﺪاد ﻟﻮﻧﻪ ﻟﻮن اﳌﺪاد اﻟﺬي ﻛﺘﺐ ﺑﻪ اﳌﺼﺤﻒ؛ ﺣﱴ ﻳﻜﻮن ﳐﺎﻟﻒ ﻟﻨﻘﻂ اﻟﺪؤﱄ‪ ٬‬وﻛﺎن ﻻ‬
‫ﻏﲑﻩ اﳋﻠﻴﻞ‪ ٬‬و ﺬا ﻳﻈﻬﺮ أن ﻧﻘﻂ اﻹﻋﺮاب ﻣﺘﻘﺪم ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻘﻂ اﻹﻋﺠﺎم)‪.(3‬‬ ‫ﻳﺰال ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﻪ إﱃ أن ﱠ‬
‫وإ ﱠن ﺗﺸﺎﺑﻪ اﳊﺮوف آﻧﺬاك أدى إﱃ ﻧﻄﻖ ﻛﻠﻤﺎت أﺧﺮى ﳐﺎﻟﻔﺔ ﳊﻘﻴﻘﺔ اﻟﻨﺺ‪ ٬‬ﻓﺤﺼﻞ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‬
‫ﺗﻐﻴﲑ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ اﻟﻘﺮآﻧﻴﺔ‪ ٬‬ﳑﺎ دﻓﻊ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء ﻟﻼﺟﺘﻬﺎد ﰲ وﺿﻊ ﻧﻘﻂ اﻹﻋﺠﺎم ﳌﻘﺎوﻣﺔ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻷﺧﻄﺎء‪٬‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﺿﻄﺮوا إﱃ وﺿﻊ اﻹﻋﺠﺎم ﻟﻠﺒﺎء واﻟﺘﺎء واﻟﺜﺎء‪ ٬‬وﻏﲑﻫﺎ‪ ٬‬ﻓﺎﻟﺘﺒﺲ اﻟﻨﻘﻂ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﻓﺠﻌﻠﻮا ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻣﺪادا ﳐﺎﻟﻔﺎ ﻟﻠﻮن اﻵﺧﺮ‪ ٬‬ﰒ وﺿﻌﻮا ﻟﻠﺸﻜﻞ ﻋﻼﻣﺎت أﺧﺮى‪ ٬‬وﻫﻲ اﻟﻌﻼﻣﺎت اﳌﻌﺮوﻓﺔ اﻟﻴﻮم)‪.(4‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﺮع اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬ﺣﻜﻤـﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﳌﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻧﺸﺄة ﺿﺒﻂ اﻟﻘﺮآن اﻟﻜﺮﱘ ﻣﺘﺄﺧﺮة‪ ٬‬ﻓﻘﺪ اﺧﺘﻠﻒ ﻋﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﺴﻠﻒ ﰲ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺿﺒﻂ‬
‫اﳌﺼﺤﻒ اﻟﺸﺮﻳﻒ‪ ٬‬ﻓﻤﻨﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ أﺟﺎزﻩ‪ ٬‬وﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻨﻌﻪ‪ ٬‬وﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ﺗﻔﺼﻴﻞ اﻟﺮأﻳﲔ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﻘﻮل اﻷول‪ :‬أن ﺿﺒﻂ اﳌﺼﺤﻒ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻘﻂ واﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﻏﲑ ﺟﺎﺋﺰ‪ ٬‬وﻛﺎن ﻫﺬا اﻟﻘﻮل ﻣﻌﺘﱪا وﻟﻪ وﺟﺎﻫﺘﻪ ﰲ‬
‫أول ﻇﻬﻮر اﻷﻣﺮ ﻟﻄﺮوﺋﻪ‪ ٬‬وﳊﺮص أﻫﻞ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﲡﺮﻳﺪ اﳌﺼﺤﻒ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻞ دﺧﻴﻞ‪ ٬‬ﻣﺒﺎﻟﻐﺔ ﰲ اﶈﺎﻓﻈﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑ زﻳﺎدة ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ٬‬واﺳﺘﺪﻟﻮا ﻋﻠﻰ ذﻟﻚ ﺑﺒﻌﺾ اﻷﺧﺒﺎر اﳌﺮوﻳﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ اﻟﻜﺮام ﻛﺄﻣﲑ‬
‫اﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ اﳋﻄﺎب)‪ (5‬رﺿﻲ اﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﰲ اﻷﻣﺮ ﺑﺘﺠﺮﻳﺪ اﻟﻘﺮآن اﻟﻜﺮﱘ‪ ٬‬وﺑﺒﻌﺾ اﻵﺛﺎر اﳌﺮوﻳﺔ ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﺴﻠﻒ ﰲ ﻛﺮاﻫﺔ ﻧﻘﻂ اﳌﺼﺤﻒ اﻟﺸﺮﻳﻒ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (1‬ﻫﻮ ﳛﲕ ﺑﻦ ﻳـَ ْﻌ َﻤﺮ اﻟﻘﻴﺴﻲ اﻟﻌﺪواﱐ‪ ٬‬أﺑﻮ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ‪ ٬‬ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌﲔ‪ ٬‬ﻳﻘﻮل ﺑﺘﻔﻀﻴﻞ آل اﻟﺒﻴﺖ‪ ٬‬دون أي ﺗﻨﻘﻴﺺ ﻷﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ‪٬‬‬
‫ﻋﺎﱂ أدﻳﺐ ﳓﻮي‪ ٬‬ﻣﺎت ﺳﻨﺔ ‪129‬ﻫـ‪ .‬ﻳﻨﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺑﻐﻴﺔ اﻟﻮﻋﺎة ﰲ ﻃﺒﻘﺎت اﻟﻠﻐﻮﻳﲔ واﻟﻨﺤﺎة‪ ٬‬ﺟﻼل اﻟﺪﻳﻦ اﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‪ ٬‬ﲢﻘﻴﻖ‪ :‬ﳏﻤﺪ أﺑﻮ‬
‫اﻟﻔﻀﻞ إﺑﺮاﻫﻴﻢ‪ ٬‬دار اﻟﻔﻜﺮ‪ ٬‬اﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮة‪ ٬‬ط‪ ٬2‬ﺳﻨﺔ‪1399 :‬ه‪1979/‬م‪.345/2 ٬‬‬
‫)‪ (2‬ﻫﻮ ﻧﺼﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺎﺻﻢ اﻟﻠﻴﺜﻲ اﻟﻨﺤﻮي‪ ٬‬اﳌﻌﺮوف ﺑﻨﺼﺮ اﳊﺮوف‪ ٬‬ﻣﻦ ﻗﺪﻣﺎء اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌﲔ‪ ٬‬ﻓﻘﻴﻪٌ ﻋﺎﱂٌ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‪ ٬‬ﻳﺴﻨﺪ إﱃ أﰊ اﻷﺳﻮد‬
‫اﻟﺪؤﱄ ﰲ اﻟﻘﺮآن واﻟﻨﺤﻮ‪ ٬‬ﻣﺎت ﺳﻨﺔ‪89 :‬ﻫـ‪ .‬ﻳﻨﻈﺮ‪ :‬اﳌﺮﺟﻊ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‪.314-313/2 ٬‬‬
‫)‪ (3‬رﺳﻢ اﳌﺼﺤﻒ وﺿﺒﻄﻪ‪ ٬‬ﻟﺸﻌﺒﺎن ﳏﻤﺪ إﲰﺎﻋﻴﻞ‪ ٬‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪ ٬‬ص‪.90‬‬
‫)‪ (4‬اﳌﺪﺧﻞ ﻟﺪراﺳﺔ اﻟﻘﺮآن اﻟﻜﺮﱘ‪ ٬‬ﳏﻤﺪ أﺑﻮ ﺷﻬﺒﺔ‪ ٬‬دار اﻟﻠﻮاء‪ ٬‬اﻟﺮﻳﺎض‪ ٬‬ط‪ ٬3‬ﺳﻨﺔ‪1407 :‬ه‪1987/‬م‪ ٬‬ص‪.388‬‬
‫)‪ (5‬ﻫﻮ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ اﳋﻄ ـﺎب ﺑﻦ ﻧﻔﻴ ــﻞ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻌــﺰي ﺑﻦ ﻛﻌـﺐ ﺑﻦ ﻟـﺆي‪ ٬‬أﺑﻮ ﺣﻔـﺺ‪ ٬‬أﻣﲑ اﳌﺆﻣﻨﻴ ــﻦ‪ ٬‬اﻟﻘﺮﺷـﻲ‪ ٬‬اﻟﻌـﺪوى‪ ٬‬اﻟﻔﺎروق‪٬‬‬
‫أﺳﻠﻢ وﻋﻤﺮﻩ ﺳﺒﻊ وﻋﺸ ـﺮون ﺳﻨﺔ‪ ٬‬وﻫﻮ أﺣﺪ اﻟﺴـﺎﺑﻘﲔ اﻷوﻟﲔ‪ ٬‬وأﺣـﺪ اﻟﻌﺸـﺮة اﳌﺸﻬﻮد ﳍﻢ ﺑﺎﳉﻨﺔ‪ ٬‬وأﺣ ـﺪ اﳋﻠﻔ ـﺎء اﻟﺮاﺷﺪﻳﻦ‪ ٬‬روى‬
‫ﻋﻦ رﺳﻮل اﷲ ‪ 539 ‬ﺣﺪﻳﺜﺎ‪ ٬‬ﻣﺎت وﻟـﻪ ﺛـﻼث وﺳﺘـﻮن ﺳﻨﺔ‪ .‬ﻳﻨﻈﺮ‪ :‬اﻹﺳﺘﻴﻌﺎب ﰲ أﲰﺎء اﻷﺻﺤﺎب‪ ٬‬ﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﱪ‪ ٬‬دار‬
‫اﻟﻔﻜﺮ‪ ٬‬ﺑﲑوت‪ ٬‬ﻟﺒﻨﺎن‪) ٬‬د‪.‬ط(‪1427 ٬‬ه‪2006/‬م‪.11/2 ٬‬‬
‫‪7‬‬
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‫ﻣﺪﺧـ ـ ـﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼـ ـ ــﻞ اﻷول‪:‬‬

‫وﳑﺎ ورد ﻋﻦ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ‪‬؛ أﻧﻪ ﳌﺎ وﺟﻪ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ اﳋﻄﺎب ‪ -‬رﺿﻮان اﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ‪ -‬اﻟﻨﺎس إﱃ‬
‫اﻟﻌﺮاق ذﻛﺮ ﳍﻢ ﻛﻼﻣﺎً‪ ٬‬ﻛﺬا وﻛﺬا‪ ٬‬ﰒ ﻗﺎل‪» :‬ﺟﺮدوا اﻟﻘﺮآن‪ ٬‬وأﻗﻠﻮا اﻟﺮواﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ رﺳﻮل اﷲ‪ ٬‬واﻣﻀﻮا وأﻧﺎ‬
‫ﺷﺮﻳﻜﻜﻢ « )‪.(1‬‬
‫وﻛﺬﻟﻚ ورد أﺛﺮ ﻋﻦ اﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮد)‪ (2‬رﺿﻲ اﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ أﻧﻪ ﻗﺎل‪» :‬ﺟﺮدوا اﻟﻘﺮآن ﻟﲑﺑﻮا ﻓﻴﻪ ﺻﻐﲑﻛﻢ‪ ٬‬وﻻ‬
‫ﻳﻨﺄى ﻋﻨﻪ ﻛﺒﲑﻛﻢ« )‪.(3‬‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ روى اﻟﺪاﱐ ﺑﺄﺳﺎﻧﻴﺪﻩ ﻋﻦ ﻗﺘﺎدة)‪ (4‬وﻏﲑﻩ)‪ :(5‬أ ﻢ ﻛﺎﻧﻮا ﻳﻜﺮﻫﻮن ﻧﻘﻂ اﳌﺼﺎﺣﻒ)‪.(6‬‬
‫اﻟﻘﻮل اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬أﻧﻪ ﳚﻮز ﻧﻘﻂ اﳌﺼﺤﻒ وﺷﻜﻠﻪ‪ ٬‬ﻷن اﻟﻀﺮورة إﻟﻴﻪ ُﻣﻠِ ﱠﺤﺔ‪ ٬‬وﻗﺪ ورد اﻟﱰﺧﻴﺺ ﰲ ﻧﻘﻂ‬
‫اﳌﺼﺎﺣﻒ وﺿﺒﻄﻬﺎ ﻋﻦ ﻛﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﺴﻠﻒ‪ ٬‬ﺣﱴ أوﻟﺌﻚ اﻟﺬﻳﻦ وردت ﻋﻨﻬﻢ ﻧﺼﻮص ﰲ اﻟﻘﻮل‬
‫ﺑﻜﺮاﻫﺘﻪ)‪.(7‬‬

‫)‪ (1‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ‪ :‬اﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﰲ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ اﻟﺴﻨﻦ واﻵﺛﺎر‪ ٬‬ﻛﺘﺎب اﻟﻄﻬﺎرة‪ ٬‬رﻗﻢ)‪ ٬146/1 ٬(183‬وأﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ اﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻼم ﰲ ﻓﻀﺎﺋﻞ‬
‫اﻟﻘﺮآن وﻣﻌﺎﳌﻪ وآداﺑﻪ‪ ٬260/1 ٬‬واﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﰲ اﳌﺴﺘﺪرك ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﲔ‪ ٬‬ﻛﺘﺎب اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‪ ٬‬رﻗﻢ)‪) ٬183/1 ٬(347‬وﻗﺎل اﻟﺬﻫﱯ ﰲ‬
‫ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻘﺎﺗﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ اﳌﺴﺘﺪرك‪ :‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪ ٬‬وﻟﻪ ﻃﺮق(‪ ٬‬ﺑﺄﺳﺎﻧﻴﺪﻫﻢ ﻋﻦ أﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻴﺎش‪ ٬‬ﻋﻦ أﺑﺎ ﺣﺼﲔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (2‬ﻫﻮ ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮد ﺑﻦ ﻏﺎﻓﻞ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﻴﺐ ﺑﻦ ﴰﺦ ﺑﻦ ﻓﺎر ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻫﺬﻳﻞ اﳍﺬﱄ‪ ٬‬أﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﺮﲪــﻦ‪ ٬‬ﻛﺎن ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﲔ‬
‫اﻷوﻟﲔ‪ ٬‬ﺷﻬﺪ ﺑﺪرا‪ ٬‬وﻻزم اﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ٬ ‬أﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ ﲨـﻊ اﻟﻘﺮءان ﰲ ﻋﻬﺪ رﺳﻮل اﷲ ‪ ٬‬وأﻗ ـﺎم ﰲ اﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ ﺳﻨﻮات ﻳﻘﺮئ أﻫﻠﻬﺎ اﻟﻘﺮآن‪٬‬‬
‫وﻳﻌﻠﻤﻬﻢ اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‪ ٬‬ﻣﺎت ﺑﺎﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ 32‬ﻫــ‪ .‬ﻳﻨﻈﺮ‪ :‬اﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ ﰲ ﲤﻴﻴﺰ اﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ‪ ٬‬ﺷﻬﺎب اﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ اﻟﻌﺴﻘﻼﱐ‪) ٬‬د‪.‬م‪.‬ن(‪٬‬‬
‫)د‪.‬ط(‪) ٬‬د‪.‬ت‪.‬ن(‪.376 – 373 /6 ٬‬‬
‫)‪ (3‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ‪ :‬اﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ ﰲ اﻟﺴﻨﻦ اﻟﻜﱪى‪ ٬‬ﻛﺘﺎب ﻋﻤﻞ اﻟﻴﻮم واﻟﻠﻴﻠﺔ‪ ٬‬رﻗﻢ)‪ ٬354/9 ٬(10734‬وأﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ اﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻼم ﰲ‬
‫ﻓﻀﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﻘﺮآن وﻣﻌﺎﳌﻪ وآداﺑﻪ‪ ٬261/1 ٬‬واﻟﻔﺮﻳﺎﰊ ﰲ ﻓﻀﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﻘﺮآن‪ ٬‬ص‪ ٬150‬ﺑﺄﺳﺎﻧﻴﺪﻫﻢ ﻋﻦ أﰊ اﻷﺣﻮص‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (4‬ﻫﻮ ﻗﺘﺎدة ﺑﻦ دﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻗﺘﺎدة ﺑﻦ ﻋﺰﻳﺰ اﻟﺴﺪوﺳﻲ‪ ٬‬أﺑﻮ اﳋﻄﺎب‪ ٬‬اﻟﺒﺼﺮي‪ ٬‬اﻟﻀﺮﻳﺮ‪ ٬‬اﻷﻛﻤﻪ‪ ٬‬ﻋﺎﱂ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‪ ٬‬أﺣﺪ اﻷﺋﻤﺔ ﰲ‬
‫ﺣﺮوف اﻟﻘﺮآن‪ ٬‬روى اﻟﻘﺮاءة ﻋﻦ أﰊ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ وأﻧﺲ ﺑﻦ ﻣـﺎﻟﻚ‪ ٬‬وﺳﻌﻴـﺪ ﺑﻦ اﳌﺴﻴـﺐ وﻏﲑﻩ‪ ٬‬وروى ﻋﻨﻪ أﺑﺎن ﺑﻦ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ اﻟﻌﻄﺎر‪ ٬‬وﻏﲑﻩ‪٬‬‬
‫وﻛﺎن ﻳﻀﺮب ﲝﻔﻈﻪ اﳌﺜﻞ‪ ٬‬ﻣﺎت ﺳﻨﺔ‪ 118 :‬ﻫ ـ‪ .‬ﻳﻨﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﻏﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﰲ ﻃﺒﻘﺎت اﻟﻘﺮاء‪ ٬‬ﴰﺲ اﻟﺪﻳﻦ أﰊ اﳋﲑ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ‬
‫ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ اﳉﺰري‪ ٬‬دار اﻟﻜﺘﺐ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‪ ٬‬ﺑﲑوت‪ ٬‬ط‪ ٬1‬ﺳﻨﺔ‪1427 :‬ه‪2006/‬م‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (5‬ﻛﻤﺎ روى اﻟﺪاﱐ ﻧﻔﺲ اﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺑﺄﺳﺎﻧﻴﺪﻩ ﻋﻦ اﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ واﳊﺴﻦ اﻟﺒﺼﺮي‪ ٬‬واﺑﻦ ﺳﲑﻳﻦ‪ ٬‬وإﺑﺮاﻫﻴﻢ اﻟﻨﺨﻌﻲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (6‬اﶈﻜﻢ ﰲ ﻧﻘﻂ اﳌﺼﺎﺣﻒ‪ ٬‬ﻋﺜﻤﺎن ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ اﻟﺪاﱐ‪ ٬‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪ ٬‬ص‪.11‬‬
‫)‪ (7‬اﳌﺮﺟﻊ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‪ ٬‬ص‪.13 -12‬‬
‫‪8‬‬
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‫‪Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original documents. Compatible across‬‬
‫‪nearly all Windows platforms, simply open the document you want to convert, click “print”, select the‬‬
‫!‪“Broadgun pdfMachine printer” and that’s it! Get yours now‬‬
‫ﻣﺪﺧـ ـ ـﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼـ ـ ــﻞ اﻷول‪:‬‬

‫ﻗﺎل ﻋﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﻔﻦ‪ :‬ﻳﺴﺘﺤﺐ ﻧﻘﻂ اﳌﺼﺤﻒ وﺷﻜﻠﻪ‪ ٬‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﺻﻴﺎﻧﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻠﺤﻦ ﻓﻴﻪ وﺗﺼﺤﻴﻔﻪ‪ ٬‬وأﻣﺎ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻗﺎل ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺮاﻫﺔ ﻓﺈﳕﺎ ﻛﺮﻫﻪ ﰲ ذﻟﻚ اﻟﺰﻣﺎن ﺧﻮﻓﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻐﻴﲑ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ٬‬وﻗﺪ أﻣﻦ ذﻟﻚ اﻟﻴﻮم ﻓﻼ ﻣﻨﻊ )‪.(1‬‬
‫وﺧﻼﺻﺔ اﻟﻘﻮل‪:‬‬
‫أن ﺿﺒﻂ اﻟﻘﺮآن اﻟﻜﺮﱘ ﰲ اﳌﺼﺎﺣﻒ ﻛﺎن ﰲ أول اﻷﻣﺮ ﻣﻜﺮوﻫﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻃﺎﺋﻔﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﺴﻠﻒ‪٬‬‬
‫ﺣﺮﺻﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﲡﺮﻳﺪ اﻟﻘﺮآن ﰲ اﳌﺼﺎﺣﻒ وﻋﺪم إﺿﺎﻓﺔ أي ﺷﻲء ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑﻩ‪ ٬‬ﳐﺎﻓﺔ اﻻﻟﺘﺒﺎس أو ﳐﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫اﻹﺣﺪاث ﰲ اﳌﺼﺎﺣﻒ ﲟﺎ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺣﲔ ﻛﺘﺒﺖ ﰲ زﻣﻦ ﻋﺜﻤﺎن)‪.(3) (2‬‬
‫واﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﰲ وﻗﺘﻨﺎ ﻫﺬا اﻟﱰﺧﺺ ﰲ ﻧﻘﻂ اﳌﺼﺎﺣﻒ وﺿﺒﻄﻬﺎ‪ ٬‬وذﻟﻚ ﳌﻨﻊ اﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳﻒ واﻟﺘﻐﻴﲑ ﰲ اﻟﻨﺺ‬
‫اﻟﻘﺮآﱐ‪ ٬‬ودﻓﻌﺎً ﻟﻼﻟﺘﺒﺎس‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (1‬اﻟﺘﺒﻴﺎن ﰲ آداب ﲪﻠﺔ اﻟﻘﺮآن‪ ٬‬ﳛﲕ ﺑﻦ ﺷﺮف اﻟﻨﻮوي‪ ٬‬ﲢﻘﻴﻖ‪ :‬ﳏﻤﺪ اﳊﺠﺎر‪ ٬‬دار اﺑﻦ ﺣﺰم‪ ٬‬ﺑﲑوت‪ ٬‬ﻟﺒﻨﺎن‪ ٬‬ط‪ ٬4‬ﺳﻨﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪1417‬ه‪1996/‬م‪ ٬‬ص‪.189‬‬
‫)‪ (2‬ﻫﻮ ﻋﺜﻤﺎن ﺑﻦ ﻋﻔﺎن ﺑﻦ أﰊ اﻟﻌﺎص اﻟﻘﺮﺷﻲ‪ ٬‬اﻷﻣﻮي‪ ٬‬ذي اﻟﻨﻮرﻳﻦ‪ ٬‬ﻳﻜﲎ أﺑﺎ ﻋﻤﺮو‪ ٬‬وأﺑﺎ ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲ‪ ٬‬وﱄ اﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ‬
‫اﳋﻄﺎب ‪ ‬ﺑﺈﲨﺎع اﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ واﺟﺘﻬﺎدﻫﻢ ‪ ٬‬وﻣﺪة ﺧﻼﻓﺘﻪ اﺛﻨﺎ ﻋﺸﺮ ﺳﻨﺔ‪ ٬‬وﻋﻤﺮﻩ ‪ 80‬ﺳﻨﺔ‪ ٬‬وﻗﻴﻞ‪ 82 :‬ﺳﻨﺔ‪ ٬‬وﻗﻴﻞ ﻏﲑ ذﻟﻚ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﻨﻈﺮ‪ :‬اﻹﺳﺘﻴﻌﺎب ﰲ أﲰﺎء اﻷﺻﺤﺎب‪ ٬‬ﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﱪ‪ ٬‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪.11/2 ٬‬‬
‫)‪ (3‬اﻟﻔﻮاﺋﺪ اﳉﻤﻴﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻵﻳﺎت اﳉﻠﻴﻠﺔ‪ ٬‬اﳊﺴﲔ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﻃﻠﺤﺔ‪ ٬‬اﻟﺮﺟﺮاﺟﻲ اﻟﺸﻮﺷﺎوي‪ ٬‬ﲢﻘﻴﻖ‪ :‬إدرﻳﺲ ﻋﺰوزي‪) ٬‬د‪.‬م‪.‬ن(‪٬‬‬
‫)د‪.‬ط(‪1409 ٬‬ه‪1989/‬م‪ ٬‬ص‪.207‬‬

‫‪9‬‬
‫‪pdfMachine‬‬
‫!‪A pdf writer that produces quality PDF files with ease‬‬
‫‪Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original documents. Compatible across‬‬
‫‪nearly all Windows platforms, simply open the document you want to convert, click “print”, select the‬‬
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 ‫اﻟﻤﺒﺤﺚ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬

.‫ وﺻﻴﻐﻪ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻹﻣﺎم‬٬‫ أﺳﺴﻪ‬٬‫اﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎر‬

:‫وﻳﺸﺘﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ‬

.‫ ﺗﻌﺮﻳـ ـﻒ اﻻﺧﺘﻴ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـﺎر‬:‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﺐ اﻷول‬

.‫ أﺳﺲ اﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎر ﻋﻨﺪ أﺑﻲ داود‬:‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﺐ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬

.‫ ﺻﻴﻎ اﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎر ﻋﻨﺪ أﺑﻲ داود‬:‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﺐ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬

pdfMachine
A pdf writer that produces quality PDF files with ease!
Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original documents. Compatible across
nearly all Windows platforms, simply open the document you want to convert, click “print”, select the
“Broadgun pdfMachine printer” and that’s it! Get yours now!
‫ﻣﺪﺧ ـ ـﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼـ ـ ـﻞ اﻷول‪:‬‬

‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﺐ اﻷول‪ :‬ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ اﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎر‪:‬‬

‫وذﻟﻚ ﺑﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ اﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎر ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ واﻻﺻﻄﻼح‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﺮع اﻷول‪ :‬اﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎر ﻓﻲ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ‪:‬‬
‫اﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎر ﰲ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﻣﺼﺪر اﺧﺘﺎر ﳜﺘﺎر‪ ٬‬واﳋﺎء واﻟﻴﺎء واﻟﺮاء أﺻﻠﻪ اﻟﻌﻄﻒ‪ ٬‬واﳌﻴﻞ)‪.(1‬‬
‫اﺳﺘَ ِﺨﺮ اﷲ َِﳜ ْﺮ ﻟﻚ؛‬
‫ﱠﺨ ﱡﲑ‪ .‬وﻳﻘﺎل‪ْ :‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺧﺎر اﻟﺸﻲء واﺧﺘﺎرﻩ‪ :‬اﻧﺘﻘﺎﻩ‪ ...‬واﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎر‪ :‬اﻻﺻﻄﻔﺎء وﻛﺬﻟﻚ اﻟﺘ َ‬
‫ﻴﺎر‪ :‬اﻻﺳﻢ ﻣﻦ اﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎر‪ ٬‬وﻫﻮ ﻃﻠﺐ َﺧ ِْﲑ اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻦ)‪.(2‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﺳﺘَ َﺨ َﺎرﻩُ‪ ...‬واﳋ ُ‬
‫واﷲ َﳜﲑ ﻟﻠﻌﺒﺪ إذا ْ‬
‫ﭐﱡ ‪  ‬‬ ‫واﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎر ﰲ ﻟﻐﺔ اﻟﻘﺮآن ﻳﺮاد ﺑﻪ اﻟﺘﻔﻀﻴﻞ‪ ٬‬واﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎء‪ ٬‬واﻻﺻﻄﻔﺎء ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎل ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪:‬‬
‫‪            ‬‬

‫‪     ‬ﱠ ]ﻃﻪ‪.(3) [12-10 :‬‬

‫اﻟﻔﺮع اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬اﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎر ﻓﻲ اﻻﺻﻄﻼح‪:‬‬
‫اﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎر ﰲ اﻻﺻﻄﻼح‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﻃﻠﺐ ﻣﺎ ﻓﻌﻠﻪ ﺧﲑ)‪.(4‬‬
‫وﳝﻜﻦ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ اﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎر ﺑﺄﻧﻪ‪ :‬اﳌﻴﻞ إﱃ ﻣﺎ ﻳُـﺮاد وﻳُﺮﺗﻀﻰ)‪.(5‬‬
‫وأن ﻳﻨﺘﻘﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻟﻪ اﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎر ﻣﻦ اﻟﻀﺒﻂ اﳌﺮوي ﻋﻦ اﻷﺋﻤﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ راﺟﺢ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ‪ ٬‬ﺑﻨﺎء ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻜﺮة ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬
‫ﺳﻮاء ذﻛﺮﻫﺎ أم ﱂ ﻳﺬﻛﺮﻫﺎ‪ ٬‬ﰒ ﻫﻮ ﱂ ﻳﺘﻘﻴﺪ ﲟﺬﻫﺐ ﺑﻌﻴﻨﻪ ﻳﻨﺴﺐ إﱃ ﻣﺼﺪر ﺑﺬاﺗﻪ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (1‬ﻣﻌﺠﻢ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﻴﺲ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ‪ ٬‬أﺑﻮ اﳊﺴﲔ أﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻓﺎرس ﺑﻦ زﻛﺮﻳﺎ‪ ٬‬ﲢﻘﻴﻖ‪ :‬ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﺴﻼم ﳏﻤﺪ ﻫﺎرون‪ ٬‬دار اﻟﻔﻜﺮ‪ ٬‬ﺑﲑوت‪ ٬‬ﻟﺒﻨﺎن‪٬‬‬
‫ط‪ ٬2‬ﺳﻨﺔ‪1420 :‬ﻫـ‪1999/‬م‪ ٬‬ﻣﺎدة)ﺧﲑ(‪.(232/2) ٬‬‬
‫)ﺧﲑ(‪ ٬‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪.259-257/4 ٬‬‬ ‫)‪ (2‬ﻟﺴﺎن اﻟﻌﺮب‪ ٬‬اﺑﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر‪ ٬‬ﻣﺎدة َ‬
‫)‪ (3‬ﺟﺎﻣﻊ اﻟﺮﺳﺎﺋﻞ‪ ٬‬أﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﳊﻠﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺗﻴﻤﻴﺔ اﳊﺮاﱐ‪ ٬‬ﲢﻘﻴﻖ‪ :‬ﳏﻤﺪ رﺷﺎد ﺳﺎﱂ‪ ٬‬دار اﳌﺪﱐ‪ ٬‬ﺟﺪة‪ ٬‬ط‪ ٬2‬ﺳﻨﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪1405‬ﻫـ‪1984/‬م‪.137/1 ٬‬‬
‫)‪ (4‬اﻟﺘﻮﻗﻴﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻬﻤﺎت اﻟﺘﻌﺎرﻳﻒ‪ ٬‬ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﺮؤوف ﺑﻦ اﳌﻨﺎوي‪ ٬‬ﻋﺎﱂ اﻟﻜﺘﺐ‪ ٬‬ط‪ ٬1‬ﺳﻨﺔ‪1410 :‬ه‪1990/‬م‪ ٬‬ص‪.8‬‬
‫)‪ (5‬اﳊﺪود اﻷﻧﻴﻘﺔ واﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻔﺎت اﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ‪ ٬‬اﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﺸﻴﺦ زﻛﺮﻳﺎ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ اﻷﻧﺼﺎري‪ ٬‬ﲢﻘﻴﻖ‪ :‬ﻣﺎزن اﳌﺒﺎرك‪ ٬‬دار اﻟﻔﻜﺮ‪ ٬‬ﺑﲑوت‪ ٬‬ﻟﺒﻨﺎن‪٬‬‬
‫ط‪ ٬1‬ﺳﻨﺔ‪1411 :‬ﻫـ‪1991/‬م‪ ٬‬ص‪.69‬‬
‫‪pdfMachine‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬
‫!‪A pdf writer that produces quality PDF files with ease‬‬
‫‪Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original documents. Compatible across‬‬
‫‪nearly all Windows platforms, simply open the document you want to convert, click “print”, select the‬‬
‫!‪“Broadgun pdfMachine printer” and that’s it! Get yours now‬‬
‫ﻣﺪﺧ ـ ـﻞ‬ :‫اﻟﻔﺼـ ـ ـﻞ اﻷول‬

‫ ﻓﻴﺨﺘﺎر ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ‬٬‫ أن ﻳﻌﻤﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺎن أﻫﻼ ﻟﻪ إﱃ ﻛﻠﻤﺎت اﻟﻀﺒﻂ اﳌﺮوﻳﺔ‬:‫واﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎر ﰲ اﻟﻀﺒﻂ‬
.‫ وﳚﺮد ﻣﻦ ذﻟﻚ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺎً ﰲ اﻟﻀﺒﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ِﺣﺪة‬٬‫راﺟﺢ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ‬

12
pdfMachine
A pdf writer that produces quality PDF files with ease!
Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original documents. Compatible across
nearly all Windows platforms, simply open the document you want to convert, click “print”, select the
“Broadgun pdfMachine printer” and that’s it! Get yours now!
‫ﻣﺪﺧ ـ ـﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼـ ـ ـﻞ اﻷول‪:‬‬

‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﺐ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬أﺳﺲ اﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎر ﻋﻨﺪ أﺑﻲ داود‪.‬‬

‫اﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎر ﰲ ﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﻀﺒﻂ ﻟﻪ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﲑ وﺿﻮاﺑﻂ ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪﻫﺎ أﻫﻞ اﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎص‪ ٬‬ﻟﻴﺸﻴﺪوا ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬
‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎرا ﻢ‪ ٬‬وﻳﺒﻨﻮا ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ اﻧﺘﻘﺎدا ﻢ‪ ٬‬وﻗﺪ ﺑﲎ اﻹﻣﺎم أﺑﻮ داود اﺧﺘﻴﺎراﺗﻪ ﰲ ﻓﻦ اﻟﻀﺒﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻮاﻋﺪ ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﳏﻜﻤﺔ‪ ٬‬وأﺳﺲ ﻣﺘﻴﻨﺔ‪ ٬‬وﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﰲ ﻋﺒﺎراﺗﻪ‪ ٬‬واﻟﺘﺄﻣﻞ ﰲ اﺧﺘﻴﺎراﺗﻪ‪ ٬‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﻟﻠﻘﺎرئ ﺗﺼﺮﻳﺢ اﻹﻣﺎم‬
‫اﺑﻦ ﳒﺎح ﺑﺎﺧﺘﻴﺎراﺗﻪ وﻋﻠﱠﺘﻪ ﰲ اﻟﻐﺎﻟﺐ‪ ٬‬وأﻋﺮض ﻋﻦ ذﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺑﻌﺾ اﳌﻮاﺿﻊ اﻷﺧﺮى‪ ٬‬وﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﻼ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ‬
‫ﻻﺳﺘﺨﺮاج اﻟﻌﻠﺔ‪ ٬‬وﻣﻦ أﺑﺮز اﻷﺳﺲ اﻟﱵ اﻋﺘﻤﺪﻫﺎ ﰲ اﺧﺘﻴﺎراﺗﻪ‪:‬‬
‫اﻷﺳﺎس اﻷول‪ :‬اﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎر ﻹﻗﺮار اﻟﺴﻠﻒ اﻟﺼﺎﻟﺢ‪ :‬وﻣﺜﺎﻟﻪ‪ :‬ﰲ ﺑﺎب ﻧﻘﻂ ﻣﺎ ﻧﻘﺺ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺠﺎﺋﻪ‪ ٬‬ﻓﻘﺪ‬
‫ﱠﺑﲔ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺿﺒﻂ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ‪ :‬ﭐﱡﭐ‪ ‬ﱠ]اﻟﺸﻌﺮاء‪ ٬[61 :‬واﺧﺘﺎر اﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻷول ﺣﻴﺚ ﻗﺎل‪ :‬واﻟﺬي ﻗﺪﻣﺘﻪ أﺣﺴﻦ‬
‫ﻟﺮﺳﻢ اﻟﺴﻠﻒ اﻟﺼﺎﱀ ذﻟﻚ)‪.(1‬‬
‫اﻷﺳﺎس اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬اﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎر ﻷﻧﻪ ﻣﻮاﻓﻖ ﻟﻺﺟﻤﺎع‪ :‬وﻣﺜﺎل ذﻟﻚ‪ :‬ﰲ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺿﺒﻂ ﻣﺎ اﺟﺘﻤﻊ ﻓﻴﻪ أﻟﻔﺎن‬
‫ﻓﺤﺬﻓﺖ إﺣﺪاﳘﺎ اﺧﺘﺼﺎرا ﰲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﺗﺼﺎل ﻳﺎء اﻟﻨﺪاء‪ ٬‬وﻫﺎ اﻟﺘﻨﺒﻴﻪ ﺑﻜﻠﻤﺔ أوﳍﺎ ﳘﺰة ﻗﺎل‪ :‬وﻫﻮ اﻟﺬي‬
‫أﺧﺘﺎر أن ﻳﻀﺒﻂ ﺑﻪ‪ ٬‬وأﻋﻮل ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻟﻮﺟﻮدﻧﺎ أﻟﻒ اﻟﻨﺪاء واﻟﺘﻨﺒﻴﻪ ﳏﺬوﻓﺘﺎن ﺑﺈﲨﺎع ﻣﻨﻬﻢ)‪.(2‬‬
‫اﻷﺳﺎس اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ :‬اﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎر ﻷﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻀﺮوري أﺧﺬ اﻟﻀﺒﻂ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺸﺎﻓﻬﺔ‪ :‬وﻣﻦ أﻣﺜﻠﺔ اﺧﺘﻴﺎرﻩ ﻗﺎل‪ :‬ﻻ‬
‫ﻳﻮﻗﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ اﻟﻨﻄﻖ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ اﳌﺼﺤﻒ اﳌﻀﺒﻮط ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﰲ ﻛﻼ اﳊﺎﻟﲔ‪ ٬‬ﻓﻼ ﺑﺪ ﻣﻦ أﺧﺬﻩ‬
‫ﻣﺸﺎﻓﻬﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻷﺳﺘﺎذ‪ ٬‬وإن ﻛﺎن ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻓﱰك ﻫﺬﻩ اﳊﺮوف ﻋﺎرﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻘﻂ أوﱃ)‪.(3‬‬
‫اﻷﺳﺎس اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ‪ :‬اﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎر ﻷﻧﻪ اﻟﻘﻴﺎس‪ :‬وﻣﻦ أﻣﺜﻠﺔ ذﻟﻚ‪ :‬اﺧﺘﻴﺎرﻩ ﰲ ﺿﺒﻂ ﻛﻞ واو ﺟﺎء ﰲ اﻟﺒﻨﺎء‬
‫واﳉﻤﻊ ﺑﻌﺪ ﳘﺰة ﻣﻀﻤﻮﻣﺔ‪ ٬‬ﺳﻮاء ﲢﺮك ﻣﺎ ﻗﺒﻠﻬﺎ أو ﺳﻜﻦ‪ ٬‬ﳓﻮ‪ :‬ﱡﭐ‪‬ﱠ ]اﻟﺒﻘﺮة‪ ٬[13:‬أﻧﻪ ﻛﺘﺐ‬

‫)‪ (1‬أﺻﻮل اﻟﻀﺒﻂ وﻛﻴﻔﻴﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻬﺔ اﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎر‪ ٬‬أﺑﻮ داود ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎن ﺑﻦ ﳒﺎح‪ ٬‬ﺣﻘﻘﻪ وﻋﻠﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ :‬أﲪﺪ ﺷﺮﺷﺎل‪ ٬‬ﻃﺒﻊ ﳎﻤﻊ اﳌﻠﻚ‬
‫ﻓﻬﺪ ﻟﻄﺒﺎﻋﺔ اﳌﺼﺤﻒ اﻟﺸﺮﻳﻒ‪ ٬‬اﻟﺴﻌﻮدﻳﺔ‪ ٬‬ط‪ ٬1‬ﺳﻨﺔ‪ 1427 :‬ه‪ ٬‬ص‪.184‬‬
‫)‪ (2‬اﳌﺮﺟﻊ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‪ ٬‬ص‪.176‬‬
‫)‪ (3‬اﳌﺮﺟﻊ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‪ ٬‬ص‪.157‬‬
‫‪13‬‬
‫‪pdfMachine‬‬
‫!‪A pdf writer that produces quality PDF files with ease‬‬
‫‪Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original documents. Compatible across‬‬
‫‪nearly all Windows platforms, simply open the document you want to convert, click “print”, select the‬‬
‫!‪“Broadgun pdfMachine printer” and that’s it! Get yours now‬‬
‫ﻣﺪﺧ ـ ـﻞ‬ :‫اﻟﻔﺼـ ـ ـﻞ اﻷول‬

‫ ﰒ‬٬‫ وﺟﺎﺋﺰ أن ﺗﻜﻮن ﺻﻮرة اﳍﻤﺰة‬٬‫ ﻓﺠﺎﺋﺰ أن ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﻮاو اﳌﺮﺳﻮﻣﺔ ﻫﻲ واو اﳉﻤﻊ واﻟﺒﻨﺎء‬٬‫ﺑﻮاو واﺣﺪة‬
.(1)‫ وﺑﻪ أﻧﻘﻂ‬٬‫ واﻷول أﻗﻴﺲ‬:‫ﱠﺑﲔ اﺧﺘﻴﺎرﻩ ﻓﻘﺎل‬

.204‫ ص‬٬‫ ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‬٬‫ أﺑﻮ داود ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎن ﺑﻦ ﳒﺎح‬٬‫( أﺻﻮل اﻟﻀﺒﻂ وﻛﻴﻔﻴﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻬﺔ اﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎر‬1)
14
pdfMachine
A pdf writer that produces quality PDF files with ease!
Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original documents. Compatible across
nearly all Windows platforms, simply open the document you want to convert, click “print”, select the
“Broadgun pdfMachine printer” and that’s it! Get yours now!
‫ﻣﺪﺧ ـ ـﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼـ ـ ـﻞ اﻷول‪:‬‬

‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﺐ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ :‬ﺻﻴﻎ اﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎر ﻋﻨﺪ أﺑﻲ داود‪:‬‬

‫ﱂ ﻳﻘﺘﺼﺮ اﻹﻣﺎم أﺑﻮ داود ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﻴﻐﺔ واﺣﺪة ﰲ اﻟﺪﻻﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﺧﺘﻴﺎراﺗﻪ‪ ٬‬وإﳕﺎ ﺳﻠﻚ ﰲ ذﻟﻚ‬
‫أﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ ﺷﱴ‪ ٬‬ﺗﻨﻮﻋﺖ ﰲ ﻋﺒﺎرا ﺎ‪ ٬‬ﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﺗﺘﻔﻖ ﰲ اﻟﺪﻻﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﳊﻜﻢ اﳌﺨﺘﺎر‪ ٬‬وﳝﻜﻦ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺻﻴﻎ‬
‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎراﺗﻪ ﻛﺎﻵﰐ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬اﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﺢ ﺑﻠﻔﻆ اﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎر‪ :‬وﻣﺒﲎ ﻫﺬﻩ اﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ ﻫﻲ اﻟﺘﻨﺼﻴﺺ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎر ﺑﻠﻔﻆ ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﺻﺮﻳﺢ‪٬‬‬
‫وﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل اﺳﺘﻘﺮاء اﺧﺘﻴﺎراﺗﻪ اﺗﻀﺢ أﻧﻪ ﻳﻌﱪ ﰲ اﻟﻐﺎﻟﺐ ﻋﻦ اﺧﺘﻴﺎرﻩ ﺑﻠﻔﻆ‪ :‬أﺧﺘﺎر‪ ٬‬أو ﻣﺎ ﺷﺎ ﻪ ﻛﻠﻔﻆ‪:‬‬
‫أﻋﺘﻤﺪ‪ ٬‬وﻣﺜﺎل ﺻﻴﻐﺔ أﺧﺘﺎر ﻗﻮﻟ ـﻪ‪ :‬واﻷول أﺧﺘﺎر)‪ ٬ (1‬و ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪ :‬واﻷول أﺧﺘﺎر‪ ٬‬وﺑﻪ أﻧﻘﻂ‪ ٬‬وﻻ أﺳﺘﺠﻴﺰ‬
‫ﻫﺬا اﻟﺜﺎﱐ)‪ ٬(2‬وﻣﻦ أﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﻗﻮل أﻋﺘﻤﺪ ﻗﻮﻟـﻪ‪ :‬وﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻷول أﻋﺘﻤﺪ‪ ٬‬وﺑﻪ أﻧﻘﻂ‪ ٬‬وﺑﺬﻟﻚ آﻣﺮ‪٬‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻤﻪ)‪.(3‬‬
‫‪ -2‬اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺻﻴﻐﺔ اﻟﺘﻔﻀﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﳒﺪ أن اﻹﻣﺎم أﺑﺎ داود ﻗﺪ اﺳﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﺻﻴﻐﺔ اﻟﺘﻔﻀﻴﻞ ﰲ ﻋﺪة ﻣﻮاﺿﻊ‪٬‬‬
‫ﻟﻠﺪﻻﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﺧﺘﻴﺎرﻩ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ‪ ٬‬واﻟﺘﻌﺒﲑ ﻋﻠﻰ وﺟﻬﻪ اﳌﻘﺪم‪ ٬‬وﻣﻦ اﻷﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ذﻟﻚ أﻧﻨﺎ ﳒﺪﻩ ﻳﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ‬
‫ﻋﺒﺎرة‪ :‬أﺣﺴﻦ‪ ٬‬أﻗﻴﺲ‪ ٬‬وأﻣﺜﻠﺔ ذﻟﻚ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪ :‬واﻷول أﺣﺴﻦ‪ ٬‬وﻫﺬا اﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻻ أﺳﺘﺠﻴﺰة )‪ ٬(4‬و ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪ :‬ﻫﺬا‬
‫اﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻟﺜﺎﱐ أﺣﺴﻦ)‪ ٬(5‬وﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪ :‬واﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻷول أﻗﻴﺲ)‪ ٬(6‬وﻫﻜﺬا‪.‬‬
‫وﺳﻮف ﻳﺘﺠﻠﻰ ﰲ ﺛﻨﺎﻳﺎ اﳌﻮﺿﻮع اﻟﻜﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ اﻷﻣﺜﻠﺔ اﻟﺘﻮﺿﻴﺤﻴﺔ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‪ ٬‬وﻃﺮﻳﻘﺘﻪ ﰲ اﻟﺘﻌﺒﲑ ﻋﻦ‬
‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎرﻩ‪ ٬‬واﻹﺷﺎرة إﻟﻴﻪ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (1‬أﺻﻮل اﻟﻀﺒﻂ وﻛﻴﻔﻴﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻬﺔ اﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎر‪ ٬‬أﺑﻮ داود ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎن ﺑﻦ ﳒﺎح‪ ٬‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪ ٬‬ص‪.105‬‬
‫)‪ (2‬اﳌﺮﺟﻊ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‪ ٬‬ص‪.172‬‬
‫)‪ (3‬اﳌﺮﺟﻊ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‪ ٬‬ص‪.194‬‬
‫)‪ (4‬اﳌﺮﺟﻊ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‪ ٬‬ص‪.201‬‬
‫)‪ (5‬اﳌﺮﺟﻊ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‪ ٬‬ص‪.138‬‬
‫)‪ (6‬اﳌﺮﺟﻊ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‪ ٬‬ص‪.202‬‬
‫‪15‬‬
‫‪pdfMachine‬‬
‫!‪A pdf writer that produces quality PDF files with ease‬‬
‫‪Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original documents. Compatible across‬‬
‫‪nearly all Windows platforms, simply open the document you want to convert, click “print”, select the‬‬
‫!‪“Broadgun pdfMachine printer” and that’s it! Get yours now‬‬
‫ﻣﺪﺧ ـ ـﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼـ ـ ـﻞ اﻷول‪:‬‬

‫‪ -3‬ﺻﻴﻎ أﺧﺮى ﻳﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﻬﺎ دون ﺗﺼﺮﻳﺢ‪ :‬اﺳﺘﻌﻤﻞ أﺑﻮ داود ﺻﻴﻐﺎً أﺧﺮى ﻏﲑ أﻟﻔﺎظ اﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﺢ‪٬‬‬
‫واﻟﺘﻔﻀﻴﻞ‪ ٬‬واﻟﱵ ﺗﻌﱪ ﻋﻦ اﺧﺘﻴﺎرﻩ ﺑﺎﻹﺷﺎرة‪ ٬‬وﻣﻦ أﻣﺜﻠﺔ ذﻟﻚ‪ :‬ﻛﻼﻣﻪ ﰲ ﺑﺎب اﻟﺪارات اﻟﱵ ﲡﻌﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫اﳊﺮوف اﻟﺰاﺋﺪة ﺣﻴﺚ ﻗﺎل‪ :‬ﻫﺬا أﻳﻀﺎ وﺟﻪ ﺣﺴﻦ أﻣﻴﻞ إﻟﻴﻪ ﳋﻔﺘﻪ‪ ٬‬وأﺧﲑ اﻟﻨﺎﻗﻂ ﻓﻴﻪ ﳉﻮازﻩ )‪.(1‬‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ أﻧﻪ ﻳﺬﻛﺮ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺿﺒﻂ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ اﻟﻜﺒﲑ‪ ٬‬ﰒ ﻳﺸﲑ إﱃ اﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﳌﺨﺘﺎر ﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﰲ أﺻﻮل‬
‫اﻟﻀﺒﻂ‪ ٬‬ﻓﻔﻲ ﺿﺒﻂ اﻟﻴﺎء اﳌﺰﻳﺪة ﰲ اﻟﺮﺳﻢ ﻛﻘﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪ :‬ﭐﱡﭐ‪  ‬ﱠ ]آل ﻋﻤﺮان‪ ٬[144 :‬ﻗﺎل‪ :‬ذﻛﺮت‬
‫ﺳﺘﺔ أوﺟﻪ ﰲ ﺿﺒﻄﻬﺎ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻨﺎ اﻟﻜﺒﲑ ﻣﺸﺮوﺣﺔ ﻣﺒﻴﻨﺔ‪ ٬‬وأﻧﺎ أذﻛﺮ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ واﺟﻬﺎ واﺣﺪا ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ)‪.(2‬‬
‫أن ﰲ ﺿﺒﻄﻬﺎ وﺟﻮﻩ ﻛﺜﲑة‪ ٬‬وﻗﺪ ﻗﺪﻣﻨﺎﻫﺎ ﰲ‬ ‫ﭐﱡﭐ‪   ‬ﱠ]اﻟﺒﻘﺮة‪:[30 :‬‬ ‫وﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﰲ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻨﺎ اﻟﻜﺒﲑ‪ ٬‬وأرﺳﻢ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻫﺎ ﻫﻨﺎ وﺟﻬﺎ ﻫﻮ أﺻﺤﻬﺎ ﻋﻨﺪي وأﻋﺪﳍﺎ)‪.(3‬‬
‫وأﺣﻴﺎﻧﺎ ﻳﻌﻄﻲ وﺟﻬﲔ ﰲ ﺿﺒﻂ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ اﻟﻘﺮآﻧﻴﺔ‪ ٬‬وﻳﺮﻓﺾ أﺣﺪﳘﺎ‪ ٬‬وﻫﺬا ﻳﺪل ﻋﻠﻰ اﺧﺘﻴﺎرﻩ ﻟﻠﻮﺟﻪ‬
‫اﻵﺧﺮ‪ ٬‬وﻣﺜﺎل ذﻟﻚ ذﻛﺮﻩ ﻟﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺿﺒﻂ اﳍﻤﺰﺗﲔ اﻟﻠﺘﲔ ﰲ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ واﺣﺪة ﻋﻠﻰ وﺟﻪ اﻹﺑﺪال‪ ٬‬أ ﺎ ﺗﻀﺒﻂ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ وﺟﻬﲔ‪ ٬‬ﻓﺒﻌﺪ أن ذﻛﺮﳘﺎ ﻗﺎل‪ :‬وﻻ أﻧﻘﻂ ﺬا اﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻷﺧﲑ‪ ٬‬وﻻ أﺳﺘﺠﻴﺰﻩ‪ ٬‬إذ اﳌﻂ إﳕﺎ ﻳﻘﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺣﺮف ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﰲ اﳋﻂ‪ ٬‬واﻟﻠﻔﻆ ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻤﻪ)‪.(4‬‬

‫)‪ (1‬أﺻﻮل اﻟﻀﺒﻂ وﻛﻴﻔﻴﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻬﺔ اﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎر‪ ٬‬أﺑﻮ داود ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎن ﺑﻦ ﳒﺎح‪ ٬‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪ ٬‬ص‪.251‬‬
‫)‪ (2‬اﳌﺮﺟﻊ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‪ ٬‬ص‪.225‬‬
‫)‪ (3‬اﳌﺮﺟﻊ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‪ ٬‬ص‪.180‬‬
‫)‪ (4‬اﳌﺮﺟﻊ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‪ ٬‬ص‪.151‬‬
‫‪16‬‬
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 ‫اﻟﻤﺒﺤﺚ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬

‫اﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺑﺎﻹﻣﺎم أﺑﻲ داود‬

:‫وﻳﺸﺘﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ‬

.‫ ﻋﺼﺮ اﻟﻤﺆﻟﱢﻒ وﺣﻴﺎﺗﻪ اﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‬:‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﺐ اﻷول‬

.‫ ﺣﻴﺎﺗ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـﻪ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـﺔ‬:‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﺐ اﻟﺜﺎﻧـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـﻲ‬

.‫ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﺘﻪ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ وﺛﻨﺎء اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ووﻓﺎﺗﻪ‬:‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﺐ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬

pdfMachine
A pdf writer that produces quality PDF files with ease!
Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original documents. Compatible across
nearly all Windows platforms, simply open the document you want to convert, click “print”, select the
“Broadgun pdfMachine printer” and that’s it! Get yours now!
‫ﻣﺪﺧ ـ ـ ـﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼـ ـ ـﻞ اﻷول‪:‬‬

‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﺐ اﻷول‪ :‬ﻋﺼﺮ اﻟﻤﺆﻟﱢﻒ وﺣﻴﺎﺗﻪ اﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫إ ﱠن دراﺳﺔ اﻟﻌﺼﺮ اﻟﺬي ﻋﺎش ﻓﻴﻪ اﳌﺆﻟِﻒ‪ُ ٬‬ﲤ ﱢﻜﻦ اﻟﺪارس ﻣﻦ ﻓﻬﻢ أﺳﺒﺎب وﻃﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻣﻴﻮﻻﺗﻪ‬
‫وﲣﺼﺼﺎﺗﻪ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‪ ٬‬واﻟﺒﻮاﻋﺚ اﻟﱵ ﻓ ﱠﺠﺮت ﻓﻴﻪ ﻛﻮاﻣﻦ اﻹﺑﺪاع ﰲ اﻟﻔﻦ اﻟﺬي ﺑﺮع ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ٬‬ﻓﺴﺄﺗﻨﺎول ذﻟﻚ‬
‫اﳉﺎﻧﺐ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌﺮض ﻟﻠﺤﻴﺎة اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ واﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﱵ ﻋﺎش ﻓﻴﻬﺎ اﻹﻣﺎم وواﻛﺐ ﻋﺼﺮﻫﺎ‪ ٬‬ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ إﱃ ذﻛﺮ‬
‫ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻪ اﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﺮع اﻷول‪:‬ﻋﺼﺮﻩ‪.‬‬
‫وﻳﺸﻤﻞ اﻟﻌﺼﺮ اﻟﺬي ﻋﺎش ﻓﻴﻪ اﻹﻣﺎم ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺎﺣﻴﺘﲔ اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ واﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫أوﻻ‪ :‬اﻟﺤﻴﺎة اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﳌﺎ ﺗﻮﱃ ﻫﺸﺎم)‪ (1‬اﳌﺆﻳﺪ ﺑﺎﷲ اﳊُﻜﻢ ﺑﺎﻷﻧﺪﻟﺲ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪366‬ه‪ ٬‬ﺗﺪﻫﻮرت اﻷﻣﻮر اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﰲ اﻟﺒﻼد‪٬‬‬
‫ﻷﻧﻪ ﺑﻮﻳﻊ وﻫﻮ ﺻﻐﲑ‪ ٬‬ﻋﻤﺮﻩ ﻋﺸﺮة أﻋﻮام وأﺷﻬﺮ‪ ٬‬ﻓﻘﻔﺰ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲ)‪ (2‬إﱃ اﳊُﻜﻢ واﺳﺘﻮﱃ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫اﻟﺪوﻟﺔ‪ ٬‬ﻓﺄﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺮاﺗﺐ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء‪ ٬‬وﻗﻤﻊ أﻫﻞ اﻟﺒﺪع‪ ٬‬وﻛﺎن ذا ﻋﻘﻞ ورأي وﺷﺠﺎﻋﺔ وﺑﺼﺮ ﺑﺎﳊﺮوب ودﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺘﲔ )‪.(3‬‬
‫ﻓﻈﻠﺖ اﻷﻧﺪﻟﺲ ﰲ ﻣﺪة ﺧﻼﻓﺘﻪ ﰲ ﻋﺰة وﻗﻮة‪ ٬‬واﺳﺘﻘﺮار ﰲ اﻟﺪاﺧﻞ‪ ٬‬واﻓﺘﺘﺎح ﻟﻠﺒﻠﺪان ﰲ اﳋﺎرج‬
‫وﺑﻌﺪ وﻓﺎﺗـﻪ رﺟﻌﺖ اﳋﻼﻓـﺔ إﱃ ﻫﺸﺎم ﺑﻦ اﳊﻜﻢ‪ ٬‬ﻓﺠﻠﺲ ﻟﻠﻨﺎس وﺟﺪدت ﻟﻪ اﻟﺒﻴﻌﺔ‪ ٬‬ﻟﻜﻨ ـﻪ ﺗﻨﺎزل ﻋـﻦ‬

‫)‪ (1‬ﻫﻮ ﻫﺸﺎم ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﺮﲪﺎن ﺑﻦ اﳌﺘﻨﺼﺮ ﺑﺎﷲ ﺑﻦ اﻟﻨﺎﺻﺮ‪ ٬‬ﻳﻠﻘﺐ ﺑﺎﳌﺆﻳﺪ ﺑﺎﷲ‪ ٬‬ﻳﻜﲎ‪ :‬أﺑﺎ اﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ‪ ٬‬اﻷﻣﻮي‪ ٬‬اﻷﻧﺪﻟﺴﻲ‪ ٬‬وﻟﺪ ﺳﻨﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪354‬ه ﺑﻘﺮﻃﺒﺔ‪ ٬‬وﱃ اﻷﻣﺮ ﺑﻌﺪ واﻟﺪﻩ ﺳﻨﺔ‪366 :‬ه‪ ٬‬ﻛﺎن اﻟﻌﺎﺷﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻠﻮك ﺑﲏ أﻣﻴﺔ‪ ٬‬ﺑُﻮﻳّﻊ وﻫﻮ ﺻﻐﲑ‪ ٬‬ﻋﻤﺮﻩ ﻋﺸﺮة أﻋﻮام وأﺷﻬﺮ‪٬‬‬
‫ﻓﻜﺎن ﺿﻌﻴﻒ اﻟﺮأي أﺧﺮق ﳏﺠﻮرا ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ٬‬ﻗﻴﻞ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺳﻨﺔ‪402 :‬ه‪ .‬ﻳﻨﻈﺮ ﺗﺮﲨﺘﻪ ﰲ‪ :‬ﺟﺬوة اﳌﻘﺘﺒﺲ ﰲ ذﻛﺮ وﻻة اﻷﻧﺪﻟﺲ‪ ٬‬أﰊ ﻋﺒﺪ‬
‫اﷲ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ أﰊ ﻧﺼﺮ ﻓﺘﻮح ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲ اﻷزدي‪ ٬‬اﻟﺪار اﳌﺼﺮﻳﺔ‪ ٬‬اﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮة‪) ٬‬د‪.‬ط(‪1996 ٬‬م‪ ٬‬ص‪.37-17‬‬
‫)‪ (2‬ﻫﻮ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲ ﺑﻦ أﰊ ﻋﺎﻣﺮ‪ ٬‬ﻳﻜﲎ أﺑﺎ ﻋﺎﻣﺮ‪ ٬‬أﻣﲑ اﻷﻧﺪﻟﺲ ﰲ دوﻟﺔ ﻫﺸﺎم اﳌﺆﻳﺪ‪ ٬‬ﻃﻠﺐ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ واﻷدب‪ ٬‬وﲰﻊ اﳊﺪﻳﺚ‪٬‬‬
‫وﲤﻴﺰ ﰲ ذﻟﻚ‪ ٬‬وﻛﺎن ذا ﺷﺠﺎﻋﺔ‪ ٬‬وﺑﺼﺮ ﺑﺎﳉﻬﺎد واﻟﻔﺘﻮﺣﺎت‪ ٬‬ﻣﺎت ﺳﻨﺔ‪393 :‬ه‪ .‬ﻳﻨﻈﺮ ﺗﺮﲨﺘﻪ ﰲ‪ :‬أﻋﻤﺎل اﻷﻋﻼم ﰲ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻮﻳﻊ ﻗﺒﻞ‬
‫اﻻﺣﺘﻼم ﻣﻦ ﻣﻠﻮك اﻹﺳﻼم‪ ٬‬ﻟﺴﺎن اﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺑﻦ اﳋﻄﻴﺐ اﻟﺘﻠﻤﺴﺎﱐ‪ ٬‬ﲢﻘﻴﻖ‪ :‬ﻟﻴﻔﻲ ﺑﺮوﻓﻨﺴﺎل‪ ٬‬دار اﳌﻜﺸﻮف‪ ٬‬ﺑﲑوت‪ ٬‬ﻟﺒﻨﺎن‪ ٬‬ط‪٬2‬‬
‫ﺳﻨﺔ‪1956 :‬م‪ ٬‬ص‪.59‬‬
‫)‪ (3‬ﻧﻔﺢ اﻟﻄﻴﺐ ﻣﻦ ﻏﺼﻦ اﻷﻧﺪﻟﺲ اﻟﺮﻃﻴﺐ‪ ٬‬أﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ اﳌﻘﺮئ اﻟﺘﻠﻤﺴﺎﱐ‪ ٬‬ﲢﻘﻴﻖ‪ :‬إﺣﺴﺎن ﻋﺒﺎس‪ ٬‬دار ﺻﺎدر‪ ٬‬ﺑﲑوت‪٬‬‬
‫)د‪.‬ط(‪1388 ٬‬ه‪1968/‬م‪.396/1 ٬‬‬
‫‪18‬‬
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‫‪Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original documents. Compatible across‬‬
‫‪nearly all Windows platforms, simply open the document you want to convert, click “print”, select the‬‬
‫!‪“Broadgun pdfMachine printer” and that’s it! Get yours now‬‬
‫ﻣﺪﺧ ـ ـ ـﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼـ ـ ـﻞ اﻷول‪:‬‬

‫اﳊُﻜﻢ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﻌﲔ ﺑﺎﷲ)‪ (1‬اﻟﺬي دﺧﻞ ﻗﺮﻃﺒﺔ)‪ (2‬ﻋﻨﻮة ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ 403‬ﻫـ‪ ٬‬واﺳﺘﻤﺮ ﰲ وﻻﻳﺘﻬﺎ إﱃ أن ﻗُﺘﻞ ﺳﻨﺔ‬
‫‪407‬هـ)‪ ٬(3‬ﰒ ﻇﻬﺮت ﻋﺪت ﺧﻼﻓﺎت ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺗﻮاﱄ اﳊُﻜﻢ‪ ٬‬ﺣﱴ اﻧﺘﻬﺖ دوﻟﺔ ﺑﲏ أﻣﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ‬
‫اﻷﻧﺪﻟﺲ‪ ٬‬وﺗﻔﺮق أﻫﻠﻬﺎ ﻓﺮﻗﺎً‪ ٬‬وﺗﻐﻠﺐ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﺟﻬﺔ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﺘﻐﻠﺐ‪ ٬‬وﺿﺒﻂ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﻐﻠﺐ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻐﻠﺐ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ٬‬وﺗﻘﺎﲰﻮا أﻟﻘﺎب اﳋﻼﻓﺔ )‪ ٬(4‬وﻫﻜﺬا دﺧﻠﺖ اﻷﻧﺪﻟﺲ ﻋﻬﺪ ﺗﻔﻜﻚ واﳓﻼل ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻲ ﻳﻌﺮف ﺑﻌﻬﺪ‬
‫اﻟﻄﻮاﺋﻒ‪ ٬‬ﲤﺰﻗﺖ ﻓﻴﻪ اﻟﺪوﻟﺔ اﻟﻮاﺣﺪة‪ ٬‬واﻧﻘﺴﻤﺖ إﱃ ﻋﺪة دوﻳﻼت ﻣﻨﻬﺎ اﻟﺪوﻟﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺮﻳﺔ‪ ٬‬اﻟﱵ ﻗﺎﻣﺖ‬
‫ﺗﻐﻤﺮﻩ اﻻﻧﻘﻼﺑﺎت اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ‪ ٬‬وﻛﺜﺮة‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫)‪(5‬‬
‫ﺑﺒﻠﻨﺴﻴﺔ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪412‬ﻫـ‪ ٬‬ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﺑﻌﺎم وﻟﺪ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎن ﺑﻦ ﳒﺎح ﰲ ﺟﻮء ُ‬
‫اﳊﺮوب واﻟﺘﺴﺎﺑﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ اﳊﻜﻢ‪ ٬‬ﻓﺸﻬﺪت اﻟﻔﱰة اﳌﻤﺘﺪة ﺑﲔ )‪495 -478‬ﻫـ( أﺣﺪاﺛﺎ ﺟﺴﺎﻣﺎ وأﻫﻮاﻻ‬
‫ﻻ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺗﺼﻮرﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﺘﻞ‪ ٬‬واﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳﻖ‪ ٬‬واﻟﺘﺨﺮﻳﺐ‪ ٬‬أﺻﺎب أﻫﻞ ﺑﻠﻨﺴﻴﺔ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﻼء ﻋﻈﻴﻢ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (1‬ﻫﻮ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎن ﺑﻦ اﳊﻜﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎن ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﺮﲪﺎن اﻟﻨﺎﺻﺮ‪ ٬‬اﻷﻣﻮي‪ ٬‬أﺑﻮ أﻳﻮب‪ ٬‬ﻣﻦ ﻣﻠﻮك اﻟﺪوﻟﺔ اﻷﻣﻮﻳﺔ ﰲ اﻷﻧﺪﻟﺲ‪ ٬‬ﺑﻮﻳﻊ‬
‫ﺳﻨﺔ‪399 :‬ه‪ ٬‬وﺗﻠﻘﺐ ﺑﺎﳌﺴﺘﻌﲔ ﺑﺎﷲ‪ ٬‬ﰒ دﺧﻞ ﻗﺮﻃﺒﺔ ﺳﻨﺔ‪400 :‬ه وﺗﻠﻘﺐ ﺣﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻈﺎﻓﺮ ﲝﻮل اﷲ‪ ٬‬ﰒ دﺧﻞ ﻗﺮﻃﺒﺔ ﺳﻨﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪403‬ه‪ ٬‬ﻓﻘﺘﻞ ﺎ ﺻﱪاً ﺳﻨﺔ‪407 :‬ه‪ .‬ﻳﻨﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺟﺬوة اﳌﻘﺘﺒﺲ ﰲ ذﻛﺮ وﻻة اﻷﻧﺪﻟﺲ‪ ٬‬أﰊ ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ أﰊ ﻧﺼﺮ ﻓﺘﻮح ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ‬
‫اﷲ اﻷزدي‪ ٬‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪ ٬‬ص‪.39‬‬
‫)‪ (2‬ﻗﺮﻃﺒﺔ‪ :‬ﺑﻀﻢ أوﻟﻪ وﺳﻜﻮن ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ‪ ٬‬وﺿﻢ اﻟﻄﺎء‪ ٬‬وﻫﻲ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻋﻈﻴﻤﺔ ﺑﺎﻷﻧﺪﻟﺲ وﺳﻂ ﺑﻼدﻫﺎ‪ ٬‬وﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺳﺮﻳﺮ ﻣﻠﻜﻬﺎ‪ ٬‬و ﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬
‫ﻣﻠﻮك ﺑﲏ أﻣﻴﺔ‪ ٬‬وﻣﻌﺪن اﻟﻔﻀﻼء‪ ٬‬وﻧﺒﻊ اﻟﻔﻀﻼء ﻣﻦ ذﻟﻚ اﻟﺼﻘﻊ‪ ٬‬وﻫﻲ أﻋﻈﻢ ﻣﺪن اﻷﻧﺪﻟﺲ ﰲ ﻛﺜﺮة اﻷﻫﻞ‪ ٬‬وﺳﻌﺔ اﻟﺮﻗﻌﺔ‪ .‬ﻣﻌﺠﻢ‬
‫اﻟﺒﻠﺪان‪ ٬‬ﻳﺎﻗﻮت ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲ اﳊﻤﻮي‪ ٬‬دار إﺣﻴﺎء اﻟﱰاث اﻟﻌﺮﰊ‪ ٬‬ﺑﲑوت‪ ٬‬ﻟﺒﻨﺎن‪) ٬‬د‪.‬ط(‪) ٬‬د‪.‬ت‪.‬ن(‪.325-324/4 ٬‬‬
‫)‪ (3‬أﻋﻤﺎل اﻷﻋﻼم ﰲ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻮﻳﻊ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻻﺣﺘﻼم ﻣﻦ ﻣﻠﻮك اﻹﺳﻼم‪ ٬‬ﻟﺴﺎن اﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺑﻦ اﳋﻄﻴﺐ اﻟﺘﻠﻤﺴﺎﱐ‪ ٬‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪ ٬‬ص‪.121‬‬
‫)‪ (4‬اﳌﻌﺠﺐ ﰲ ﺗﻠﺨﻴﺺ أﺧﺒﺎر اﳌﻐﺮب‪ ٬‬ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻮاﺣﺪ اﳌﺮاﻛﺸﻲ‪ ٬‬ﺷﺮﺣﻪ واﻋﺘﲎ ﺑﻪ‪ :‬ﺻﻼح اﻟﺪﻳﻦ اﳍﻮاري‪ ٬‬اﳌﻜﺘﺒﺔ اﻟﻌﺼﺮﻳﺔ‪ ٬‬ﺑﲑوت‪٬‬‬
‫ط‪ ٬1‬ﺳﻨﺔ‪1426 :‬ه‪2006/‬م‪ ٬‬ص‪.59‬‬
‫)‪ (5‬ﺑﻔﺘﺢ اﻟﺒﺎء اﳌﻮﺣﺪة وﻓﺘﺢ اﻟﻼم‪ ٬‬وﺳﻜﻮن اﻟﻨﻮن‪ ٬‬وﺑﺎﻟﺴﲔ اﳌﻬﻤﻠﺔ اﳌﻜﺴﻮرة وﻳﺎء ﺧﻔﻴﻔﺔ ﻣﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔ‪ ٬‬ﻛﻮرة‪ ٬‬ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻣﺸﻬﻮرة ﺷﺮﻗﻲ‬
‫ﻗﺮﻃﺒﺔ ﺑﺎﻷﻧﺪﻟﺲ‪ ٬‬ﺑﺮﻳﺔ وﲝﺮﻳﺔ‪ ٬‬وﺑﻠﻨﺴﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ أﻛﱪ ﻣﺪن اﻟﺴﺎﺣﻞ اﻟﺸﺮﻗﻲ ازدﻫﺎرا ﰲ اﻟﻌﺼﻮر اﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ إﱃ اﻟﺸﻤﺎل ﻣﻦ داﻧﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺷﺎﻃﺊ اﻟﺒﺤﺮ‪ ٬‬وﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﺴﻤﻰ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ اﻟﱰاب‪ ٬‬وﺗﻘﻊ ﺣﺎﻟﻴﺎ ﺷﺮق إﺳﺒﺎﻧﻴﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺎﺣﻞ اﻟﺒﺤﺮ اﳌﺘﻮﺳﻂ‪ .‬ﻳﻨﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﻣﻌﺠﻢ اﻟﺒﻠﺪان‪ ٬‬ﻳﺎﻗﻮت‬
‫ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲ اﳊﻤﻮي‪ ٬‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ ‪ ٬490/1 ٬‬ﻧﻔﺢ اﻟﻄﻴﺐ ﻣﻦ ﻏﺼﻦ اﻷﻧﺪﻟﺲ اﻟﺮﻃﻴﺐ‪ ٬‬أﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ اﳌﻘﺮي اﻟﺘﻠﻤﺴﺎﱐ‪ ٬‬ﲢﻘﻴﻖ‪:‬‬
‫إﺣﺴﺎن ﻋﺒﺎس‪ ٬‬دار ﺻﺎدر‪ ٬‬ﺑﲑوت‪) ٬‬د‪.‬ط(‪1388 ٬‬ه‪1968/‬م‪.166/1 ٬‬‬
‫‪19‬‬
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‫ﻣﺪﺧ ـ ـ ـﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼـ ـ ـﻞ اﻷول‪:‬‬

‫أﻣﺎ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ داﻧﻴﺔ)‪ (1‬اﻟﱵ اﺳﺘﻮﻃﻨﻬﺎ أﺑﻮ داود ﰲ اﻟﻌﻬﺪ اﻷﻣﻮي‪ ٬‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﺗﻌﺎﻇﻢ ﺷﺄ ﺎ ﰲ أﻳﺎم ﻣﻠﻮك‬
‫اﻟﻄﻮاﺋﻒ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺳﻘﻮط اﳋﻼﻓﺔ؛ إذ اﺳﺘﻮﱃ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﳎﺎﻫﺪ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺮي)‪ ٬(2‬اﻟﺬي ﻛﺎن ﻣﺴﺎرﻋﺎ ﰲ ﺗﻜﺮﱘ‬
‫اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء‪ ٬‬راﻏﺒﺎ ﰲ رﻋﺎﻳﺘﻬﻢ وﺗﺸﺠﻴﻌﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ واﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ‪ ٬‬ﻓﺎﺟﺘﻤﻊ ﲨﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء ﰲ ﻇﻞ ﺳﻠﻄﺎﻧﻪ‪٬‬‬
‫ودﻓﻌﻬﻢ ﻟﻠﺘﺼﻨﻴﻒ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ ٬‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺑﺬل أﻣﻮال ﲨﺔ ﰲ اﻗﺘﻨﺎء اﻟﻜﺘﺐ‪ ٬‬واﻟﺴﻌﻲ ﰲ اﺟﺘﻼ ﺎ ﻣﻦ ﳐﺘﻠﻒ اﳌﺪن‬
‫واﻷﻗﻄﺎر‪ ٬‬ﺣﱴ اﺟﺘﻤﻊ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻟﺪﻳﻪ ﺧﺰاﺋﻦ ﻋﻈﻴﻤﺔ‪.‬‬
‫وﲨﻊ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﻣﺎ ﱂ ﳚﻤﻌﻪ أﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻈﺮاﺋﻪ‪ ٬‬وأﺗﺖ إﻟﻴﻪ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء ﻣﻦ ﻛﻞ ﺻﻘﻊ‪ ٬‬ﻓﺎﺟﺘﻤﻊ ﺑﻔﻨﺎﺋﻪ‬
‫ﲨﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺸﻴﺨﺘﻬﻢ وﻣﺸﻬﻮر ﻃﺒﻘﺎ ﻢ؛ ﻛﺄﰊ ﻋﻤﺮو اﳌﻘﺮئ‪ ٬‬واﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﱪ‪ ٬‬وﻏﲑﳘﺎ‪ ٬‬ﻓﺸﺎع اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﰲ‬
‫ﺣﻀﺮﺗﻪ‪ ٬‬ﺣﱴ ﻓﺸﺎ ﰲ ﺟﻮارﻳﻪ وﻏﻠﻤﺎﻧﻪ‪ ٬‬ﻓﻜﺎن ﻟﻪ ﻣﻦ اﳌﺼﻨﻔﲔ ﻋﺪة ﻳﻘﻮﻣﻮن ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺮاءة اﻟﻘﺮآن‪٬‬‬
‫وﻳﺸﺎرﻛﻮن ﰲ ﻓﻨﻮن ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ )‪.(3‬‬
‫وذُﻛِﺮ أن أﺑﺎ داود ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎن ﺑﻦ ﳒﺎح ﻛﺎن ﻣﻦ ﻣﻮاﻟﻴﻪ ﻓﺤﻴﻨﺌﺬ ﻻ ﺷﻚ أﻧﻪ اﺳﺘﻔﺎد ﻣﻨﻪ وﻣﻦ ﻛﺘﺒﻪ)‪.(4‬‬
‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎ‪ :‬اﻟﺤﻴﺎة اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫إذا ﻛﺎن ﻋﺼﺮ اﻹﻣﺎم اﺑﻦ ﳒﺎح ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻴﺎً ﺗﺮاوح ﺑﲔ ﻗﻮة وﺿﻌﻒ‪ ٬‬ﻓﺈن ﻧﺼﻴﺐ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻌﺼﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻠﻢ‬
‫ﻆ‪ ٬‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﻛﺎن ﻣﻌﻈﻢ ﻣﻠﻮك ورؤﺳﺎء اﻟﻄﻮاﺋﻒ ﻣﻦ أﻛﺎﺑﺮ اﻷدﺑﺎء واﻟﺸﻌﺮاء‪ ٬‬وﻛﺎﻧﻮا ﻳﺘﻨﺎﻓﺴﻮن ﰲ‬‫ﻛﺎن أﺣ ّ‬
‫إﻇﻬﺎر إﻣﺎرا ﻢ ﲟﻈﻬﺮ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ واﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ‪ ٬‬ﻓﻜﺎﻧﺖ ﻗﺼﻮرﻫﻢ ﳎﻤﻊ اﻟﻌﻠﻮم واﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺎت‪ ٬‬وﺑﺬﻟﻚ ازدﻫﺮت اﳊﻴﺎة‬
‫اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ وﻧﺒﻎ ﲨﻬﺮة ﻋﻈﻴﻤﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء ﰲ ﳐﺘﻠﻒ اﻟﻌﻠﻮم واﻟﺘﺨﺼﺼﺎت‪ ٬‬ﻓﻨﺸﻄﺖ اﻟﺮﺣﻼت اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‬

‫)‪ (1‬داﻧﻴﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻷﻟﻒ واﻟﻨﻮن ﻣﻜﺴﻮرة‪ ٬‬ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﻳﺎء ﻣﺜﻨﺎة ﻣﻦ ﲢﺖ ﻣﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔ‪ :‬ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺑﺎﻷﻧﺪﻟﺲ ﻣﻦ أﻋﻤﺎل ﺑﻠﻨﺴﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺿﻔﺔ اﻟﺒﺤﺮ‬
‫ﺷﺮﻗﺎ‪ ٬‬وﻫﻲ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺗﻘﻊ ﰲ ﻣﻘﺎﻃﻌﺔ ﻟﻘﻨﺖ ﺟﻨﻮب ﺷﺮق إﺳﺒﺎﻧﻴﺎ‪ .‬ﻳﻨﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﻣﻌﺠﻢ اﻟﺒﻠﺪان‪ ٬‬ﻳﺎﻗﻮت ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲ اﳊﻤﻮي‪ ٬‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪٬‬‬
‫‪.434/2‬‬
‫)‪ (2‬ﻫﻮ ﳎﺎﻫﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺮي‪ ٬‬أﺑﻮ اﳉﻴﺶ‪ ٬‬ﻣﺆﺳﺲ اﻟﺪوﻟﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺮﻳﺔ ﰲ داﻧﻴﺔ وﻣﻴﻮرﻗﺔ وأﻃﺮاﻓﻬﻤﺎ‪ ٬‬روﻣﻲ اﻷﺻﻞ‪ ٬‬وﻟﺪ‬
‫ﺑﻘﺮﻃﺒﺔ‪ ٬‬ورﺑﺎﻩ اﳌﻨﺼﻮر ﺑﻦ أﰊ ﻋﺎﻣﺮ ﻣﻊ ﻣﻮاﻟﻴﻪ‪ ٬‬وﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻠﻮك اﻟﻄﻮاﺋﻒ ﺑﺎﻷﻧﺪﻟﺲ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻧﻘﺮاض اﻟﺪوﻟﺔ اﻷﻣﻮﻳﺔ‪ ٬‬ﻛﺎن ﺣﺎزﻣﺎ ﻳﻘﻈﺎ‬
‫ﺷﺠﺎﻋﺎ ﻋﺎرﻓﺎ ﺑﺎﻷدب وﻋﻠﻮم اﻟﻘﺮآن‪ ٬‬ﻣﺎت ﺳﻨﺔ‪436 :‬ه‪ .‬ﻳﻨﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺑﻐﻴﺔ اﳌﻠﺘﻤﺲ ﰲ ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ رﺟﺎل أﻫﻞ اﻷﻧﺪﻟﺲ‪ ٬‬أﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﳛﲕ ﻳﻦ‬
‫أﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﲑة اﻟﻀﺐ‪ ٬‬ﲢﻘﻴﻖ‪ :‬إﺑﺮاﻫﻴﻢ اﻷﺑﻴﺎري‪ ٬‬دار اﻟﻜﺘﺎب اﳌﺼﺮي‪ ٬‬اﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮة‪ ٬‬ودار اﻟﻜﺘﺎب اﻟﻠﺒﻨﺎﱐ‪ ٬‬ﺑﲑوت‪ ٬‬ط‪ ٬1‬ﺳﻨﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪1410‬ه‪1989/‬م‪.632/2 ٬‬‬
‫)‪ (3‬أﻋﻤﺎل اﻷﻋﻼم ﰲ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻮﻳﻊ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻻﺣﺘﻼم ﻣﻦ ﻣﻠﻮك اﻹﺳﻼم‪ ٬‬ﻟﺴﺎن اﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺑﻦ اﳋﻄﻴﺐ اﻟﺘﻠﻤﺴﺎﱐ‪ ٬‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪ ٬‬ص‪.553‬‬
‫)‪ (4‬ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ اﺑﻦ ﺧﻠﺪون‪ ٬‬ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﺮﲪﺎن ﺑﻦ ﺧﻠﺪون‪ ٬‬ﲢﻘﻴﻖ‪ :‬ﺧﻠﻴﻞ ﺷﺤﺎدﻩ‪ ٬‬وﺳﻬﻴﻞ زﻛﺎر‪ ٬‬دار اﻟﻔﻜﺮ‪ ٬‬ﺑﲑوت‪ ٬‬ﻟﺒﻨﺎن‪) ٬‬د‪.‬ط(‪٬‬‬
‫‪1431‬ه‪2001/‬م‪.553 /1 ٬‬‬

‫‪20‬‬
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‫!‪A pdf writer that produces quality PDF files with ease‬‬
‫‪Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original documents. Compatible across‬‬
‫‪nearly all Windows platforms, simply open the document you want to convert, click “print”, select the‬‬
‫!‪“Broadgun pdfMachine printer” and that’s it! Get yours now‬‬
‫ﻣﺪﺧ ـ ـ ـﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼـ ـ ـﻞ اﻷول‪:‬‬

‫ﺑﲔ اﻷﻧﺪﻟﺲ واﳌﺸﺮق ﻗﺼﺪ ﲢﺼﻴﻞ اﻟﻌﻠﻮم واﳌﻌﺎرف‪ ٬‬وﻗﺼﺪ اﻟﻠﻘﺎء ﺑﺄﻛﺎﺑﺮ ﻋﻠﻤﺎء اﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﰲ اﳌﺸﺮق‬
‫واﻷﺧﺬ ﻋﻨﻬﻢ‪ ٬‬وﻧﻘﻞ ﻛﺘﺒﻬﻢ وﻣﺼﻨﻔﺎ ﻢ إﱃ اﻷﻧﺪﻟﺲ‪ ٬‬ﻓﻜﺎن ﳍﺬا اﻟﻠﻮن ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺸﺎط اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﲦﺮﺗﺎن‬
‫ﻣﺒﺎرﻛﺘﺎن ﳘﺎ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﳛﻤﻠﻪ اﻟﻌﺎﱂ ﰲ ﺻﺪرﻩ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻠﻢ وﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ إﱃ اﻟﺒﻼد‪ ٬‬وﻣﺎ ﻳﻨﻘﻠﻪ ﻣﻌﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺘﺐ وﻣﺼﻨﻔﺎت‬
‫ﻗﻴﱢﻤﺔ‪ ٬‬ﻓﺒﻠﻐﺖ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺑﻠﻨﺴﻴﺔ ﻣﺒﻠﻐﺎً ﻛﺒﲑاً ﰲ ﺗﻨﺸﻴﻂ اﳊﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‪ ٬‬واﺳﺘﻘﺒﻠﺖ ﻛﺒﺎر اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء ﻣﻦ ﳐﺘﻠﻒ‬
‫اﻷﻗﻄﺎر‪ ٬‬ﻓﺄﺛﱠﺮوا ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﺸﺎﻃﻬﺎ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﺗﻌﻠﻤﺎً وﺗﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎً‪ ٬‬وﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﺑﺮﻋﺖ اﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﰲ ﳐﺘﻠﻒ اﻟﻌﻠﻮم واﻟﻔﻨﻮن‬
‫و ﻴﺄ ﳍﺎ ﰲ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺑﻠﻨﺴﻴﺔ‪ -‬ﻣﻮﻃﻦ أﰊ داود‪ -‬ﻋﺪد ﻛﺒﲑ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء اﻷﺟﻼء‪ ٬‬ﻓﺘﻮﻓﺮ ﻷﰊ داود ﻃﺎﺋﻔﺔ‬
‫ﻛﺒﲑة ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء واﳊﻔﺎظ‪ ٬‬وﻛﻠﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ذوي اﻟﺘﺼﺎﻧﻴﻒ ﰲ ﳐﺘﻠﻒ ﻓﻨﻮن اﻟﻌﻠﻢ واﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ‪ ٬‬وﻛﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ‬
‫ُو ِﺻﻒ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻠﻢ واﻟﻔﻀﻞ‪ ٬‬وﻧُﻌِﺖ ﺑﺎﻟﺮواﻳﺔ واﻟﺪراﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﺮع اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻪ اﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫وﺗﺸﻤﻞ‪ :‬اﲰﻪ وﻣﻮﻟﺪﻩ‪ ٬‬ﻛﻨﻴﺘﻪ وﻧﺴﺒﻪ‪ ٬‬أﺻﻠﻪ وﻣﺬﻫﺒﻪ‪.‬‬
‫أوﻻ‪ :‬اﺳﻤﻪ)‪ :(1‬ﻫﻮ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎن ﺑﻦ أﰊ اﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ ﳒﺎح‪ ٬‬ﻣﻮﱃ اﳌﺆﻳﺪ ﺑﺎﷲ ﻫﺸﺎم ﺑﻦ اﳊﻜﻢ‪ ٬‬اﻷﻧﺪﻟﺴﻲ‪٬‬‬
‫اﻟﻘﺮﻃﱯ‪ ٬‬ﻧﺰﻳﻞ داﻧﻴﺔ‪ ٬‬وﺑﻠﻨﺴﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎ‪ :‬ﻣﻮﻟﺪﻩ‪ :‬وﻟﺪ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺛﻼث ﻋﺸﺮة وأرﺑﻌﻤﺎﺋﺔ ﻫﺠﺮﻳﺔ )‪.(2‬‬
‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﺎ‪:‬ﻛﻨﻴﺘﻪ‪ :‬ﻳﻜﲎ ﺑﺄﰊ داود‪.‬‬
‫راﺑﻌﺎ‪ :‬ﻧﺴﺒﻪ‪ :‬اﻷﻧﺪﻟﺴﻲ‪ ٬‬ﻷﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ أﻫﻞ اﻷﻧﺪﻟﺲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﻧُﺴﺐ إﱃ ﻫﺸﺎم ﺑﻦ اﳊﻜﻢ اﳌﺆﻳﺪ ﺑﺎﷲ‪ ٬‬ﻓﻴﻘﺎل‪ :‬أﺑﻮ داود اﳌﺆﻳﺪي‪ ٬‬أو ﻣﻮﱃ اﳌﺆﻳﺪ ﺑﺎﷲ‪.‬‬
‫وﻧُﺴﺐ أﻳﻀﺎ إﱃ ﺑﲏ أﻣﻴﺔ‪ ٬‬ﻓﻘﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎن ﺑﻦ أﰊ اﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ اﻷﻣﻮي‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺘﺴﻤﻴﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﻷﻣﻮي؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻛﺎن ﻣﻦ ﻣﻮاﱄ ﺑﲏ أﻣﻴﺔ‪ ٬‬وﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ اﻷﻣﻮي ﺗﻄﻠﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﻣﻮي ﻣﻦ اﻟﺼﻠﺐ‬

‫)‪ (1‬ﻳﻨﻈﺮ ﺗﺮﲨﺘﻪ ﰲ‪ :‬ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ اﻟﻘﺮاء اﻟﻜﺒﺎر ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻄﺒﻘﺎت واﻷﻋﺼﺎر‪ ٬‬ﴰﺲ اﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ أﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺜﻤﺎن اﻟﺬﻫﱯ‪ ٬‬ﲢﻘﻴﻖ‪ :‬ﺑﺸﺎر‬
‫ﻋﻮاد ﻣﻌﺮوف وآﺧﺮون‪ ٬‬ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺔ اﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ‪ ٬‬ﺑﲑوت‪ ٬‬ط‪ ٬2‬ﺳﻨﺔ‪1408 :‬ه‪1988/‬م‪ ٬862/2 ٬‬واﻟﺼﻠﺔ ﰲ ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ أﺋﻤﺔ اﻷﻧﺪﻟﺲ‬
‫وﻋﻠﻤﺎﺋﻬﻢ وﳏﺪﺛﻴﻬﻢ وﻓﻘﻬﺎﺋﻬﻢ وأدﺑﺎﺋﻬﻢ‪ ٬‬أﺑﻮ اﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺑﺸﻜﻮال‪ ٬‬ﺣﻘﻘﻪ وﻋﻠﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ :‬ﺑﺸﺎر ﻋﻮاد ﳐﻠﻮف‪ ٬‬دار اﻟﻐﺮب اﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ‪٬‬‬
‫ﺗﻮﻧﺲ‪ ٬‬ط‪ ٬1‬ﺳﻨﺔ‪2010 :‬م‪.279/1 ٬‬‬
‫)‪ (2‬ﻏﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﰲ ﻃﺒﻘﺎت اﻟﻘﺮاء‪ ٬‬ﴰﺲ اﻟﺪﻳﻦ أﰊ اﳋﲑ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ اﳉﺰري‪ ٬‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪.287/1 ٬‬‬
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‫ﻣﺪﺧ ـ ـ ـﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼـ ـ ـﻞ اﻷول‪:‬‬

‫وﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮاﱄ اﻷﻣﻮﻳﲔ‪ ٬‬وأﺑﻮ داود ﻛﺎن أﺑﻮﻩ ﻣﻮﱃ‪ ٬‬وأﻋﺘﻘﻪ ﻫﺸﺎم )‪.(1‬‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﻧُﺴﺐ إﱃ ﻣﻮاﱄ ﳎﺎﻫﺪ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺮي‪ ٬‬ﻓﻴﻘﺎل‪ :‬أﺑﻮ داود ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎن ﺑﻦ ﳒﺎح ﻣﻦ ﻣﻮاﱄ ﳎﺎﻫﺪ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺮي‪٬‬‬
‫واﻷوﱃ أﺷﻬﺮ‪ ٬‬و ﺎ ﻳﻌﺮف)‪.(2‬‬
‫ﺧﺎﻣﺴﺎ‪ :‬أﺻﻠﻪ‪ :‬أﺻﻞ أﰊ داود ﻣﻦ ﺑﻠﻨﺴﻴﺔ‪ ٬‬وﻫﻮ ﻣﻌﺪود ﻣﻦ أﻫﻠﻬﺎ‪ ٬‬ووﻻؤﻩ ﰲ ﺑﲏ أﻣﻴﺔ‪ ٬‬وﻫﻮ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎن‬
‫ﺑﻦ أﰊ اﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ ﳒﺎح‪ ٬‬ﻣﻦ أﻫﻞ ﺑﻠﻨﺴﻴﺔ‪ ٬‬ﻳﻜﲎ‪ :‬أﺑﺎ داود‪ ٬‬وﳒﺎح أﺑﻮﻩ‪ ٬‬ﻛﺎن ﻣﻮﱃ اﳌﺆﻳّﺪ ﺑﺎﷲ ﻫﺸﺎم أﻣﲑ‬
‫اﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ؛ ﻷن ﻫﺸﺎم ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﻫﻮ اﻟﺬي أﻋﺘﻖ ﳒﺎﺣﺎ أﺑﺎ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎن)‪.(3‬‬
‫ﺳﺎدﺳﺎ‪ :‬ﻣﺬﻫﺒﻪ‪ :‬ﳑﺎ ﻳﻼﺣﻆ ﻋﻠﻰ اﳌﺆﻟﻒ أﰊ داود ﻧﺰوﻋﻪ اﻟﺸﺪﻳﺪ إﱃ ﻣﺬﻫﺐ اﳌﺎﻟﻜﻴﺔ‪ ٬‬وﻟﻘﺪ ﺗﺄﺛﺮ ﺬا‬
‫اﳌﺬﻫﺐ ﺗﺄﺛﺮاً ﻛﺒﲑاً‪ ٬‬وﺳﺮى ﻟﻪ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺘﺄﺛﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺜﺮة ﻣﻼزﻣﺘﻪ ﻟﺸﻴﻮﺧﻪ ﻛﺄﰊ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﱪ‪ ٬‬وأﰊ ﻋﻤﺮو‬
‫اﻟﺪاﱐ‪ ٬‬وأﰊ اﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ اﻟﺒﺎﺟﻲ وﻏﲑﻫﻢ‪ ٬‬وﻷن اﳌﺬﻫﺐ اﳌﺎﻟﻜﻲ ﺳﺎد ﰲ اﻷﻧﺪﻟﺲ ﰲ ﻋﺼﺮ اﳌﺆﻟﻒ‪ ٬‬وﻳﺘﺠﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻧﺰوﻋﻪ إﱃ ﻫﺬا اﳌﺬﻫﺐ ﰲ ﻛﻼﻣﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺒﺴﻤﻠﺔ أول ﺳﻮرة اﻟﻔﺎﲢﺔ ﰲ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ‪ :‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ اﻟﺘﺒﻴﲔ‪٬‬‬
‫ﻓﺬﻫﺐ ﳚﻤﻊ اﻷدﻟﺔ ﻟﲑﺟﺢ أن اﻟﺒﺴﻤﻠﺔ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ آﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻓﺎﲢﺔ اﻟﻜﺘﺎب)‪.(4‬‬

‫)‪ (1‬ﻳﻨﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﳐﺘﺼﺮ اﻟﺘﺒﻴﲔ ﳍﺠﺎء اﻟﺘﻨﺰﻳﻞ‪ ٬‬أﺑﻮ داود ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎن ﺑﻦ ﳒﺎح‪ ٬‬دراﺳﺔ وﲢﻘﻴﻖ‪ :‬أﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻌﻤﺮ ﺷﺮﺷﺎل‪ ٬‬ﻃﺒﻊ ﳎﻤﻊ‬
‫اﳌﻠﻚ ﻓﻬﺪ ﻟﻄﺒﺎﻋﺔ اﳌﺼﺤﻒ اﻟﺸﺮﻳﻒ ﺑﺎﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ اﻟﻨﺒﻮﻳﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌﺎون ﻣﻊ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ اﳌﻠﻚ ﻓﻴﺼﻞ ﻟﻠﺒﺤﻮث واﻟﺪراﺳﺎت اﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ‪ ٬‬اﻟﺮﻳﺎض‪ ٬‬ط‪1‬‬
‫ﺳﻨﺔ‪1423 :‬ﻫـ‪2002/‬م )ﻗﺴﻢ اﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ(‪ ٬‬ص‪.67‬‬
‫)‪ (2‬ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ اﺑﻦ ﺧﻠﺪون‪ ٬‬ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﺮﲪﺎن ﺑﻦ ﺧﻠﺪون‪ ٬‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪.553/1 ٬‬‬
‫)‪ (3‬اﻟﺘﺒﻴﺎن ﰲ ﺷﺮح ﻣﻮرد اﻟﻈﻤﺂن‪ ٬‬ﻷﰊ ﳏﻤﺪ ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ اﻟﺼﻨﻬﺎﺟﻲ اﳌﻌﺮوف ﺑﺎﺑﻦ آﺟﻄﺎ‪ ٬‬ﻣﻦ أول اﻟﻜﺘﺎب إﱃ ﺎﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ اﳊﺬف ﰲ اﻟﺮﺳﻢ‪ ٬‬رﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﺎﺟﺴﺘﲑ ﺑﺎﳉﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ اﻟﻨﺒﻮﻳﺔ‪ ٬‬ﲢﻘﻴﻖ‪ :‬ﻋﺒﺪ اﳊﻔﻴﻆ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﻧﻮر ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ اﳍﻨﺪي‪٬‬‬
‫ﻧﻮﻗﺸﺖ ﺳﻨﺔ‪1422-1421 :‬ه‪2002-2001/‬م‪ ٬‬ص‪.117‬‬
‫)‪ (4‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ اﻟﺘﺒﻴﲔ ﳍﺠﺎء اﻟﺘﻨﺰﻳﻞ‪ ٬‬أﺑﻮ داود ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎن ﺑﻦ ﳒﺎح‪ ٬‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪.20 -15/2 ٬‬‬
‫‪22‬‬
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‫!‪A pdf writer that produces quality PDF files with ease‬‬
‫‪Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original documents. Compatible across‬‬
‫‪nearly all Windows platforms, simply open the document you want to convert, click “print”, select the‬‬
‫!‪“Broadgun pdfMachine printer” and that’s it! Get yours now‬‬
‫ﻣﺪﺧ ـ ـ ـﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼـ ـ ـﻞ اﻷول‪:‬‬

‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﺐ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻪ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫إن اﻫﺘﻤﺎﻣﻨﺎ ﺑﺎﳉﺎﻧﺐ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺔ اﻹﻣﺎم أﺑﻮ داود‪ ٬‬ﳚﻌﻠﻨﺎ ﻧﻌﻜﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻴﻮﺧﻪ اﻟﺬﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺗﻠﻘﻰ ﻋﻨﻬﻢ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‪ ٬‬ﻓﻘﺪ ُﺣ ِﻈﻲ اﻟﺰﻣﻦ اﻟﺬي ﻋﺎش ﻓﻴﻪ أﺑﻮ داود ﺑﻌﻠﻤﺎء ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﻮن ﻣﻦ ﻛﻞ ﺟﺎﻧﺐ‬
‫وﺑﺎرﻋﻮن ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﻓﻦ‪ ٬‬ﻓﺴﺄذﻛﺮ ﰲ ﻫﺬا اﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺷﻴﻮﺧﻪ اﻟﺬﻳﻦ أﺧﺬ ﻋﻨﻬﻢ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‪ ٬‬ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ إﱃ‬
‫ذﻛﺮ اﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻼﻣﻴﺬﻩ اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻃﻠﺒﻮا اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ‪ ٬‬واﺳﺘﻘﻮا ﻣﻦ ﻠﻪ اﻟﺼﺎﰲ‪ ٬‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺳﺄذﻛﺮ ﺑﻌﺾ‬
‫ﻣﺆﻟﻔﺎﺗﻪ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﺮع اﻷول‪ :‬ﺷﻴﻮﺧﻪ‪:‬‬
‫أﺧﺬ أﺑﻮ داود اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻋﻦ ﲨﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ اﳌﺸﺎﻳﺦ وﻛﺒﺎر اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء ﰲ زﻣﺎﻧﻪ‪ ٬‬ﻣﻨﻬﻢ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ‬أﺑﻮ ﻋﻤﺮو اﻟﺪاﻧﻲ)‪:(1‬‬
‫ﻫﻮ ﻋﺜﻤﺎن ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺜﻤﺎن اﻷﻣﻮي‪ ٬‬اﳌﻌﺮوف ﺑﺎﻟﺼﲑﰲ‪ ٬‬وﻟﺪ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪371‬ه‪ ٬‬ﻛﺎن أﺣﺪ اﻷﺋﻤﺔ‬
‫ﰲ ﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﻘﺮآن‪ :‬رواﻳﺘﻪ وﺗﻔﺴﲑﻩ وﻣﻌﺎﻧﻴﻪ وإﻋﺮاﺑﻪ‪ ٬‬وﻟﻪ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺗﺎﻣﺔ ﺑﺎﳊﺪﻳﺚ وﻋﻠﻮﻣﻪ‪ ٬‬وﻛﺎن دﻳﻨﺎ ﻓﺎﺿﻼ‬
‫ورﻋﺎً ﳎﺎب اﻟﺪﻋﺎء‪ ٬‬رﺣﻞ وﻃﻠﺐ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‪ ٬‬ﻓﺘﻔﻘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺪة ﺷﻴﻮ‪ J‬ﻣﻨﻬﻢ‪ :‬اﺑﻦ ﻏﻠﺒﻮن ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﳌﻨﻌﻢ)‪٬(2‬‬
‫وﻟﻪ ﻣﺼﻨﻔﺎت ﻋﺪﻳﺪة ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ :‬اﶈﻜﻢ ﰲ ﻧﻘﻂ اﳌﺼﺎﺣﻒ‪ ٬‬ﻣﺎت ﺳﻨﺔ‪444 :‬ه‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬اﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﺒﺮ)‪:(3‬‬
‫ﻫﻮ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﱪ اﻟﻨﻤﺮي‪ ٬‬وﻟﺪ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪368‬ه‪ ٬‬وﻫﻮ ﺷﻴﺦ ﻋﻠﻤﺎء‬
‫اﻷﻧﺪﻟﺲ‪ ٬‬وﻛﺒﲑ ﳏﺪﺛﻴﻬﺎ ﰲ وﻗﺘﻪ‪ ٬‬ﺗﺮدد ﻳﺪ ﱢرس وﻳﻘﺮئ ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ داﻧﻴﺔ وﺑﻠﻨﺴﻴﺔ ‪-‬ﻣﻮﻃﻦ أﰊ داود‪ -‬ﻓﺴﻤﻊ‬

‫)‪ (1‬ﻳﻨﻈﺮ ﺗﺮﲨﺘﻪ ﰲ‪ :‬ﻏﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﰲ ﻃﺒﻘﺎت اﻟﻘﺮاء‪ ٬‬ﴰﺲ اﻟﺪﻳﻦ أﰊ اﳋﲑ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ اﳉﺰري‪ ٬‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ‬
‫ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪ ٬447/1 ٬‬اﻟﺼﻠﺔ ﰲ ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ أﺋﻤﺔ اﻷﻧﺪﻟﺲ وﻋﻠﻤﺎﺋﻬﻢ وﳏﺪﺛﻴﻬﻢ وﻓﻘﻬﺎﺋﻬﻢ وأدﺑﺎﺋﻬﻢ‪ ٬‬أﺑﻮ اﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺑﺸﻜﻮال‪ ٬‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪٬‬‬
‫‪.592/2‬‬
‫)‪ (2‬ﻫﻮ ﻃﺎﻫﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﳌﻨﻌﻢ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ اﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻏﻠﺒﻮن‪ ٬‬أﺑﻮ اﳊﺴﻦ‪ ٬‬أﺳﺘﺎذ ﻋﺎرف وﺛﻘﺔ ﺿﺎﺑﻂ‪ ٬‬وﺣﺠﺔ ﳏﺮر‪ ٬‬أﺧﺬ اﻟﻘﺮاءات ﻋﺮﺿﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ‪ ٬‬ﻣﻦ ﺗﻼﻣﻴﺬﻩ‪ :‬ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﺮﲪﺎن اﻟﺮازي‪ ٬‬وﻣﻦ ﻣﺼﻨﻔﺎﺗﻪ‪ :‬اﻟﺘﺬﻛﺮة ﰲ اﻟﻘﺮاءات اﻟﺜﻤﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ ٬‬ﻣﺎت ﺳﻨﺔ‪399 :‬ه‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﻨﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ اﻟﻘﺮاء اﻟﻜﺒﺎر ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻄﺒﻘﺎت واﻷﻋﺼﺎر‪ ٬‬ﴰﺲ اﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ أﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺜﻤﺎن اﻟﺬﻫﱯ‪ ٬‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪.698/2 ٬‬‬
‫)‪ (3‬ﻳﻨﻈﺮ ﺗﺮﲨﺘﻪ ﰲ‪ :‬ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ اﳌﺪارك وﺗﻘﺮﻳﺐ اﳌﺴﺎﻟﻚ ﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ أﻋﻼم ﻣﺬﻫﺐ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ‪ ٬‬ﻋﻴﺎض ﺑﻦ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ اﻟﻴﺤﺼﱯ‪ ٬‬ﺿﺒﻄﻪ وﺻﺤﺤﻪ‪:‬‬
‫ﳏﻤﺪ ﺳﺎﱂ ﻫﺎﺷﻢ‪ ٬‬دار اﻟﻜﺘﺐ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‪ ٬‬ﺑﲑوت‪ ٬‬ﻟﺒﻨﺎن‪ ٬‬ط‪ ٬1‬ﺳﻨﺔ‪1418 :‬ه‪1998/‬م‪ ٬353 - 352 /2 ٬‬ﺑﻐﻴﺔ اﳌﻠﺘﻤﺲ ﰲ‬
‫ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ رﺟﺎل أﻫﻞ اﻷﻧﺪﻟﺲ‪ ٬‬أﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﳛﲕ ﻳﻦ أﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﲑة اﻟﻀﱯ‪ ٬‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪.289 ٬‬‬
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‫‪nearly all Windows platforms, simply open the document you want to convert, click “print”, select the‬‬
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‫ﻣﺪﺧ ـ ـ ـﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼـ ـ ـﻞ اﻷول‪:‬‬

‫ﻣﻨﻪ وروى ﻋﻨﻪ‪ ٬‬وأﺧﺬ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺪة ﺷﻴﻮخ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ‪ :‬اﺑﻦ ﺳﻔﻴﺎن)‪ ٬(1‬وﻟﻪ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﺎت ﺗﺸﻬﺪ ﺑﻐﺰارة ﻋﻠﻤﻪ‪٬‬‬
‫ﻜﺘﺎﰊ‪ :‬اﻟﺘﻤﻬﻴﺪ واﻻﺳﺘﺬﻛﺎر‪ ٬‬ﻣﺎت ﺳﻨﺔ‪ 463 :‬ه‪.‬‬
‫وﺳﻌﺔ إﻃﻼﻋﻪ ﻛ ّ‬
‫‪ ‬أﺑﻮ اﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ اﻟﺒﺎﺟﻲ)‪:(2‬‬
‫ﻫﻮ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎن ﺑﻦ ﺧﻠﻒ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪون ﺑﻦ أﻳﻮب ﺑﻦ وارث اﻟﺒﺎﺟﻲ‪ ٬‬أﺑﻮ اﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ‪ ٬‬وﻟﺪ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪403‬ه‪٬‬‬
‫ﻓﻘﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﺎﻟﻜﻴﺎ ﻧﻈﱠﺎرا‪ ٬‬ﳏ ﱠﺪﺛﺎ ﻋﺎرﻓﺎ ﺑﻄﺮق اﳊﺪﻳﺚ ورﺟﺎﻟﻪ‪ ٬‬ﻣﺘﻜﻠﻤﺎ أﺻﻮﻟﻴﺎ‪ ٬‬وﺷﺎﻋﺮا ﺟﻴﺪ اﻟﻌﺒﺎرة‪ ٬‬وﻓﻀﻼ‬
‫ﻋﻦ ذﻟﻚ ﻓﻘﺪ ﻛﺎن ﺟﻠﻴﻼً رﻓﻴﻊ اﻟﻘﺪر‪ُ ٬‬وﱢﱄ ﻗﻀﺎء ﻣﻮاﺿﻊ ﻣﻦ اﻷﻧﺪﻟﺲ‪ ٬‬ﻛﻤﺎ رﺣﻞ وﲰﻊ اﻟﻜﺜﲑ‪ ٬‬ﻓﺎﻟﺘﻘﻰ‬
‫ﲜﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء أﻣﺜﺎل‪ :‬أﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ اﳋﻄﻴﺐ)‪ ٬(3‬وﻟﻪ ﻋﺪة ﻣﺼﻨﻔﺎت ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ :‬اﳌﻨﺘﻘﻰ ﰲ ﺷﺮح اﳌﻮﻃﺄ‪ ٬‬ﻣﺎت‬
‫ﺳﻨﺔ‪474 :‬ه‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﺮع اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬ﺗﻼﻣﻴﺬﻩ‪:‬‬
‫ﻷﰊ داود ﺗﻼﻣﻴﺬ ﻛﺜﲑون أﻗﺒﻠﻮا ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﳐﺘﻠﻒ اﻷﻗﻄﺎر‪ ٬‬و ﻠﻮا ﻣﻦ ﻋﻠﻤﻪ اﻟﻐﺰﻳﺮ ﺣﱴ أﺻﺒﺤﻮا‬
‫ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ أﻋﻼم وﻋﻠﻤﺎء ﻛﺒﺎر ﻧﺎﻟﻮا ﻣﺮاﺗﺐ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪ ٬‬وﺧﻠﱠﻔﻮا ﻋﻠﻤﺎً ﻧﺎﻓﻌﺎً‪ ٬‬وذاع ﺻﻴﺘﻬﻢ ﰲ اﻵﻓﺎق ﻣﻨﻬﻢ‪:‬‬

‫)‪ (1‬ﻫﻮ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻮارث ﺑﻦ ﺳﻔﻴﺎن ﺑﻦ ﺟﱪون‪ ٬‬أﺑﻮ اﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ اﻟﻘﺮﻃﱯ‪ ٬‬اﶈﺪث اﻟﺜﻘﺔ‪ ٬‬اﻟﻌﺎﱂ اﻟﺰاﻫﺪ‪ ٬‬ﻟﻪ ﻋﺪة ﺷﻴﻮ‪ J‬ﻣﻨﻬﻢ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﺳﻢ ﺑﻦ‬
‫أﺻﺒﻎ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﱐ‪ ٬‬ﻣﻦ ﺗﻼﻣﻴﺬﻩ‪ :‬أﺑﻮ ﳏﻤﺪ ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲ ﺑﻦ إﺑﺮاﻫﻴﻢ اﻷﺻﻴﻠﻲ‪ ٬‬ﻣﺎت ﺳﻨﺔ‪395 :‬ه‪ .‬ﻳﻨﻈﺮ‪ :‬اﻟﺼﻠﺔ ﰲ ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ أﺋﻤﺔ اﻷﻧﺪﻟﺲ‬
‫وﻋﻠﻤﺎﺋﻬﻢ وﳏﺪﺛﻴﻬﻢ وﻓﻘﻬﺎﺋﻬﻢ وأدﺑﺎﺋﻬﻢ‪ ٬‬أﺑﻮ اﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺑﺸﻜﻮال‪ ٬‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪.482/1 ٬‬‬
‫)‪ (2‬ﻳﻨﻈﺮ ﺗﺮﲨﺘﻪ ﰲ‪ :‬ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ اﳌﺪارك وﺗﻘﺮﻳﺐ اﳌﺴﺎﻟﻚ ﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ أﻋﻼم ﻣﺬﻫﺐ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ‪ ٬‬ﻋﻴﺎض ﺑﻦ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ اﻟﻴﺤﺼﱯ‪ ٬‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪٬‬‬
‫‪ ٬347/2‬اﻟﺼﻠﺔ ﰲ ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ أﺋﻤﺔ اﻷﻧﺪﻟﺲ وﻋﻠﻤﺎﺋﻬﻢ وﳏﺪﺛﻴﻬﻢ وﻓﻘﻬﺎﺋﻬﻢ وأدﺑﺎﺋﻬﻢ‪ ٬‬أﺑﻮ اﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺑﺸﻜﻮال‪ ٬‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪٬‬‬
‫‪.317/1‬‬
‫)‪ (3‬ﻫﻮ أﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ اﻟﺒﻐﺪادي‪ ٬‬اﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ‪ ٬‬اﳌﻌﺮوف ﺑﺄﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ اﳋﻄﻴﺐ‪ ٬‬أﺣﺪ ﺣﻔﺎظ اﳊﺪﻳﺚ وﺿﺎﺑﻄﻴﻪ‪ ٬‬واﳌﺘﻘﻨﲔ‬
‫اﳌﺘﻔﻨﻨﲔ‪ ٬‬رﺣﻞ وﲰﻊ اﻟﻜﺜﲑ‪ ٬‬ﺗﻔﻘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺪة ﺷﻴﻮ‪ J‬ﻣﻨﻬﻢ‪ :‬اﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ أﰊ اﻟﻄﻴﺐ اﻟﻄﱪي‪ ٬‬ﻣﻦ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﺎﺗﻪ‪ :‬ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ ﺑﻐﺪاد‪ ٬‬ﻣﺎت ﺑﺒﻐﺪاد‬
‫ﺳﻨﺔ‪463 :‬ه‪ .‬ﻳﻨﻈﺮ ﺗﺮﲨﺘﻪ ﰲ‪ :‬ﻃﺒﻘﺎت اﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ‪ ٬‬ﻋﻤﺎد اﻟﺪﻳﻦ إﲰﺎﻋﻴﻞ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ اﺑﻦ ﻛﺜﲑ‪ ٬‬ﲢﻘﻴﻖ‪ :‬ﻋﺒﺪ اﳊﻔﻴﻆ ﻣﻨﺼﻮر‪ ٬‬دار اﳌﺪار‬
‫اﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ‪ ٬‬ﺑﲑوت‪ ٬‬ﻟﺒﻨﺎن‪ ٬‬ط‪ ٬1‬ﺳﻨﺔ‪2004 :‬م‪ ٬412/2 ٬‬وﻓﻴﺎت اﻷﻋﻴﺎن وأﻧﺒﺎء أﺑﻨﺎء اﻟﺰﻣﺎن‪ ٬‬أﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ أﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺑﻦ‬
‫ﺧﻠﻜﺎن‪ ٬‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪.93 -92/1 ٬‬‬
‫‪24‬‬
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‫!‪A pdf writer that produces quality PDF files with ease‬‬
‫‪Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original documents. Compatible across‬‬
‫‪nearly all Windows platforms, simply open the document you want to convert, click “print”, select the‬‬
‫!‪“Broadgun pdfMachine printer” and that’s it! Get yours now‬‬
‫ﻣﺪﺧ ـ ـ ـﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼـ ـ ـﻞ اﻷول‪:‬‬

‫‪ ‬أﺑﻮ اﻟﺤﺴﻦ اﻟﺒﻠﻨﺴﻲ)‪:(1‬‬

‫ﻫﻮ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﻫﺬﻳﻞ اﳌﻘﺮئ‪ ٬‬أﺑﻮ اﳊﺴﻦ اﻟﺒﻠﻨﺴﻲ‪ ٬‬إﻣﺎم زاﻫﺪ‪ ٬‬ﺛﻘـﺔ ﻋﺎﱂ‪ ٬‬وﻟﺪ‬
‫ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ 470‬ﻫــ‪ ٬‬ﻗﺮأ اﻟﻜﺜﲑ ﻋﻠﻰ أﰊ داود وﻻزﻣﻪ ﺳﻨﲔ‪ ٬‬ﻷﻧﻪ ﻛﺎن زوج أﻣﻪ‪ ٬‬ﻓﻨﺸﺄ ﰲ ﺣﺠﺮﻩ‪ ٬‬وﲰﻊ ﻣﻨﻪ‬
‫ﻛﺘﺒﺎ ﻛﺜﲑة‪ ٬‬وﻫﻮ أﺟﻞ أﺻﺤﺎﺑﻪ وأﺛﺒﺘﻬﻢ‪ ٬‬ﺻﺎرت إﻟﻴﻪ أﺻﻮل أﰊ داود اﻟﻌﺘﻴﻘﺔ‪ ٬‬واﻧﺘﻬﺖ إﻟﻴﻪ رﺋﺎﺳﺔ اﻹﻗﺮاء‬
‫ﰲ زﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﻋﻤﺮﻩ‪ ٬‬ﻟﻌﻠﻮ رواﻳﺘﻪ وإﻣﺎﻣﺘﻪ ﰲ اﻟﺘﺠﻮﻳﺪ واﻹﺗﻘﺎن‪ ٬‬ﺣ ﱠﺪث ﻋﻦ ﺟﻠﺔ ﻻ ﳛﺼﻮن‪ ٬‬وﻛﺎن‬
‫ﻣﻨﻘﻄﻊ اﻟﻘﺮﻳﻦ ﰲ اﻟﻔﻀﻞ واﻟﺪﻳﻦ واﻟﻌﺪاﻟﺔ‪ ٬‬ﺻ ﱠﻮاﻣﺎً‪ ٬‬ﻗ ﱠﻮاﻣﺎً‪٬‬ﻛﺜﲑ اﻟﺼﺪﻗﺔ‪ ٬‬وﻫﻮ آﺧﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺣ ﱠﺪث ﻋﻦ أﰊ‬
‫داود ﺑﺎﻷﻧﺪﻟﺲ ﻣﻨﻔﺮدا ﺑﻠﻘﺎﺋﻪ واﻟﺴﻤﺎع ﻣﻨﻪ أزﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﺳﻨﺔ‪ ٬‬وأﺟﺎزﻩ أﺑﻮ داود ﰲ ﲨﻴﻊ ﻛﺘﺐ اﻟﺪاﱐ‬
‫وﻏﲑﻫﺎ‪ ٬‬ﻣﻦ ﺗﻼﻣﻴﺬﻩ أﺑﻮ اﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ اﻟﺸﺎﻃﱯ)‪ (2‬اﻟﺬي ﻋﺮض ﻋﻠﻴﻪ اﻟﺘﻴﺴﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻔﻈﻪ واﻟﻘﺮاءات‪ ٬‬وﲰﻊ ﻣﻨﻪ‬
‫اﳊﺪﻳﺚ وروى ﻋﻨﻪ‪ ٬‬وﻗﺪ أﻟﱠﻒ اﻟﺒﻠﻨﺴﻲ ﻋﺪة ﻛﺘﺐ أﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎ‪ :‬اﳌﻨﺼﻒ وﻫﻮ أرﺟﻮزة ﰲ رﺳﻢ اﳌﺼﺎﺣﻒ‪٬‬‬
‫ﻣﺎت ﺳﻨﺔ ‪564‬ه‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻤ ْﻘ ِﺮ ْئ)‪:(3‬‬
‫‪ ‬أﺑﻮ اﻟﻌﺒﺎس اﻟﻠﺨﻤﻲ ُ‬
‫ﻫﻮ أﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺮب‪ ٬‬اﻟﻠﺨﻤﻲ ﰒ اﳌﺴﻴﻠﻲ‪ ٬‬ﻳﻜﲎ أﺑﺎ اﻟﻌﺒﺎس‪ ٬‬أﺳﺘﺎذ‪ ٬‬ﻗﺮأ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻋﺪد ﻛﺒﲑ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺸﻴﻮخ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ‪ :‬أﺑﻮ داود ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎن ﺑﻦ ﳒﺎح‪ ٬‬وﻗﺪ ﻛﺎن ﻣﻦ أﻫﻞ اﳊﺬق‪ ٬‬واﻟﺘﺠﻮﻳﺪ‪ ٬‬ﺗﺼ ﱠﺪر‬
‫ﻟﻺﻗﺮاء ﻣﺪة ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻪ ﺣﱴ أﺻﺒﺢ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﻋﺪد ﻛﺒﲑ ﻣﻦ ﻃﻠﺒﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ أﺗﻮﻩ ﻣﻦ ﳐﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﻘﺎع اﻷرض ﻣﻨﻬﻢ‪ :‬ﻋﺒﺪ‬

‫)‪ (1‬ﻳﻨﻈﺮ ﺗﺮﲨﺘﻪ ﰲ‪ :‬ﻏﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﰲ ﻃﺒﻘﺎت اﻟﻘﺮاء‪ ٬‬ﴰﺲ اﻟﺪﻳﻦ أﰊ اﳋﲑ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ اﳉﺰري‪ ٬‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ‬
‫ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪ ٬507-506/1 ٬‬ﺻﻠﺔ اﻟﺼﻠﺔ‪ ٬‬أﺑﻮ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ أﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ إﺑﺮاﻫﻴﻢ اﻟﻐﺮﻧﺎﻃﻲ‪ ٬‬ﲢﻘﻴﻖ‪ :‬ﺷﺮﻳﻒ أﺑﻮ اﻟﻌﻼ اﻟﻌﺪوي‪ ٬‬ﻣﻜﺘﺒﺔ اﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺪﻳﻨﻴﺔ‪ ٬‬اﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮة‪ ٬‬ط‪ ٬1‬ﺳﻨﺔ‪1429 :‬ه‪2008/‬م‪.269/3 ٬‬‬
‫ﻓﲑﻩ ﺑﻦ ﺧﻠﻒ ﺑﻦ أﲪﺪ‪ ٬‬أﺑﻮ اﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ اﻟﺮﻋﻴﲏ‪ ٬‬اﻟﺸﺎﻃﱯ‪ ٬‬اﻷﻧﺪﻟﺴﻲ‪ ٬‬اﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ اﳌﺬﻫﺐ‪ ٬‬وﻟﺪ ﺳﻨﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫)‪ (2‬ﻫﻮ اﻹﻣ ـﺎم اﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ ﺑﻦ ّ‬
‫‪538‬ه‪ ٬‬ﻛﺎن إﻣﺎﻣﺎ ﻛﺒﲑا أﻋﺠﻮﺑﺔ ﰲ اﻟﺬﻛﺎء‪ ٬‬ﻛﺜﲑ اﻟﻔﻨﻮن‪ ٬‬آﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ آﻳﺎت اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪ ٬‬ﻏﺎﻳﺔ ﰲ اﻟﻘﺮاءات‪ ٬‬ﺣﺎﻓﻈﺎ ﻟﻠﺤﺪﻳﺚ‪ ٬‬ﺑﺼﲑا‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‪ ٬‬إﻣﺎﻣﺎ ﰲ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ‪ ٬‬رأﺳﺎ ﰲ اﻷدب‪ ٬‬ﻣﻊ اﻟﺰﻫﺪ واﻟﻮﻻﻳﺔ واﻟﻌﺒﺎدة‪ ٬‬أﺧﺬ اﻟﻘﺮاءات ﻋﻦ اﻹﻣﺎم أﰊ اﳊﺴﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﻫﺬﻳﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫اﻹﻣﺎم أﰊ داود ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎن ﺑﻦ ﳒﺎح ﻋﻦ اﻹﻣـﺎم أﰊ ﻋﻤـﺮو ﻋﺜﻤ ـﺎن ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﻴـﺪ اﻟﺪاﱐ‪ ٬‬ﻣﻦ أﺷﻬﺮ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﺎﺗﻪ ‪" :‬ﺣﺮز اﻷﻣﺎﱐ ووﺟﻪ اﻟﺘﻬـﺎﱐ" ‪٬‬‬
‫وﻫﻲ ﻗﺼﻴـﺪة ﻣﺸﻬﻮرة ﰲ اﻟﻘﺮاءات‪ ٬‬ﻣﺎت ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ 590‬ﻫـ‪ .‬ﻳﻨﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﻏﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﰲ ﻃﺒﻘﺎت اﻟﻘﺮاء‪ ٬‬ﴰﺲ اﻟﺪﻳﻦ أﰊ اﳋﲑ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ‬
‫ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ اﳉﺰري‪ ٬‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪ ٬23 –20/2 ٬‬ﻃﺒﻘﺎت اﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ‪ ٬‬إﲰﺎﻋﻴﻞ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻛﺜﲑ‪ ٬‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪.666/2 ٬‬‬
‫)‪ (3‬ﻳﻨﻈﺮ ﺗﺮﲨﺘﻪ ﰲ‪ :‬ﻏﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﰲ ﻃﺒﻘﺎت اﻟﻘﺮاء‪ ٬‬ﴰﺲ اﻟﺪﻳﻦ أﰊ اﳋﲑ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ اﳉﺰري‪ ٬‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ‬
‫ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪.107-106/1 ٬‬‬
‫‪25‬‬
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‫ﻣﺪﺧ ـ ـ ـﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼـ ـ ـﻞ اﻷول‪:‬‬

‫اﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ اﻟﺴﻤﺎﱐ)‪ ٬(1‬وﻟﻪ ﻋﺪة ﻣﺼﻨﻔﺎت ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﻛﺘﺎب اﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺐ ﰲ اﻟﻘﺮاءات اﻟﺴﺒﻊ‪ ٬‬وﺑﻘﻲ إﱃ ﺣﺪود‬
‫اﻷرﺑﻌﲔ واﳋﻤﺴﻤﺎﺋﺔـ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻤ ْﻘ ِﺮ ْئ )‪:(2‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﺠﻠﻴﻞ ُ‬
‫ﻫﻮ ﻋﺒﺪ اﳉﻠﻴﻞ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ اﻷﻣﻮي‪ ٬‬ﻳﻜﲎ‪ :‬أﺑﺎ اﳊﺴﻦ‪ ٬‬واﳌﻌﺮوف ﺑﺎﺑﻦ اﳌﻠﻮن‪ ٬‬ﻣﻘﺮىء‬
‫ﺣﺎذق‪ ٬‬إﻣﺎم ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‪ ٬‬ﻣﻦ أﻫﻞ ﻗﺮﻃﺒﺔ‪ ٬‬ﻛﻤﺎ أﻧﻪ ﻣﺸﺎرك ﰲ اﻹﻋﺮاب واﻵداب‪ ٬‬رﺣﻞ ﰲ ﻃﻠﺐ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‪ ٬‬وأﻗﺮأ‬
‫اﻟﻘﺮآن ﺑﺎﳉﺎﻣﻊ اﻷﻋﻈﻢ‪ ٬‬ﻓﺘﺘﻠﻤﺬ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ ﺗﻼﻣﻴﺬ ﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺧﻠﻒ)‪ ٬(3‬ﻣﺎت ﺳﻨﺔ‪526 :‬ه‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﺮع اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ :‬ﻣﺆﻟﻔﺎﺗﻪ‪:‬‬
‫ﺗﺮك اﻹﻣﺎم أﺑﻮ داود ﺛﺮوة ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻛﺒﲑة وﺿﺨﻤﺔ ﰲ ﻋﺪة ﻓﻨﻮن ﻛﻌﻠﻢ اﻟﻘﺮاءات‪ ٬‬وﻫﺠﺎء اﳌﺼﺎﺣﻒ‬
‫وﺣ ِﻈﻴﱠﺖ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﺎﺗﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻬﺮة ﰲ ﺷﱴ ﺑﻘﺎع اﻷرض‪ ٬‬ﻓﻘﺪ أﺛﺮى اﳌﻜﺘﺒﺔ اﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﲜﻤﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫وﻏﲑﻫﺎ‪ُ ٬‬‬
‫اﳌﺆﻟﻔﺎت اﻟﱵ ﻛﺎن ﳍﺎ أﺛﺮﻫﺎ اﻟﺒﺎﻟﻎ ﰲ ﺧﺪﻣﺔ ﻛﺘﺎب اﷲ ﺑﺼﻔﺔ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ‪ ٬‬واﻟﺪﻳﻦ اﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﺑﺼﻔﺔ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﻴﻞ أﻧﻪ ﻛﺎن ﻳﻜﺘﺐ ﻣﻦ ﻟﻴﻠﺘﻪ ﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ورﻗﺔ ﻛﺒﺎرا)‪.(4‬‬
‫ﻌﻮل ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ ٬‬ﻷﻧﻪ اﺷﺘﻐﻞ ﻃﻮل ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻒ واﻟﺘﺄﻟﻴﻒ إﱃ‬
‫وﺳﺘﺒﻘﻰ ﻫﺬﻩ اﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﻣﻌﺎﱂ ﻳﻬﺘﺪى ﺎ وﻳُ ّ‬
‫ﺟﺎﻧﺐ اﺷﺘﻐﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﺎﻹﻗﺮاء واﻟﺘﺪرﻳﺲ‪ ٬‬وﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﳘﻪ ﰲ ذﻟﻚ إﻻ ﻣﻦ أﺟﻞ رﻏﺒﺘﻪ اﻟﺼﺎدﻗﺔ ﰲ أداء اﻷﻣﺎﻧﺔ‬
‫اﻟﱵ ﲪﻠﻬﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺷﻴﻮﺧﻪ اﺑﺘﻐﺎء وﺟﻪ اﷲ ﻋﺰ وﺟﻞ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (1‬ﻫﻮ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ‪ ٬‬أﺑﻮ ﲪﻴﺪ اﻟﺴﻤﺎﱐ‪ ٬‬اﻹﺷﺒﻴﻠﻲ‪ ٬‬اﳌﻌﺮوف ﺑﺎﺑﻦ اﻟﻄﺤﺎن‪ ٬‬أﺳﺘﺎذ ﻛﺒﲑ‪ ٬‬وإﻣﺎم ﳏﻘﻖ‪ ٬‬ﺑﺎرع ﳎﻮد‪٬‬‬
‫ﺛﻘﺔ‪ ٬‬ﻣﻦ ﺷﻴﻮﺧﻪ‪ :‬ﺷﺮﻳﺢ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ‪ ٬‬وﻣﻦ ﺗﻼﻣﻴﺬﻩ‪ :‬ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ أﰊ اﻟﻌﻼء‪ ٬‬أﻟﻒ ﺗﻮاﻟﻴﻒ ﻣﻔﻴﺪة ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ :‬اﻟﻮﻗﻒ واﻻﺑﺘﺪاء‪ ٬‬ﻣﺎت ﺑﻌﺪ ﺳﻨﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪560‬ه‪ .‬ﻳﻨﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﻏﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﰲ ﻃﺒﻘﺎت اﻟﻘﺮاء‪ ٬‬ﴰﺲ اﻟﺪﻳﻦ أﰊ اﳋﲑ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ اﳉﺰري‪ ٬‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪٬‬‬
‫‪.355/1‬‬
‫)‪ (2‬ﻳﻨﻈﺮ ﺗﺮﲨﺘﻪ ﰲ‪ :‬اﳌﺮﺟﻊ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‪ ٬325/1 ٬‬واﻟﺼﻠﺔ ﰲ ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ أﺋﻤﺔ اﻷﻧﺪﻟﺲ وﻋﻠﻤﺎﺋﻬﻢ وﳏﺪﺛﻴﻬﻢ وﻓﻘﻬﺎﺋﻬﻢ وأدﺑﺎﺋﻬﻢ‪ ٬‬أﺑﻮ اﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ‬
‫ﺑﻦ ﺑﺸﻜﻮال‪ ٬‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪.387/2 ٬‬‬
‫)‪ (3‬ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺧﻠﻒ ﺑﻦ رﺿﺎ‪ ٬‬أﺑﻮ اﳊﺴﻦ اﻷﻧﺼﺎري اﻟﺒﻠﻨﺴﻲ اﻟﻀﺮﻳﺮ‪ ٬‬ﻧﺰﻳﻞ ﻣﻜﺔ‪ ٬‬ﻣﻘﺮئ ﳏﻘﻖ‪ ٬‬ﻣﻦ ﺗﻼﻣﻴﺬﻩ‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ أﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ‬
‫ﻛﻮﺛﺮ‪ ٬‬ﻣﺎت ﰲ ﺣﺪود ﺳﻨﺔ‪ .550 :‬ﻳﻨﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﻏﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﰲ ﻃﺒﻘﺎت اﻟﻘﺮاء‪ ٬‬ﴰﺲ اﻟﺪﻳﻦ أﰊ اﳋﲑ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ‬
‫ﺑﻦ اﳉﺰري‪ ٬‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪.479/1 ٬‬‬
‫)‪ (4‬اﻟﺘﺒﻴﺎن ﰲ ﺷﺮح ﻣﻮرد اﻟﻈﻤﺂن‪ ٬‬ﻷﰊ ﳏﻤﺪ ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ اﻟﺼﻨﻬﺎﺟﻲ اﳌﻌﺮوف ﺑﺎﺑﻦ آﺟﻄﺎ‪ ٬‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪ ٬‬ص ‪.118‬‬
‫‪26‬‬
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‫ﻣﺪﺧ ـ ـ ـﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼـ ـ ـﻞ اﻷول‪:‬‬

‫وﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ﺑﻴﺎن ﻟﺒﻌﺾ اﻟﻜﺘﺐ اﻟﱵ أﻟﻔﻬﺎ‪:‬‬

‫‪ .1‬ﻛﺘﺎب إﳚﺎب اﻟﺼﻼة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻨﱯ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .2‬اﻟﺒﻴﺎن ﰲ ﻋﻠﻮم اﻟﻘﺮآن‪ ٬‬وﻳﻘﻊ ﰲ ﺛﻼﲦﺎﺋﺔ ﺟﺰء‪.‬‬
‫‪ .3‬ﻛﺘﺎب اﻟﺘﺒﻴﲔ ﳍﺠﺎء اﻟﺘﻨﺰﻳﻞ‪ ٬‬وﻳﻘﻊ ﰲ ﺳﺘﺔ ﳎﻠﺪات‪.‬‬
‫‪ .4‬ﻛﺘﺎب اﳉﺎﻣﻊ ﰲ اﻟﻀﺒﻂ ﻟﻠﻘﺮاء اﻟﺴﺒﻌﺔ ﻣﻦ ﲨﻴﻊ ﻃﺮﻗﻬﻢ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .5‬ﺟﺰء ﻓﻴﻪ إﺟﺎزة أﰊ داود اﳌﻘﺮئ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .6‬ﻛﺘﺎب ﺣﺮوف اﳌﻌﺠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .7‬ﻛﺘﺎب اﳊﺮوف اﻟﱵ اﺧﺘﻠﻔﺖ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﺼﺎﺣﻒ ﻋﺜﻤﺎن رﺿﻲ اﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .8‬رﺟﺰ ﰲ ﻋﻠﻢ ﻧﻘﻂ اﳌﺼﺎﺣﻒ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .9‬ﻛﺘﺎب ﻫﺠﺎء اﳌﺼﺎﺣﻒ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .10‬ﻛﺘﺎب اﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎد‪ :‬وﻫﻲ أرﺟﻮزة ﻋﺎرض ﺎ ﺷﻴﺨﻪ ﰲ أﺻﻮل اﻟﻘﺮاءات واﻟﺪﻳﻦ‪ ٬‬ﰲ ﻋﺸﺮة‬
‫أﺟﺰاء‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪:‬ﭐﱡ‪    ‬ﱠ]اﻟﺒﻘﺮة‪:‬‬ ‫‪ .11‬ﻛﺘﺎب اﳉﻮاب ﻋﻦ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‬
‫‪.[236‬‬
‫‪ .12‬ﻛﺘﺎب ﳐﺘﺼﺮ اﻟﺘﺒﻴﲔ ﳍﺠﺎء اﻟﺘﻨﺰﻳﻞ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .13‬أﺻﻮل اﻟﻀﺒﻂ وﻛﻴﻔﻴﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻬﺔ اﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎر‪.‬‬
‫‪ .14‬ﻛِﺘﺎب اﻟ ُﻜﺘّﺎب ﻣﻦ اﻷﻧﺒﻴﺎء واﻟﺴﺎدات واﻷﺷﺮاف واﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ‪ ٬‬وﻣﻦ ﻛﺘﺐ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻟﻠﻨﱯ‪. ‬‬
‫‪ .15‬ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺔ اﻟﺸﻴﺦ اﻟﻔﻘﻴﻪ اﳌﻘﺮئ أﰊ داود‪.‬‬
‫وﻏﲑﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ اﳌﺼﻨﻔﺎت)‪.(1‬‬

‫)‪ (1‬ﻳﻨﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺳﲑ أﻋﻼم اﻟﻨﺒﻼء‪ ٬‬ﴰﺲ اﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ أﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺜﻤﺎن اﻟﺬﻫﱯ‪ ٬‬ﲢﻘﻴﻖ‪ :‬ﺷﻌﻴﺐ اﻷرﻧﺎؤوط‪ ٬‬ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺔ اﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ‪ ٬‬ﺑﲑوت‪٬‬‬
‫ﻟﺒﻨﺎن‪ ٬‬ط‪ ٬1‬ﺳﻨﺔ‪1405 :‬ه‪1984/‬م‪ ٬170-169 /19 ٬‬ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ اﻟﻘﺮاء اﻟﻜﺒﺎر ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻄﺒﻘﺎت واﻷﻋﺼﺎر‪ ٬‬ﴰﺲ اﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ‬
‫أﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺜﻤﺎن اﻟﺬﻫﱯ‪ ٬‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪ ٬864-862/2 ٬‬ﻏﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﰲ ﻃﺒﻘﺎت اﻟﻘﺮاء‪ ٬‬ﴰﺲ اﻟﺪﻳﻦ أﰊ اﳋﲑ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ‬
‫ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ اﳉﺰري‪ ٬‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪.287/1 ٬‬‬
‫‪27‬‬
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‫‪Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original documents. Compatible across‬‬
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‫!‪“Broadgun pdfMachine printer” and that’s it! Get yours now‬‬
‫ﻣﺪﺧ ـ ـ ـﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼـ ـ ـﻞ اﻷول‪:‬‬

‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﺐ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ :‬ﻣﻜﺎﻧﺘﻪ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ وﺛﻨﺎء اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ووﻓﺎﺗﻪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﺄﺗﻨﺎول ﰲ ﻫﺬا اﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﺔ اﻹﻣﺎم اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ وﺛﻨﺎء اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ٬‬ﻣﻊ اﻟﺘﻄﺮق ﻟﻮﻓﺎﺗﻪ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﺮع اﻷول‪ :‬ﻣﻜﺎﻧﺘﻪ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ وﺛﻨﺎء اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻟﻘﺪ ﻛﺎن ﻷﰊ داود ﻣﻜﺎﻧﺔ ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻣﺮﻣﻮﻗﺔ‪ ٬‬ﺟﻌﻠﺘﻪ ﻳﺘﺒﻮأ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﺔ رﻓﻴﻌﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء‪ ٬‬وﳑﺎ ﻳﺪل ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻣﻜﺎﻧﺘﻪ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﻃﻠﺒﻪ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻳﺪ أﻛﺎﺑﺮ ﻋﻠﻤﺎء اﻷﻧﺪﻟﺲ‪ ٬‬ﻛﺄﰊ ﻋﻤﺮو اﻟﺪاﱐ واﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﱪ‪ ٬‬وﻏﲑﳘﺎ‪٬‬‬
‫وﺗﻮاﻓﺪ ﲨﻊ ﻛﺒﲑ ﻣﻦ ﻃﻼب اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ٬‬اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺗﺴﺎﺑﻘﻮا إﻟﻴﻪ ﻟﻴﻘﺮﺋﻬﻢ أو ﻳﻌﻠﻤﻬﻢ ﲨﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻠﻮم‪ ٬‬واﻟﺬﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺻﺎروا ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﻦ أﺟﻞ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء ﻛﺄﰊ اﳊﺴﻦ اﻟﺒﻠﻨﺴﻲ اﻟﺬي ﻧﻈﻢ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ ﰲ اﻟﺮﺳﻢ‪ ٬‬وﲰﺎﻩ اﳌﻨﺼﻒ‪ ٬‬وﻫﻮ‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪة ﻣﺼﺎﺣﻒ اﳌﻐﺎرﺑﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻻﺧﺘﻼف‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ إﱃ ﻣﺎ ﺳﺒﻖ‪ ٬‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﺑﺮع اﻹﻣﺎم ﰲ ﲨﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻠﻮم اﻟﻘﺮآن‪ ٬‬وﻧﺒﻎ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪٬‬ﻛﻌﻠﻢ اﻟﻘﺮاءات‪٬‬‬
‫واﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ‪ ٬‬وﻫﺠﺎء اﳌﺼﺎﺣﻒ‪ ٬‬وإﻋﺮا ﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻘﻂ واﻟﺸﻜﻞ وﻏﲑﻫﺎ‪ ٬‬وﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﰲ ﻋﻈﻴﻢ ﻣﺼﻨﻔﺎﺗﻪ اﻟﱵ ﺗﻔﻨﻦ‬
‫ﰲ ﺗﺄﻟﻴﻔﻬﺎ‪ ٬‬وأﺑﺪع ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺘﻬﺎ‪ ٬‬ﺣﱴ ﻏﺪت ﻣﻦ أﻫﻢ اﳌﺼﺎدر اﻟﱵ اﻋﺘﻤﺪﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺎء ﺑﻌﺪﻩ‪ ٬‬وﻟﻘﺪ أﺛﲎ‬
‫اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء ﻛﺜﲑاً ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﺘﺒﻪ‪ ٬‬وﻧﻘﻠﻮﻫﺎ ﺑﺮواﻳﺎ ﺎ وﻗﺮاءا ﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺸﺎﳜﻬﻢ‪ ٬‬وﻋﻨﺎﻳﺘﻬﻢ ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺑﺸﻜﻮال)‪ :(1‬وﻛﺎن ﻣﻦ ﺟﻠﺔ اﳌﻘﺮﺋﲔ وﻋﻠﻤﺎﺋﻬﻢ وﻓﻀﻼﺋﻬﻢ وﺧﻴﺎرﻫﻢ‪ ٬‬ﻋﺎﳌﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮاءات‬
‫ورواﻳﺎ ﺎ وﻃﺮﻗﻬﺎ‪ ٬‬ﺣﺴﻦ اﻟﻀﺒﻂ ﳍﺎ‪ ٬‬وﻛﺎن دﻳﻨﺎ ﻓﺎﺿﻼ ﺛﻘﺔ‪ ٬‬ﻓﻴﻤﺎ رواﻩ‪ ...‬وأﺧﱪﻧﺎ ﻋﻨﻪ ﲨﺎﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺷﻴﻮﺧﻨﺎ‪ ٬‬ووﺻﻔﻮﻩ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻠﻢ واﻟﻔﻀﻞ واﻟﺪﻳﻦ‪ ٬‬وﻟﻪ ﺗﻮاﻟﻴﻒ ﻛﺜﲑة ﰲ ﻣﻌﺎﱐ اﻟﻘﺮآن‪ ٬‬وﻏﲑﻫﺎ‪ ٬‬وﻛﺎن ﺣﺴﻦ‬
‫اﳋﻂ‪ ٬‬ﺟﻴﺪ اﻟﻀﺒﻂ‪ ٬‬روى اﻟﻨﺎس ﻋﻨﻪ ﻛﺜﲑا )‪.(2‬‬

‫)‪ (1‬ﻫﻮ ﺧﻠﻒ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﳌﻠﻚ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮد ﺑﻦ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﺑﻦ ﺑﺸﻜﻮال‪ ٬‬أﺑﻮ اﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ‪ ٬‬اﻷﻧﺼﺎري‪ ٬‬اﻷﻧﺪﻟﺴﻲ‪ ٬‬ﳏﺪث اﻷﻧﺪﻟﺲ وﻣﺆرﺧﻬﺎ‪٬‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺷﻴﻮﺧﻪ‪ :‬ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﺮﲪﺎن ﺑﻦ ﻋﺘﺎب‪ ٬‬واﺑﻦ رﺷﺪ اﻟﻔﻘﻴﻪ‪ ٬‬ﻣﻦ ﺗﻼﻣﻴﺬﻩ‪ :‬أﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺑﻦ اﳋﲑ‪٬‬وأﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ رﺷﺪ‪ ٬‬أﻟﻒ ﲬﺴﲔ ﺗﺄﻟﻴﻔﺎ ﰲ أﻧﻮاع‬
‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‪ ٬‬ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﺻﻠﺔ ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ اﺑﻦ اﻟﻔﺮﺿﻲ‪ ٬‬ﻣﺎت ﺳﻨﺔ‪578 :‬ه‪ .‬ﻳﻨﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺗﺬﻛﺮة اﳊﻔﺎظ‪ ٬‬ﴰﺲ اﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ أﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺜﻤﺎن اﻟﺬﻫﱯ‪٬‬‬
‫ﲢﻘﻴﻖ‪ :‬ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﺮﲪﺎن ﺑﻦ ﳛﲕ اﳌﻌﻠﻤﻲ‪ ٬‬داﺋﺮة اﳌﻌﺎرف اﻟﻌﺜﻤﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪) ٬‬د‪.‬م‪.‬ن(‪) ٬‬د‪.‬ط(‪1374 ٬‬ه‪.230-229/13 ٬‬‬
‫)‪ (2‬اﻟﺼﻠﺔ ﰲ ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ أﺋﻤﺔ اﻷﻧﺪﻟﺲ وﻋﻠﻤﺎﺋﻬﻢ وﳏﺪﺛﻴﻬﻢ وﻓﻘﻬﺎﺋﻬﻢ وأدﺑﺎﺋﻬﻢ‪ ٬‬أﺑﻮ اﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺑﺸﻜﻮال‪ ٬‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪.279/1 ٬‬‬
‫‪28‬‬
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‫!‪A pdf writer that produces quality PDF files with ease‬‬
‫‪Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original documents. Compatible across‬‬
‫‪nearly all Windows platforms, simply open the document you want to convert, click “print”, select the‬‬
‫!‪“Broadgun pdfMachine printer” and that’s it! Get yours now‬‬
‫ﻣﺪﺧ ـ ـ ـﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼـ ـ ـﻞ اﻷول‪:‬‬

‫وﻛﺎن ﻣﻦ ﲝﻮر اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‪ ٬‬وﻣﻦ أﺋﻤﺔ اﻷﻧﺪﻟﺲ ﰲ ﻋﺼﺮﻩ)‪.(1‬‬

‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﻴﻞ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﺷﻴﺦ اﻹﻗﺮاء‪ ٬‬ﻣﺴﻨﺪ اﻟﻘﺮاء‪ ٬‬وﻋﻤﺪة أﻫﻞ اﻷداء)‪.(2‬‬
‫وﻫﻮ ﳏﺪث ﻓﺎﺿﻞ زاﻫﺪ‪ ٬‬ﻛﺎن إﻣﺎم وﻗﺘﻪ ﰲ اﻹﻗﺮاء رواﻳﺔ وﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ‪ ٬‬ﳎﺎب اﻟﺪﻋﻮة)‪.(3‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﺮع اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬وﻓﺎﺗﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻮﰲ ﻳﻮم اﻷرﺑﻌﺎء ﺑﻌﺪ ﺻﻼة اﻟﻈﻬﺮ‪ ٬‬ودﻓﻦ ﻳﻮم اﳋﻤﻴﺲ ﻟﺼﻼة اﻟﻌﺼﺮ ﲟﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺑﻠﻨﺴﻴﺔ‪ ٬‬واﺣﺘﻔﻞ‬
‫اﻟﻨﺎس ﳉﻨﺎزﺗﻪ‪ ٬‬وﺗﺰاﲪﻮا ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻌﺸﻪ‪ ٬‬وذﻟﻚ ﰲ رﻣﻀﺎن ﻟﺴﺖ ﻋﺸﺮة ﻟﻴﻠﺔ ﺧﻠﺖ ﻣﻨﻪ‪ ٬‬ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺖ وﺗﺴﻌﲔ‬
‫وأرﺑﻊ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ)‪.(4‬‬

‫)‪ (1‬ﺳﲑ أﻋﻼم اﻟﻨﺒﻼء‪ ٬‬ﴰﺲ اﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ أﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺜﻤﺎن اﻟﺬﻫﱯ‪ ٬‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪.170/19 ٬‬‬
‫)‪ (2‬ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ اﻟﻘﺮاء اﻟﻜﺒﺎر ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻄﺒﻘﺎت واﻷﻋﺼﺎر‪ ٬‬ﴰﺲ اﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ أﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺜﻤﺎن اﻟﺬﻫﱯ‪ ٬‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪.862/2 ٬‬‬
‫)‪ (3‬ﺑﻐﻴﺔ اﳌﻠﺘﻤﺲ ﰲ ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ رﺟﺎل أﻫﻞ اﻷﻧﺪﻟﺲ‪ ٬‬أﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﳛﲕ ﻳﻦ أﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﲑة اﻟﻀﱯ‪ ٬‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪.386/2 ٬‬‬
‫)‪ (4‬اﻟﺼﻠﺔ ﰲ ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ أﺋﻤﺔ اﻷﻧﺪﻟﺲ وﻋﻠﻤﺎﺋﻬﻢ وﳏﺪﺛﻴﻬﻢ وﻓﻘﻬﺎﺋﻬﻢ وأدﺑﺎﺋﻬﻢ‪ ٬‬ﻷﰊ اﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ اﺑﻦ ﺑﺸﻜﻮال‪ ٬‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪.280/1 ٬‬‬
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‫‪pdfMachine‬‬
‫!‪A pdf writer that produces quality PDF files with ease‬‬
‫‪Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original documents. Compatible across‬‬
‫‪nearly all Windows platforms, simply open the document you want to convert, click “print”, select the‬‬
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 ‫اﻟﻤﺒﺤﺚ اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ‬

.‫اﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺑﻜﺘﺎب أﺻﻮل اﻟﻀﺒﻂ‬

:‫وﻳﺸﺘﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ‬
.‫ وﻣﺴﻠﻚ اﻟﻤﺆﻟﱢﻒ ﻓﻴﻪ‬٬‫ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺗﺄﻟﻴﻔﻪ‬٬‫ اﺳﻢ اﻟﻜﺘﺎب‬:‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﺐ اﻷول‬
.‫ وﻣﺼﺎدر اﻟﻤﺆﻟﱢﻒ ﻓﻴﻪ‬٬‫ اﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻜﺘﺎب‬:‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﺐ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬
.‫ أﺑ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـﻮاب اﻟﻜﺘـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـﺎب‬:‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﺐ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬

pdfMachine
A pdf writer that produces quality PDF files with ease!
Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original documents. Compatible across
nearly all Windows platforms, simply open the document you want to convert, click “print”, select the
“Broadgun pdfMachine printer” and that’s it! Get yours now!
‫ﻣﺪﺧـ ـﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼـ ـ ـﻞ اﻷول‪:‬‬

‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﺐ اﻷول‪ :‬اﺳﻢ اﻟﻜﺘﺎب‪ ٬‬ﺳﺒﺐ ﺗﺄﻟﻴﻔﻪ‪ ٬‬وﻣﺴﻠﻚ اﻟﻤﺆﻟﱢﻒ ﻓﻴﻪ‪.‬‬

‫وﻳﺸﻤﻞ‪ :‬اﺳﻢ اﻟﻜﺘﺎب‪ ٬‬وﺳﺒﺐ ﺗﺄﻟﻴﻔﻪ‪ ٬‬وﻣﺴﻠﻚ اﳌﺆﻟﱢﻒ ﻓﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﺮع اﻷول‪ :‬اﺳﻢ اﻟﻜﺘﺎب‪:‬‬
‫اﺳﻤﻪ‪ :‬ﻛﺘﺎب أﺻﻮل اﻟﻀﺒﻂ وﻛﻴﻔﻴﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻬﺔ اﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎر‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﻜﺬا أوردﻩ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪ ﰲ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ‪ ٬‬و ﺬا اﻟﻌﻨﻮان ُﺣﻘﻖ وﻃُﺒﻊ)‪.(1‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﺮع اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬ﺳﺒﺐ ﺗﺄﻟﻴﻔﻪ‪:‬‬
‫ﳌﺎ أﻟﱠﻒ أﺑﻮ داود ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ اﻟﺬي ﲰﺎﻩ اﻟﺘﺒﻴﲔ ﳍﺠﺎء اﻟﺘﻨﺰﻳﻞ وﻛﺎن ﻳﺸﲑ إﻟﻴﻪ ﰲ ﳐﺘﺼﺮ اﻟﺘﺒﻴﲔ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺘﺎب‬
‫اﻟﻜﺒﲑ‪ ٬‬واﳌﺘﻀﻤﻦ اﻟﻘﺮاءات وﻫﺠﺎء ﻣﺼﺎﺣﻒ اﻷﻣﺼﺎر‪ ٬‬واﻷﺣﻜﺎم واﻷﺻﻮل‪ ٬‬وﻏﲑﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻠﻮم اﻟﻘﺮآن‬
‫ﺗﻮاردت ﻋﻠﻴﻪ أﺳﺌﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻼد ﺷﱴ ﻳﻠﺘﻤﺲ أﺻﺤﺎ ﺎ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺗﻠﺨﻴﺺ اﻟﺮﺳﻢ وﻫﺠﺎء اﳌﺼﺎﺣﻒ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ‪ ٬‬دون ﺑﻘﻴﺔ ﻣﻮاﺿﻴﻌﻪ‪ ٬‬ﻓﻴﺠﺮد اﻟﺮﺳﻢ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﺘﺎب اﳌﺬﻛﻮر‪ ٬‬ﰒ رﻏﺒﻮا أن ﳚﻌﻞ ﳍﻢ ﰲ ذﻳﻠﻪ أﺻﻮﻻ‬
‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻀﺒﻂ‪ ٬‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺮاءة ﻧﺎﻓﻊ)‪ (2‬وﻣﻦ واﻓﻘﻪ‪ ٬‬إذ ﻣﺼﺎﺣﻒ اﻷﻧﺪﻟﺲ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ أو ﻣﻌﻈﻤﻬﺎ إﳕﺎ ﺗﻀﺒﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻗﺮاءﺗﻪ‪ ٬‬ﻗﺎل اﻹﻣﺎم‪ :‬وﻫﺬا ﻛﺘﺎب أذﻛﺮ ﻓﻴﻪ أﺻﻮل اﻟﻀﺒﻂ ﻟﻜﺘﺎب اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺮاءة ﻧﺎﻓﻊ وﻣﻦ واﻓﻘﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺳﺎﺋﺮ اﻷﺋﻤﺔ‪ ٬‬إذ ﻗﺪ أﻓﺮدﻧﺎ ﰲ اﻟﻀﺒﻂ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺎ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺎ ﻟﻠﻘﺮاء اﻟﺴﺒﻌﺔ ﻣﻦ ﲨﻴﻊ ﻃﺮﻗﻬﻢ‪ ٬‬وﻗﺼﺪﻧﺎ ﻫﻨﺎ إﱃ‬
‫اﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎر)‪ ٬(3‬وﻫﺬا ﻳﺪل ﻋﻠﻰ أن اﻹﻣﺎم أﻟﻒ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺎ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺎ ﰲ اﻟﻀﺒﻂ ﻟﻠﻘﺮاء اﻟﺴﺒﻌﺔ‪ ٬‬ﰒ اﺧﺘﺼﺮ ﻣﻨﻪ‬
‫ﻫﺬا اﻟﻜﺘﺎب‪ ٬‬واﻗﺘﺼﺮ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺿﺒﻂ ﻗﺮاءة ﻧﺎﻓﻊ وﻣﻦ واﻓﻘﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺳﺎﺋﺮ اﻷﺋﻤﺔ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (1‬ﻃُﺒﻊ ﺑﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ‪ :‬أﲪﺪ ﺷﺮﺷﺎل‪ ٬‬ﻃﺒﻌﻪ ﳎﻤﻊ اﳌﻠﻚ ﻓﻬﺪ ﻟﻄﺒﺎﻋﺔ اﳌﺼﺤﻒ اﻟﺸﺮﻳﻒ‪ ٬‬اﻟﺴﻌﻮدﻳﺔ‪ ٬‬ط‪ 1‬ﺳﻨﺔ‪1427 :‬ه‪ ٬‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻃﺒﻊ‬
‫اﳌﺮة اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺑﺪار اﺑﻦ اﳊﻔﺼﻲ اﳉﺰاﺋﺮي‪ ٬‬ﺑﻌﻨﺎﻳﺔ‪ :‬أﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﺘﻮاب ﻋﺒﺪ ا ﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ رﻳﺎش‪ ٬‬ﺳﻨﺔ‪2013 :‬م‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (2‬ﻫﻮ ﻧﺎﻓﻊ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ أﰊ ﻧﻌﻴﻢ‪ ٬‬أﺑﻮ روﱘ‪ ٬‬أﺣﺪ اﻟﻘﺮاء اﻟﺴﺒﻌﺔ واﻷﻋﻼم‪ ٬‬ﺛﻘﺔ ﺻﺎﱀ‪ ٬‬أﺻﻠﻪ ﻣﻦ أﺻﻔﻬﺎن‪ ٬‬ﻗﺮأ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻌﲔ‬
‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌﲔ‪ ٬‬ﻣﻦ ﺷﻴﻮﺧﻪ‪ :‬ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﺮﲪﺎن ﺑﻦ ﻫﺮﻣﺰ‪ ٬‬ﺷﻴﺒﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻧﺼﺎح وﻏﲑﻫﻢ‪ ٬‬وﻣﻦ ﺗﻼﻣﻴﺬﻩ‪ :‬ﻋﻴﺴﻰ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻴﻨﺎ‪ ٬‬ﻋﺜﻤﺎن ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ورش‪٬‬‬
‫ﻣﺎت ﺳﻨﺔ‪69 :‬ه‪ .‬ﻳﻨﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﻏﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﰲ ﻃﺒﻘﺎت اﻟﻘﺮاء‪ ٬‬ﴰﺲ اﻟﺪﻳﻦ أﰊ اﳋﲑ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ اﳉﺰري‪ ٬‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ‬
‫ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪.291-288/2 ٬‬‬
‫)‪ (3‬أﺻﻮل اﻟﻀﺒﻂ وﻛﻴﻔﻴﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻬﺔ اﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎر‪ ٬‬أﺑﻮ داود ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎن ﺑﻦ ﳒﺎح‪ ٬‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪ ٬‬ص‪.13‬‬

‫‪31‬‬
‫‪pdfMachine‬‬
‫!‪A pdf writer that produces quality PDF files with ease‬‬
‫‪Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original documents. Compatible across‬‬
‫‪nearly all Windows platforms, simply open the document you want to convert, click “print”, select the‬‬
‫!‪“Broadgun pdfMachine printer” and that’s it! Get yours now‬‬
‫ﻣﺪﺧـ ـﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼـ ـ ـﻞ اﻷول‪:‬‬

‫اﻟﻔﺮع اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ :‬ﻣﺴﻠﻚ اﻟﻤﺆﻟﱢﻒ ﻓﻴﻪ‪.‬‬

‫ﱂ ﻳﻘﺪم اﳌﺆﻟﱢﻒ ﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﻪ ﺷﻴﺌﺎً‪ ٬‬ﻓﺘﺤﺪث ﻋﻦ ﻣﻮاﺿﻊ اﳊﺮﻛﺎت واﻟﺘﻨﻮﻳﻦ‪ ٬‬ﰒ أﻋﻘﺐ ذﻟﻚ ﺑﺬﻛﺮ‬
‫اﻻﺧﺘﻼس واﻹﴰﺎم‪ ٬‬وﻧﻘﻞ ﻋﻦ أﺳﺘﺎذﻩ أﰊ ﻋﻤﺮو اﻟﺪاﱐ‪ ٬‬ﰒ أﻋﻠﻦ ﳐﺎﻟﻔﺘﻪ ﰲ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺒﺎب واﺧﺘﺎر ﺗﺮك‬
‫ﻋﺸﺮ ﻛﻠﻤﺎت ﻣﻨﻬﻦ؛ ﻟﻌﻠﻤﻪ أن اﻟﺘﻠﻘﻲ واﳌﺸﺎﻓﻬﺔ ﳘﺎ اﻟﻜﻔﻴﻼن ﺑﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ اﻟﻨﻄﻖ اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ اﻟﺴﻠﻴﻢ‪ ٬‬ﰒ ذﻛﺮ‬
‫ﻋﺪة أﺑﻮاب أﺧﺮى ﻛﺄﻧﻮاع ﻋﻼﻣﺎت اﻟﺴﻜﻮن‪ ٬‬وﺑﺎب اﻟﺘﺸﺪﻳﺪ وﻛﻴﻔﻴﺘﻪ‪ ٬‬ﰒ ذﻛﺮ ﺑﺎب اﳌﺪ وﻣﻮﺿﻌﻪ‬
‫وﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ذﻟﻚ‪ ٬‬وﻛﺬا ﺣﺮوف اﳌﺪ‪ ٬‬وﻣﻮاﺿﻊ اﳍﻤﺰات ﻣﻨﻬﻦ واﻣﺘﺤﺎن ﻣﻮﺿﻌﻬﺎ‪ ٬‬ﰒ اﻧﺘﻘﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ إﱃ أﺣﻜﺎم‬
‫ﺗﻠﻴﲔ اﳍﻤﺰات‪ ٬‬وﺑﺪأ ﺑﺎﳍﻤﺰة اﳌﻔﺮدة‪ ٬‬ﰒ اﳍﻤﺰﺗﲔ اﻟﻠﺘﲔ ﰲ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ واﺣﺪة‪ ٬‬ﰒ أﻋﻘﺒﻪ ﺑﺒﺎب ﻧﻘﻂ ﻣﺎ ﻧﻘﺺ‬
‫ﻫﺠﺎﺋﻪ‪ ٬‬ﰒ ﺗﺮﺟﻢ ﻷﺣﻜﺎم ﻧﻘﻂ ﻣﺎ زﻳﺪ ﰲ ﻫﺠﺎﺋﻪ‪ ٬‬ﻟﻴﺬﻛﺮ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ ﺑﺎب اﻟﺪارات اﻟﱵ ﲡﻌﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ اﳊﺮوف‬
‫اﻟﺰواﺋﺪ واﳊﺮوف اﳌﺨﻔﻔﺔ‪ ٬‬وﺧﺘﻢ اﻟﻜﺘﺎب ﺑﺒﺎب ذﻛﺮ ﻓﻴﻪ اﻟﻼم اﳌﻈﻔﺮة)‪.(1‬‬
‫* ﻣﺜﺎل‪ :‬ﻣﺴﻠﻜﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺑﺎب اﻟﻤﻂ وﻣﻮﺿﻌﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺮوف اﻟﻤﺪ واﻟﻠﻴﻦ وﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ذﻟﻚ‪:‬‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪﻣﺎ ﺟﻌﻞ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻟﻠﺒﺎب‪ ٬‬ﱠﺑﲔ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺿﺒﻂ ﺣﺮوف اﳌﺪ إذا أﺗﻰ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﳘﺰ أو ﺳﻜﻮن ﰲ‬
‫ﻣﺼﺎﺣﻒ أﻫﻞ ﺑﻠﺪﻩ‪ ٬‬وﻫﺬا إن ﻛﺎن ﻫﻨﺎك اﺗﻔﺎق ﰲ ﺿﺒﻂ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‪ ٬‬أﻣﺎ إذا ﻛﺎن ﻫﻨﺎك اﺧﺘﻼف ﺑﲔ‬
‫اﳌﺼﺎﺣﻒ ﰲ ﺿﺒﻂ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ اﻟﻘﺮآﻧﻴﺔ‪ ٬‬ﻛﺎﳌﺪ اﶈﺬوف ﻟﻌﻠﺔ أو ﻛﺎن ﺣﺮﻓﺎً زاﺋﺪاً؛ ﺻﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﻀﻤﲑ أو ﳌﻴﻢ‬
‫اﳉﻤﻊ‪ ٬‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻳﺒﲔ أوﺟﻪ ﺿﺒﻄﻬﺎ وإن ﺗﻌﺪدت‪ ٬‬ﰒ ﻳﺬﻛﺮ اﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﳌﺨﺘﺎر ﻋﻨﺪﻩ‪ ٬‬ﻓﻘﺪ ذﻛﺮ ﰲ اﳌﺪ اﶈﺬوف‬
‫ﻟﻌﻠﺔ وﺟﻬﺎن واﺧﺘﺎر اﻷول ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪ ٬‬ﰒ ﱠﺑﲔ ﺳﺒﺐ اﺧﺘﻴﺎرﻩ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ)‪ ٬(2‬وأﺣﻴﺎﻧﺎً ﻻ ﻳﺬﻛﺮ ﺳﺒﺐ اﺧﺘﻴﺎرﻩ ﰲ‬
‫وﳛﻴﻠﻚ إﱃ ﻛﺘﺒﻪ اﻷﺧﺮى‪.‬‬‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ أﺻﻮل اﻟﻀﺒﻂ‪ُ ٬‬‬

‫)‪ (1‬أﺻﻮل اﻟﻀﺒﻂ وﻛﻴﻔﻴﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻬﺔ اﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎر‪ ٬‬أﺑﻮ داود ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎن ﺑﻦ ﳒﺎح‪ ٬‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪ ٬‬ص‪.17‬‬
‫)‪ (2‬ﻳﻨﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ اﻟﺘﺒﻴﲔ ﳍﺠﺎء اﻟﺘﻨﺰﻳﻞ‪ ٬‬أﺑﻮ داود ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎن ﺑﻦ ﳒﺎح‪ ٬‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪ ٬‬ص‪.113‬‬

‫‪32‬‬
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‫ﻣﺪﺧـ ـﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼـ ـ ـﻞ اﻷول‪:‬‬

‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﺐ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬اﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻜﺘﺎب‪ ٬‬وﻣﺼﺎدر اﻟﻤﺆﻟﱢﻒ ﻓﻴﻪ‪.‬‬

‫وﻳﺸﻤﻞ اﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻜﺘﺎب‪ ٬‬وﻣﺼﺎدر اﳌﺆﻟﻒ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﺮع اﻷول‪ :‬اﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻜﺘﺎب‪.‬‬
‫وﲞﺎﺻﺔ ﰲ اﻟﻘﺮآن وﻋﻠﻮﻣﻪ ‪ ٬‬ﳌﺎ اﻣﺘﺎز ﺑﻪ‬
‫ّ‬ ‫ﺗُﻌﺪ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﺎت اﻹﻣﺎم ﻛﻠﻬﺎ ذات أﳘﻴّﺔ ﰲ ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ اﻟﱰاث‪٬‬‬
‫ﺻﻨﱢﻒ ﰲ ﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﻀﺒﻂ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻣﺆﻟ ُﻔﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻌﺔ ودراﻳﺔ ﰲ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‪ ٬‬وﻳﻌﺘﱪ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ أﺻﻮل اﻟﻀﺒﻂ ﻣﻦ أﻫﻢ ﻣﺎ ُ‬
‫اﻟﻘﺮآﱐ‪ ٬‬وﺗﺘﺠﻠﻰ أﳘﻴّﺘﻪ ﰲ أﻣﻮر ﻛﺜﲑة‪ ٬‬ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬اﻷﳘﻴﺔ اﻟﻜﱪى اﻟﱵ ُﺣ ِﻈﻲ ﺎ اﻟﻜﺘﺎب‪ ٬‬ﲟﺎ ﺟﺎء ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ وﺻﻒ دﻗﻴﻖ ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺔ وﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻧﻘﻂ اﳌﺼﺎﺣﻒ‪ ٬‬وإﻋﺮا ﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻘﻂ واﻟﺸﻜﻞ‪ ٬‬وﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ذﻟﻚ‪ ٬‬ﻓﺎﺣﺘﻞ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺑﲔ ﻛﺘﺐ ذﻟﻚ‬
‫اﻟﻔﻦ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﳌﺆﻟﻔﻪ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ وﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ أﺷﻬﺮ اﳌﺆﻟﻔﲔ ﰲ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‪ ٬‬ﺣﻴﺚ اﻋﺘﻤﺪ ﻧُ ﱠﺴﺎخ اﳌﺼﺎﺣﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫أﻗﻮاﻟﻪ‪ ٬‬وآراﺋﻪ‪ ٬‬ورﺟﺤﻮﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺬﻫﺐ أﰊ ﻋﻤﺮو اﻟﺪاﱐ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -3‬ﻳﻌﺘﱪ ﻛﺘﺎب أﺻﻮل اﻟﻀﺒﻂ ﻣﻦ أﻗﺪم اﻟﻜﺘﺐ اﳌﺆﻟﻔﺔ ﰲ ﻋﻠﻢ ﻧﻘﻂ اﳌﺼﺎﺣﻒ‪ ٬‬وإﻋﺮا ﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻜﻞ‪٬‬‬
‫وﻫﻮ أول ﻛﺘﺎب ﺗﺮﺧﺺ ﰲ اﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل اﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﰲ اﳌﺼﺎﺣﻒ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -4‬ﺻ ﱠﻮر ﻟﻨﺎ اﻟﻜﺘﺎب ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﻨﺎس زﻣﻦ أﰊ داود ﰲ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺿﺒﻂ اﳌﺼﺎﺣﻒ‪ ٬‬وﺗﻄﻮرﻩ ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -5‬ﺟﺮى ﻋﻤﻞ اﳌﺼﺎﺣﻒ ﰲ ﻛﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﻀﺒﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ اﺧﺘﻴﺎر اﻹﻣﺎم– رﲪﻪ اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪.-‬‬
‫‪ -6‬اﺳﺘﻔﺎدة ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﺘﺐ اﻟﻜﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء ﻛﻤﻮﱃ اﻟﻔﺨﺎر)‪ (1‬ﰲ اﻟﺪرة اﳉﻠﻴﺔ‪ ٬‬واﳋﺮاز)‪ (2‬ﰲ ﻧﻈﻤﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -7‬ﻟﺸﺮف ِذﻛﺮ اﺳﻢ أﰊ داود ﰲ آﺧﺮ اﳌﺼﺎﺣﻒ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺎ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (1‬ﻫﻮ ﻣﻴﻤﻮن ﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ اﳌﺼﻤﻮدي‪ ٬‬اﳌﻌﺮوف ﺑﻐﻼم اﻟﻔﺨﺎر‪ ٬‬ﻓﻘﻴﻪ‪ ٬‬وإﻣﺎم ﻣﻘﺮئ‪ ٬‬ﻛﺎن ﻣﻮﱃ ﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻳﺪﻋﻰ أﺑﺎ ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲ اﻟﻔﺨﺎر‪ ٬‬ﻟﻪ‬
‫ﺗﺼﺎﻧﻴﻒ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ :‬اﻟﺪرة اﳉﻠﻴﺔ‪ ٬‬ﻣﺎت ﺑﻔﺎس ﺟﻮﻋﺎ ﺳﻨﺔ‪816 :‬ه‪ .‬ﻳﻨﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﻣﻌﺠﻢ اﳌﺆﻟﻔﲔ‪ ٬‬ﻋﻤﺮ رﺿﺎ ﻛﺤﺎﻟﺔ‪ ٬‬ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺔ اﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ‪ ٬‬ﺑﲑوت‪٬‬‬
‫ط‪ ٬1‬ﺳﻨﺔ‪1414:‬ه‪1993 ٬‬م‪.950/3 ٬‬‬
‫)‪ (2‬ﻫﻮ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ إﺑﺮاﻫﻴﻢ‪ ٬‬أﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲ اﳋﺮاز اﳌﻐﺮﰊ‪ ٬‬ﻋﺎﱂ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮاءات‪ ٬‬ﲰﻊ اﻟﻜﺜﲑ‪ ٬‬وﺗﺘﻠﻤﺬ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺪة ﺷﻴﻮ‪ J‬ﻣﻨﻬﻢ‪ :‬أﰊ‬
‫ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲ ﺑﻦ اﻟﻘﺼﺎب‪ ٬‬وﻣﻦ ﺗﻼﻣﻴﺬﻩ‪ :‬ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ اﻟﺼﻨﻬﺎﺟﻲ‪ ٬‬ﻟﻪ ﻋﺪة ﻣﺼﻨﻔﺎت ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﻣﻮرد اﻟﻈﻤﺂن ﰲ ﺣﻜﻢ رﺳﻢ أﺣﺮف‬
‫اﻟﻘﺮآن‪ ٬‬ﻣﺎت ﺳﻨﺔ‪718 :‬ه‪ .‬ﻳﻨﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﻏﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﰲ ﻃﺒﻘﺎت اﻟﻘﺮاء‪ ٬‬ﴰﺲ اﻟﺪﻳﻦ أﰊ اﳋﲑ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ‬
‫اﳉﺰري‪ ٬‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪.208/2 ٬‬‬

‫‪33‬‬
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‫‪Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original documents. Compatible across‬‬
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‫ﻣﺪﺧـ ـﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼـ ـ ـﻞ اﻷول‪:‬‬

‫‪ -8‬ﺗﻨﺎول ﻗﺮاءة ﻧﺎﻓﻊ وﻣﻦ واﻓﻘﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺳﺎﺋﺮ اﻟﻘﺮاء اﻟﺴﺒﻌﺔ‪ ٬‬ورﺑﻄﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻀﺒﻂ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -9‬اﳌﺎدة اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ اﶈﻜﻤﺔ واﳌﺨﺘﺼﺮة ﻟﻠﻜﺘﺎب اﻟﱵ أودع ﻓﻴﻬﺎ اﳌﺆﻟِﻒ أﻫﻢ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ اﳋﻼف‪ ٬‬وﰲ ﻛﺜﲑ‬
‫ُ‬
‫ﻣﻦ اﻷﺣﻴﺎن ﻳﺬﻛﺮ ﳐﺘﺎرﻩ ﻫﻮ ﻓﻘﻂ‪ ٬‬ﺑﻠﻔﻆ ﻣﻮﺟﺰ‪ ٬‬وﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﳏﻜﻢ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﺮع اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬ﻣﺼﺎدر اﻟﻤﺆﻟﱢﻒ ﻓﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻻ ﺷﻚ أن اﻹﻣﺎم أﺑﻮ داود ﻗﺪ اﺳﺘﻔﺎد ﻣﻦ أﻏﻠﺐ اﻟﻜﺘﺐ اﻟﱵ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﰲ ﻋﺼﺮﻩ‪ ٬‬واﻟﱵ دﺧﻠﺖ‬
‫اﻷﻧﺪﻟﺲ‪ ٬‬ﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﱂ ﻳﺼﺮح ﻋﻦ ﻣﺼﺎدرﻩ اﻟﱵ اﻋﺘﻤﺪﻫﺎ ﰲ اﻟﻜﺘﺎب إﻻ ﺑﺬﻛﺮ ﻛﺘﺎب واﺣﺪ وﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﻛﺘﺎب‬
‫اﶈﻜﻢ ﰲ ﻧﻘﻂ اﳌﺼﺎﺣﻒ‪ ٬‬اﻟﺬي أﻟﻔﻪ ﺷﻴﺨﻪ وأﺳﺘﺎذﻩ‪ :‬أﺑﻮ ﻋﻤﺮو ﻋﺜﻤﺎن ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ اﻟﺪاﱐ‪ ٬‬اﻟﺬي ﺻﺮح‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﻋﻨﻪ ﰲ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ أﺑﻮاب‪ ٬‬وﻫﻲ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﻮﺿﻊ اﻷول‪ :‬ﻧﻘﻞ ﻋﻨﻪ ﰲ ﺑﺎب‪ :‬ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻣﺎ ﻻ ﻳﺸﺒﻊ ﻣﻦ اﳊﺮﻛﺎت ﻓﻴﺨﺘﻠﺲ أو ﳜﻔﻰ أو‬
‫)‪(1‬‬
‫ﻧﻀﺮ اﷲ وﺟﻬﻪ‪ :‬اﻋﻠﻢ أن اﳊﺮﻛﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﺸﻢ‪ ٬‬ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ‪ :‬ﻗﺎل أﺳﺘﺎذﻧﺎ اﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﻋﺜﻤﺎن ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ اﻟﺼﲑﰲ‬
‫اﳌﺨﺘﻠﺴﺔ‪ ...‬ﰒ ﺗﻌﻘﺒﻪ)‪.(2‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﻮﺿﻊ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪:‬ﻧﻘﻞ ﻋﻨﻪ ﰲ ذﻛﺮ ﻣﺎ اﺟﺘﻤﻊ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻳﺎءان ﻓﺤﺬﻓﺖ إﺣﺪاﳘﺎ اﺧﺘﺼﺎرا‪ ٬‬ﰲ ﻣﻮﺿﻌﲔ‬
‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻬﻤﺎ‪ ٬‬ﻗﺎل‪ :‬وﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﻧﻘﻂ ذﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ ٬‬اﻟﺬي اﺧﱰﺗﻪ أﻧﺎ وﻏﻠﺒﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻟﺬي اﺧﺘﺎرﻩ‬
‫أﺳﺘﺎذﻧﺎ أﺑﻮ ﻋﻤﺮو‪.(3)...‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﻮﺿﻊ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ :‬ﻧﻘﻞ ﰲ ﺑﺎب اﻟﺪارات اﻟﱵ ﲡﻌﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ اﳊﺮوف اﻟﺰاﺋﺪة واﳊﺮوف اﳌﺨﻔﻔﺔ‪ ٬‬ﻗﺎل‪:‬‬
‫ﻓﺤﺪﺛﻨﺎ اﳊﺎﻓﻆ أﺑﻮ ﻋﻤﺮو ﻋﺜﻤﺎن ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ اﻟﺼﲑﰲ – ﻧﻀﺮ اﷲ وﺟﻬﻪ ‪ -‬ﻗﺎل ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ‪.(4)...‬‬

‫)‪ (1‬اﶈﻜﻢ ﰲ ﻧﻘﻂ اﳌﺼﺎﺣﻒ‪ ٬‬ﻋﺜﻤﺎن ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ اﻟﺪاﱐ‪ ٬‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪ ٬‬ص ‪.44‬‬
‫)‪ (2‬أﺻﻮل اﻟﻀﺒﻂ وﻛﻴﻔﻴﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻬﺔ اﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎر‪ ٬‬أﺑﻮ داود ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎن ﺑﻦ ﳒﺎح‪ ٬‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪ ٬‬ص ‪.38-31‬‬
‫)‪ (3‬اﳌﺮﺟﻊ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‪ ٬‬ص ‪.193‬‬
‫)‪ (4‬اﳌﺮﺟﻊ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‪ ٬‬ص ‪.246 -245‬‬

‫‪34‬‬
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‫ﻣﺪﺧـ ـﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼـ ـ ـﻞ اﻷول‪:‬‬

‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﺐ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ :‬أﺑﻮاب اﻟﻜﺘﺎب‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﻀﻤﻦ اﻟﻜﺘﺎب ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ‪ ٬‬وﲬﺴﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ ﺑﺎﺑﺎ وﺧﺎﲤﺔ‪ ٬‬وﻫﺬﻩ اﻷﺑﻮاب ﻣﺮﺗﺒﺔ ﻛﺎﻵﰐ‪:‬‬
‫‪ .1‬ذﻛﺮ ﻣﻮاﺿﻊ اﳊﺮﻛﺎت اﳌﺘﺘﺎﺑﻌﺎت وﺗﻨﻮﻳﻨﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .2‬ﺑﺎب ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻣﺎ ﻻ ﻳﺸﺒﻊ ﻣﻦ اﳊﺮﻛﺎت ﻓﻴﺨﺘﻠﺲ أو ﳜﻔﻰ أو ﻳﺸﻢ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .3‬ﺑﺎب أﺣﻜﺎم اﻟﺼﻼت ﻷﻟﻔﺎت اﻟﻮﺻﻞ‪ ٬‬وﻛﻴﻔﻴﺘﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .4‬ﺑﺎب ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ اﻻﺑﺘﺪاء ﺑﺄﻟﻒ اﻟﻮﺻﻞ‪ ٬‬وﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﻧﻘﻄﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .5‬ﺑﺎب أﺣﻜﺎم اﻟﻨﻮن اﻟﺴﺎﻛﻨﺔ وﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ وﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﻧﻘﻄﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .6‬ﺑﺎب أﺣﻜﺎم اﳌﻈﻬﺮ واﳌﺪﻏﻢ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .7‬ﺑﺎب اﳌﻂ وﻣﻮﺿﻌﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺮوف اﳌﺪ واﻟﻠﲔ‪ ٬‬وﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ذﻟﻚ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .8‬ﺑﺎب ﺣﺮوف اﳌﺪ‪ ٬‬وﻣﻮاﺿﻊ اﳍﻤﺰات ﻣﻨﻬﻦ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .9‬ﺑﺎب اﻣﺘﺤﺎن ﻣﻮاﺿﻊ اﳍﻤﺰات ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﻼم‪.‬‬
‫‪ .10‬ﺑﺎب أﺣﻜﺎم ﺗﻠﻴﲔ اﳍﻤﺰة‪.‬‬
‫‪ .11‬ﺑﺎب ذﻛﺮ اﳍﻤﺰﺗﲔ اﻟﻠﺘﲔ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻠﻤﺘﲔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .12‬ﺑﺎب ﻧﻘﻂ ﻣﺎ ﻧﻘﺺ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺠﺎﺋﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .13‬ﺑﺎب أﺣﻜﺎم ﻧﻘﻂ ﻣﺎ زﻳﺪ ﰲ ﻫﺠﺎﺋﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .14‬ﺑﺎب اﻟﺪارات اﻟﱵ ﲡﻌﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ اﳊﺮوف اﻟﺰاﺋﺪة واﳊﺮوف اﳌﺨﻔﻔﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .15‬ﺑﺎب اﻟﻼم أﻟﻒ اﳌﻈﻔﺮة وأي اﻟﻄﺮﻓﲔ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻫﻮ اﻟﻼم‪.‬‬

‫‪35‬‬
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 :‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬

:‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎرات أﺑﻲ داود ﻓﻲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑ ــﻪ‬

:‫وﻳﺸﻤﻞ ﲬﺴﺔ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ‬

.‫ ﺿﺒﻂ اﻹدﻏﺎم اﻟﻨﺎﻗﺺ واﻟﻤﺪ اﻟﻤﺤﺬوف رﺳﻤﺎ‬:‫اﻟﻤﺒﺤﺚ اﻷول‬

.‫ ﻣﺎ اﺟﺘﻤﻊ ﻓﻴﻪ أﻟﻔﺎن ورﺳﻢ ﺑﻮاﺣ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـﺪة‬:‫اﻟﻤﺒﺤﺚ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬

.‫ ﻣﺎ اﺟﺘﻤﻌﺖ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻳﺎءان ورﺳﻢ ﺑﻮاﺣﺪة‬:‫اﻟﻤﺒﺤﺚ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬

.‫ ﻣﺎ اﺟﺘﻤﻊ ﻓﻴﻪ واوان ورﺳﻢ ﺑﻮاﺣـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـﺪة‬:‫اﻟﻤﺒﺤﺚ اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ‬

‫ وﻣﺎ ﻳﻮﺿﻊ‬٬‫ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺿﺒﻂ ﻣﺎ زﻳﺪ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺠﺎﺋﻪ‬:‫اﻟﻤﺒﺤﺚ اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ‬

.‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺤﺮف اﻟﺰاﺋﺪ واﻟﻤﺨﻔﻒ‬

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 ‫اﻟﻤﺒﺤﺚ اﻷول‬

.‫ﺿﺒﻂ اﻹدﻏﺎم اﻟﻨﺎﻗﺺ واﻟﻤﺪ اﻟﻤﺤﺬوف رﺳﻤﺎ‬

:‫وﻳﺸﺘﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻄﻠﺒﲔ‬
.(‫ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺿﺒﻂ اﻹدﻏﺎم اﻟﻨﺎﻗﺺ)اﻟﻄﺎء اﻟﺴﺎﻛﻨﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺎء‬:‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﺐ اﻷول‬

.‫ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺿﺒﻂ اﻟﻤﺪ اﻟﻤﺤ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـﺬوف رﺳﻤﺎ‬:‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﺐ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬

pdfMachine
A pdf writer that produces quality PDF files with ease!
Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original documents. Compatible across
nearly all Windows platforms, simply open the document you want to convert, click “print”, select the
“Broadgun pdfMachine printer” and that’s it! Get yours now!
‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎرات أﺑﻲ داود ﻓﻲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼ ـ ـ ـﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪:‬‬

‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﺐ اﻷول‪ :‬ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺿﺒﻂ اﻹدﻏﺎم اﻟﻨﺎﻗﺺ)اﻟﻄﺎء اﻟﺴﺎﻛﻨﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺎء(‪:‬‬

‫وﻳﺸﻤﻞ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺣﺪ اﻹدﻏﺎم اﻟﻨﺎﻗﺺ‪ ٬‬وﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺿﺒﻄﻪ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﺮع اﻷول‪ :‬ﺣﺪ اﻹدﻏﺎم اﻟﻨﺎﻗﺺ‪:‬‬
‫ﺣﺪ اﻹدﻏﺎم اﻟﻨﺎﻗﺺ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﺳﻘﻮط اﳌﺪﻏﻢ ذاﺗﺎ ﻻ ﺻﻔﺔ ﺑﺈدﻏﺎﻣﻪ ﰲ اﳌﺪﻏﻢ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ٬‬وﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻳﺼﲑ ﺣﺮﻓﺎ‬
‫واﺣﺪا ﻣﺸﺪدا ﺗﺸﺪﻳﺪا ﻧﺎﻗﺼﺎ‪ ٬‬وذﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ أﺟﻞ ﺑﻘﺎء ﺻﻔﺔ اﳌﺪﻏﻢ‪ ٬‬وﻣﻨﻪ إدﻏﺎم اﻟﻄﺎء ﰲ اﻟﺘﺎء ﰲ ﳓ ـﻮ‪:‬‬
‫ﺑﺴﻄﺖ وأﺣﻄﺖ وﻓﺮﻃﺘﻢ‪ ٬‬ﳉﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﻘﺮاء)‪.(1‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﺮع اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺿﺒﻂ اﻹدﻏﺎم اﻟﻨﺎﻗﺺ)اﻟﻄﺎء اﻟﺴﺎﻛﻨﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺎء(‪:‬‬
‫وﻫﺬا اﻟﻨﻮع ﻣﻦ اﻹدﻏﺎم اﻟﻨﺎﻗﺺ ﰲ ﺿﺒﻄﻪ وﺟﻬﺎن ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ اﻟﺘﺨﻴﲑ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻷول‪ :‬أن ﳚﻌﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻄﺎء ﻋﻼﻣﺔ اﻟﺴﻜﻮن‪ ٬‬وﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﺎء ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﻋﻼﻣﺔ اﻟﺘﺸﺪﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬أن ﺗﻌﺮى اﻟﻄﺎء ﻣﻦ ﻋﻼﻣﺔ اﻟﺴﻜﻮن‪ ٬‬وﺗﻌﺮى اﻟﺘﺎء ﻣﻦ ﻋﻼﻣﺔ اﻟﺘﺸﺪﻳﺪ)‪.(2‬‬
‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎر أﺑﻲ داود‪ :‬اﺧﺘﺎر اﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻷول ﺣﻴﺚ ﻗﺎل‪ :‬ﻛﻼ اﻟﻮﺟﻬﲔ ﻋﻨﺪي ﺣﺴﻦ‪ ٬‬واﻷول أﺧﺘﺎر)‪.(3‬‬
‫ﺳﺒﺐ اﺧﺘﻴﺎرﻩ‪:‬‬
‫‪ .1‬ﻟﻴﻌﻠﻢ ﺑﻌﻼﻣﺔ اﻟﺴﻜﻮن أن اﻟﻄﺎء ﱂ ﺗﻨﻘﻠﺐ ﻗﻠﺒﺎ ﺧﺎﻟﺼﺎ‪ ٬‬وأن اﻹﻃﺒﺎق اﻟﺬي ﻫﻮ ﺻﻔﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﺎق‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﻪ‪ ٬‬وﺑﺒﻴﺎﻧﻪ اﻣﺘﻨﻊ اﻟﻘﻠﺐ‪ ٬‬وﻳﻌﻠﻢ ﺑﻌﻼﻣﺔ اﻟﺘﺸﺪﻳﺪ أن اﻟﻄﺎء ﻏﲑ ﻣﺒﻴﻨﺔ‪ ٬‬ﻟﻜﻮن اﻟﺘﺸﺪﻳﺪ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ‪ ٬‬إذ ﻟﻮ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﺒﻴﻨﺔ ﳌﺎ ﺷﺪد ﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .2‬ﻷﻧﻪ اﺧﺘﻴﺎر ﺷﻴﺨﻪ اﻟﺪاﱐ اﻟﺬي ﻗﺎل‪ :‬واﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻷول أدل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻠﻔﻆ‪ ٬‬وﻫﻮ اﻟﺬي أﺧﺘﺎر)‪.(4‬‬
‫‪ .3‬أن ﺣﺮف اﻟﻄﺎء ﳌﺎ ﺑﻘﻲ ﺻﻮﺗﻪ أﺷﺒﻪ اﳌﻈﻬﺮ ﻓﺴﻜﻦ‪ ٬‬وﳌﺎ اﻧﻌﺪم ﻟﻔﻈﻪ أﺷﺒﻪ ﻣﺎ أدﻏﻢ إدﻏﺎﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺧﺎﻟﺼﺎ ﻓﺘﺸﺪد ﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ‪ ٬‬وﺗﻮﺟﻴﻪ اﻟﺜﺎﱐ أن اﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺔ ﺗﺸﻌﺮ ﺑﺎﻧﻌﺪام ﻟﻔﻆ اﳌﻌﺮى ﰲ ﻗﺮع اﻟﻠﺴﺎن‬
‫وﺗﻌﺮﻳﺔ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺸﺪ ﻳﺸﻌﺮ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ ﱂ ﻳﺪﻏﻢ ﻓﻴﻪ إدﻏﺎﻣﺎ ﺧﺎﻟﺼﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﺼﺎﺣﻒ‪ :‬ﺟﺮى ﻧﻘﻂ ﻣﺼﺎﺣﻒ أﻫﻞ اﳌﻐﺮب ﺑﺎﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻷول‪ ٬‬وﻧﻘﻂ أﻫﻞ اﳌﺸﺮق ﺑﺎﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (1‬ﻫﺪاﻳﺔ اﻟﻘﺎري إﱃ ﲡﻮﻳﺪ ﻛﻼم اﻟﺒﺎري‪ ٬‬ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻔﺘﺎح اﳌﺮﺻﻔﻲ‪ ٬‬ﻣﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻃﻴﺒﺔ‪ ٬‬اﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ اﳌﻨﻮرة‪ ٬‬ط‪) ٬2‬د‪.‬ت‪.‬ن(‪.254/1 ٬‬‬
‫)‪ (2‬أﺻﻮل اﻟﻀﺒﻂ وﻛﻴﻔﻴﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻬﺔ اﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎر‪ ٬‬أﺑﻮ داود ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎن ﺑﻦ ﳒﺎح‪ ٬‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪ ٬‬ص‪.104 -103‬‬
‫)‪ (3‬اﳌﺮﺟﻊ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‪ ٬‬ص‪.105-104‬‬
‫)‪ (4‬اﶈﻜﻢ ﰲ ﻧﻘﻂ اﳌﺼﺎﺣﻒ‪ ٬‬ﻋﺜﻤﺎن ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ اﻟﺪاﱐ‪ ٬‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪ ٬‬ص‪.80‬‬
‫‪38‬‬
‫‪pdfMachine‬‬
‫!‪A pdf writer that produces quality PDF files with ease‬‬
‫‪Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original documents. Compatible across‬‬
‫‪nearly all Windows platforms, simply open the document you want to convert, click “print”, select the‬‬
‫!‪“Broadgun pdfMachine printer” and that’s it! Get yours now‬‬
‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎرات أﺑﻲ داود ﻓﻲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼ ـ ـ ـﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪:‬‬

‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﺐ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺿﺒﻂ اﻟﻤﺪ اﻟﻤﺤﺬوف رﺳﻤﺎ‪:‬‬

‫اﳌﺪ اﶈﺬوف رﲰﺎ إﻣﺎ ﻳﻘﻊ ﻗﺒﻞ ﳘﺰ أو ﺳﻜﻮن‪ ٬‬وإﻣﺎ ﻳﻘﻊ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺣﺮف آﺧﺮ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﺮع اﻷول‪ :‬ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺿﺒﻂ اﻟﻤﺤﺬوف رﺳﻤﺎ‪ ٬‬واﻟﻮاﻗﻊ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻫﻤﺰ)‪ (1‬أو ﺳﻜﻮن‪:‬‬
‫إذا ﻛﺎن ﺣﺮف اﳌﺪ ﳏﺬوف ﻟﻌﻠﺔ‪ ٬‬أو ﻛﺎن ﺣﺮﻓﺎ زاﺋﺪا ﺻﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﻀﻤﲑ أو ﳌﻴﻢ اﳉﻤﻊ‪ ٬‬وذﻟﻚ ﰲ ﳓﻮ‪:‬‬
‫ﳓﻮ‪:‬ﭐﱡﭐ‪ ‬‬ ‫ﳑﺎ اﻟﺴﺒﺐ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ‪ ٬‬وﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎن اﻟﺴﺒﺐ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﻨﻔﺼﻼ‬ ‫ﱡﭐ‪ ‬ﱠ]اﻟﺮوم‪[13:‬‬

‫]آل ﻋﻤﺮان‪ ٬[7:‬وﻫﺬا ﲤﺜﻴﻞ ﻟﻠﻤﺪ اﻟﻮاﻗﻊ ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫‪‬ﱠ]اﻟﻜﻬﻒ‪ ٬[16 :‬و ﱡﭐ‪    ‬ﭐﱠ‬

‫ﳘﺰ‪ ٬‬أﻣﺎ أﻣﺜﻠﺔ اﳌﺪ اﻟﻮاﻗﻊ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺳﻜﻮن ﻓﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﱡ‪:‬ﱠ]اﻟﺼﺎﻓﺎت‪ ٬[1:‬ﭐﱡﭐ‪‬ﱠ]اﻷﻧﻌﺎم‪٬[81:‬‬
‫وﻏﲑﻫﺎ‪ ٬‬ﻓﻔﻲ ﺿﺒﻂ ﻫﺬﻩ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت وﳓﻮﻫﺎ وﺟﻬﺎن ﳘـﺎ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻷول‪ :‬أن ﻳﺮﺳﻢ اﻷﻟﻒ واﻟﻮاو واﻟﻴﺎء اﶈﺬوﻓﺎت ﻣﻦ اﻟﺮﺳﻢ ﺑﺎﳊﻤﺮاء)‪ ٬(2‬وﲡﻌﻞ اﳌﻄﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻦ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬أﻻﱠ ﻳﺮﺳﻢ اﶈﺬوﻓﺎت ﻣﻨﻬﻦ‪ ٬‬وﲡﻌﻞ ﺗﻠﻚ اﳌﻄﺔ ﰲ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ اﶈﺬوﻓﺎت دﻻﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺬف‬
‫اﻷﻟﻒ واﻟﻴﺎء واﻟﻮاو‪.‬‬
‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎر أﺑﻲ داود‪ :‬ﻗﺎل أﺑﻮ داود‪ :‬واﻷول أﺧﺘﺎر ﰲ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺒﺎب ﻛﻠﻪ‪ ٬‬اﻟﺬي ﺗﺄﰐ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ ﳘﺰة ﻓﺘﺼﻮر‬
‫اﶈﺬوف‪ ٬‬وﲡﻌﻞ اﳌﻄﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ)‪.(3‬‬
‫ﺳﺒﺐ اﺧﺘﻴﺎر أﺑﻲ داود‪:‬‬
‫أ ﱠن اﻷﺻﻞ ﰲ اﳌﺪ أن ﳚﻌﻞ ﻓﻮق ﺣﺮف اﳌﺪ‪ ٬‬ﻓﺈذا ﱂ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﰲ اﳋﻂ أﳊﻘﺖ ﳏﺎﻓﻈﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬا‬
‫اﻷﺻﻞ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (1‬إذا ﺗﻘﺪم اﳍﻤﺰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺮوف اﳌﺪ‪ ٬‬ﻓﻼ ﺗﻮﺿﻊ ﻋﻼﻣﺔ اﳌﺪ إﻻ ﻋﻠﻰ وﺟﻪ إﺷﺒﺎﻋﻬﺎ ﻟﻮرش ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ اﻷزرق‪٬‬‬
‫ﳓﻮ‪:‬ﱠ]اﻟﻨﻤﻞ‪ ٬[38:‬وﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﰲ ﺣﻜﻤﻪ أﻳﻀﺎ ﺣﺮوف اﻟﻠﲔ ﳓﻮ‪:‬ﱡﭐ‪‬ﱠ]اﻟﺒﻘﺮة‪.[19:‬‬
‫ﱡ‬

‫)‪ (2‬اﳌﻘﺼﻮد ﺑﺎﳊﻤﺮاء‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﻟﻮن اﳌﺪاد اﻟﺬي ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﻀﺒﻂ ﺑﻪ اﳌﺼﺎﺣﻒ ﻗﺪﳝﺎ‪ ٬‬ﻟﻜﻲ ﻻ ﻳﻠﺘﺒﺲ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻠﻮن اﻟﺬي ُﻛﺘﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ‬
‫)‪ (3‬ﻻ ﺗﺪﺧﻞ ﰲ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﳌﺨﺘﺎر ﺣﺮوف اﳌﺪ اﻟﱵ ﰲ أواﺋﻞ اﻟﺴﻮر‪ ٬‬وإن ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺳﺎﻗﻄﺔ ﰲ اﳋﻂ‪ ٬‬ﻟﻺﲨﺎع ﻋﻠﻰ أ ﺎ ﻻ ﺗﻠﺤﻖ‪ ٬‬وﱂ‬
‫ﻳﺮد ﻧﺺ ﻋﻦ اﳌﺘﻘﺪﻣﲔ ﰲ ﻧﺰول اﳌﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ اﳊﺮوف ﰲ ﻓﻮاﺗﺢ اﻟﺴﻮر‪ ٬‬واﺧﺘﻠﻒ اﳌﺘﺄﺧﺮون‪ ٬‬ﻓﻤﻦ راﻋﻰ اﻟﻠﻔﻆ ﻗﺎل‪ :‬ﻳﻮﺿﻊ اﳌﺪ ﻟﻮﺟﻮد‬
‫ﺣﺮف اﳌﺪ وﺳﺒﺒﻪ ﰲ اﻟﻠﻔﻆ‪ ٬‬وﻣﻦ راﻋﻰ اﳋﻂ ﻗﺎل‪ :‬ﻻ ﻳﻮﺿﻊ ﻟﻌﺪم وﺟﻮد ﺣﺮف اﳌﺪ ﰲ اﻟﺮﺳﻢ‪ ٬‬وﺟﺮى اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﻮﺿﻊ ﻋﻼﻣﺔ اﳌﺪ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺮوف ﻓﻮاﺗﺢ اﻟﺴﻮر ﻋﻤﻼ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﺟﻬﲔ ﻣﻌﺎ‪ ٬‬ﻳﻨﻈﺮ‪ :‬اﻟﻄﺮاز ﰲ ﺷﺮح ﺿﺒﻂ اﳋﺮاز‪ ٬‬ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲ اﻟﺘﻨﺴﻲ‪ ٬‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪٬‬‬
‫ص ‪.122‬‬
‫‪39‬‬
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‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎرات أﺑﻲ داود ﻓﻲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼ ـ ـ ـﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪:‬‬

‫ﻋﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﺼﺎﺣﻒ‪ :‬ﺟﺮى ﻋﻤﻞ اﳌﺼﺎﺣﻒ ﺑﺎﳌﺬﻫﺐ اﳌﺨﺘﺎر‪.‬‬

‫اﻟﻔﺮع اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪:‬ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺿﺒﻂ ﺣﺮف اﻟﻤﺪ اﻟﻤﺤﺬوف رﺳﻤﺎ‪ ٬‬واﻟﻮاﻗﻊ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻬﻤﺰ)‪:(1‬‬
‫ﳓﻮ‪ :‬ﱡﭐ‪      ‬ﱠ‬ ‫إن ﱂ ﻳﻘﻊ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺣﺮف اﳌﺪ ﺳﻜﻮن وﻻ ﳘﺰ ﻛﺼﻠﺔ اﳍﺎء‬
‫‪‬ﱠ]اﻟﺒﻘﺮة‪ ٬[2:‬وﻛﺎﻟﻴﺎء اﻟﺰاﺋ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـﺪة ﰲ‬ ‫ﳓـ ـﻮ‪:‬ﭐﱡﭐ‪ ‬‬ ‫]اﻻﻧﺸﻘﺎق‪ ٬[15:‬وﻛﺼﻠﺔ ﻣﻴﻢ اﳉﻤﻊ‬
‫)‪(2‬‬
‫ﰲ ﺿﺒﻂ ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﱠ]اﻟﻜﻬﻒ‪ ٬[34:‬ﻓﻔﻲ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻨﻮع اﻟﺘﺨﻴﲑ‬ ‫ﳓﻮ‪:‬ﭐﱡﭐ‪ ‬ﱠ ]ﻫﻮد‪ ٬[105:‬ﱡ‪ ‬‬

‫اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت ﻋﻠﻰ أﺣﺪ اﻟﻮﺟﻬﲔ‪:‬‬

‫اﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻷول‪ :‬إﳊﺎق ﺣﺮف اﳌﺪ اﶈﺬوف‪ ٬‬ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑ وﺿﻊ ﻋﻼﻣﺔ اﳌﺪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬ﻋﺪم إﳊﺎق ﺣﺮف اﳌﺪ‪ ٬‬واﻻﻛﺘﻔﺎء ﺑﻮﺿﻊ ﻋﻼﻣﺔ اﳌﺪ ﰲ ﻣﻮﺿﻌﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎر أﺑﻲ داود‪ :‬ﻗﺎل‪ :‬ﻓﺈﱐ أﺧﺘﺎر أن ﳚﻌﻞ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ اﳊﺮوف اﶈﺬوﻓﺔ ﻣﻨﻪ اﻟﻮاو واﻟﻴﺎء ﻣﻄﺔ ﻻ ﻏﲑ)‪.(3‬‬
‫ﺳﺒﺐ اﺧﺘﻴﺎر أﺑﻲ داود‪:‬‬
‫أ ﱠن اﳌﻄﺔ ﺗﺪل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻘﻮﻃﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻮاﺿﻌﻬﺎ‪ ٬‬وﻳﻜﻮن ذﻟﻚ ﻓﺮﻗﺎ ﺑﲔ اﳌﺪ اﳌﺘﻜﻠﻒ اﻟﺬي ﻣﻘﺪارﻩ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻓﺎن‪ ٬‬وﺑﲔ اﳌﺪ اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻲ اﻟﺬي ﻣﻘﺪارﻩ ﺣﺮف واﺣﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﺼﺎﺣﻒ‪ :‬ﺟﺮى ﻋﻤﻞ اﳌﺼﺎﺣﻒ ﺑﺎﳌﺬﻫﺐ اﳌﺨﺘﺎر‪.‬‬

‫ﱠ]اﻟﺒﻘﺮة‪٬[283 :‬ﭐﱡﭐ‪  ‬ﱠ]ﻃﻪ‪ ٬[11:‬وﻟﻜﻦ وﺿﻌﺖ اﻟﺰﻳﺎدة ﰲ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ‬ ‫)‪ (1‬ﻻ ﺻﻠﺔ وﻻ زﻳﺎدة ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﺴﺎﻛﻦ ﳓﻮ‪ :‬ﱡ‬

‫واﺣﺪ وﻫﻮ ﱡﭐ‪‬ﱠ]اﻟﻨﻤﻞ‪ ٬[37:‬ﰲ ﻗﺮاءة ﻣﻦ أﺛﺒﺖ اﻟﻴﺎء ﻣﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔ وﻫﻢ اﳌﺪﻧﻴﺎن واﻟﺒﺼﺮي وﺣﻔﺺ وروﻳﺲ‪ ٬‬واﻟﺒﺎﻗﻮن ﲝﺬﻓﻬﺎ‪٬‬‬
‫ﻳﻨﻈﺮ‪ :‬اﻟﺒﺪور اﻟﺰاﻫﺮة ﰲ اﻟﻘﺮاءات اﻟﻌﺸﺮ اﳌﺘﻮاﺗﺮة‪ ٬‬ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻔﺘﺎح اﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ‪ ٬‬دار اﻟﻜﺘﺎب اﻟﻐﺮﰊ‪ ٬‬ﺑﲑوت‪ ٬‬ﻟﺒﻨﺎن‪) ٬‬د‪.‬ط(‪) ٬‬د‪.‬ت‪.‬ن(‪٬‬‬
‫ص‪.234‬‬
‫)‪ (2‬ﻫﺬا اﻟﺘﺨﻴﲑ ﳑﺎ اﻧﻔﺮد ﺑﻪ أﺑﻮ داود‪ ٬‬وﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﻠﺪاﱐ ﰲ ذﻟﻚ إﻻ اﻹﳊﺎق‪ ٬‬وﻫﻮ اﻷﺻﺢ اﳌﻌﻤﻮل ﺑﻪ‪ ٬‬وﻗﺪ ﻗﺎﺳﻮا ﻋﻠﻰ ذﻟﻚ ﻣﺎ ﻻ‬
‫ﻧﺺ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺸﻴﻮ‪ J‬ﳑﺎ اﺟﺘﻤﻌﺖ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻳﺎءان ﺣﺬﻓﺖ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺘﻬﻤﺎ ﳓﻮ‪ :‬واﷲ ﻻ ﻳﺴﺘﺤﻴﻲ ﻣﻦ اﳊﻖ‪ ٬‬ﳛﻴﻲ وﳝﻴﺖ‪ ٬‬ﻳﻨﻈﺮ‪ :‬اﻟﺴﺒﻴﻞ إﱃ‬
‫ﺿﺒﻂ ﻛﻠﻤﺎت اﻟﺘﻨﺰﻳﻞ‪ ٬‬أﲪﺪ ﳏﻤﺪ أﺑﻮزﻳﺘﺤﺎر‪ ٬‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪ ٬‬ص‪. 51‬‬
‫)‪ (3‬أﺻﻮل اﻟﻀﺒﻂ وﻛﻴﻔﻴﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻬﺔ اﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎر‪ ٬‬أﺑﻮ داود ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎن ﺑﻦ ﳒﺎح‪ ٬‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪ ٬‬ص‪.116‬‬
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‫‪Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original documents. Compatible across‬‬
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 ‫اﻟﻤﺒﺤﺚ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬

.‫ﻣﺎ اﺟﺘﻤﻊ ﻓﻴﻪ أﻟﻔﺎن ورﺳﻢ ﺑﻮاﺣﺪة‬

:‫وﻳﺸﺘﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﲬﺴﺔ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ‬
‫ اﺟﺘﻤﺎع ﻫﻤﺰﺗﻴﻦ أول اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬:‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﺐ اﻷول‬

‫ اﺟﺘﻤﺎع ﻫﻤﺰة وأﻟﻒ ﻓﻲ أول اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬: ‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﺐ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬

‫ اﺟﺘﻤﺎع ﻫﻤﺰة اﻻﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎم ﻣﻊ ﻫﻤﺰة اﻟﻮﺻﻞ‬:‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﺐ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬

.‫ أو ﻓﻲ آﺧﺮﻫﺎ‬٬‫ ﻣﺎ اﺟﺘﻤﻊ ﻓﻴﻪ أﻟﻔﺎن ﻓﻲ وﺳﻂ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬:‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﺐ اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ‬

‫ اﺟﺘﻤﺎع اﻟﻬﻤﺰﺗﺎن ﻣﻦ ﻛﻠﻤﺘﻴﻦ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺘﻴﻦ‬:‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﺐ اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ‬

pdfMachine
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Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original documents. Compatible across
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‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎرات أﺑﻲ داود ﻓﻲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼـ ـ ـﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪:‬‬

‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﺐ اﻷول‪ :‬اﺟﺘﻤﺎع ﻫﻤﺰﺗﻴﻦ أول اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‪:‬‬

‫ﺗﻤﻬﻴـ ـ ـ ـ ـﺪ‪ :‬ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ أﺿﺮب ﺗﻠﺘﻘﻲ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ اﳍﻤﺰﺗﲔ ﰲ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ واﺣﺪة‪ ٬‬وﻫﻲ ﻛﺎﻵﰐ‪:‬‬
‫ﳓﻮ‪:‬ﭐﱡﭐ‪‬ﱠ]اﻟﺒﻘﺮة‪ ٬[6 :‬ﱡو‪‬ﱠ ]اﻹﺳﺮاء‪[61 :‬‬ ‫اﻟﻀﺮب اﻷول‪ :‬أن ﺗﺘﺤﺮﻛﺎ ﻣﻌﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺘﺢ‬
‫وﺷﺒﻬﻪ)‪.(1‬‬
‫ﭐﱡﭐ‪‬ﱠ]اﻟﺼﺎﻓﺎت‪[53 :‬‬ ‫اﻟﻀﺮب اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬أن ﺗﺘﺤﺮك اﻷوﱃ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺘﺢ واﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺴﺮ‪ ٬‬ﳓﻮ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪:‬‬
‫ﱡو‪‬ﱠ ]اﻟﻨﺎزﻋﺎت‪ [10 :‬وﺷﺒﻬﻪ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻀ ـﺮب اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ :‬أن ﺗﺘﺤﺮك اﻷوﱃ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺘﺢ واﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻀﻢ‪ ٬‬وذﻟﻚ ﰲ ﳓﻮ‪ :‬ﱡﭐ‪ ‬ﱠ]ص‪٬[7:‬ﭐ‬

‫‪[18‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺮاءة ﻧﺎﻓﻊ‪ ٬‬ﻓﺄﻣﺎ اﳍﻤﺰة اﻷوﱃ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ اﻷﺿﺮب‬ ‫وﭐﱡ‪‬ﱠ]اﻟﻘﻤﺮ‪ ٬[25:‬وﭐﱡ‪‬ﱠ ]اﻟﺰﺧﺮف‪:‬‬

‫اﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ‪ ٬‬ﻓﻼ ﺧﻼف ﰲ ﲢﻘﻴﻘﻬﺎ ﻟﻜﻮ ﺎ ﻣﺒﺘﺪأة)‪ (2‬وﺗﻌﺬر ﺗﻠﻴﻴﻨﻬﺎ‪ ٬‬ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻛﺎن اﻟﺘﻠﻴﲔ ﻳﻘﺮ ﺎ ﻣﻦ‬
‫اﻟﺴﺎﻛﻦ‪ ٬‬واﻻﺑﺘﺪاء ﺑﺎﻟﺴﺎﻛﻦ ﳑﺘﻨﻊ‪ ٬‬وأﻣﺎ اﳍﻤﺰة اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ اﳍﻤﺰﺗﲔ اﳌﺬﻛﻮرﺗﲔ ﰲ اﻷﺿﺮب اﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ‬
‫ﻓﺎﺧﺘﻠﻔﻮا ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﺗﻠﻴﻴﻨﻬﺎ‪ ٬‬وﰲ إدﺧﺎل أﻟﻒ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﺔ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪ ٬‬ﻣﻊ إﲨﺎع ُﻛﺘﱠﺎب اﳌﺼﺎﺣﻒ ﻣﻦ‬
‫اﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ذﻟﻚ ﻛﻠﻪ ﺑﺄﻟﻒ واﺣﺪة‪ ٬‬ﺻﻮرة ﻋﻦ إﺣﺪى اﳍﻤﺰﺗﲔ؛ ﻛﺮاﻫﺔ اﳉﻤﻊ ﺑﲔ ﺻﻮرﺗﲔ‬
‫ﻣﺘﻔﻘﺘﲔ‪ ٬‬واﻛﺘﻔﺎء ﺑﺎﻟﻮاﺣﺪة ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪.‬‬
‫واﺧﺘﻠﻒ ﻋﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﰲ أﻳﻬﻤﺎ اﶈﺬوﻓﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺬﻫﺒﲔ‪:‬‬

‫)‪ (1‬ﱂ ﻳﺒﲔ اﻹﻣﺎم أﺑﻮ داود اﺧﺘﻴﺎرﻩ ﰲ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻀﺮب‪ ٬‬اﻟﺬي ﺗﺘﺤﺮك ﻓﻴﻪ اﳍﻤﺰﺗﺎن ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺘﺢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (2‬ﻓﺈن وﺻﻠﺖ اﳍﻤﺰة اﳌﺒﺘﺪأة اﳌﺬﻛﻮرة ﺑﺴﺎﻛﻦ ﺟﺎﻣﺪ ﻗﺒﻠﻬﺎ‪ ٬‬ﻓﻨﺎﻓﻊ ﻣﻦ رواﻳﺔ ورش ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻳﻠﻘﻲ ﺣﺮﻛﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ذﻟﻚ اﻟﺴﺎﻛﻦ‬
‫وﻳﺴﻘﻄﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻠﻔﻆ ﲣﻔﻴﻔﺎ‪ ٬‬وﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﻧﻘﻄﻬﺎ أن ﲡﻌﻞ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ اﳊﺮف ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺑﺎﳊﻤﺮاء ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ٬‬وﲡﻌﻞ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ اﳍﻤﺰة ﺟﺮة ﺑﺎﳊﻤﺮاء ﻋﻼﻣﺔ‬
‫ﻟﺴﻘﻮﻃﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻠﻔﻆ‪ ٬‬وﻧﻘﻞ ﺣﺮﻛﺘﻬﺎ إﱃ اﻟﺴﺎﻛﻦ‪ ٬‬ﻓﺈن ﻛﺎن ﻗﺒﻠﻬﺎ ﺣﺮف ﻣﻨﻮن ﺟﻌﻠﺖ ﺣﺮﻛﺘﻬﺎ ﻣﻜﺎن اﻟﺘﻨﻮﻳﻦ؛ ﻟﺬﻫﺎب اﻟﺘﻨﻮﻳﻦ ﻣﻦ‬
‫اﻟﻠﻔﻆ‪ .‬ﻳﻨﻈﺮ‪ :‬أﺻﻮل اﻟﻀﺒﻂ وﻛﻴﻔﻴﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻬﺔ اﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎر‪ ٬‬أﺑﻮ داود ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎن ﺑﻦ ﳒﺎح‪ ٬‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪ ٬‬ص ‪.138‬‬
‫‪42‬‬
‫‪pdfMachine‬‬
‫!‪A pdf writer that produces quality PDF files with ease‬‬
‫‪Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original documents. Compatible across‬‬
‫‪nearly all Windows platforms, simply open the document you want to convert, click “print”, select the‬‬
‫!‪“Broadgun pdfMachine printer” and that’s it! Get yours now‬‬
‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎرات أﺑﻲ داود ﻓﻲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼـ ـ ـﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪:‬‬

‫اﻟﻤ ـﺬﻫﺐ اﻷول‪ :‬ﻣﺬﻫﺐ اﻟﻜﺴﺎﺋﻲ)‪ (1‬اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻞ‪ :‬اﶈﺬوﻓﺔ ﻣﻦ اﳍﻤﺰﺗﲔ ﳘﺰة اﻻﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎم‪ ٬‬ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻓﺎ زاﺋﺪا داﺧﻼ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‪ ٬‬واﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘﺔ ﳘﺰة اﻷﺻﻞ أو اﻟﻘﻄﻊ‪ ٬‬ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻻزﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻜﻠﻤﺔ‪ ٬‬وﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻫﺬا اﻟﻘﻮل ﻋﺎﻣﺔ أﺻﺤﺎب اﳌﺼﺎﺣﻒ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺬﻫﺐ اﻟﺜﺎﻧ ـ ـﻲ‪ :‬ﻣﺬﻫﺐ اﻟﻔـﺮاء)‪(2‬وﺛﻌﻠﺐ)‪ (3‬واﺑﻦ ﻛﻴﺴـﺎن)‪ ٬(4‬اﻟﻘﺎﺋ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـﻞ‪ :‬اﶈﺬوﻓﺔ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﳘـ ـﺰة اﻷﺻﻞ‬
‫أو اﻟﻘﻄﻊ‪ ٬‬واﳌﺮﺳﻮﻣﺔ ﳘﺰة اﻻﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎم ﻷ ﺎ ﻣﺒﺘﺪأة‪ ٬‬واﳌﺒﺘ ـ ـ ـﺪأة ﻻ ﲢﺬف ﺻﻮر ﺎ‪ ٬‬وﻟﻜﻮ ﺎ داﺧﻠﺔ ﳌﻌﲎ‬
‫اﻻﺳﺘﺨﺒﺎر‪ ٬‬ﻓﻮﺟﺐ رﲰﻬﺎ وإﺛﺒﺎت ﺻﻮر ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺎل أﺑﻮ داود‪ :‬واﻟﻮﺟﻬﺎن ﰲ ذﻟﻚ ﺻﺤﻴﺤﺎن)‪.(5‬‬

‫)‪ (1‬ﻫﻮ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﲪﺰة‪ ٬‬أﺑﻮ اﳊﺴﻦ اﻷﺳﺪي‪ ٬‬اﳌﻌﺮوف ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺴﺎﺋﻲ‪ ٬‬اﻟﻨﺤﻮي‪ ٬‬أﺣﺪ اﻷﺋﻤﺔ اﻟﻘﺮاء ﻣﻦ أﻫﻞ اﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ‪ ٬‬ﻣﻦ ﺷﻴﻮﺧﻪ‪ :‬ﲪﺰة‬
‫اﻟﺰﻳﺎت‪ ٬‬وﻣﻦ ﺗﻼﻣﻴﺬﻩ‪ :‬اﻟﻔﺮاء‪ ٬‬ﻟﻪ ﻋﺪة ﻣﺼﻨﻔﺎت ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﻣﻌﺎﱐ اﻟﻘﺮآن‪ ٬‬واﻵﺛﺎر ﰲ اﻟﻘﺮاءات‪ ٬‬ﻣﺎت ﺳﻨﺔ‪193 :‬ه‪ .‬ﻳﻨﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﻃﺒﻘﺎت‬
‫اﻟﻨﺤﻮﻳﲔ واﻟﻠﻐﻮﻳﲔ‪ ٬‬ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ اﳊﺴﻦ اﻟﺰﺑﻴﺪي‪ ٬‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪ ٬‬ص‪.130-127‬‬
‫)‪ (2‬ﻫﻮ ﳛﲕ ﺑﻦ زﻳﺎد ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲ‪ ٬‬أﺑﻮ زﻛﺮﻳﺎ‪ ٬‬اﳌﻌﺮوف ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺮاء‪ ٬‬ﻛﺎن أﺑﺮع اﻟﻜﻮﻓﻴﲔ وأﻋﻠﻤﻬﻢ‪ ٬‬ﻣﻦ ﻣﺼﻨﻔﺎﺗﻪ‪ :‬اﳊﺪود‪ ٬‬ﻣﻌﺎﱐ اﻟﻘﺮآن‪٬‬‬
‫ﻣﺎت ﺳﻨﺔ‪207 :‬ه‪ .‬ﻳﻨﻈﺮ‪ :‬اﳌﺮﺟﻊ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‪ ٬‬ص‪.131‬‬
‫)‪ (3‬ﻫﻮ أﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﳛﲕ ﺑﻦ زﻳﺪ‪ ٬‬أﺑﻮ اﻟﻌﺒﺎس اﻟﻨﺤﻮي‪ ٬‬اﳌﻌﺮوف ﺑﺜﻌﻠﺐ‪ ٬‬إﻣﺎم اﻟﻜﻮﻓﻴﲔ ﰲ اﻟﻨﺤﻮ واﻟﻠﻐﺔ‪ ٬‬ﻣﻦ ﺷﻴﻮﺧﻪ‪ :‬ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ زﻳﺎد‬
‫اﻷﻋﺮاﰊ‪ ٬‬ﺳﻠﻤﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺎﺻﻢ‪ ٬‬ﻣﻦ ﺗﻼﻣﻴﺬﻩ‪ :‬اﻷﺧﻔﺶ‪ ٬‬أﺑﻮ ﻋﻤﺮ اﻟﺰاﻫﺪ‪ ٬‬ﻟﻪ ﻋﺪة ﻣﺼﻨﻔﺎت ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ :‬اﺧﺘﻼف اﻟﻨﺤﻮﻳﲔ‪ ٬‬اﻟﻘﺮاءات‪ ٬‬ﻣﺎت‬
‫ﺳﻨﺔ‪291 :‬ه‪ .‬ﻳﻨﻈﺮ‪ :‬اﳌﺮﺟﻊ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‪ ٬‬ص‪.141‬‬
‫)‪ (4‬ﻫﻮ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ أﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻛﻴﺴﺎن‪ ٬‬أﺑﻮ اﳊﺴﻦ‪ ٬‬اﻟﺒﺼﺮي‪ ٬‬اﻟﻜﻮﰲ‪ ٬‬أﺣﺪ اﳌﺬﻛﻮرﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻠﻢ اﳌﻮﺻﻮﻓﲔ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻬﻢ‪ ٬‬ﻣﻦ ﺷﻴﻮﺧﻪ‪ :‬ﺛﻌﻠﺐ‬
‫واﳌﱪد‪ ٬‬ﻟﻪ ﻋﺪة ﻣﺼﻨﻔﺎت ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ :‬اﳌﻬﺬب‪ ٬‬اﳊﻘﺎﺋﻖ‪ ٬‬ﻣﺎت ﺳﻨﺔ‪299 :‬ه‪ .‬ﻳﻨﻈﺮ‪ :‬اﳌﺮﺟﻊ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‪ ٬‬ص‪.153‬‬
‫)‪ (5‬اﺧﺘﺎر ﲨﺎﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ اﳌﺘﺄﺧﺮﻳﻦ اﳉﻤﻊ ﺑﲔ اﻟﻘﻮﻟﲔ ﺑﲔ ﻣﺬﻫﺐ اﻟﻜﺴﺎﺋﻲ وﻣﺬﻫﺐ اﻟﻔﺮاء‪ ٬‬ﻓﺎﺧﺘﺎروا ﰲ اﳌﺘﻔﻘﺘﲔ إﺛﺒﺎت اﻟﺼﻮرة ﻟﻠﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫دون اﻷوﱃ‪ ٬‬واﺧﺘﺎروا ﰲ اﳌﺨﺘﻠﻔﺘﲔ إﺛﺒﺎت اﻟﺼﻮرة ﻟﻸوﱃ دون اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ ٬‬ﻓﺎﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺎﳌﺬﻫﺒﲔ أوﱃ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮح أﺣﺪﳘﺎ‪ ٬‬وﺑﻪ ﺟﺮى اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﻨﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﲰﲑ اﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ ﰲ رﺳﻢ وﺿﺒﻂ اﻟﻜﺘﺎب اﳌﺒﲔ‪ ٬‬ﻋﻠﻲ ﳏﻤﺪ اﻟﻀﺒﺎع‪ ٬‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪ ٬‬ص‪.203‬‬
‫‪43‬‬
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‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎرات أﺑﻲ داود ﻓﻲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼـ ـ ـﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪:‬‬

‫اﻟﻔﺮع اﻷول‪ :‬ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺿﺒﻂ اﻟﻀﺮب اﻟﺬي ﺗﺘﺤﺮك ﻓﻴﻪ اﻟﻬﻤﺰة اﻷوﻟﻰ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺘﺢ واﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺴﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫وﺟﻪ اﻟﺘﺴﻬﻴﻞ)‪:(1‬‬
‫ﺣﲔ ﺗﺘﺤﺮك اﳍﻤﺰة اﻷوﱃ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺘﺢ واﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺴﺮ ﰲ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ اﻟﻮاﺣﺪة‪ ٬‬ﻓﺈﻧﻨﺎ ﳒﺪ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻨﻮع ﰲ‬
‫اﳌﺼﺤﻒ اﻟﺸﺮﻳﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺴﻤﲔ؛ اﻷول ﻣﺮﺳﻮم ﺑﺄﻟﻒ واﺣﺪة ﺻﻮرة ﳍﻤﺰة اﻻﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎم‪ ٬‬أو ﳍﻤﺰة اﻷﺻﻞ‪٬‬‬
‫واﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﺟﺎءت اﳍﻤﺰة اﳌﺴﻬﻠﺔ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﺮﺳﻮﻣﺔ ﻳﺎء ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻮاد‪.‬‬
‫أوﻻ‪ :‬ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺿﺒﻂ ﻣﺎ ﺟﺎء ﻣﺮﺳﻮم ﺑﺄﻟﻒ واﺣﺪة ﺻﻮرة ﻟﻬﻤﺰة اﻻﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎم‪ ٬‬أو ﻟﻬﻤﺰة اﻷﺻﻞ‪.‬‬
‫وﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺿﺒﻂ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻨﻮع ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺬﻫﺒﲔ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺬﻫﺐ اﻷول‪ :‬ﺿﺒﻄﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺬﻫﺐ اﻟﻜﺴﺎﺋﻲ‪ :‬أن ﲡﻌﻞ اﳍﻤﺰة ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻔﺮاء ﻗﺒﻞ اﻷﻟﻒ‬
‫اﳌﺮﺳﻮﻣﺔ وﺣﺮﻛﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺑﺎﳊﻤﺮاء‪ ٬‬وﲡﻌﻞ ﲢﺖ اﻷﻟﻒ اﳌﺮﺳﻮﻣﺔ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺑﺎﳊﻤﺮاء ﻻ ﻏﲑ)‪.(2‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺬﻫﺐ اﻟﺜﺎﻧـ ـ ـ ـﻲ‪ :‬ﺿﺒﻄﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺬﻫﺐ اﻟﻔﺮاء‪ :‬وﰲ ﺿﺒﻄﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬا اﳌﺬﻫﺐ وﺟﻬﺎن‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻷول‪ :‬أن ﲡﻌﻞ اﳍﻤﺰة ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻔﺮاء وﺣﺮﻛﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺑﺎﳊﻤﺮاء ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﻟﻒ اﳌﺼﻮرة‪ ٬‬وﲡﻌﻞ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﰲ اﻟﺴﻄﺮ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺑﺎﳊﻤﺮاء ﻋﻼﻣﺔ اﻟﺘﻠﻴﲔ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬أن ﳚﻌﻞ ﺑﲔ اﻷﻟﻒ وﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﻳﺎء ﺑﺎﳊﻤﺮاء ﻋﻼﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺴﻬﻴﻞ‪ ٬‬وأﳊﻘﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﳊﺮف‪ ٬‬إﻻ أ ﺎ‬
‫إذا أﳊﻘﺖ اﻟﻴﺎء ﻋﺮﻳﺖ ﻣﻦ اﳊﺮﻛﺔ؛ ﻷ ﺎ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﺑﻴﺎء ﻣﻜﺴﻮرة ﺧﺎﻟﺼﺔ‪ ٬‬وإﳕﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺑﲔ اﳍﻤﺰة اﶈﻘﻘﺔ‬
‫واﻟﻴﺎء اﻟﺴﺎﻛﻨﺔ‪.‬‬
‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎر أﺑﻲ داود‪ :‬اﺧﺘﺎر أﺑﻮ داود اﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻷول ﺣﻴﺚ ﻗﺎل‪ :‬واﻷول أﺧﺘﺎر)‪.(3‬‬

‫)‪ (1‬ﻗﺮأ ورش‪ ٬‬واﺑﻦ ﻛﺜﲑ ﺑﺘﺴﻬﻴﻞ اﳍﻤﺰة اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ ٬‬ﻣﻊ ﻋﺪم اﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺑﲔ اﳍﻤﺰﺗﲔ ﺑﺄﻟﻒ‪ ٬‬وواﻓﻘﻬﻤﺎ روﻳﺲ ﻋﻠﻰ ذﻟﻚ‪ ٬‬وﻗﺮأ ﻗﺎﻟﻮن‪ ٬‬وأﺑﻮ‬
‫ﻋﻤﺮو‪ ٬‬وأﺑﻮ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺴﻬﻴﻞ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻔﺼﻞ‪ .‬ﻳﻨﻈﺮ‪ :‬اﻟﻨﺸﺮ ﰲ اﻟﻘﺮاءات اﻟﻌﺸﺮ‪ ٬‬أﰊ اﳋﲑ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ اﳉﺰري‪ ٬‬أﺷﺮف ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺤﻪ‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻲ ﳏﻤﺪ اﻟﻀﺒﺎع‪ ٬‬دار اﻟﻜﺘﺐ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‪ ٬‬ﺑﲑوت‪ ٬‬ﻟﺒﻨﺎن‪) ٬‬د‪.‬ط(‪) ٬‬د‪.‬ت‪.‬ن(‪.370/1 ٬‬‬
‫)‪ (2‬أﺻﻮل اﻟﻀﺒﻂ وﻛﻴﻔﻴﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻬﺔ اﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎر‪ ٬‬أﺑﻮ داود ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎن ﺑﻦ ﳒﺎح‪ ٬‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪ ٬‬ص‪.152‬‬
‫)‪ (3‬اﳌﺮﺟﻊ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‪ ٬‬ص‪.154‬‬
‫‪44‬‬
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‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎرات أﺑﻲ داود ﻓﻲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼـ ـ ـﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪:‬‬

‫ﺳﺒﺐ اﺧﺘﻴﺎر أﺑﻲ داود‪:‬‬

‫‪ .1‬ﻟﺘﺪل اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﺼﻔﺮاء ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﳍﻤﺰة اﻻﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎم‪ ٬‬وﺗﺪل اﳊﻤﺮاء ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻠﻴﲔ اﳍﻤﺰة اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫اﻷﺻﻠﻴﺔ؛ ﻟﻜﻮ ﺎ ﺑﺎﳊﻤﺮاء‪ ٬‬إذ اﻟﺼﻔﺮاء ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ‪ ٬‬واﳊﻤﺮاء ﻟﻠﺘﻠﻴﲔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .2‬ﻷﻧﻪ اﺧﺘﻴﺎر ﺷﻴﺨﻪ اﻟﺪاﱐ اﻟﺬي ذﻛﺮ اﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻷول ﻣﻦ اﳌﺬﻫﺐ اﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ ٬‬ورﻓﺾ اﻵﺧﺮ إذ ﻗﺎل‪:‬‬
‫واﻟﺬي أﺧﺘﺎرﻩ أﻻ ﺗﻠﺤﻖ اﻟﻴﺎء ﰲ ذﻟﻚ‪ ٬‬وأن ﲡﻌﻞ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ﰲ ﻣﻮﺿﻌﻬﺎ)‪.(1‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﺼﺎﺣﻒ‪ :‬ﺟﺮى ﻋﻤﻞ اﳌﺼﺎﺣﻒ ﺑﺎﳌﺬﻫﺐ اﳌﺨﺘﺎر‪.‬‬
‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺟﺎءت اﻟﻬﻤﺰة اﻟﻤﺴﻬﻠﺔ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻀﺮب ﻣﺮﺳﻮﻣﺔ ﻳﺎء ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻮاد‪:‬‬
‫ﺻﻮرت ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫إن اﻷﻟﻒ اﳌﺮﺳﻮﻣﺔ ﰲ ذﻟﻚ ﻫﻲ ﳘﺰة اﻻﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎم ﻻ ﻏﲑ‪ ٬‬ﻷن اﳍﻤﺰة اﳌﺴﻬﻠﺔ ﻗﺪ ُ‬
‫ﳓﻮ ﺣﺮﻛﺘﻬﺎ إﻋﻼﻣﺎ ﺑﺘﺴﻬﻴﻠﻬﺎ‪ ٬‬ﳓﻮ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪ :‬ﱡﭐ‪ ‬ﱠ]اﻷﻧﻌﺎم‪ ٬[20:‬ﻓﺈن ﺿﺒﻂ ذﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ أوﺟﻪ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻷول‪ :‬أن ﲡﻌﻞ اﳍﻤﺰة ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻔﺮاء وﺣﺮﻛﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺑﺎﳊﻤﺮاء ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﻟﻒ اﳌﺼﻮرة‪ ٬‬وﻋﺮﻳﺖ‬
‫اﻟﻴﺎء اﻟﺴﻮداء ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ اﳊﺮﻛﺔ‪ ٬‬ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺧﻠﻔﺎ ﻣﻦ ﳘﺰة ﻣﻜﺴﻮرة‪ ٬‬وﱂ ﺗﻜﻦ ﻳﺎء ﻣﻜﺴﻮرة‪٬‬‬
‫ﺧﺎﻟﺼﺔ اﻟﻜﺴﺮ)‪.(2‬‬
‫اﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﳚﻌﻞ ﲢﺘﻬﺎ ﻛﺴﺮة‪ ٬‬وﳚﻌﻞ ﻣﻌﻬﺎ دارة ﺻﻐﲑة ﻋﻼﻣﺔ ﻟﺘﺨﻔﻴﻔﻬﺎ‪ ٬‬وأ ﺎ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ‬
‫ﲟﺸﺒﻌﺔ اﻟﻜﺴﺮ‪ ٬‬وذﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ اﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻘﺎرﺋﲔ‪.‬‬
‫وﻗﺪ اﺳﺘﺤﺴﻦ اﻟﺪاﱐ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻮﺟﻪ ﻓﻘﺎل‪ :‬ذﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ اﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻘﺎرﺋﲔ‪ ٬‬وﻫﻮ ﻋﻨﺪي‬
‫ﺣﺴﻦ)‪.(3‬‬
‫أﻣﺎ أﺑﻮ داود ﻓﻘﺪ ﺧﺎﻟﻒ ﺷﻴﺨﻪ ﻫﻨﺎ‪ ٬‬وأﺑﺪى وﺟﻬﺔ ﻧﻈﺮﻩ ﻓﻘﺎل‪ :‬إﻻ أﻧﻪ ﻋﻨﺪي ﺿﺪ اﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺐ وﲣﻠﻴﻂ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﳌﺘﻌﻠﻢ‪ ٬‬إذ ﻻ ﺑﺪ ﰲ ﻛﻼ اﳊﺎﻟﲔ ﻣﻦ أﺧﺬ ذﻟﻚ ﻣﺸﺎﻓﻬﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻷﺳﺘﺎذ؛ إذ ﻻ ﻳﻮﻗﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻨﻄﻖ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ اﳌﺼﺤﻒ اﳌﻀﺒﻮط ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﰲ ﻛﻼ اﳊﺎﻟﲔ‪ ٬‬ﻓﻼ ﺑﺪ ﻣﻦ أﺧﺬﻩ ﻣﺸﺎﻓﻬﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻷﺳﺘﺎذ‪٬‬‬
‫وإذا ﻛﺎن ذﻟﻚ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻓﱰك ﻫﺬﻩ اﳊﺮوف ﻋﺎرﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻘﻂ أوﱃ‪ ٬‬وﻻ أﻣﻨﻊ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻮﺟﻪ أﻳﻀ ـ ـ ـ ـﺎ)‪.(4‬‬

‫)‪ (1‬اﶈﻜﻢ ﰲ ﻧﻘﻂ اﳌﺼﺎﺣﻒ‪ ٬‬ﻋﺜﻤﺎن ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ اﻟﺪاﱐ‪ ٬‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪ ٬‬ص ‪.102‬‬
‫)‪ (2‬أﺻﻮل اﻟﻀﺒﻂ وﻛﻴﻔﻴﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻬﺔ اﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎر‪ ٬‬أﺑﻮ داود ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎن ﺑﻦ ﳒﺎح‪ ٬‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪ ٬‬ص‪.156‬‬
‫)‪ (3‬اﶈﻜﻢ ﰲ ﻧﻘﻂ اﳌﺼﺎﺣﻒ‪ ٬‬ﻋﺜﻤﺎن ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ اﻟﺪاﱐ‪ ٬‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪ ٬‬ص‪.105‬‬
‫)‪ (4‬أﺻﻮل اﻟﻀﺒﻂ وﻛﻴﻔﻴﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻬﺔ اﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎر‪ ٬‬أﺑﻮ داود ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎن ﺑﻦ ﳒﺎح‪ ٬‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪ ٬‬ص‪.157‬‬
‫‪45‬‬
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‫‪nearly all Windows platforms, simply open the document you want to convert, click “print”, select the‬‬
‫!‪“Broadgun pdfMachine printer” and that’s it! Get yours now‬‬
‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎرات أﺑﻲ داود ﻓﻲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼـ ـ ـﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪:‬‬

‫اﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ :‬اﻻﺟﺘﺰاء ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺪارة‪.‬‬

‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎر أﺑﻲ داود‪ :‬اﺧﺘﺎر أﺑﻮ داود اﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻷول ﺣﻴﺚ ﻗﺎل‪ :‬واﻷول أﺧﺘﺎر)‪.(1‬‬
‫ﺳﺒﺐ اﺧﺘﻴﺎر أﺑﻲ داود‪ :‬أن اﻷداء ﻳﺆﺧﺬ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺸﻴﻮ‪ J‬ﻣﺸﺎﻓﻬﺔ‪ ٬‬واﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺔ ﺗﻮﺟﺐ اﻟﺴﺆال‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﺼﺎﺣﻒ‪ :‬ﺟﺮى ﻋﻤﻞ اﳌﺼﺎﺣﻒ‪ ٬‬ﺑﺎﻻﺟﺘﺰاء ﺑﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﺘﺴﻬﻴﻞ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺪارة )‪.(2‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﺮع اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺿﺒﻂ اﻟﻀﺮب اﻟﺬي ﺗﺘﺤﺮك ﻓﻴﻪ اﻟﻬﻤﺰة اﻷوﻟﻰ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺘﺢ واﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻀﻢ‪:‬‬
‫ﺗﺄﰐ اﳍﻤﺰة اﻷوﱃ ﰲ اﻟﻘﺮآن اﻟﻜﺮﱘ ﻣﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔ‪ ٬‬واﳍﻤﺰة اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﻀﻤﻮﻣﺔ ﰲ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺴﻤﲔ‪:‬‬
‫اﻷول ﻣﺮﺳﻮم ﺑﺄﻟﻒ واﺣﺪة ﺻﻮرة ﳍﻤﺰة اﻻﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎم‪ ٬‬أو ﳍﻤﺰة اﻟﻘﻄﻊ‪ ٬‬واﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﺟﺎءت اﳍﻤﺰة اﳌﺴﻬﻠﺔ ﻓﻴﻪ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺳﻮﻣﺔ واو ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻮاد‪.‬‬
‫أوﻻ‪:‬ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺿﺒﻂ ﻣﺎ ﺟﺎء ﻣﺮﺳﻮم ﺑﺄﻟﻒ ﺻﻮرة ﻟﻬﻤﺰة اﻻﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎم‪ ٬‬أو ﻟﻬﻤﺰة اﻟﻘﻄﻊ‪.‬‬
‫وﺿﺒﻂ ذﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ وﺟﻪ اﻟﺘﺴﻬﻴﻞ)‪ (3‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺬﻫﺒﲔ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺬﻫﺐ اﻷول‪ :‬ﺿﺒﻄﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺬﻫﺐ اﻟﻜﺴﺎﺋﻲ‪ :‬ﲡﻌﻞ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻔﺮاء وﺣﺮﻛﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺑﺎﳊﻤﺮاء‬
‫ﻗﺒﻞ اﻷﻟﻒ اﻟﺴﻮداء‪ ٬‬وﲡﻌﻞ ﻋﻼﻣﺔ اﻟﺘﻠﻴﲔ ﻟﻠﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺑﺎﳊﻤﺮاء ﰲ وﺳﻂ اﻷﻟﻒ أو أﻣﺎﻣﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺬﻫﺐ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬ﺿﺒﻄﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺬﻫﺐ اﻟﻔﺮاء وﺛﻌﻠﺐ واﺑﻦ ﻛﻴﺴﺎن‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻰ وﺟﻬﲔ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﻮﺟ ـﻪ اﻷول‪ :‬أن ﲡﻌﻞ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻔﺮاء ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﻟﻒ‪ ٬‬وﺣﺮﻛﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﳊﻤﺮاء ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ ٬‬وﲡﻌﻞ ﻋﻼﻣـﺔ ﳘﺰة‬
‫اﻟﻘﻄﻊ اﳌﻠﻴﻨﺔ أﻣﺎﻣﻬﺎ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺑﺎﳊﻤﺮاء‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬أن ﲡﻌﻞ ﻋﻼﻣﺔ اﻟﺘﻠﻴﲔ واوا ﺑﺎﳊﻤﺮاء أﻣﺎم اﻷﻟﻒ ﻓﻌﻠﺖ ﻏﲑ أﻧﻚ ﺗﻌﺮي ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﻮاو ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻋﻼﻣﺔ اﻟﺘﻠﻴﲔ؛ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺧﻠﻔﺎ ﻣﻦ ﳘﺰة‪ ٬‬وﱂ ﺗﻜﻦ واوا ﻣﺸﺒﻌﺔ اﳊﺮﻛﺔ‪ ٬‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺟﻌﻞ ﰲ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ‬

‫)‪ (1‬أﺻﻮل اﻟﻀﺒﻂ وﻛﻴﻔﻴﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻬﺔ اﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎر‪ ٬‬أﺑﻮ داود ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎن ﺑﻦ ﳒﺎح‪ ٬‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪ ٬‬ص‪.158‬‬
‫)‪ (2‬اﻟﻄﺮاز ﰲ ﺷﺮح ﺿﺒﻂ اﳋﺮاز‪ ٬‬ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲ اﻟﺘﻨﺴﻲ‪ ٬‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪ ٬‬ص ‪.191‬‬
‫)‪ (3‬ﺳﻬﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺑﺎﻷﻟﻒ ﻗﺎﻟﻮن‪ ٬‬وأﺑﻮ ﻋﻤﺮو ﲞﻠﻒ ﻋﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﰲ اﻟﻔﺼﻞ‪ ٬‬وأﺑﻮ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ‪ ٬‬وﺑﻼ ﻓﺼﻞ ورش‪ ٬‬واﺑﻦ ﻛﺜﲑ‪٬‬‬
‫وروﻳﺲ‪ ٬‬إﻻ ﰲ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﱡﭐ‪‬ﱠ ﺑﺎﻟﺰﺧﺮف اﻵﻳﺔ ‪ 18‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﻗﺮأﻫﺎ ﻧﺎﻓﻊ وأﺑﻮ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺴﻬﻴﻞ ﻣﻊ إﺳﻜﺎن اﻟﺸﲔ‪ ٬‬وﻓﺼﻞ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺑﺄﻟﻒ‪ :‬أﺑﻮﺟﻌﻔﺮ‪ .‬ﻳﻨﻈﺮ‪ :‬اﻟﻨﺸﺮ ﰲ اﻟﻘﺮاءات اﻟﻌﺸﺮ‪ ٬‬أﰊ اﳋﲑ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ اﳉﺰري‪ ٬‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪.369 - 368/2 ٬‬‬
‫‪46‬‬
‫‪pdfMachine‬‬
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‫‪Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original documents. Compatible across‬‬
‫‪nearly all Windows platforms, simply open the document you want to convert, click “print”, select the‬‬
‫!‪“Broadgun pdfMachine printer” and that’s it! Get yours now‬‬
‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎرات أﺑﻲ داود ﻓﻲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼـ ـ ـﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪:‬‬

‫اﳌﻜﺴﻮرة اﳌﺴﻬﻠﺔ ﻳﺎء)‪.(1‬‬

‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎر أﺑﻲ داود‪ :‬ﻗﺎل أﺑﻮ داود‪ :‬واﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻷول أﺧﺘﺎر‪ ٬‬وﻻ أﻣﻨﻊ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬا اﻵﺧﺮ أﻳﻀﺎ ﳉﻮازﻩ)‪.(2‬‬
‫ﺳﺒﺐ اﺧﺘﻴﺎر أﺑﻲ داود‪:‬‬
‫‪ .1‬ﻛﺮاﻫﻴﺔ اﺟﺘﻤﺎع اﻷﻟﻔﲔ‪ ٬‬واﺳﺘﻐﻨﺎء ﺑﺎﳍﻤﺰة ﻋﻦ اﻟﺼﻮرة‪.‬‬
‫‪ .2‬ﻷﻧﻪ اﺧﺘﻴﺎر ﺷﻴﺨﻪ اﻟﺪاﱐ اﻟﺬي ﻗﺎل‪ :‬واﳌﺬﻫﺐ اﻷول أﺧﺘﺎر)‪.(3‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﺼﺎﺣﻒ‪ :‬ﺟﺮى ﻋﻤﻞ اﳌﺼﺎﺣﻒ ﺑﺎﳌﺬﻫﺐ اﳌﺨﺘﺎر‪.‬‬
‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺟﺎءت اﻟﻬﻤﺰة اﻟﻤﺴﻬﻠﺔ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻀﺮب ﻣﺮﺳﻮﻣﺔ واواً ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻮاد)‪:(4‬‬
‫رﺳﻢ ﻛﺘﺎب اﳌﺼﺎﺣﻒ اﳍﻤﺰة اﳌﺴﻬﻠﺔ واوا ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻮاد ﰲ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ واﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻀﺮب‪ ٬‬وﻫﻮ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪:‬‬
‫ﭐ ﱡ‪  ‬ﱠ ]آل ﻋﻤﺮان‪ ٬[15:‬وﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﻀﺒﻂ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ أوﺟﻪ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻷول‪ :‬ﲡﻌﻞ اﳍﻤﺰة ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻔﺮاء وﺣﺮﻛﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﳊﻤﺮاء ﰲ اﻷﻟﻒ‪ ٬‬وﻋﺮﻳﺖ اﻟﻮاو اﻟﻮاﻗﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ اﳊﺮﻛﺔ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬ﲡﻌﻞ أﻣﺎم اﻟﻮاو ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻋﻼﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻀﻢ‪ ٬‬وﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻮاو دارة ﻋﻼﻣﺔ ﻟﺘﺨﻔﻴﻔﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ :‬اﻻﻛﺘﻔﺎء ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺪارة)‪.(5‬‬
‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎر أﺑﻲ داود‪ :‬ﻗﺎل أﺑﻮ داود‪ :‬واﻷول أﺧﺘﺎر )‪.(6‬‬
‫ﺳﺒﺐ اﺧﺘﻴﺎر أﺑﻲ داود‪:‬‬
‫‪ .1‬ﻷن اﻟﻮاو ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﻣﺸﺒﻌﺔ اﳊﺮﻛﺔ‪ ٬‬وإﳕﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺧﻠﻒ ﻣﻦ ﳘﺰة ﻣﻀﻤﻮﻣﺔ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (1‬أﺻﻮل اﻟﻀﺒﻂ وﻛﻴﻔﻴﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻬﺔ اﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎر‪ ٬‬أﺑﻮ داود ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎن ﺑﻦ ﳒﺎح‪ ٬‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪ ٬‬ص‪.160 -159‬‬
‫)‪ (2‬اﳌﺮﺟﻊ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‪ ٬‬ص‪.161‬‬
‫)‪ (3‬اﶈﻜﻢ ﰲ ﻧﻘﻂ اﳌﺼﺎﺣﻒ‪ ٬‬ﻋﺜﻤﺎن ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ اﻟﺪاﱐ‪ ٬‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪ ٬‬ص ‪.106‬‬
‫)‪ (4‬ﻗﺮأ ﻗﺎﻟﻮن وأﺑﻮ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ ﺑﺘﺴﻬﻴﻞ اﳍﻤﺰة اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﺎ وﺑﲔ اﻟﻮاو ﻣﻊ إدﺧﺎل أﻟﻒ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪ ٬‬وﻗﺮأ أﺑﻮ ﻋﻤﺮو ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺴﻬﻴﻞ ﻣﻊ اﻹدﺧﺎل‬
‫وﻋﺪﻣﻪ‪ ٬‬وﻗﺮأ ورش واﺑﻦ ﻛﺜﲑ وروﻳﺲ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺴﻬﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑ إدﺧﺎل‪ .‬ﻳﻨﻈﺮ‪ :‬اﻟﺒﺪور اﻟﺰاﻫﺮة ﰲ اﻟﻘﺮاءات اﻟﻌﺸﺮ اﳌﺘﻮاﺗﺮة‪ ٬‬ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻔﺘﺎح‬
‫اﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ‪ ٬‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪ ٬‬ص‪.60‬‬
‫)‪ (5‬اﻟﻄﺮاز ﰲ ﺷﺮح ﺿﺒﻂ اﳋﺮاز‪ ٬‬ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲ اﻟﺘﻨﺴﻲ‪ ٬‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪ ٬‬ص‪.195‬‬
‫)‪ (6‬أﺻﻮل اﻟﻀﺒﻂ وﻛﻴﻔﻴﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻬﺔ اﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎر‪ ٬‬أﺑﻮ داود ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎن ﺑﻦ ﳒﺎح‪ ٬‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪ ٬‬ص‪.163‬‬
‫‪47‬‬
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‫‪Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original documents. Compatible across‬‬
‫‪nearly all Windows platforms, simply open the document you want to convert, click “print”, select the‬‬
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‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎرات أﺑﻲ داود ﻓﻲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ‬ :‫اﻟﻔﺼـ ـ ـﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬

.(1)‫ واﻷول أﺣﺴﻦ‬:‫ ﻷﻧﻪ اﺧﺘﻴﺎر ﺷﻴﺨﻪ اﻟﺪاﱐ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻗﺎل‬.2

.‫ ﺟﺮى ﻋﻤﻞ اﳌﺼﺎﺣﻒ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﳌﺨﺘﺎر‬:‫ﻋﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﺼﺎﺣﻒ‬

.108‫ ص‬٬‫ ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‬٬‫ ﻋﺜﻤﺎن ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ اﻟﺪاﱐ‬٬‫( اﶈﻜﻢ ﰲ ﻧﻘﻂ اﳌﺼﺎﺣﻒ‬1)
48
pdfMachine
A pdf writer that produces quality PDF files with ease!
Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original documents. Compatible across
nearly all Windows platforms, simply open the document you want to convert, click “print”, select the
“Broadgun pdfMachine printer” and that’s it! Get yours now!
‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎرات أﺑﻲ داود ﻓﻲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼـ ـ ـﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪:‬‬

‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﺐ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬اﺟﺘﻤﺎع ﻫﻤﺰة وأﻟﻒ ﻓﻲ أول اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‪:‬‬

‫ﲡﺘﻤﻊ اﳍﻤﺰة ﻣﻊ اﻷﻟﻒ ﰲ أول اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‪ ٬‬وذﻟﻚ ﳓﻮ‪ :‬اﺗﺼﺎل ﻳﺎء اﻟﻨﺪاء وﻫﺎء اﻟﺘﻨﺒﻴﻪ ﺑﻜﻠﻤﺔ أوﳍﺎ‬
‫ﳘﺰة‪ ٬‬وﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﰲ ﳓﻮ‪ :‬ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﱡﭐ‪ ‬ﱠ]اﻟﺒﻘﺮة‪ ٬[32 :‬وﻳﻜﻮن ﺿﺒﻄﻬﺎ ﻛﺎﻵﰐ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﺮع اﻷول‪ :‬اﺗﺼﺎل ﻳﺎء اﻟﻨﺪاء وﻫﺎء اﻟﺘﻨﺒﻴﻪ ﺑﻜﻠﻤﺔ أوﻟﻬﺎ ﻫﻤﺰة‪:‬‬
‫إذا اﺗﺼﻠﺖ ﻳﺎء اﻟﻨﺪاء وﻫﺎء اﻟﺘﻨﺒﻴﻪ ﺑﻜﻠﻤﺔ أوﳍﺎ ﳘﺰة ﳓﻮ ﻗﻮﻟ ـﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﻟـﻰ‪ :‬ﱡ‪  ‬ﱠ‪] ‬ﻳﻮﺳﻒ‪٬[4:‬‬
‫وﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻟﻔﻆ ﻫﺆﻻء‪ ٬‬ﻓﺈن ﻛﺘﺎب اﳌﺼﺎﺣﻒ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ‪ ‬أﲨﻌﻮا‬ ‫وﻗﻮﻟــﻪ‪:‬ﭐﱡﭐ‪‬ﱠ ]آل ﻋﻤﺮان‪٬[65:‬‬

‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺬف اﻷﻟﻒ اﻟﻮاﺣﺪة‪ ٬‬وﻗﺪ اﺧﺘﻠﻒ اﻟﻨﺤﻮﻳﻮن ﰲ أي اﻷﻟﻔﲔ ﻫﻲ اﶈﺬوﻓﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻮﻟﲔ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﻘﻮل اﻷول‪ :‬ذﻫﺐ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ إﱃ أن اﶈﺬوﻓﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺻﻮرة اﳍﻤﺰة‪ ٬‬وأن اﳌﺮﺳﻮﻣﺔ ﻫﻲ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻘﻮل اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬وذﻫﺐ آﺧﺮون إﱃ أن اﳌﺮﺳﻮﻣﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺻﻮرة اﳍﻤﺰة‪ ٬‬وأن اﶈﺬوﻓﺔ ﻫﻲ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫واﺧﺘﺎر أﺑﻮ داود اﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ ٬‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻗﺎل‪ :‬وﻫﻮ اﻟﺬي أﺧﺘﺎر أن ﻳﻀﺒﻂ ﺑﻪ‪ ٬‬وأﻋﻮل ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ٬‬ﻟﻮﺟﻮدﻧﺎ أﻟﻒ‬
‫اﻟﻨﺪاء واﻟﺘﻨﺒﻴﻪ ﳏﺬوﻓﺘﺎن ﺑﺈﲨﺎع ﻣﻨﻬﻢ)‪.(1‬‬
‫أوﻻ‪ :‬ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺿﺒﻂ ﻫﺎ اﻟﺘﻨﺒﻴﻪ ﻋﻨﺪ اﺗﺼﺎﻟﻬﺎ ﺑﻜﻠﻤﺔ أوﻟﻬﺎ ﻫﻤﺰة‪ :‬وﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺿﺒﻂ ذﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ وﺟﻬﲔ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻷول‪ :‬أن ﲡﻌﻞ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻷﻟﻒ اﻟﺴﻮداء أﻟﻔﺎ ﺑﺎﳊﻤﺮاء‪ ٬‬وﺗﻮﻗﻊ اﳍﻤﺰة ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻔﺮاء ﰲ اﻷﻟﻒ اﻟﺴﻮداء ﰲ‬
‫رأﺳﻬﺎ إن ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔ‪ ٬‬وﺣﺮﻛﺘﻬﺎ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﳊﻤﺮاء‪ ٬‬وﲢﺘﻬﺎ إن ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﻜﺴﻮرة وﺣﺮﻛﺘﻬﺎ أﻳﻀﺎ‬
‫ﲢﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﳊﻤﺮاء‪ ٬‬وﰲ وﺳﻄﻬﺎ أو أﻣﺎﻣﻬﺎ إن ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﻀﻤﻮﻣﺔ‪ ٬‬وﺣﺮﻛﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﳊﻤﺮاء أﻣﺎﻣﻬﺎ‪ ٬‬وﲡﻌﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫اﻷﻟﻒ اﳌﻜﺘﻮﺑﺔ ﺑﺎﳊﻤﺮاء ﰲ ذﻟﻚ ﻛﻠﻪ ﻣﻄﺔ ﰲ ﻣﺬﻫﺐ ﱂ ﻳﻌﺘﱪ)‪.(2‬‬
‫اﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬إن ﺷﺎء اﻟﻨﺎﻗﻂ ﱂ ﻳﺮﺳﻢ ﻫﺬﻩ اﻷﻟﻒ‪ ٬‬وﺟﻌﻞ ﻣﻜﺎ ﺎ ﻣﻄﺔ‪.‬‬
‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎر أﺑﻲ داود‪ :‬اﺧﺘﺎر اﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻷول ﺣﻴﺚ ﻗﺎل‪ :‬واﻷول أﺧﺘﺎر)‪.(3‬‬

‫)‪ (1‬أﺻﻮل اﻟﻀﺒﻂ وﻛﻴﻔﻴﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻬﺔ اﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎر‪ ٬‬أﺑﻮ داود ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎن ﺑﻦ ﳒﺎح‪ ٬‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪ ٬‬ص‪.176‬‬
‫)‪ (2‬أي ﻣﺬﻫﺐ ﻣﻦ ﱂ ﳝﻴﺰ ﺑﲔ اﳌﺪ اﳌﺘﺼﻞ واﳌﻨﻔﺼﻞ‪ ٬‬ﻓﻘﺮأﳘﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻮﺳﻂ أو اﻹﺷﺒﺎع‪ ٬‬وﻫﻢ اﻟﻘﺮاء ﺣﺎﺷﺎ اﺑﻦ ﻛﺜﲑ‪ ٬‬وﻗﺎﻟﻮن ﲞﻼف‬
‫ﻋﻨﻪ‪ ٬‬وأﰊ ﺷﻌﻴﺐ اﻟﺴﻮﺳﻲ‪ ٬‬ﻓﺈ ﻢ ﻳﻘﺼﺮون اﳌﺪ وﻻ ﻳﺰﻳﺪون ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ٬‬وﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﻼ ﺗﻮﺿﻊ اﳌﻄﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺮاء ﻢ‪ ٬‬وﻗﺮأ اﻟﺒﺎﻗﻮن ﺑﺎﳌﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫اﺧﺘﻼف ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ٬‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ ﳚﺐ وﺿﻊ اﳌﻄﺔ ﰲ ﻗﺮاء ﻢ‪ .‬ﻳﻨﻈﺮ‪ :‬اﻟﻨﺸﺮ ﰲ اﻟﻘﺮاءات اﻟﻌﺸﺮ‪ ٬‬أﰊ اﳋﲑ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ اﳉﺰري‪ ٬‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ‬
‫ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪.313/1 ٬‬‬
‫)‪ (3‬أﺻﻮل اﻟﻀﺒﻂ وﻛﻴﻔﻴﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻬﺔ اﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎر‪ ٬‬أﺑﻮ داود ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎن ﺑﻦ ﳒﺎح‪ ٬‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪ ٬‬ص‪.178‬‬
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‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎرات أﺑﻲ داود ﻓﻲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼـ ـ ـﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪:‬‬

‫ﺳﺒﺐ اﺧﺘﻴﺎر أﺑﻲ داود‪:‬‬

‫‪ .1‬ﻗﻴﺎﺳﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ أﲨﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ اﻟﻨﺤﻮﻳﻮن ﰲ أ ﱠن أﻟﻒ اﻟﻨﺪاء وﻫﺎء اﻟﺘﻨﺒﻴﻪ ﳏﺬوﻓﺘﺎن ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﱂ ﻳﺄت ﺑﻌﺪﻩ‬
‫ﳓﻮ‪ :‬ﱡﭐ‪‬ﱠ]اﻟﻔﺮﻗﺎن‪.[30:‬‬ ‫ﳘﺰة‪٬‬‬
‫‪ .2‬أ ﱠن اﻷوﱃ وﻗﻌﺖ ﻃﺮﻓﺎ‪ ٬‬واﻟﺘﻐﻴﲑ ﺑﺎﳊﺬف وﻏﲑﻩ أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ٬‬واﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ وﻗﻌﺖ اﺑﺘﺪاءً‪٬‬‬
‫واﳌﺒﺘﺪأ ﻻ ﳛﺬف‪.‬‬
‫‪ .3‬أ ﱠن اﻷوﱃ ﺳﺎﻛﻨﺔ‪ ٬‬واﻟﺴﺎﻛﻦ ﻗﺪ ﻳﻐﲑ ﻛﺜﲑا ﺑﺎﳊﺬف وﻏﲑﻩ‪ ٬‬واﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﺘﺤﺮﻛﺔ‪ ٬‬واﳌﺘﺤﺮك ﻻ‬
‫ﳛﺬف‪ ٬‬وﻻ ﺗﻐﲑ ﺻﻮرﺗﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .4‬ﱂ ُﳚﻤﻊ ﺑﲔ أﻟﻔﲔ ﰲ اﻟﺮﺳﻢ‪ ٬‬ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﱂ ُﳚﻤﻊ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﰲ اﻟﻠﻔﻆ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﺼﺎﺣﻒ‪ :‬ﺟﺮى ﻋﻤﻞ اﳌﺼﺎﺣﻒ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﳌﺨﺘﺎر‪.‬‬
‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎ‪ :‬اﺗﺼﺎل ﻫﺎء اﻟﺘﻨﺒﻴﻪ ﺑﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﺣﺬف ﻣﻨﻬﺎ أﻟﻔﺎن‪ :‬وﺗﺘﻤﺜﻞ ﰲ ﻟﻔﻈﺔ ﻫﺆﻻء اﳌﺮﺳﻮم ﰲ ﲨﻴﻊ‬
‫اﳌﺼﺎﺣﻒ ﺑﻮاو ﺑﻌﺪ اﳍﺎء‪ ٬‬ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑ أﻟﻒ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ‪ ٬‬وﻻ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻮاو‪ ٬‬وذﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ وﺻﻠﺖ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺘﺎن‪٬‬‬
‫وﺟﻌﻠﺘﺎ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ واﺣﺪة ﲣﻔﻴﻔﺎ‪ ٬‬ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﺣﺬﻓﻮا ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ أﻟﻔﺎن‪ :‬أﺣﺪﳘﺎ اﻷﻟﻒ اﳌﻮﺟﻮدة ﰲ اﻟﻠﻔﻆ ﺑﻌﺪ‬
‫اﳍﺎء اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻨﺒﻴﻪ‪ ٬‬واﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ اﳌﺮﺳﻮﻣﺔ ﺑﺈﲨﺎع ﰲ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ )أوﻻء( إذا اﻧﻔﺮدت دون ﻫﺎء اﻟﺘﻨﺒﻴﻪ‪ ٬‬وﺑﻘﻴﺖ‬
‫اﻟﻮاو ﻓﻴﺠﻮز ﰲ ﺿﺒﻄﻬﺎ وﺟﻮﻩ ﻛﺜﲑة)‪.(1‬‬
‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎر أﺑﻲ داود‪:‬ﱂ ﻳﺒﲔ أﺑﻮ داود اﺧﺘﻴﺎرﻩ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‪ ٬‬وإﳕﺎ ذﻛﺮ وﺟﻮﻩ ﻛﺜﲑة ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ اﳌﺨﺘﺼﺮ‪٬‬‬
‫واﻗﺘﺼﺮ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ أﺻﺢ اﻟﻮﺟﻮﻩ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ‪ ٬‬وﻫﺬا ﻳﺪل ﻋﻠﻰ اﺧﺘﻴﺎرﻩ‪ ٬‬إذ ﻗﺎل‪ :‬وأرﺳﻢ ﻫﺎ ﻫﻨﺎ وﺟﻬﺎ ﻫﻮ‬
‫أﺻﺤﻬﺎ ﻋﻨﺪي وأﻋﺪﳍﺎ‪ ٬‬وﻫﻮ أن ﲡﻌﻞ اﻷﻟﻒ ﺑﺎﳊﻤﺮة ﺑﻌﺪ اﳍﺎء‪ ٬‬وﲡﻌﻞ اﳍﻤﺰة ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻔﺮة ﰲ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﻮاو‬
‫ﰲ ﺑﻴﺎض رأﺳﻬﺎ‪ ٬‬وﺣﺮﻛﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﳊﻤﺮة أﻣﺎﻣﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺻﺪرﻫﺎ)‪.(2‬‬
‫ﺳﺒﺐ اﺧﺘﻴﺎر أﺑﻲ داود‪:‬‬
‫‪ .1‬أ ﱠن اﻟﻮاو اﳌﻮﺟﻮدة ﻓﻴﻪ ﻫﻲ اﻟﱵ زﻳﺪت ﻟﻠﻔﺮق ﻗﺒﻞ دﺧﻮل ﻫﺎء اﻟﺘﻨﺒﻴﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .2‬أ ﱠ ﺎ ﺻﻮرة ﻟﻠﻬﻤﺰة اﳌﻀﻤﻮﻣﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑ أﻟﻒ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪ ٬‬وذﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ وﺻﻠﺖ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺘﺎن وﺟﻌﻠﺖ‬
‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ واﺣﺪة ﲣﻔﻴﻔﺎ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (1‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ اﻟﺘﺒﻴﲔ ﳍﺠﺎء اﻟﺘﻨﺰﻳﻞ‪ ٬‬أﺑﻮ داود ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎن ﺑﻦ ﳒﺎح‪ ٬‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪.117/2 ٬‬‬
‫)‪ (2‬أﺻﻮل اﻟﻀﺒﻂ وﻛﻴﻔﻴﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻬﺔ اﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎر‪ ٬‬أﺑﻮ داود ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎن ﺑﻦ ﳒﺎح‪ ٬‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪ ٬‬ص‪.181-180‬‬
‫‪50‬‬
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‫!‪A pdf writer that produces quality PDF files with ease‬‬
‫‪Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original documents. Compatible across‬‬
‫‪nearly all Windows platforms, simply open the document you want to convert, click “print”, select the‬‬
‫!‪“Broadgun pdfMachine printer” and that’s it! Get yours now‬‬
‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎرات أﺑﻲ داود ﻓﻲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼـ ـ ـﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪:‬‬

‫ﻋﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﺼﺎﺣﻒ‪ :‬ﺟﺮى ﻋﻤﻞ اﳌﺼﺎﺣﻒ ﺑﺎﺧﺘﻴﺎر أﰊ داود‪.‬‬

‫اﻟﻔﺮع اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺿﺒﻂ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﱡ‪ ‬ﱠ ]اﻟﺒﻘﺮة‪:[32 :‬‬

‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﱡ‪ ‬ﱠ ﻣﺮﺳﻮم ﰲ ﻛﻞ اﳌﺼﺎﺣﻒ ﺑﺄﻟﻒ واﺣﺪة ﺑﲔ اﻟﻴﺎء واﻟﺪال‪ ٬‬وﻫﻲ اﻷﻟﻒ اﳌﺒﺪﻟﺔ ﻣﻦ ﳘﺰة‬

‫ﻓﺎء اﻟﻔﻌﻞ اﻟﺴﺎﻛﻨﺔ‪ ٬‬ﻻ اﻟﱵ ﻫﻲ ﳘﺰة ﳏﻘﻘﺔ ﰲ أول اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‪ ٬‬وذﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﳌﺒﺪﻟﺔ ﻫﻲ اﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘﺔ ﰲ‬
‫اﻟﺮﺳﻢ‪ ٬‬واﶈﻘﻘﺔ اﳌﺒﺘﺪأة ﻫﻲ اﶈﺬوﻓﺔ‪ ٬‬وﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺿﺒﻄﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ وﺟﻬﲔ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻷول‪ :‬ﺟﻌﻞ اﻷﻟﻒ ﺑﺎﳊﻤﺮاء ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻴﺎء‪ ٬‬وﺟﻌﻠﺖ اﳍﻤﺰة ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻔﺮاء‪ ٬‬وﺣﺮﻛﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﲔ‬
‫اﻷﻟﻒ اﳌﺰﻳﺪة اﳊﻤﺮاء‪ ٬‬ﻗﺒﻞ اﻷﻟﻒ اﻷﺻﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺴﻮداء ﰲ اﻟﺒﻴﺎض ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬إن ﺷﺎء اﻟﻨﺎﻗﻂ ﱂ ﻳﺮﺳﻢ اﻷﻟﻒ ﺑﺎﳊﻤﺮاء‪ ٬‬وﺟﻌﻞ اﳌﻄﺔ ﻣﻜﺎ ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎر أﺑﻲ داود‪ :‬اﺧﺘﺎر أﺑﻮ داود اﻷول ﺣﻴﺚ ﻗﺎل‪ :‬واﻷول أﺧﺘﺎر)‪.(1‬‬
‫ﺳﺒﺐ اﺧﺘﻴﺎر أﺑﻲ داود‪:‬‬
‫ﻟﻜﻮن اﻷوﱃ زاﺋﺪة ﰲ ذﻟﻚ‪ ٬‬واﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ أﺻﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﺼﺎﺣﻒ‪ :‬ﺟﺮى اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﰲ اﳌﺼﺎﺣﻒ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﳌﺨﺘﺎر‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (1‬أﺻﻮل اﻟﻀﺒﻂ وﻛﻴﻔﻴﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻬﺔ اﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎر‪ ٬‬أﺑﻮ داود ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎن ﺑﻦ ﳒﺎح‪ ٬‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪ ٬‬ص‪.180‬‬
‫‪51‬‬
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‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎرات أﺑﻲ داود ﻓﻲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼـ ـ ـﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪:‬‬

‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﺐ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ :‬اﺟﺘﻤﺎع ﻫﻤﺰة اﻻﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎم ﻣﻊ ﻫﻤﺰة اﻟﻮﺻﻞ‪:‬‬

‫ﻗﺪ ﲡﺘﻤﻊ ﳘﺰة اﻻﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎم ﻣﻊ ﳘﺰة اﻟﻮﺻﻞ ﰲ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت اﻟﻘﺮآﻧﻴﺔ‪ ٬‬وذﻟﻚ ﺑﺪﺧﻮل ﳘﺰة اﻟﻘﻄﻊ‬
‫ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪ ٬‬أو ﺑﺪﺧﻮﳍﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻻم اﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‪ ٬‬وﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺿﺒﻂ ذﻟﻚ ﻛﺎﻵﰐ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﺮع اﻷول‪ :‬اﺟﺘﻤﺎع ﻫﻤﺰة اﻻﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎم ﻣﻊ ﻫﻤﺰة اﻟﻮﺻﻞ ﺑﺪﺧﻮل ﻫﻤﺰة اﻟﻘﻄﻊ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﻗﺪ ﺟﺎء ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎب اﷲ ﻋﺰ وﺟﻞ أرﺑﻌﺔ ﻣﻮاﺿﻊ ﺗﺪﺧﻞ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﳘﺰة اﻻﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎم ﻋﻠﻰ ﳘﺰﺗﲔ؛ اﻷوﱃ‬
‫ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ‪:‬‬ ‫وﳘﺎ ﱡ‪:‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﳘﺰة اﻟﻘﻄﻊ‪ ٬‬واﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﳘﺰة اﻟﻮﺻﻞ‪ ٬‬ووﻗﻊ ذﻟﻚ ﰲ أرﺑﻊ ﺳﻮر ﺑﻠﻔﻈﲔ‬
‫ﻻ ﻏﲑ‪ ٬‬وﻛﺘﺐ ﺑﺄﻟﻒ‬ ‫]اﻟﺰﺧﺮف‪[58:‬‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫]اﻷﻋﺮاف‪ ٬[122:‬و]ﻃﻪ‪ ٬[70 :‬و]اﻟﺸﻌﺮاء‪ ٬[48:‬وﭐﱡ‪‬ﱠ‬

‫واﺣﺪة؛ ﻟﺌﻼ ﳚﺘﻤﻊ ﺛﻼث أﻟﻔﺎت‪ ٬‬وﲢﺘﻤﻞ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻷﻟﻒ اﳌﺮﺳﻮﻣﺔ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ اﺣﺘﻤﺎﻻت‪:‬‬
‫أوﻻ‪ :‬إﻣﺎ أن ﺗﻜﻮن ﳘﺰة اﻻﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎم ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ داﺧﻠﺔ ﳌﻌﲎ ﻻ ﺑﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺄدﻳﺘﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎ‪ :‬أن ﺗﻜﻮن ﳘﺰة اﻟﻘﻄﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﺎ‪ :‬أن ﺗﻜﻮن ﳘﺰة اﻷﺻﻞ اﳌﺒﺪﻟﺔ أﻟﻔﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ ﲨﻴﻊ اﻟﻘﺮاء ﻟﺴﻜﻮ ﺎ)‪.(1‬‬
‫وﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﻨﻘﻂ ﰲ ﺿﺒﻄﻬﺎ ﻋﺪة أوﺟﻪ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻷول‪ :‬ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺿﺒﻄﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺬﻫﺐ اﻟﻜﺴﺎﺋﻲ‪ :‬ﺟﻌﻠﺖ ﳘﺰة اﻻﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎم ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻔﺮاء وﺣﺮﻛﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺑﺎﳊﻤﺮاء ﻗﺒﻞ اﻷﻟﻒ اﻟﺴﻮداء‪ ٬‬وﺟﻌﻠﺖ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺑﺎﳊﻤﺮاء ﻋﻠﻰ أﻟﻒ اﻟﻘﻄﻊ‪ ٬‬وﻛﺘﺒﺖ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ أﻟﻔﺎ‬
‫ﺑﺎﳊﻤﺮاء‪ ٬‬ﻟﺘﺪل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﺎء اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ)‪.(2‬‬
‫اﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺿﺒﻄﻬﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻌﻞ اﻟﻤﺼﻮرة ﻫﻲ ﻫﻤﺰة اﻷﺻﻞ اﻟﻤﺒﺪﻟﺔ أﻟﻔﺎ‪ ٬‬وأ ﱠن‬
‫اﻟﻤﺤﺬوﻓﺔ ﻫﻲ ﻫﻤﺰة اﻻﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎم وﻫﻤﺰة اﻟﻘﻄﻊ‪ :‬أن ﲡﻌﻞ اﳍﻤﺰة ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻔﺮاء وﺣﺮﻛﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ‬
‫ﺗﻠﻚ اﻷﻟﻒ اﳌﺼﻮرة ﰲ اﻟﺴﻄﺮ‪ ٬‬وﺗﺮﺳﻢ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ أﻟﻔﺎ ﺑﺎﳊﻤﺮاء ﺻﻮرة ﳍﻤﺰة اﻟﻘﻄﻊ اﳌﻠﻴﻨﺔ‪ ٬‬وﲡﻌﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺑﺎﳊﻤﺮاء دﻻﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻠﻴﻴﻨﻬﺎ‪ ٬‬وﺗﻜﻮن ﻫﺬﻩ اﻷﻟﻒ اﳊﻤﺮاء ﺑﲔ اﳍﻤﺰة واﻷﻟﻒ اﻟﺴﻮداء‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (1‬أﺻﻮل اﻟﻀﺒﻂ وﻛﻴﻔﻴﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻬﺔ اﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎر‪ ٬‬أﺑﻮ داود ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎن ﺑﻦ ﳒﺎح‪ ٬‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪ ٬‬ص ‪.145-144‬‬
‫)‪ (2‬اﳌﺮﺟﻊ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‪ ٬‬ص ‪.146 -145‬‬
‫‪52‬‬
‫‪pdfMachine‬‬
‫!‪A pdf writer that produces quality PDF files with ease‬‬
‫‪Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original documents. Compatible across‬‬
‫‪nearly all Windows platforms, simply open the document you want to convert, click “print”, select the‬‬
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‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎرات أﺑﻲ داود ﻓﻲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼـ ـ ـﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪:‬‬

‫وإن ﺷﺎء اﻟﻨﺎﻗﻂ أﻳﻀﺎ ﱂ ﻳﺮﺳﻢ ﻫﺬﻩ اﻷﻟﻒ اﳊﻤﺮاء‪ ٬‬وﺟﻌﻞ ﻣﻜﺎ ﺎ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﱵ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ آﻧﻔﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫رأﺳﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﳊﻤﺮاء)‪.(1‬‬
‫اﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ :‬ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺿﺒﻄﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺬﻫﺐ اﻟﻔﺮاء وﺛﻌﻠﺐ واﺑﻦ ﻛﻴﺴﺎن‪ :‬ﺟﻌﻠﺖ اﳍﻤﺰة ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻔﺮاء‬
‫وﺣﺮﻛﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﳊﻤﺮاء ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﻟﻒ اﻟﺴﻮداء‪ ٬‬و ﲡﻌﻞ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺑﺎﳊﻤﺮاء ﺑﻌﺪ اﻷﻟﻒ اﻟﺴﻮداء‪ ٬‬ﻋﻼﻣﺔ ﳍﻤﺰة‬
‫اﻟﻘﻄﻊ اﳌﻠﻴﻨﺔ‪ ٬‬وﺗﺮﺳﻢ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ أﻟﻔﺎ ﺑﺎﳊﻤﺮاء؛ ﻟﺘﺪل ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ أن ﺑﻌﺪ اﳍﻤﺰة اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﳘﺰة ﻣﺴﻬﻠﺔ‪ ٬‬أو‬
‫ﺳﺎﻛﻨﺔ‪ ٬‬ﻫﻲ ﺑﺪل ﻣﻦ ﳘﺰة ﻓﺎء اﻟﻔﻌﻞ اﻟﺴﺎﻛﻨﺔ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﺟﻌﻞ اﻟﺼﻔﺮاء ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺼﻮرة‪ ٬‬وإﳊﺎق أﻟﻔﲔ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ‪ ٬‬وﺟﻌﻞ ﻋﻼﻣﺔ اﻟﺘﺴﻬﻴﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ اﳊﻤﺮاء‬
‫اﻟﱵ ﺗﻠﻲ اﻟﻜﺤﻼء)‪.(2‬‬
‫اﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ‪ :‬ﻣﺜﻠﻪ إﻻ أﻧﻚ ﺗﻜﺘﻔﻲ ﺑﻌﻼﻣﺔ اﻟﺘﺴﻬﻴﻞ ﻋﻦ إﳊﺎق ﺻﻮر ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎر أﺑﻲ داود‪ :‬ﻗﺎل أﺑﻮ داود‪ :‬اﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻷول أﺧﺘﺎر‪ ٬‬وﺑﻪ أرﺳﻢ‪ ٬‬وﻻ أﻣﻨﻊ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻮﺟﻮﻩ اﻟﺒﺎﻗﻴﺔ)‪.(3‬‬
‫ﺳﺒﺐ اﺧﺘﻴﺎر أﺑﻲ داود ‪:‬‬
‫‪ .1‬ﻟﻌﺪم ﺗﻮاﱄ اﳊﺬف ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ٬‬وﻷن اﳊﺬف ﻻ ﻳﺘﻮاﱃ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺘﻮاﱃ ﰲ اﻟﻮﺟﻬﲔ اﻵﺧﺮﻳﻦ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .2‬ﻷﻧﻪ اﺧﺘﻴﺎر ﺷﻴﺨﻪ اﻟﺪاﱐ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻗﺎل‪ :‬وﻋﻠﻰ ذﻟﻚ أﺻﺤﺎب اﳌﺼﺎﺣﻒ‪ ٬‬وﻫﻮ اﺧﺘﻴﺎري‪ ٬‬وإﻟﻴﻪ‬
‫أذﻫﺐ‪ ٬‬وﺑﻪ أﻧﻘﻂ)‪.(4‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﺼﺎﺣﻒ‪ :‬ﺟﺮى ﻋﻤﻞ اﳌﺼﺎﺣﻒ ﺑﺎﳌﺬﻫﺐ اﳌﺨﺘﺎر‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (1‬أﺻﻮل اﻟﻀﺒﻂ وﻛﻴﻔﻴﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻬﺔ اﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎر‪ ٬‬أﺑﻮ داود ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎن ﺑﻦ ﳒﺎح‪ ٬‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪ ٬‬ص‪.147‬‬
‫)‪ (2‬اﻟﻄﺮاز ﰲ ﺷﺮح ﺿﺒﻂ اﳋﺮاز‪ ٬‬ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲ اﻟﺘﻨﺴﻲ‪ ٬‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪ ٬‬ص‪.210‬‬
‫)‪ (3‬أﺻﻮل اﻟﻀﺒﻂ وﻛﻴﻔﻴﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻬﺔ اﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎر‪ ٬‬أﺑﻮ داود ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎن ﺑﻦ ﳒﺎح‪ ٬‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪ ٬‬ص‪.148‬‬
‫)‪ (4‬اﶈﻜﻢ ﰲ ﻧﻘﻂ اﳌﺼﺎﺣﻒ‪ ٬‬ﻋﺜﻤﺎن ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ اﻟﺪاﱐ‪ ٬‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪ ٬‬ص ‪.100‬‬
‫‪53‬‬
‫‪pdfMachine‬‬
‫!‪A pdf writer that produces quality PDF files with ease‬‬
‫‪Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original documents. Compatible across‬‬
‫‪nearly all Windows platforms, simply open the document you want to convert, click “print”, select the‬‬
‫!‪“Broadgun pdfMachine printer” and that’s it! Get yours now‬‬
‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎرات أﺑﻲ داود ﻓﻲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼـ ـ ـﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪:‬‬

‫اﻟﻔﺮع اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬اﻟﻤﻮاﺿﻊ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺪﺧﻞ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻫﻤﺰة اﻻﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎم ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﻤﺰة اﻟﻮﺻﻞ ﻣﻊ ﻻم اﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‪:‬‬
‫أﲨﻊ اﻟﻘﺮاء ﻋﻠﻰ إﺑﻘﺎء ﳘﺰة اﻟﻮﺻﻞ‪ ٬‬وﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻐﻴﲑﻫﺎ ﰲ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻨﻮع‪ ٬‬وﻧُﻘﻞ ﻋﻨﻬﻢ ﰲ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺘﻐﻴﲑ‬
‫وﺟﻬﺎن‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻷول‪ :‬ﺗﺴﻬﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﺎ وﺑﲔ اﻷﻟﻒ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬إﺑﺪاﳍﺎ أﻟﻔﺎ ﺧﺎﻟﺼﺔ‪ ٬‬ﻓﺘﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﻫﺬﻩ اﻷﻟﻒ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﺎﻛﻦ اﻟﻼزم اﳌﺪﻏﻢ‪ ٬‬ﻓﻴﻤﺪ‬
‫ﻷﺟﻞ ذﻟﻚ ﻣﺪا ﻣﺸﺒﻌﺎ)‪.(1‬‬
‫أوﻻ‪ :‬ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺿﺒﻄﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ وﺟﻪ اﻟﺘﺴﻬﻴﻞ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺬﻫﺐ اﻷول‪ :‬ﺿﺒﻄﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺬﻫﺐ اﻟﻜﺴﺎﺋﻲ‪ :‬وﻫﻮ أن ﲡﻌﻞ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻔﺮاء‪ ٬‬وﺣﺮﻛﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺑﺎﳊﻤﺮاء ﻗﺒﻞ اﻷﻟﻒ اﻟﺴﻮداء‪ ٬‬وﺟﻌﻠﺖ ﰲ رأس اﻷﻟﻒ اﻟﺴﻮداء ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺑﺎﳊﻤﺮاء ﻓﻘﻂ)‪.(2‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺬﻫﺐ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬ﺿﺒﻄﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺬﻫﺐ اﻟﻔﺮاء وﻣﻦ ﺗﺒﻌﻪ‪ :‬أن ﲡﻌﻞ اﳍﻤﺰة ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻔﺮاء وﺣﺮﻛﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﳊﻤﺮاء‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﻟﻒ اﻟﺴﻮداء‪ ٬‬وﲡﻌﻞ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ﺑﺎﳊﻤﺮاء اﻟﱵ ﻫﻲ ﻋﻼﻣﺔ اﻟﺘﺴﻬﻴﻞ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻷﻟﻒ اﻟﺴﻮداء‪.‬‬
‫وإن ﺷﺎء اﻟﻨﺎﻗﻂ أﻳﻀﺎ ﺟﻌﻞ ﳍﻤﺰة اﻟﻮﺻﻞ أﻟﻔﺎ ﺑﺎﳊﻤﺮاء)‪.(3‬‬
‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎ‪ :‬ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺿﺒﻄﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ وﺟﻪ اﻹﺑﺪال‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻘﻮل ﺑﺄن ﳘﺰة اﻟﻮﺻﻞ ﰲ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻨﻮع ﺗﺒﺪل إﺑﺪاﻻ ﳏﻀﺎ‬
‫وﻻ ﲡﻌﻞ ﺑﲔ ﺑﲔ‪ ٬‬ﻓﺘﺼﲑ ﰲ ﻣﺬﻫﺒﻪ ﻣﺪة ﻣﺸﺒﻌﺔ‪ ٬‬ﻓﺈذا ﻧﻘﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬا اﳌﺬﻫﺐ ﺟﻌﻞ ﻣﻜﺎن اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬
‫اﳊﻤﺮاء اﻟﱵ ﻫﻲ ﻋﻼﻣﺔ اﻟﺘﺴﻬﻴﻞ ﻣﻄﺔ ﺑﺎﳊﻤﺮاء‪ ٬‬ﻟﻴﺪل ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺒﺪل اﶈﺾ)‪.(4‬‬

‫)‪ (1‬اﻟﺒﺪور اﻟﺰاﻫﺮة ﰲ اﻟﻘﺮاءات اﻟﻌﺸﺮ اﳌﺘﻮاﺗﺮة‪ ٬‬ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻔﺘﺎح اﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ‪ ٬‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪ ٬‬ص‪.110‬‬
‫)‪ (2‬أﺻﻮل اﻟﻀﺒﻂ وﻛﻴﻔﻴﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻬﺔ اﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎر‪ ٬‬أﺑﻮ داود ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎن ﺑﻦ ﳒﺎح‪ ٬‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪ ٬‬ص‪.149‬‬
‫)‪ (3‬اﳌﺮﺟﻊ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‪ ٬‬ص‪.150‬‬
‫)‪ (4‬اﳌﺮﺟﻊ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‪ ٬‬ص‪.151-150‬‬
‫‪54‬‬
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‫!‪A pdf writer that produces quality PDF files with ease‬‬
‫‪Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original documents. Compatible across‬‬
‫‪nearly all Windows platforms, simply open the document you want to convert, click “print”, select the‬‬
‫!‪“Broadgun pdfMachine printer” and that’s it! Get yours now‬‬
‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎرات أﺑﻲ داود ﻓﻲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ‬ :‫اﻟﻔﺼـ ـ ـﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬

‫ وأﻧﻜﺮ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ‬٬‫ وﻟﻜﻨﻪ ذﻛﺮ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ وﺟﻪ اﻟﺘﺴﻬﻴﻞ‬٬‫ ﱂ ﻳﺒﲔ اﻹﻣﺎم اﺧﺘﻴﺎرﻩ ﻫﻨﺎ‬:‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎر أﺑﻲ داود‬
‫ إذ اﳌﻂ إﳕﺎ ﻳﻘﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺮف ﻣﻮﺟﻮد‬٬‫ ﻻ أﻧﻘﻂ ﺬا اﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻷﺧﲑ وﻻ أﺳﺘﺠﻴﺰﻩ‬:‫ﻋﻠﻰ وﺟﻪ اﻹﺑﺪال ﻓﻘﺎل‬
.(1)‫ﰲ اﳋﻂ و اﻟﻠﻔﻆ‬
.‫ ﺟﺮى ﻋﻤﻞ اﳌﺼﺎﺣﻒ ﺑﺎﳌﺬﻫﺐ اﳌﺨﺘﺎر‬:‫ﻋﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﺼﺎﺣﻒ‬

.151‫ ص‬٬‫ ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‬٬‫ أﺑﻮ داود ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎن ﺑﻦ ﳒﺎح‬٬‫( أﺻﻮل اﻟﻀﺒﻂ وﻛﻴﻔﻴﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻬﺔ اﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎر‬1)

55
pdfMachine
A pdf writer that produces quality PDF files with ease!
Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original documents. Compatible across
nearly all Windows platforms, simply open the document you want to convert, click “print”, select the
“Broadgun pdfMachine printer” and that’s it! Get yours now!
‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎرات أﺑﻲ داود ﻓﻲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼـ ـ ـﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪:‬‬

‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﺐ اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ اﺟﺘﻤﻊ ﻓﻴﻪ أﻟﻔﺎن ﻓﻲ وﺳﻂ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‪ ٬‬أو ﻓﻲ آﺧﺮﻫﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﺎ اﺟﺘﻤﻊ ﻓﻴﻪ أﻟﻔﺎن ﰲ وﺳﻂ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‪ ٬‬واﳌﺘﻤﺜﻞ ﰲ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ‪ :‬ﱡﭐ‪‬ﱠ]اﻟﺰﺧﺮف‪ ٬[37:‬أو ﻣﺎ اﺟﺘﻤﻊ‬
‫ﻛﻠﻤﱵ‪ :‬ﱡﭐ‪ ‬ﱠ]اﻟﺸﻌﺮاء‪ ٬[61:‬ﱡ‪ ‬ﱠ]ﻳﻮﻧﺲ‪ ٬[87:‬ﻓﻀﺒﻄﻬﺎ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‪:‬‬
‫اﻷﻟﻔﺎن ﰲ آﺧﺮﻩ‪ ٬‬وذﻟﻚ ﰲ ّ‬
‫ﭐ ﱡﭐ‪‬ﱠ ]اﻟﺰﺧﺮف‪:[37:‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮع اﻷول‪:‬ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺿﺒﻂ ﻣﺎ اﺟﺘﻤﻊ ﻓﻴﻪ أﻟﻔﺎن ﻓﻲ وﺳﻂ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‪ :‬ﻟﻔﻆ‬
‫ﻟﻔﻆ ﱡﭐ‪‬ﱠ رﺳﻢ ﰲ ﲨﻴﻊ اﳌﺼﺎﺣﻒ ﺑﺄﻟﻒ واﺣﺪة‪ ٬‬ﻓﺈن ﻛﺎن ﻣﺮﺳﻮﻣﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺮاءة اﻟﺘﻮﺣﻴﺪ واﻹﻓﺮاد‬
‫ﻓﺬﻟﻚ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ رﲰﻪ‪ ٬‬وإن ﻛﺎن ﻣﺮﺳﻮﻣﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺮاءة اﻟﺘﺜﻨﻴﺔ)‪ ٬(1‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﺣﺬﻓﺖ ﻣﻨﻪ أﻟﻒ واﺣﺪة‪ ٬‬واﶈﺬوﻓﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫اﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﲔ‪:‬‬
‫اﻻﺣﺘﻤﺎل اﻷول‪ :‬أن ﺗﻜﻮن اﶈﺬوﻓﺔ ﻫﻲ ﻋﻼﻣﺔ اﻻﺛﻨﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ زاﺋﺪة‪.‬‬

‫اﻻﺣﺘﻤﺎل اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬أن ﺗﻜﻮن اﳌﻨﻘﻠﺒﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻋﲔ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﰲ ﺟﺎء‪ ٬‬إذ اﻷﺻﻞ )ﺟﻴﺄ(‪ ٬‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ّ‬
‫ﲢﺮﻛﺖ اﻟﻴﺎء واﻧﻔﺘﺢ‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﻗﺒﻠﻬﺎ اﻧﻘﻠﺒﺖ أﻟﻔﺎ‪ ٬‬ﰒ أﺗﺖ أﻟﻒ اﻟﺘﺜﻨﻴﺔ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﻓﺎﻟﺘﻘﺘﺎ ﻣﻌﺎً‪ ٬‬ﻓﻮﺟﺐ ﺣﺬف إﺣﺪاﳘﺎ‪ ٬‬ﻓﺤﺬﻓﺖ اﻟﱵ ﻫﻲ‬
‫ﻋﲔ ﻟﻜﻮ ﺎ أوﳍﺎ‪ ٬‬وأﺛﺒﺘﺖ اﻟﱵ ﻫﻲ ﻋﻼﻣﺔ اﻻﺛﻨﲔ‪ ٬‬ﻷن اﳌﻌﲎ ﳜﺘﻞ ﲝﺬﻓﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫وﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺿﺒﻄﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ وﺟﻬﲔ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﻮﺟ ـﻪ اﻷول‪ :‬وﻫﻮ ﻛﻮ ﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻻﺣﺘﻤﺎل اﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﺑﺄن ﲡﻌﻞ اﳍﻤﺰة ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻔﺮاء وﺣﺮﻛﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻧﻘﻄـﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺎﳊﻤﺮاء ﺑﻌﺪ اﻷﻟﻒ اﻟﺴﻮداء‪ ٬‬وﻳﺮﺳﻢ ﺑﻌﺪ اﳍﻤﺰة أﻟﻒ ﺑﺎﳊﻤﺮة‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬إذا ﺿﺒﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻻﺣﺘﻤﺎل اﻷول ﻓﺎﻟﻮاﺟﺐ أن ﺗﺜﺒﺖ أﻟﻔﺎً ﺑﺎﳊﻤﺮة ﺑﲔ اﳉﻴﻢ واﻷﻟﻒ‬
‫اﻟﺴﻮداء‪ ٬‬وﺗﻮﻗﻊ اﳍﻤﺰة ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻔﺮاء ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪.‬‬
‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎر أﺑﻲ داود‪ :‬اﺧﺘﺎر أﺑﻮ داود اﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻷول ﺣﻴﺚ ﻗﺎل‪ :‬واﻷول أﺧﺘﺎر‪ ٬‬وﺑﻪ أﻧﻘﻂ)‪.(2‬‬

‫)‪ (1‬ﻗﺮاءة اﻟﺘﺜﻨﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﻗﺮاءة‪ :‬ﻧﺎﻓﻊ واﺑﻦ ﻛﺜﲑ‪ ٬‬واﺑﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﺮ‪ ٬‬وأﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ‪ ٬‬وﻗﺮأ اﻟﺒﺎﻗﻮن ﺑﻐﲑ أﻟﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮﺣﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﻳﻨﻈﺮ‪ :‬اﻟﻨﺸﺮ ﰲ اﻟﻘﺮاءات‬
‫اﻟﻌﺸﺮ‪ ٬‬أﰊ اﳋﲑ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ اﳉﺰري‪ ٬‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪.369/2 ٬‬‬
‫)‪ (2‬أﺻﻮل اﻟﻀﺒﻂ وﻛﻴﻔﻴﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻬﺔ اﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎر‪ ٬‬أﺑﻮ داود ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎن ﺑﻦ ﳒﺎح‪ ٬‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪ ٬‬ص‪.186‬‬
‫‪56‬‬
‫‪pdfMachine‬‬
‫!‪A pdf writer that produces quality PDF files with ease‬‬
‫‪Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original documents. Compatible across‬‬
‫‪nearly all Windows platforms, simply open the document you want to convert, click “print”, select the‬‬
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‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎرات أﺑﻲ داود ﻓﻲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼـ ـ ـﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪:‬‬

‫ﺳﺒﺐ اﺧﺘﻴﺎر أﺑﻲ داود‪:‬‬

‫‪ .1‬إ ﱠن اﻷﻟﻒ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ زاﺋﺪة‪ ٬‬واﻷﻟﻒ اﻷوﱃ أﺻﻠﻴﺔ‪ ٬‬واﻟﺰاﺋﺪ أوﱃ ﺑﺎﳊﺬف ﻣﻦ اﻷﺻﻠﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .2‬أ ﱠن اﻟﺜﻘﻞ إﳕﺎ وﻗﻊ ﺑﺎﻷﻟﻒ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ دون اﻷوﱃ‪ ٬‬ﻓﺤﺬف ﻣﺎ وﻗﻊ ﺑﻪ اﻟﺜﻘﻞ أوﱃ ﳑﺎ ﱂ ﻳﻘﻊ ﺑﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .3‬أ ﱠن اﻷﻟﻒ اﻷوﱃ ﻫﻲ ﻋﲔ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﻗﺪ أﻋﻠﺖ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻠﺐ‪ ٬‬ﻷ ﺎ ﻣﻨﻘﻠﺒﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻳﺎء‪ ٬‬ﻓﻠﻮ أﻋﻠﺖ ﺑﺎﳊﺬف‬
‫أﻳﻀﺎ ﻟﻠﺤﻖ ﻋﲔ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ إﻋﻼﻻن‪ :‬ﻗﻠﺐ ﰒ ﺣﺬف‪ ٬‬وذﻟﻚ إﺟﺤﺎف ﺑﺎﳊﺮف‪.‬‬
‫‪ .4‬أ ﱠن ﰲ ﺣﺬف اﻷﻟﻒ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ إﺷﺎرة إﱃ اﻟﻘﺮاءة اﻷﺧﺮى‪ ٬‬وﻫﻲ ﻗﺮاءة اﻹﻓﺮاد؛ ﻷن ﻫﺬا اﻟﻠﻔﻆ ﻗﺮئ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺜﻨﻴﺔ واﻹﻓﺮاد‪ ٬‬ﻓﺈن ﻛﺎن ﻫﺬا اﻟﻠﻔﻆ ﻣﺮﺳﻮﻣﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺮاءة اﻹﻓﺮاد‪ ٬‬ﻓﺬﻟﻚ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ رﲰﻪ‪ ٬‬وإن ﻛﺎن‬
‫ﻣﺮﺳﻮﻣﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺮاءة اﻟﺘﺜﻨﻴﺔ‪ ٬‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﺣﺬف ﻣﻨﻪ أﻟﻒ واﺣﺪة ﲣﻔﻴﻔﺎ وإﺷﺎرة‪.‬‬
‫‪ .5‬ﻷﻧﻪ اﺧﺘﻴﺎر ﺷﻴﺨﻪ‪ ٬‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻗﺎل‪ :‬وذﻟﻚ اﻟﻮﺟﻪ ﻋﻨﺪي)‪.(1‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﺼﺎﺣﻒ‪ :‬ﺟﺮى ﻋﻤﻞ اﳌﺼﺎﺣﻒ ﺑﺎﻷول اﳌﺨﺘﺎر‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﺮع اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪:‬ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺿﺒﻂ ﻣﺎ اﺟﺘﻤﻊ ﻓﻴﻪ أﻟﻔﺎن ﻓﻲ آﺧﺮ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‪:‬‬
‫واﳌﺘﻤﺜﻞ ﰲ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺿﺒﻂ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺘﲔ‪ :‬ﱡﭐ ﱠﱂ‪ ٬‬ﱡ‪ ‬ﱠ‪:‬‬
‫أ‪ -‬ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺿﺒﻂ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﭐﱡ ﱠﱂ]اﻟﺸﻌﺮاء‪:[61 :‬‬
‫اﺗﻔﻘﺖ اﳌﺼﺎﺣﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﺘﺐ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﱡﭐ ﱠﱂ ﺑﺄﻟﻒ واﺣﺪة‪ ٬‬ﻓﺘﺤﺘﻤﻞ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻷﻟﻒ اﻟﺴﻮداء أن ﺗﻜﻮن أﻟﻒ‬
‫اﻟﺒﻨﺎء اﻟﱵ ﻫﻲ ﺑﻨﺎء ﺗﻔﺎﻋﻞ‪ ٬‬أو أن ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﻴﺎء اﻟﱵ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻼم ﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ؛ ﻷن أﺻﻞ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﺗﺮاءي‪ ٬‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎ‬
‫أﻟﻔﲔ؛ أﻟﻒ اﻟﺒﻨﺎء‪٬‬‬
‫ﲢﺮﻛﺖ اﻟﻴﺎء اﻟﱵ ﻫﻲ ﻻم اﻟﻔﻌﻞ واﻧﻔﺘﺢ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺒﻠﻬﺎ‪ ٬‬اﻧﻘﻠﺒﺖ أﻟﻔﺎ ﻓﺼﺎرت ﱡﭐ ﱠﱂ ﻤﺰة ﺑﲔ ّ‬
‫واﻷﻟﻒ اﳌﻨﻘﻠﺒﺔ‪ ٬‬وﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺿﺒﻄﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ وﺟﻬﲔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻟﺬي ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﻤﺮﺳﻮﻣﺔ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ أﻟﻒ اﻟﺒﻨﺎء واﻟﻤﺤﺬوﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﭐﱡﭐ ﱠ‬
‫ﱂ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻷول‪ :‬ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺿﺒﻂ‬
‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ :‬أن ﲡﻌﻞ اﳍﻤﺰة ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻔﺮاء ﺑﻌﺪ اﻷﻟﻒ اﳌﻜﺘﻮﺑﺔ ﺑﺎﳊﱪ‪ ٬‬وﺗﻠﺤﻖ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ أﻟﻒ ﺑﺎﳊﻤﺮاء‪ ٬‬ﻓﺘﻘﻊ‬
‫اﳍﻤﺰة ﺑﲔ أﻟﻔﲔ اﻷوﱃ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻮداء واﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﳊﻤﺮاء‪ ٬‬دﻻﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ أن ﺑﻌﺪ اﳍﻤﺰة أﻟﻒ ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺔ ﰲ ﺣﺎل‬
‫اﻻﻧﻔﺼﺎل ﺳﺎﻗﻄﺔ ﰲ ﺣﺎل اﻻﺗﺼﺎل‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (1‬اﶈﻜﻢ ﰲ ﻧﻘﻂ اﳌﺼﺎﺣﻒ‪ ٬‬ﻋﺜﻤﺎن ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ اﻟﺪاﱐ‪ ٬‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪ ٬‬ص‪.163‬‬
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‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎرات أﺑﻲ داود ﻓﻲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼـ ـ ـﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪:‬‬

‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻟﺬي ﺗﻜﻮن اﻷﻟﻒ اﻟﻤﺮﺳﻮﻣﺔ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ اﻷﻟﻒ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﭐﱡ ﱠ‬
‫ﱂ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺿﺒﻂ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻨﻘﻠﺒﺔ وﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﻤﺤﺬوﻓﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ ﻟﻠﺒﻨﺎء‪ :‬أن ﺗﺜﺒﺖ اﻷﻟﻒ اﳊﻤﺮاء ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺮاء وﲡﻌﻞ اﳍﻤﺰة ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻔﺮاء‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ وﺣﺮﻛﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﳊﻤﺮة‪ ٬‬ﻓﺘﻘﻊ أﻳﻀﺎ اﳍﻤﺰة ﺑﲔ أﻟﻔﲔ؛ اﻷوﱃ ﺑﺎﳊﻤﺮة‪ ٬‬واﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻮاد‪.‬‬
‫وإن ﺷﺎء اﻟﻨﺎﻗﻂ أﻳﻀﺎ ﱂ ﻳﺮﺳﻢ اﻷﻟﻒ ﰲ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ ٬‬وﺟﻌﻞ ﻣﻘﺎﻣﻬﺎ ﻣﻄﺔ)‪.(1‬‬
‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎر أﺑﻲ داود‪:‬‬
‫اﺳﺘﺤﺴﻦ أﺑﻮ داود اﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻗﺎل‪ :‬ﻫﺬا اﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻟﺜﺎﱐ أﺣﺴﻦ‪ ٬‬ﰒ ﻗﺎل‪ :‬واﻟﺬي ﻗﺪﻣﺘﻪ أﺣﺴﻦ؛‬
‫ﻟﺮﺳﻢ اﻟﺴﻠﻒ اﻟﺼﺎﱀ ذﻟﻚ)‪.(2‬‬
‫واﺧﺘﻴﺎرﻩ ﻫﻨﺎ ﳜﺎﻟﻒ اﺧﺘﻴﺎرﻩ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ ﳐﺘﺼﺮ اﻟﺘﺒﻴﲔ‪ ٬‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻗﺎل‪ :‬واﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ اﶈﺬوﻓﺔ ﻋﻨﺪي)‪.(3‬‬
‫ﺳﺒﺐ اﺧﺘﻴﺎرﻩ‪:‬‬
‫‪ .1‬ﻟﺮﺳﻢ اﻟﺴﻠﻒ اﻟﺼﺎﱀ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .2‬أ ﱠن اﻷﻟﻒ اﻷوﱃ زاﺋﺪة واﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ أﺻﻠﻴﺔ ‪ ٬‬واﻟﺰاﺋﺪ أوﱃ ﺑﺎﳊﺬف ﻣﻦ اﻷﺻﻠﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .3‬أ ﱠن اﻷﻟﻔﲔ ﳘﺎ ﺳﺎﻛﻨﺎن ﻗﺪ اﻟﺘﻘﻴﺎ‪ ٬‬وﺣﻜﻢ اﻟﺴﺎﻛﻨﲔ إذا اﻟﺘﻘﻴﺎ‪ :‬أن ﳛﺬف اﻷول ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪ ٬‬إذاﱂ‬
‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳﻚ أﺣﺪﳘﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .4‬أ ﱠن اﻷﻟﻒ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﱵ ﻫﻲ ﻻم اﻟﻔﻌﻞ أﻋﻠّﺖ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻠﺐ‪ ٬‬ﻷ ﺎ ﻣﻨﻘﻠﺒﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻳﺎء‪ ٬‬ﻓﻠﻮ أﻋﻠﺖ ﺑﺎﳊﺬف‬
‫أﻳﻀﺎ ﻟﻠﺤﻖ ﻻم اﻟﻔﻌﻞ إﻋﻼﻻن؛ ﻗﻠﺐ‪ ٬‬ﰒ ﺣﺬف‪ ٬‬وذﻟﻚ إﺟﺤﺎف ﺑﺎﳊﺮف‪.‬‬
‫‪ .5‬ﻷﻧﻪ اﺧﺘﻴﺎر ﺷﻴﺨﻪ إذ ﻗﺎل‪ :‬وﻫﺬا اﳌﺬﻫﺐ ﻋﻨﺪي أوﺟﻪ‪ ٬‬وﻫﻮ اﻟﺬي أﺧﺘﺎر‪ ٬‬وﺑﻪ أﻧﻘﻂ)‪.(4‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﺼﺎﺣﻒ‪ :‬ﺟﺮى ﻋﻤﻞ اﳌﺼﺎﺣﻒ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﳌﺨﺘﺎر‪.‬‬
‫ب‪ -‬ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺿﺒﻂ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﭐﱡ ‪ ‬ﱠ]ﻳﻮﻧﺲ‪:[87:‬‬
‫اﳌﺮﺳﻮم ﺑﺄﻟﻒ واﺣﺪة ﺑﺈﲨﺎع ﻣﻦ اﳌﺼﺎﺣﻒ واﻟﻘﺮاء‪ ٬‬ﻓﻴﺤﺘﻤﻞ أن ﺗﻜﻮن اﳌﺮﺳﻮﻣﺔ إﻣﺎ ﺻﻮرة اﳍﻤﺰة اﻟﱵ‬

‫)‪ (1‬أﺻﻮل اﻟﻀﺒﻂ وﻛﻴﻔﻴﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻬﺔ اﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎر‪ ٬‬أﺑﻮ داود ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎن ﺑﻦ ﳒﺎح‪ ٬‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪ ٬‬ص‪.183 -182‬‬
‫)‪ (2‬اﳌﺮﺟﻊ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‪ ٬‬ص‪.183‬‬
‫)‪ (3‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ اﻟﺘﺒﻴﲔ ﳍﺠﺎء اﻟﺘﻨﺰﻳﻞ‪ ٬‬أﺑﻮ داود ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎن ﺑﻦ ﳒﺎح‪ ٬‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪.927-926/2 ٬‬‬
‫)‪ (4‬اﶈﻜﻢ ﰲ ﻧﻘﻂ اﳌﺼﺎﺣﻒ‪ ٬‬ﻋﺜﻤﺎن ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ اﻟﺪاﱐ‪ ٬‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪ ٬‬ص‪.159‬‬
‫‪58‬‬
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‫!‪A pdf writer that produces quality PDF files with ease‬‬
‫‪Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original documents. Compatible across‬‬
‫‪nearly all Windows platforms, simply open the document you want to convert, click “print”, select the‬‬
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‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎرات أﺑﻲ داود ﻓﻲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼـ ـ ـﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪:‬‬

‫ﻫﻲ ﻻم اﻟﻔﻌﻞ‪ ٬‬أو أن ﺗﻜﻮن اﳌﺮﺳﻮﻣﺔ ﻫﻲ أﻟﻒ اﻟﺘﺜﻨﻴﺔ‪ ٬‬وﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺿﺒﻂ ﻟﻔﻆ ﱡﭐ‪ ‬ﱠ ﻋﻠﻰ وﺟﻬﲔ‪:‬‬

‫اﻟﻮﺟـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـﻪ اﻷول‪ :‬أن ﺗﻜﻮن اﳌﺮﺳﻮﻣﺔ أﻟﻒ اﻟﺘﺜﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﺘﺠﻌﻞ اﳍﻤﺰة ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻔﺮاء‪ ٬‬وﺣﺮﻛﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺎﳊﻤﺮاء ﻗﺒﻞ اﻷﻟﻒ اﻟﺴﻮداء ﰲ اﻟﺴﻄﺮ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﺎ وﺑﲔ اﻟﻮاو‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬أن ﺗﻜﻮن اﻷﻟﻒ اﻟﺴﻮداء ﻫﻲ ﺻﻮرة اﳍﻤﺰة‪ ٬‬ﻓﺘﺠﻌﻞ اﳍﻤﺰة وﺣﺮﻛﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ ٬‬وﺗﺮﺳﻢ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ‬
‫أﻟﻔﺎ أﺧﺮى ﺑﺎﳊﻤﺮاء‪ ٬‬ﻷﻧﻪ ﻻﺑﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺄدﻳﺔ اﻟﻠﻔﻆ‪ ٬‬وﲢﻘﻴﻖ اﳌﻌﲎ)‪.(1‬‬
‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎر أﺑﻲ داود‪ :‬ﻗﺎل أﺑﻮ داود‪ :‬واﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻷول أﺧﺘﺎر‪ ٬‬وﺑﻪ أﻧﻘﻂ)‪.(2‬‬
‫ﺳﺒﺐ اﺧﺘﻴﺎرﻩ‪:‬‬
‫أ ﱠن اﳍﻤﺰة ﻗﺪ ﺗﺴﺘﻐﲏ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺼﻮرة ﻓﱰﺳﻢ ﺧﻄﺎ‪ ٬‬وذﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺣﺮﻓﺎ ﻣﻦ اﳊﺮوف‪ ٬‬واﻷﻟﻒ‬
‫اﻟﺴﺎﻛﻨﺔ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﺼﺎﺣﻒ‪ :‬ﺟﺮى اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻷول‪.‬‬
‫ﳘﺎ‪ :‬ﱡﭐ‪‬ﱠ]اﻹﺳﺮاء‪٬[60:‬ﭐ‬ ‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈـ ـ ـ ـﺔ‪ :‬أدﺧﻞ أﺑﻮ داود ﰲ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻨﻮع ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺿﺒﻄﻪ ﻟﻜﻠﻤﺘﲔ‬
‫وﻛﻠﻤﺔ‪:‬ﱡﭐ‪ ‬ﱠ]ﻳﻮﺳﻒ‪ ٬[5:‬وذﻛﺮ وﺟﻬﺎن ﰲ ذﻟﻚ ﳘﺎ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻷول‪ :‬أن ﲡﻌﻞ اﳍﻤﺰة ﺑﲔ اﻟﺮاء واﻟﻴﺎء‪ ٬‬وﺣﺮﻛﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬أن ﺗﺜﺒﺖ واوا ﺑﺎﳊﻤﺮاء ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪ ٬‬وﲡﻌﻞ ﰲ رأﺳﻬﺎ اﳍﻤﺰة وﺣﺮﻛﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎر أﺑﻲ داود‪ :‬ﻗﺎل‪ :‬واﻷول أﺧﺘﺎر‪ ٬‬وﺑﻪ أﻧﻘﻂ)‪.(3‬‬
‫ﺳﺒﺐ اﺧﺘﻴﺎر أﺑﻲ داود‪:‬‬

‫)‪ (1‬وﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺗﻔﻌﻞ ﺑﻜﻞ ﳘﺰة ﻣﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔ ﺳﻮاء ﲢﺮك ﻣﺎ ﻗﺒﻠﻬﺎ أو ﺳﻜﻦ‪ ٬‬إذا أﺗﻰ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ أﻟﻒ زاﺋﺪة أو ﻣﺒﺪﻟﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺮف أﺻﻠﻲ‪ :‬ﳓﻮ‪:‬‬
‫ﭐﱡ‪ ‬ﱠ]اﻷﻧﻌﺎم‪[77:‬ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎء اﻵﻳﺘﲔ ‪ 18٬11‬ﻣﻦ ﺳﻮرة اﻟﻨﺠﻢ اﳌﺮﺳﻮﻣﺘﺎن ﺑﺎﻷﻟﻒ‪ ٬‬وﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﰲ ﳓﻮ‪ :‬ﭐﱡ‪‬ﱠ]اﻟﺮﻋﺪ‪[30:‬‬

‫وﺷﺒﻬﻪ‪ ٬‬ﻓﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﺿﺒﻄﻬﺎ ﻛﻀﺒﻂ ﻟﻔﻆ ﺗﺒﻮءا‪ .‬ﻳﻨﻈﺮ‪ :‬أﺻﻮل اﻟﻀﺒﻂ وﻛﻴﻔﻴﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻬﺔ اﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎر‪ ٬‬أﺑﻮ داود ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎن ﺑﻦ ﳒﺎح‪ ٬‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ‬
‫ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪ ٬‬ص‪.190‬‬
‫)‪ (2‬اﳌﺮﺟﻊ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‪ ٬‬ص‪.187‬‬
‫)‪ (3‬اﳌﺮﺟﻊ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‪ ٬‬ص‪.188‬‬

‫‪59‬‬
‫‪pdfMachine‬‬
‫!‪A pdf writer that produces quality PDF files with ease‬‬
‫‪Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original documents. Compatible across‬‬
‫‪nearly all Windows platforms, simply open the document you want to convert, click “print”, select the‬‬
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‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎرات أﺑﻲ داود ﻓﻲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ‬ :‫اﻟﻔﺼـ ـ ـﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬

.‫اﻻﺳﺘﻐﻨﺎء ﺑﺎﳍﻤﺰة ﻋﻦ اﻟﺼﻮرة ﻻﺳﺘﻘﻼﳍﺎ‬

.‫ ﺟﺮى ﻋﻤﻞ اﳌﺼﺎﺣﻒ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻷول‬:‫ﻋﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﺼﺎﺣﻒ‬

:‫ اﺟﺘﻤﺎع اﻟﻬﻤﺰﺗﺎن ﻣﻦ ﻛﻠﻤﺘﻴﻦ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺘﻴﻦ‬:‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﺐ اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ‬

60
pdfMachine
A pdf writer that produces quality PDF files with ease!
Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original documents. Compatible across
nearly all Windows platforms, simply open the document you want to convert, click “print”, select the
“Broadgun pdfMachine printer” and that’s it! Get yours now!
‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎرات أﺑﻲ داود ﻓﻲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼـ ـ ـﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪:‬‬

‫ﺿﺒﻂ اﳍﻤﺰﺗﺎن اﻟﻠﺘﺎن ﻣﻦ ﻛﻠﻤﺘﲔ ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺘﲔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺮاءة ﻣﻦ ﺳﻬﻞ اﻷوﱃ وﺣﻘﻖ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ)‪ (1‬ﻛﺎﻵﰐ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﺮع اﻷول‪:‬ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺿﺒﻂ اﻟﻬﻤﺰﺗﺎن اﻟﻠﺘﺎن ﻣﻦ ﻛﻠﻤﺘﻴﻦ‪ ٬‬واﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮﻛﺘﺎن ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺴﺮ‪:‬‬
‫ﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﻀﺒﻂ ﰲ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﻧﻘﻂ اﳍﻤﺰﺗﲔ اﻟﻠﺘﲔ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻠﻤﺘﲔ واﳌﺘﺤﺮﻛﺘﲔ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺴﺮ وﺟﻬﺎن‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻷول‪ :‬أن ﺗﺴﻘﻂ اﳍﻤﺰة اﻷوﱃ وﲡﻌﻞ ﻣﻜﺎ ﺎ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺑﺎﳊﻤﺮاء ﺑﻌﺪ اﻷﻟﻒ اﻷوﱃ ﻋﻼﻣﺔ ﻟﺘﻠﻴﻴﻨﻬﺎ‪٬‬‬
‫وﲡﻌﻞ اﳍﻤﺰة اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻔﺮاء وﺣﺮﻛﺘﻬﺎ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺑﺎﳊﻤﺮاء ﲢﺖ اﻷﻟﻒ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬ﺟﻌﻞ اﳍﻤﺰة اﳌﺴﻬﻠﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻷﻟﻒ اﻷوﱃ ﻳﺎء ﺻﻐﺮى ﺑﺎﳊﻤﺮاء؛ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻗﺮﺑﺖ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺴﻬﻴﻞ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻬﺎ وﻳﻌﺮﻳﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ اﳊﺮﻛﺔ؛ ﻷن ﻛﺴﺮ ﺎ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﲞﺎﻟﺼﺔ)‪.(2‬‬
‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎر أﺑﻲ داود‪ :‬ﻗﺎل أﺑﻮ داود‪ :‬واﻷول أﺧﺘﺎر‪ ٬‬وﺑﻪ أﻧﻘﻂ‪ ٬‬وﻻ أﺳﺘﺠﻴﺰ ﻫﺬا)‪.(3‬‬
‫ذﻛﺮ اﻟﺪاﱐ اﻟﻮﺟﻬﲔ وﱂ ﻳﺮﺟﺢ ﺷﻴﺌﺎ‪ ٬‬إﻻ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺆﺧﺬ ﻟﻪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻘﺪﱘ‪ ٬‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻗﺪم اﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻷول)‪.(4‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﺼﺎﺣﻒ‪ :‬ﺟﺮى ﻋﻤﻞ اﳌﺼﺎﺣﻒ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﳌﺨﺘﺎر‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﺮع اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺿﺒﻂ اﻟﻬﻤﺰﺗﺎن اﻟﻠﺘﺎن ﻣﻦ ﻛﻠﻤﺘﻴﻦ‪ ٬‬اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮﻛﺘﺎن ﺑﺎﻟﻀﻢ‪:‬‬
‫ﰲ ﺿﺒﻂ اﳍﻤﺰﺗﺎن اﻟﻠﺘﺎن ﻣﻦ ﻛﻠﻤﺘﲔ‪ ٬‬واﳌﺘﺤﺮﻛﺘﺎن ﺑﺎﻟﻀﻢ وﺟﻬﺎن‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻷول‪ :‬أن ﲡﻌﻞ اﳍﻤﺰة اﻷوﱃ اﳌﺴﻬﻠﺔ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺑﺎﳊﻤﺮاء ﺑﻌﺪ اﻷﻟﻒ‪ ٬‬وﲡﻌﻞ اﶈﻘﻘﺔ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻔﺮاء‬
‫ﰲ اﻷﻟﻒ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ ٬‬وﺣﺮﻛﺘﻬﺎ أﻣﺎﻣﻬﺎ‪ ٬‬أو ﰲ اﻟﻮاو‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬ﺟﻌﻞ اﳍﻤﺰة اﳌﺴﻬﻠﺔ واوا ﺑﺎﳊﻤﺮاء ﻣﻜﺎن اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ‪ ٬‬وأﺧﻼﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻀﺒﻂ‪.‬‬
‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎر أﺑﻲ داود‪ :‬ﻗﺎل أﺑﻮ داود‪ :‬واﻷول أﺧﺘﺎر‪ ٬‬وﺑﻪ أﻧﻘﻂ‪ ٬‬وﻻ أﺳﺘﺠﻴﺰ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺜﺎﱐ)‪.(5‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﺼﺎﺣﻒ‪ :‬ﺟﺮى ﻋﻤﻞ اﳌﺼﺎﺣﻒ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﳌﺨﺘﺎر‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (1‬ﻗﺮأ ﻗﺎﻟﻮن واﻟﺒﺰي ﺑﺘﺴﻬﻴﻞ اﳍﻤﺰة اﻷوﱃ‪ ٬‬وﲢﻘﻴﻖ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ ٬‬ﻣﻊ اﳌﺪ واﻟﻘﺼﺮ‪ .‬ﻳﻨﻈﺮ‪ :‬اﻟﺒﺪور اﻟﺰاﻫﺮة ﰲ اﻟﻘﺮاءات اﻟﻌﺸﺮ اﳌﺘﻮاﺗﺮة‪ ٬‬ﻋﺒﺪ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺘﺎح اﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ‪ ٬‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪ ٬‬ص‪.28‬‬
‫)‪ (2‬أﺻﻮل اﻟﻀﺒﻂ وﻛﻴﻔﻴﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻬﺔ اﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎر‪ ٬‬أﺑﻮ داود ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎن ﺑﻦ ﳒﺎح‪ ٬‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪ ٬‬ص‪.170‬‬
‫)‪ (3‬اﳌﺮﺟﻊ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‪ ٬‬ص‪.171‬‬
‫)‪ (4‬اﶈﻜﻢ ﰲ ﻧﻘﻂ اﳌﺼﺎﺣﻒ‪ ٬‬ﻋﺜﻤﺎن ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ اﻟﺪاﱐ‪ ٬‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪ ٬‬ص‪.114‬‬
‫)‪ (5‬أﺻﻮل اﻟﻀﺒﻂ وﻛﻴﻔﻴﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻬﺔ اﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎر‪ ٬‬أﺑﻮ داود ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎن ﺑﻦ ﳒﺎح‪ ٬‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪ ٬‬ص‪.172‬‬
‫‪61‬‬
‫‪pdfMachine‬‬
‫!‪A pdf writer that produces quality PDF files with ease‬‬
‫‪Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original documents. Compatible across‬‬
‫‪nearly all Windows platforms, simply open the document you want to convert, click “print”, select the‬‬
‫!‪“Broadgun pdfMachine printer” and that’s it! Get yours now‬‬
 ‫اﻟﻤﺒﺤﺚ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬

.‫ﻣﺎ اﺟﺘﻤﻌﺖ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻳﺎءان ورﺳﻢ ﺑﻮاﺣﺪة‬

:‫وﻳﺸﺘﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻄﻠﺒﲔ‬

.‫ ﻣﺎ اﺟﺘﻤﻌﺖ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻳﺎءان ﻟﻴﺴﺖ إﺣﺪاﻫﻤﺎ ﺻﻮرة ﻟﻠﻬﻤﺰة‬:‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﺐ اﻷول‬

.‫ ﻣﺎ اﺟﺘﻤﻊ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻳﺎءان إﺣﺪاﻫﻤﺎ ﺻـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـﻮرة ﻟﻠﻬﻤـ ـ ـ ـﺰة‬:‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﺐ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬

pdfMachine
A pdf writer that produces quality PDF files with ease!
Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original documents. Compatible across
nearly all Windows platforms, simply open the document you want to convert, click “print”, select the
“Broadgun pdfMachine printer” and that’s it! Get yours now!
 ‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎرات أﺑﻲ داود ﻓﻲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼـ ـ ـﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪:‬‬

‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﺐ اﻷول‪ :‬ﻣﺎ اﺟﺘﻤﻌﺖ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻳﺎءان ﻟﻴﺴﺖ إﺣﺪاﻫﻤﺎ ﺻﻮرة ﻟﻠﻬﻤﺰة‪:‬‬
‫ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪ :‬ﱡﭐ‪ ‬ﱠ‬ ‫اﺗﻔﻘﺖ اﳌﺼﺎﺣﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺬف إﺣﺪى اﻟﻴﺎءﻳﻦ إذا اﺟﺘﻤﻌﺘﺎ ﻣﻌﺎً‪ ٬‬وذﻟﻚ ﰲ‬
‫]اﻟﺒﻘﺮة‪ [60:‬اﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻘﺮاءة ﻧﺎﻓﻊ وﺣﺪﻩ)‪ ٬(1‬وﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﰲ ﳓﻮ ﻗﻮﻟــﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﻟ ـ ــﻰ‪ :‬ﱡﭐ‪‬ﱠ]آل ﻋﻤﺮان‪٬[74:‬‬
‫وﭐﱡ‪ ‬ﱠ]آل ﻋﻤﺮان‪ ٬[78:‬وﺷﺒﻬﻪ‪ ٬‬ﻓﻴﺠﻮز أن ﺗﻜﻮن اﶈﺬوﻓﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻴﺎءﻳﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ إﺣﺪى اﳊﺎﻟﺘﻴ ـ ـ ـﻦ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ‪ :‬أن ﺗﻜﻮن اﶈﺬوﻓﺔ اﻷوﱃ اﻟﺰاﺋﺪة ﻟﻠﻤﺪ ﰲ ﺑﻨﺎء ﻓﻌﻴﻞ‪ ٬‬وﻫﺬا اﺧﺘﻴﺎر اﻟﺪاﱐ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻗﺎل‪:‬‬
‫واﳌﺬﻫﺐ اﻷول أوﺟﻪ)‪.(2‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﳚﻮز أن ﺗﻜﻮن اﶈﺬوﻓﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﱵ ﻫﻲ ﻋﻼﻣﺔ اﳉﻤﻊ‪ ٬‬ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻛﺎن اﻟﺒﻨﺎء ﳜﺘﻞ ﲝﺬف‬
‫اﻷوﱃ‪ ٬‬وﻛﺄن اﻟﺜﻘﻞ واﻟﻜﺮاﻫﺔ ﻟﻠﺠﻤﻊ ﺑﲔ ﺻﻮرﺗﲔ ﻣﺘﻔﻘﺘﲔ إﳕﺎ وﺟﺐ ﺑﺎﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻻ ﺑﺎﻷوﱃ‪.‬‬
‫وﻗﺎل أﺑﻮ داود ﰲ ﳐﺘﺼﺮﻩ‪ :‬وأﻧﺎ أﺧﺎﻟﻒ أﺑﺎ ﻋﻤﺮو ﰲ ﻫﺬا‪ ٬‬وأﻗﻮل‪ :‬إن اﳌﺬﻫﺐ اﻟﺜﺎﱐ أﺣﺴﻦ ﻋﻨﺪي)‪.(3‬‬
‫وﻫﺬا اﻟﻨﻮع ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت ﻗُ ِﺮأ ﺑﻴﺎءﻳﻦ ﻋﻨﺪ ﲨﻴﻊ اﻟﻘﺮاء ﻣﺎ ﻋﺪا ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﱡ‪‬ﱠ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻹﻣﺎم ﻧﺎﻓﻊ‪ ٬‬وﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺿﺒﻂ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﺮع اﻷول‪ :‬ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺿﺒﻂ ﻣﺎ اﺟﺘﻤﻌﺖ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻳﺎءان ﻟﻴﺴﺖ إﺣﺪاﻫﻤﺎ ﺻﻮرة ﻟﻠﻬﻤﺰة ﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﻘﺮاء‪:‬‬
‫ﻟﻜﻞ اﻟﻘﺮاء وﺟﻬﺎن ﰲ ﺿﺒﻂ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت اﻟﱵ اﺟﺘﻤﻌﺖ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻳﺎءان ﻟﻴﺴﺖ إﺣﺪاﳘﺎ ﺻﻮرة ﻟﻠﻬﻤﺰة ﳘﺎ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻷول‪ :‬إذا ﺿﺒﻄﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ اﳊﺎﻟﺔ اﻷوﱃ‪ ٬‬اﻟﱵ ﺗﻜﻮن اﶈﺬوﻓﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﺰاﺋﺪة ﻟﻠﻤﺪ‪ :‬أن ﲡﻌﻞ ﻳﺎء‬
‫ﺑﺎﳊﻤﺮاء ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻴﺎء اﻟﺴﻮداء‪.‬‬
‫ﺿﺒﻄﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ اﳊﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﱵ ﺗﻜﻮن اﶈﺬوﻓﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻫﻲ ﻋﻼﻣﺔ اﳉﻤﻊ‪ :‬أن ﲡﻌﻞ ﻳﺎء‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬إذا ُ‬
‫ﺑﺎﳊﻤﺮاء ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻴﺎء اﻟﺴﻮداء‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (1‬ﻗﺮأ ﻧﺎﻓﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﺻﻞ؛ وﻗﺮأ اﻟﺒﺎﻗﻮن ﺑﻴﺎء ﻣﺸﺪدة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻹﺑﺪال واﻹدﻏﺎم‪ .‬ﻳﻨﻈﺮ‪ :‬اﻟﺘﺬﻛﺮة ﰲ اﻟﻘﺮاءات اﻟﺜﻤﺎن‪ ٬‬ﻃﺎﻫﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﳌﻨﻌﻢ‬
‫ﺑﻦ ﻏﻠﺒﻮن‪ ٬‬ﲢﻘﻴﻖ‪ :‬أﳝﻦ رﺷﺪي ﺳﻮﻳﺪ‪) ٬‬د‪.‬م‪.‬ن(‪ ٬‬ط‪ ٬1‬ﺳﻨﺔ‪1412 :‬ه‪1991/‬م‪.315/2 ٬‬‬
‫)‪ (2‬اﶈﻜﻢ ﰲ ﻧﻘﻂ اﳌﺼﺎﺣﻒ‪ ٬‬ﻋﺜﻤﺎن ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ اﻟﺪاﱐ‪ ٬‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪ ٬‬ص‪.165‬‬
‫)‪ (3‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ اﻟﺘﺒﻴﲔ ﳍﺠﺎء اﻟﺘﻨﺰﻳﻞ‪ ٬‬أﺑﻮ داود ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎن ﺑﻦ ﳒﺎح‪ ٬‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪.152/2 ٬‬‬
‫‪63‬‬
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‫‪Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original documents. Compatible across‬‬
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 ‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎرات أﺑﻲ داود ﻓﻲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼـ ـ ـﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪:‬‬

‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎر أﺑﻲ داود‪ :‬ﻗﺎل أﺑﻮ داود‪ :‬أن ﺗﻜﻮن ﻋﻼﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺠﻤﻊ‪ ٬‬وذﻟﻚ اﻷوﺟﻪ)‪.(1‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﺮع اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺿﺒﻂ ﱡ‪ ‬ﱠ]اﻟﺒﻘﺮة‪ [60:‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺮاءة ﻧﺎﻓﻊ وﺣﺪﻩ‪:‬‬

‫ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺿﺒﻂ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﱡ‪‬ﱠ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ اﳊﺎﻟﺔ ﺗﻜﻮن ﻋﻠﻰ وﺟﻬﲔ‪:‬‬

‫اﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻷول‪ :‬ﺿﺒﻄﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﳊﺎﻟﺔ اﻷوﱃ‪ :‬أن ﲡﻌﻞ ﻳﺎء ﺑﺎﳊﻤﺮة ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺒﺎء اﳌﻨﻘﻮﻃﺔ ﺑﻮاﺣﺪة ﻣﻦ ﲢﺘﻬﺎ‪٬‬‬
‫وﲡﻌﻞ ﳘﺰة ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻔﺮاء ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﰲ اﳌﻄﺔ اﻟﱵ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﺎ وﺑﲔ اﻟﻴﺎء اﳌﺘﺼﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻮن‪ ٬‬وﲡﻌﻞ ﺣﺮﻛﺘﻬﺎ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺑﺎﳊﻤﺮاء‬
‫ﲢﺘﻬﺎ‪ ٬‬ﻓﺘﻜﻮن اﳍﻤﺰة ﺑﲔ اﳊﻤﺮاء واﻟﻴﺎء اﳌﻜﺘﻮﺑﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻮداء)‪.(2‬‬
‫اﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬ﺿﺒﻄﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﳊﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ :‬أن ﲡﻌﻞ اﳍﻤﺰة ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻴﺎء اﻟﺴﻮداء‪ ٬‬وﲡﻌﻞ اﳊﻤﺮاء ﺑﻌﺪﻩ‪.‬‬
‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎر أﺑﻲ داود‪ :‬اﺧﺘﺎر اﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ ٬‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻗﺎل‪ :‬اﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻟﺜﺎﱐ اﻟﺬي اﺧﱰﺗﻪ أﻧﺎ‪ ٬‬وﻏﻠﺒﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻮﺟﻪ‬
‫اﻟﺬي اﺧﺘﺎرﻩ أﺳﺘﺎذﻧﺎ أﺑﻮ ﻋﻤﺮو)‪.(3‬‬
‫ﺳﺒﺐ اﺧﺘﻴﺎر أﺑﻲ داود‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﻷن اﻟﺒﻨﺎء ﳜﺘﻞ ﲝﺬف اﻷوﱃ‪ ٬‬وأن اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ اﻟﱵ أدﺧﻠﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻮﺟﺐ ﺣﺬﻓﻬﺎ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﻷن اﻟﻴﺎء اﻷوﱃ ﻋﻠﻰ أﺻﻠﻬﺎ ﻗﻴﺎﺳﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻘﻂ اﳌﺰدوج‪ ٬‬وﻷﻧﻪ أدﺧﻞ اﻟﺸﺒﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻮﺟﺐ‬
‫ﺣﺬﻓﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -3‬ﻷن ﻛﺴﺮ ﺎ ﺑﺎﻗﻴﺔ وداﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻴﺎء اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺗﻨﻮب ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ ٬‬ﻓﻜﺄ ﺎ ﱂ ﲢﺬف‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (1‬أﺻﻮل اﻟﻀﺒﻂ وﻛﻴﻔﻴﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻬﺔ اﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎر‪ ٬‬أﺑﻮ داود ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎن ﺑﻦ ﳒﺎح‪ ٬‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪ ٬‬ص‪.194‬‬
‫)‪ (2‬وﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﰲ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻨﻮع أﻳﻀﺎ ﳑﺎ اﺟﺘﻤﻊ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻳﺎءان ﳓﻮ‪ :‬ﱡ‪‬ﱠ]آل ﻋﻤﺮان‪ ٬[74:‬ﱡ‪‬ﱠ]آل ﻋﻤﺮان‪ ٬[78:‬ﻏﲑ اﳌﻬﻤﻮز‪٬‬‬
‫وﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﳌﺨﺘﺎر‪ :‬أن ﲡﻌﻞ ﻳﺎء ﺑﺎﳊﻤﺮة ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﺴﻮداء‪ .‬ﻳﻨﻈﺮ‪ :‬أﺻﻮل اﻟﻀﺒﻂ وﻛﻴﻔﻴﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻬﺔ اﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎر‪ ٬‬أﺑﻮ داود‬
‫ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎن ﺑﻦ ﳒﺎح‪ ٬‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪ ٬‬ص‪.194‬‬
‫)‪ (3‬اﳌﺮﺟﻊ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‪ ٬‬ص‪.193‬‬
‫‪64‬‬
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‫!‪A pdf writer that produces quality PDF files with ease‬‬
‫‪Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original documents. Compatible across‬‬
‫‪nearly all Windows platforms, simply open the document you want to convert, click “print”, select the‬‬
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‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎرات أﺑﻲ داود ﻓﻲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ‬ :‫اﻟﻔﺼـ ـ ـﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬

‫ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺣﺬﻓﺖ اﻷوﱃ اﻟﺴﺎﻛﻨﺔ ﻻﻧﺪﻏﺎﻣﻬﺎ ﰲ اﳌﺘﺤﺮﻛﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬٬‫ أ ﱠن اﻷﺻﻞ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺛﻼث ﻳﺎءات‬-4
‫ إذ‬٬‫ وﺟﺐ أن ﺗﻜﻮن اﳌﺘﺤﺮﻛﺔ ﻫﻲ اﳌﺮﺳﻮﻣﺔ ﻻ اﻟﺴﺎﻛﻨﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬٬‫ ﻟﺴﻜﻮ ﺎ وﲢﺮك اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬٬‫اﻷﺻﻞ‬
.‫ﻻ ﺷﻲء ﻳﺪل ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﺪل ﻛﺴﺮة اﻷوﱃ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬
.‫ وﻫﻮ اﺧﺘﻴﺎر اﻹﻣﺎم اﻟﺪاﱐ‬٬‫ ﺟﺮى اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻷول‬:‫ﻋﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﺼﺎﺣﻒ‬

65
pdfMachine
A pdf writer that produces quality PDF files with ease!
Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original documents. Compatible across
nearly all Windows platforms, simply open the document you want to convert, click “print”, select the
“Broadgun pdfMachine printer” and that’s it! Get yours now!
‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎرات أﺑﻲ داود ﻓﻲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼـ ـ ـﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪:‬‬

‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﺐ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ اﺟﺘﻤﻊ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻳﺎءان إﺣﺪاﻫﻤﺎ ﺻﻮرة ﻟﻠﻬﻤﺰة‪:‬‬

‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪ :‬ﱡﭐ‪‬ﱠ]اﳊﺠﺮ‪٬[95:‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎ اﺟﺘﻤﻊ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻳﺎءان إﺣﺪاﳘﺎ ﺻﻮرة ﻟﻠﻬﻤﺰة ﰲ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‬

‫ﱡ‪ ‬ﱠ]اﻟﻜﻬﻒ‪ ٬[31:‬وﺷﺒﻬﻪ‪ ٬‬ﻓﺈن اﻟﻴﺎء اﳌﺮﺳﻮﻣﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻨﻮن ﲢﺘﻤﻞ وﺟﻬﲔ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻷول‪ :‬أن ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﻴﺎء ﺻﻮرة ﻟﻠﻬﻤﺰة ﻟﺘﺤﺮﻛﻬﺎ وﲢﺮك ﻣﺎ ﻗﺒﻠﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬أن ﺗﻜﻮن ﻋﻼﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺠﻤﻊ‪.‬‬
‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎر أﺑﻲ داود‪ :‬ﻗﺎل اﻹﻣﺎم‪ :‬وﻛﻼﳘﺎ ﺻﻮاب‪ ٬‬وﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻷول أﻋﺘﻤﺪ‪ ٬‬وﺑﻪ أﻧﻘﻂ‪ ٬‬وﺑﺬﻟﻚ آﻣﺮ)‪.(1‬‬
‫وﻳﻈﻬﺮ أﺛﺮ اﻻﺧﺘﻼف ﰲ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮ اﻟﻴﺎء اﶈﺬوﻓﺔ ﰲ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت اﳌﺬﻛﻮرة ﰲ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺿﺒﻄﻬﺎ‪ ٬‬ﻓﺼﻮرة ﻧﻘﻄﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻟﺮاﺟﺢ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﺪاﱐ و أﰊ داود ﻫﻮ أن ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﻴﺎء ﻋﻼﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺠﻤﻊ اﳌﺬﻛﺮ‪ ٬‬وﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﻴﺎء اﻟﱵ‬
‫ﻫﻲ ﺻﻮرة اﳍﻤﺰة ﳏﺬوﻓﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﺒﺐ اﺧﺘﻴﺎرﻩ‪:‬‬
‫ﻷن اﳍﻤﺰة ﺗﺴﺘﻐﲏ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺼﻮرة‪ ٬‬ﻟﻜﻮ ﺎ ﺣﺮﻓﺎً ﻣﻦ اﳊﺮوف‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (1‬أﺻﻮل اﻟﻀﺒﻂ وﻛﻴﻔﻴﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻬﺔ اﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎر‪ ٬‬أﺑﻮ داود ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎن ﺑﻦ ﳒﺎح‪ ٬‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪ ٬‬ص‪.194‬‬
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 ‫اﻟﻤﺒﺤﺚ اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ‬

‫ﻣﺎ اﺟﺘﻤﻊ ﻓﻴﻪ واوان ورﺳﻢ ﺑﻮاﺣﺪة‬

‫وﻳﺸﺘﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﲬﺴﺔ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ‪:‬‬

‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﺐ اﻷول‪:‬ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺿﺒﻂ ﱡ‪‬ﱠ]اﻹﺳﺮاء‪ [7:‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺮاءة ﻣﻦ ﻗﺮأ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﺎء‬

‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺠﻤﻊ‪.‬‬

‫وﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﺐ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬ﻟﻔﻆ‪:‬ﱡ‪‬ﱠ]اﻷﺣﺰاب‪ ٬[51:‬وﱡﭐ‪ ‬ﱠ]اﻟﻤﻌﺎرج‪[13:‬‬

‫ﺿﺒﻄﻬﻤﺎ‪.‬‬

‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﺐ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ :‬ﻟﻔﻈﺔﱡﭐ‪‬ﱠ]اﻟﺘﻜﻮﻳﺮ‪ [8:‬وﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺿﺒﻄﻬﺎ‪.‬‬

‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﺐ اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ‪ :‬اﻟﻮاو اﻟﺘﻲ ﺟﺎءت ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﻨﺎء واﻟﺠﻤﻊ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻫﻤﺰة‪ .‬ﻣﻀﻤﻮﻣﺔ ﺳﻮاء‬
‫ﺗﺤﺮك ﻣﺎ ﻗﺒﻠﻬﺎ أو ﺳﻜﻦ وﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺿﺒﻄﻬﺎ‪.‬‬

‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﺐ اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ‪ :‬اﻟﻮاو اﻟﻤﻀﻤﻮﻣﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺟﺎءت ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ واو ﺳﺎﻛﻨﺔ ﺟﺎﻣﺪة ﻟﻠﺠﻤﻊ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ أو ﻟﻠﺒﻨﺎء وﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺿﺒﻄﻬﺎ‪.‬‬

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‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎرات أﺑﻲ داود ﻓﻲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼـ ـ ـﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪:‬‬

‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﺐ اﻷول‪:‬ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺿﺒﻂ ﱡﭐ‪‬ﱠ]اﻹﺳﺮاء‪ [7:‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺮاءة ﻣﻦ ﻗﺮأ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﺎء ﻋﻠﻰ‬

‫اﻟﺠﻤﻊ)‪:(1‬‬
‫ﺳﺄﺑﲔ اﻻﺧﺘﻼف ﰲ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮ اﻟﻮاو اﶈﺬوﻓﺔ ﰲ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‪ ٬‬وﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺿﺒﻄﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﺮع اﻷول‪ :‬اﻻﺧﺘﻼف ﻓﻲ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮ اﻟﻮاو اﻟﻤﺤﺬوﻓﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫اﳌﺮﺳﻮم ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺮاءة ﻣﻦ ﻗﺮأ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﺎء ﻋﻠﻰ اﳉﻤﻊ‪ ٬‬ﺣﺬﻓﺖ ﻣﻦ رﲰﻪ إﺣﺪى اﻟﻮاوﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﱡ‪‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﻆ‬
‫اﻟﻠﺘﲔ اﳍﻤﺰة اﳌﻀﻤﻮﻣﺔ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪ ٬‬ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﳍﻤﺰة ﻏﲑ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﺔ ﳋﻔﺎﺋﻬﺎ وﻋﺪم ﺻﻮر ﺎ‪ ٬‬ﻓﺘﻜﻮن‬
‫اﶈﺬوﻓﺔ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻋﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﻀﺒﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺬﻫﺒﲔ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺬﻫﺐ اﻷول‪ :‬أن ﺗﻜﻮن اﶈﺬوﻓﺔ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻷوﱃ اﻟﱵ ﻫﻲ ﻋﲔ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ؛ إذ ﻫﻲ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺬﻫﺐ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬أن ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﱵ ﻫﻲ ﻋﻼﻣﺔ اﳉﻤﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺣﺮﻓﺎ زاﺋﺪا دﺧﻴﻼ‪ ٬‬وﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬
‫اﻷوﱃ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻨﺦ)‪ (2‬اﳊﺮف‪.‬‬
‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎر أﺑﻲ داود‪ :‬ﻗﺎل أﺑﻮ داود‪ :‬واﳌﺬﻫﺐ اﻷول أوﺟﻪ)‪.(3‬‬
‫ﺳﺒﺐ اﺧﺘﻴﺎر أﺑﻲ داود‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﻷن ﻣﻌﲎ اﳉﻤﻊ ﳜﺘﻞ ﺑﺴﻘﻮط ﻋﻼﻣﺘﻪ ودﻟﻴﻠﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﻷﻧﻪ اﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻟﺬي ارﺗﻀﺎﻩ ﺷﻴﺨﻪ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻗﺎل‪ :‬واﳌﺬﻫﺐ اﻷول أوﺟﻪ)‪.(4‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﺮع اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺿﺒﻂ ﱡ‪‬ﱠ]اﻹﺳﺮاء‪:[7:‬‬

‫اﻟﻮاﻗﻌﺔ ﰲ ﺳﻮرة اﻹﺳﺮاء ﻋﻠﻰ رأﻳﻴ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـﻦ‪:‬‬ ‫ﱡ‪‬ﱠ‬ ‫وﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺿﺒﻂ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ‬

‫اﻟﺮأي اﻷول‪ :‬ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺿﺒﻄﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺬﻫﺐ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺎر‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻰ وﺟﻬﻴ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـﻦ‪:‬‬

‫)‪ (1‬ﻗﺮأ ﻧﺎﻓﻊ‪ ٬‬واﺑﻦ ﻛﺜﲑ‪ ٬‬وأﺑﻮ ﻋﻤﺮو‪ ٬‬وأﺑﻮ ﺣﻔﺺ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺎﺻﻢ ﺑﻴﺎء ﻋﻠﻰ اﳉﻤﻊ ﻤﺰة ﺑﲔ واوﻳﻦ‪ ٬‬وﻗﺮأ ﻋﺎﺻﻢ ﰲ رواﻳﺔ أﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ‪ ٬‬واﺑﻦ‬
‫ﻋﺎﻣﺮ‪ ٬‬وﲪﺰة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻮاﺣﺪ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﺎء‪ ٬‬وﻗﺮأ اﻟﻜﺴﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻮن‪ .‬ﻳﻨﻈﺮ‪ :‬اﻟﺴﺒﻌﺔ ﰲ اﻟﻘﺮاءات‪ ٬‬اﺑﻦ ﳎﺎﻫﺪ‪ :‬ﲢﻘﻴﻖ‪ :‬ﺷﻮﻗﻲ ﺿﻴﻒ‪ ٬‬دار اﳌﻌﺎرف‪٬‬‬
‫ﻣﺼﺮ‪ ٬‬اﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮة‪) ٬‬د‪.‬ط(‪) ٬‬د‪.‬ت‪.‬ن(‪ ٬‬ص‪.378‬‬
‫)‪ (2‬اﻟﺴﻨﺦ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻞ ﺷﻲء‪ :‬اﻷﺻﻞ‪ ٬‬وأﺳﻨﺎ ‪ J‬اﻟﺜﻨﺎﻳﺎ واﻷﺳﻨﺎن‪ :‬أﺻﻮﳍﺎ‪ .‬ﻳﻨﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﺗﺎج اﻟﻌﺮوس ﻣﻦ ﺟﻮاﻫﺮ اﻟﻘﺎﻣﻮس‪ ٬‬ﳏﻤﺪ ﻣﺮﺗﻀﻰ‬
‫اﳊﺴﻴﲏ اﻟﺰﺑﻴﺪي‪ ٬‬ﲢﻘﻴﻖ‪ :‬ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﺴﻼم ﳏﻤﺪ ﻫﺎرون‪ ٬ ٬‬ﻣﻄﺒﻌﺔ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺔ اﻟﻜﻮﻳﺖ‪ ٬‬ط‪ ٬2‬ﺳﻨﺔ‪1415 :‬ه‪1994/‬م‪.274/7٬‬‬
‫)‪ (3‬أﺻﻮل اﻟﻀﺒﻂ وﻛﻴﻔﻴﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻬﺔ اﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎر‪ ٬‬أﺑﻮ داود ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎن ﺑﻦ ﳒﺎح‪ ٬‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪ ٬‬ص‪.197‬‬
‫)‪ (4‬اﶈﻜﻢ ﰲ ﻧﻘﻂ اﳌﺼﺎﺣﻒ‪ ٬‬ﻋﺜﻤﺎن ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ اﻟﺪاﱐ‪ ٬‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪ ٬‬ص‪.169‬‬
‫‪68‬‬
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‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎرات أﺑﻲ داود ﻓﻲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼـ ـ ـﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪:‬‬

‫اﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻷول‪ :‬ﺟﻌﻞ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺴﲔ ﻣﺘﺼﻼ ﺎ واو ﺑﺎﳊﻤﺮة‪ ٬‬وﲡﻌﻞ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻔﺮاء ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﺎ وﺑﲔ‬
‫اﻟﻮاو اﻟﺴﻮداء ﰲ اﳌﻄﺔ‪ ٬‬وﻻ ﺗﻘﻄﻊ اﳌﻄﺔ ﺎ‪ ٬‬وﺟﻌﻞ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ اﳍﻤﺰة ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺑﺎﳊﻤﺮاء أﻣﺎﻣﻬﺎ‪ ٬‬ﺑﲔ اﳍﻤﺰة واﻟﻮاو‬
‫اﻟﺴﻮداء‪ ٬‬ﻓﺘﻜﻮن اﳍﻤﺰة ﺑﲔ واوﻳﻦ‪ ٬‬اﻟﻮاﺣﺪة ﲪﺮاء واﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺳﻮداء‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬إن ﺷﺎء اﻟﻨﺎﻗﻂ ﱂ ﻳﺮﺳﻢ اﻟﻮاو اﳊﻤﺮاء وﺟﻌﻞ ﻣﻄﺔ ﻣﻜﺎ ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎرﻩ‪ :‬اﺧﺘﺎر اﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻷول إذ ﻗﺎل‪ :‬واﻷول أﺧﺘﺎر‪ ٬‬وﺑﻪ آﺧﺬ)‪.(1‬‬
‫اﻟﺮأي اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪:‬ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺿﺒﻄﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﻤﺬﻛﻮر اﻟﺬي ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ اﻟﻤﺤﺬوﻓﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺟﻌﻠﺖ اﳍﻤﺰة وﺣﺮﻛﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻮاو اﻟﺴﻮداء‪ ٬‬ورﲰﺖ واوا ﺑﺎﳊﻤﺮة أﻣﺎﻣﻬﺎ‪ ٬‬ﻓﺘﺤﺼﻞ أﻳﻀﺎ ﺑﲔ واوﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻟﻴﺘﺄدى اﳌﻌﲎ اﻟﺬي ﺟﺎءت ﻟﻪ‪.‬‬
‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎر أﺑﻲ داود‪ :‬ﻗﺎل أﺑﻮ داود‪ :‬واﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻷول أﺧﺘﺎر‪ ٬‬وﺑﻪ أﻧﻘﻂ‪ ٬‬وﻻ ﳚﻮز ﰲ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻟﺜﺎﱐ‬
‫اﺧﺘﺼﺎر اﻟﻮاو اﳊﻤﺮاء اﻟﺒﺘﺔ)‪.(2‬‬
‫ﺳﺒﺐ اﺧﺘﻴﺎرﻩ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻷن ﻋﻼﻣﺔ اﳌﺪ ﻻ ﺗﻘﻊ إﻻ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺮف ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﰲ اﻟﻠﻔﻆ واﳋﻂ ً‬

‫)‪ (1‬أﺻﻮل اﻟﻀﺒﻂ وﻛﻴﻔﻴﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻬﺔ اﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎر‪ ٬‬أﺑﻮ داود ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎن ﺑﻦ ﳒﺎح‪ ٬‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪ ٬‬ص‪.198‬‬
‫)‪ (2‬اﳌﺮﺟﻊ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪69‬‬
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‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎرات أﺑﻲ داود ﻓﻲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼـ ـ ـﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪:‬‬

‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﺐ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬ﻟﻔﻆ‪:‬ﭐﱡﭐ‪‬ﱠ]اﻷﺣﺰاب‪ ٬[51:‬وﱡ‪ ‬ﱠ]اﻟﻤﻌﺎرج‪ [13:‬وﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺿﺒﻄﻬﻤﺎ‪:‬‬
‫وذﻟﻚ ﺑﺘﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ رﺳﻢ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‪ ٬‬وﺿﺒﻄﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﭐﱡﭐ‪‬ﱠ]اﻷﺣﺰاب‪ ٬[51:‬وﱡﭐ‪ ‬ﱠ]اﻟﻤﻌﺎرج‪:[13:‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮع اﻷول‪ :‬ﻟﻔﻆ‪:‬‬

‫وﱡﭐ‪ ‬ﱠ ﺑﻮاو واﺣﺪة‪ ٬‬وﻫﻲ اﻟﻮاو اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ اﶈﺮﻛﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺴﺮ‪ :‬اﻟﱵ ﻫﻲ ﻋﲔ‬ ‫ﱡﭐ‪‬ﱠ‬ ‫ُرﲰﺖ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺘﺎن‪:‬‬

‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﻻ ﻏﲑ؛ ﻣﻦ أﺟﻞ أن اﻷوﱃ ﻫﻲ ﳘﺰة ﺳﺎﻛﻨﺔ وﻓﺎء ﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ‪ ٬‬وذﻟﻚ ﻟﻌﺪة ﻣﻌﺎن)‪:(1‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ اﻷول‪ :‬ﻟﺘﻘﺪﻣﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬ﺳﻜﻮ ﺎ وﲢﺮك اﻷﺧﺮى‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ :‬أ ﺎ ﻗﺪ ﺗﺴﺘﻐﲏ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺼﻮرة‪ ٬‬ﻷ ﺎ ﺣﺮف ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ اﺷﱰﻛﺖ ﻣﻊ اﳍﺎء‬
‫واﻷﻟﻒ ﰲ اﳌﺨﺮج‪ ٬‬وﳊﻘﺘﻬﺎ اﳊﺮﻛﺎت واﻟﺴﻜﻮن‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ‪ :‬أ ﺎ ﻗﺪ ﺗﺒﺪل واو ﺳﺎﻛﻨﺔ ﻷﺟﻞ ﺿﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﺎء ﻗﺒﻠﻬﺎ‪ ٬‬ﰒ ﺗﺪﻏﻢ ﰲ اﻟﻮاو اﻟﱵ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺘﻤﺎﺛﻞ‪ ٬‬ﻓﻴﻤﺘﻨﻊ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮﻫﺎ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‪ ٬‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﳝﺘﻨﻊ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ اﻷول ﻣﻦ اﳌﺘﻤﺎﺛﻠﲔ ﰲ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ واﺣﺪة إذا أدﻏﻢ ﰲ‬
‫اﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ‪ :‬ﺛﺒﻮت اﻟﻴﺎء اﻟﺴﺎﻛﻨﺔ ﰲ اﻟﻠﻔﻆ واﻟﺮﺳﻢ اﻟﱵ ﻻ ﺗﻠﻴﻬﺎ إﻻ ﻛﺴﺮة ﻻ ﻏﲑ‪ ٬‬وﻫﻲ ﻛﺴﺮة‬
‫اﻟﻮاو اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ اﳌﻜﺴﻮرة‪ ٬‬وأن اﻟﺴﺎﻗﻄﺔ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻮاو اﻷوﱃ اﻟﱵ ﻫﻲ ﳘﺰة ﺳﺎﻛﻨﺔ ﰲ ﺣﺎل اﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (1‬أﺻﻮل اﻟﻀﺒﻂ وﻛﻴﻔﻴﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻬﺔ اﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎر‪ ٬‬أﺑﻮ داود ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎن ﺑﻦ ﳒﺎح‪ ٬‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪ ٬‬ص‪.200 -199‬‬
‫‪70‬‬
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‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎرات أﺑﻲ داود ﻓﻲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼـ ـ ـﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪:‬‬

‫اﻟﻔﺮع اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺿﺒﻂ ﱡﭐ‪‬ﱠ]اﻷﺣﺰاب‪ ٬[51:‬وﱡﭐ‪ ‬ﱠ]اﻟﻤﻌﺎرج‪:[13:‬‬

‫اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺘﲔ‪:‬ﱠ وﱡﭐ‪ ‬ﱠ ﻋﻠﻰ وﺟﻬﲔ‪:‬‬

‫ﱡ‬ ‫ﺿﺒﻂ‬

‫اﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻷول‪ :‬ﺟﻌﻠﺖ اﳍﻤﺰة ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻔﺮاء‪ ٬‬وﻋﻼﻣﺔ اﻟﺴﻜﻮن ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﲔ اﻟﺘﺎء واﻟﻮاو اﻟﺴﻮداء ﰲ اﳌﻄﺔ‬
‫ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻌﺔ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻗﻠﻴﻼ؛ ﻟﺌﻼ ﺗﻘﻄﻊ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‪ ٬‬وﲡﻌﻞ ﲢﺖ اﻟﻮاو اﻟﺴﻮداء ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺑﺎﳊﻤﺮاء ﻋﻼﻣﺔ اﻟﻜﺴﺮة‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬إن ﺷﺎء اﻟﻨﺎﻗﻂ ﺟﻌﻞ ﻣﻜﺎن اﳍﻤﺰة واواً ﺑﺎﳊﻤﺮاء‪ ٬‬وﺟﻌﻞ اﳍﻤﺰة ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎر أﺑﻲ داود‪ :‬ﻗﺎل أﺑﻮ داود‪ :‬واﻷول أﺣﺴﻦ‪ ٬‬وﻫﺬا اﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻻ أﺳﺘﺠﻴﺰﻩ)‪.(1‬‬
‫ﺳﺒﺐ اﺧﺘﻴﺎرﻩ‪:‬‬
‫‪ .1‬اﺧﺘﺎر أﺑﻮ داود اﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻷول ﻟﻜﺮاﻫﺔ اﳉﻤﻊ ﺑﲔ واوﻳﻦ ﰲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .2‬ﻷن ﺷﻴﺨﻪ اﺳﺘﺤﺴﻦ ﻋﺪم رﺳﻢ اﻟﻮاو ﺣﻴﺚ ﻗﺎل‪ :‬وأﻻﱠ ﻳﺮﲰﻬﺎ أﺣﺴﻦ)‪.(2‬‬

‫)‪ (1‬أﺻﻮل اﻟﻀﺒﻂ وﻛﻴﻔﻴﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻬﺔ اﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎر‪ ٬‬أﺑﻮ داود ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎن ﺑﻦ ﳒﺎح‪ ٬‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪ ٬‬ص‪.201‬‬
‫)‪ (2‬اﶈﻜﻢ ﰲ ﻧﻘﻂ اﳌﺼﺎﺣﻒ‪ ٬‬ﻋﺜﻤﺎن ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ اﻟﺪاﱐ‪ ٬‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪ ٬‬ص‪.170‬‬
‫‪71‬‬
‫‪pdfMachine‬‬
‫!‪A pdf writer that produces quality PDF files with ease‬‬
‫‪Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original documents. Compatible across‬‬
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‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎرات أﺑﻲ داود ﻓﻲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼـ ـ ـﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪:‬‬

‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﺐ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ :‬ﻟﻔﻈﺔ ﱡﭐ‪‬ﱠ]اﻟﺘﻜﻮﻳﺮ‪ [8:‬وﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺿﺒﻄﻬﺎ‪:‬‬

‫اﺟﺘﻤﻌﺖ ﰲ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﱡ‪‬ﱠ واو ﺳﺎﻛﻨﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻓﺘﺢ‪ ٬‬وﳘﺰة ﻣﻀﻤﻮﻣﺔ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ واو ﺳﺎﻛﻨﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺿﻢ‪٬‬‬

‫وﺑﲔ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ وﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺿﺒﻄﻬﺎ وذﻟﻚ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‪:‬‬

‫ﻓﺤﻖ ﳍﺎ أن ﺗﻜﺘﺐ ﺑﻮاو واﺣﺪة‪ ٬‬ﱠ‬
‫ُ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺮع اﻷول‪ :‬ﻟﻔﻈﺔ ﭐﱡﭐ‪‬ﱠ]اﻟﺘﻜﻮﻳﺮ‪:[8:‬‬

‫اﻟﻮاو اﳌﺮﺳﻮﻣﺔ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﳛﺘﻤﻞ أن ﺗﻜﻮن ﻋﻠﻰ وﺟﻬﲔ‪:‬‬

‫اﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻷول‪ :‬أن ﺗﻜﻮن اﳌﺮﺳﻮﻣﺔ اﻟﻮاو اﻟﱵ ﻫﻲ ﻓﺎء اﻟﻔﻌﻞ‪ ٬‬واﶈﺬوﻓﺔ اﻟﻮاو اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬أن ﺗﻜﻮن اﳌﺮﺳﻮﻣﺔ اﻟﻮاو اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ ٬‬وﺗﻜﻮن اﶈﺬوﻓﺔ اﻷوﱃ‪.‬‬
‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎر أﺑﻲ داود‪ :‬ﻗﺎل‪ :‬واﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻷول أﻗﻴﺲ)‪.(1‬‬
‫ﺳﺒﺐ اﺧﺘﻴﺎرﻩ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬أن اﻟﻮاو اﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘﺔ ﻫﻲ اﻷوﱃ؛ ﻷ ﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‪ ٬‬وﻛﻮن اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ زاﺋﺪة‪ ٬‬واﻷﺻﻞ أوﱃ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻹﺛﺒﺎت‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬اﳍﻤﺰة اﻟﻮاﻗﻌﺔ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﺗﺪل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻮاو اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ إذا ﺣﺬﻓﺖ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺮﺳﻢ‪ ٬‬وﻻ ﺷﻲء ﰲ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﻳﺪل‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻮاو اﻷوﱃ إذا ﺣﺬﻓﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -3‬أن ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﺮب ﻣﻦ إذا ﺳﻬﻞ اﳍﻤﺰة ﰲ ذﻟﻚ أﺳﻘﻄﻬﺎ واﻟﻮاو اﻟﱵ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﻃﻠﺒﺎ ﻟﻠﺨﻔﺔ)‪.(2‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﺮع اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺿﺒﻂ ﻟﻔﻈﺔ ﱡﭐ‪‬ﱠ]اﻟﺘﻜﻮﻳﺮ‪:[8:‬‬

‫ﺿﺒﻂ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﱡ‪‬ﱠﻋﻠﻰ وﺟﻬﲔ‪:‬‬

‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻷول اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺎر‪ :‬ﺗﺮﺳﻢ واو ﺑﺎﳊﻤﺮة ﺑﻌﺪ اﳌﻴﻢ ﻣﺘﺼﻠﺔ ﺎ‪ ٬‬وﺟﻌﻞ اﳍﻤﺰة وﺿﻤﺘﻬﺎ أﻣﺎﻣﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻗﻠﻴﻼ ﻋﻠﻰ اﳌﻄﺔ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﺎ وﺑﲔ اﻟﻮاو اﻟﺴﻮداء‪ ٬‬ﻓﺘﺤﺼﻞ اﳍﻤﺰة ﺑﲔ واوﻳﻦ ﲪﺮاء وﺳﻮداء‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (1‬أﺻﻮل اﻟﻀﺒﻂ وﻛﻴﻔﻴﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻬﺔ اﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎر‪ ٬‬أﺑﻮ داود ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎن ﺑﻦ ﳒﺎح‪ ٬‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪ ٬‬ص‪.202‬‬
‫)‪ (2‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ اﻟﺘﺒﻴﲔ ﳍﺠﺎء اﻟﺘﻨﺰﻳﻞ‪ ٬‬أﺑﻮ داود ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎن ﺑﻦ ﳒﺎح‪ ٬‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪.1275/5 ٬‬‬
‫‪72‬‬
‫‪pdfMachine‬‬
‫!‪A pdf writer that produces quality PDF files with ease‬‬
‫‪Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original documents. Compatible across‬‬
‫‪nearly all Windows platforms, simply open the document you want to convert, click “print”, select the‬‬
‫!‪“Broadgun pdfMachine printer” and that’s it! Get yours now‬‬
‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎرات أﺑﻲ داود ﻓﻲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ‬ :‫اﻟﻔﺼـ ـ ـﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬

‫ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺿﻤﺔ اﳍﻤﺰة‬٬‫ إن ﺷﺎء اﻟﻨﺎﻗﻂ ﱂ ﻳﺮﺳﻢ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﻮاو‬:‫وﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺿﺒﻄﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬
.‫ وﺟﻌﻞ ﻣﻜﺎ ﺎ ﻣﻄﺔ ﺑﺎﳊﻤﺮاء‬٬‫داﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬

73
pdfMachine
A pdf writer that produces quality PDF files with ease!
Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original documents. Compatible across
nearly all Windows platforms, simply open the document you want to convert, click “print”, select the
“Broadgun pdfMachine printer” and that’s it! Get yours now!
‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎرات أﺑﻲ داود ﻓﻲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼـ ـ ـﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪:‬‬

‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﺐ اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ‪ :‬اﻟﻮاو اﻟﺘﻲ ﺟﺎءت ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﻨﺎء واﻟﺠﻤﻊ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻫﻤﺰة ﻣﻀﻤﻮﻣﺔ ﺳﻮاء‬
‫ﺗﺤﺮك ﻣﺎ ﻗﺒﻠﻬﺎ أو ﺳﻜﻦ وﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺿﺒﻄﻬﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﻛﻞ ﳘﺰة ﻣﻀﻤﻮﻣﺔ ﺟﺎءت ﻗﺒﻞ واو ﻣﺮﺳﻮﻣﺔ‪ ٬‬ﺳﻮاء ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻟﻠﺠﻤﻊ أو ﻟﻠﺒﻨﺎء وﺳﻮاء ﲢﺮك ﻣﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ‬
‫اﳍﻤﺰة أو ﺳﻜﻦ‪ ٬‬ﻓﺈن اﳌﺼﺎﺣﻒ اﺗﻔﻘﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺬف ﺻﻮرة اﳍﻤﺰة وذﻟﻚ ﰲ ﳓﻮ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪:‬ﭐﱡ‪‬ﱠ]اﻟﺒﻘﺮة‪ ٬[13:‬وﭐﱡﭐ‪‬ﱠ]ﺍﻷﻋﺭﺍﻑ‪ [17:‬وﺷﺒﻬﻪ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﺮع اﻷول‪ :‬اﻻﺧﺘﻼف ﻓﻲ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮ اﻟﻮاو اﻟﻤﺮﺳﻮﻣﺔ‪:‬‬
‫اﺧﺘﻠﻒ ﰲ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮ اﻟﻮاو اﳌﺮﺳﻮﻣﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻮﻟﲔ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﻘﻮل اﻷول‪ :‬أن ﺗﻜﻮن اﳌﺮﺳﻮﻣﺔ ﻫﻲ واو اﳉﻤﻊ‪ ٬‬وواو اﻟﺒﻨﺎء‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻘﻮل اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬ﺟﺎﺋﺰ أن ﺗﻜﻮن ﺻﻮرة اﳍﻤﺰة‪ ٬‬وﺗﻜﻮن اﶈﺬوﻓﺔ اﻟﱵ ﻫﻲ واو اﳉﻤﻊ‪ ٬‬وواو اﻟﺒﻨﺎء‪.‬‬
‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎر أﺑﻲ داود‪ :‬اﺧﺘﺎر أﺑﻮ داود اﻟﻘﻮل اﻷول ﺣﻴﺚ ﻗﺎل‪ :‬واﻷول أﻗﻴﺲ‪ ٬‬وﺑﻪ أﻧﻘﻂ)‪.(1‬‬
‫ﺳﺒﺐ اﺧﺘﻴﺎرﻩ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﻻﺳﺘﻐﻨﺎء اﳍﻤﺰة ﻋﻦ اﻟﺼﻮرة‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬اﺧﺘﻼل اﻟﻠﻔﻆ واﳌﻌﲎ ﲨﻴﻌﺎ ﲝﺬف ﻣﺎ ﻳﺪل ﻋﻠﻰ اﳉﻤﻊ أو ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺒﻨﺎء‪.‬‬
‫‪ -3‬ﻷﻧﻪ اﺧﺘﻴﺎر ﺷﻴﺨﻪ اﻟﺬي ﻗﺎل‪ :‬واﻷول أﻗﻴﺲ)‪.(2‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﺮع اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪:‬ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺿﺒﻂﱡ‪‬ﱠوﺷﺒﻬﻪ‪:‬‬
‫ﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﻨﻘﻂ وﺟﻬﺎن ﰲ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺿﺒﻂ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻀﺮب ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻷول‪ :‬ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺿﺒﻄﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺎر‪ :‬أن ﲡﻌﻞ اﳍﻤﺰة ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻔﺮاء ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻮاو‪ ٬‬وﰲ‬
‫أﻋﻠﻰ اﳌﻄﺔ‪ ٬‬وﺣﺮﻛﺘﻬﺎ أﻣﺎﻣﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﳍﻤﺰة‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺿﺒﻄﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻟﺬي ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﻮاو ﻓﻴﻪ ﺻﻮرة ﻟﻠﻬﻤﺰة‪ :‬ﺟﻌﻠﺖ اﳍﻤﺰة ﰲ‬
‫ﻧﻔﺲ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﻮاو اﻟﺴﻮداء‪ ٬‬وﻛﺘﺐ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ واوا ﺑﺎﳊﻤﺮة‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (1‬أﺻﻮل اﻟﻀﺒﻂ وﻛﻴﻔﻴﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻬﺔ اﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎر‪ ٬‬أﺑﻮ داود ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎن ﺑﻦ ﳒﺎح‪ ٬‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪ ٬‬ص‪.204‬‬
‫)‪ (2‬اﶈﻜﻢ ﰲ ﻧﻘﻂ اﳌﺼﺎﺣﻒ‪ ٬‬ﻋﺜﻤﺎن ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ اﻟﺪاﱐ‪ ٬‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪ ٬‬ص ‪.172‬‬
‫‪74‬‬
‫‪pdfMachine‬‬
‫!‪A pdf writer that produces quality PDF files with ease‬‬
‫‪Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original documents. Compatible across‬‬
‫‪nearly all Windows platforms, simply open the document you want to convert, click “print”, select the‬‬
‫!‪“Broadgun pdfMachine printer” and that’s it! Get yours now‬‬
‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎرات أﺑﻲ داود ﻓﻲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼـ ـ ـﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪:‬‬

‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎر أﺑﻲ داود‪ :‬ﻗﺎل أﺑﻮ داود‪ :‬واﻷول أﺧﺘﺎر‪ ٬‬وﺑﻪ أﻧﻘﻂ)‪.(1‬‬
‫ﺳﺒﺐ اﺧﺘﻴﺎر أﺑﻲ داود‪:‬‬
‫‪ .1‬ﻛﺮاﻫﺔ اﺟﺘﻤﺎع اﳌﺜﻠﲔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .2‬ﻷﻧﻪ اﺧﺘﻴﺎر ﺷﻴﺨﻪ اﻟﺬي ﻗﺎل‪ :‬ﺟﺎﺋﺰ أن ﲢﺬف واو اﳉﻤﻊ وواو اﻟﺒﻨﺎء‪ ٬‬وأن ﺗﺜﺒﺖ ﺻﻮرة اﳍﻤﺰة‪٬‬‬
‫واﻷول أﻗﻴﺲ)‪.(2‬‬
‫‪ .3‬ﻷن اﳍﻤﺰة ﻗﺪ ﺗﺴﺘﻐﲏ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺼﻮرة‪.‬‬
‫‪ .4‬ﻻﺧﺘﻼل اﻟﻠﻔﻆ واﳌﻌﲎ ﲨﻴﻌﺎ ﲝﺬف ﻣﺎ ﻳﺪل ﻋﻠﻰ اﳉﻤﻊ أو ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺒﻨﺎء‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﺼﺎﺣﻒ‪ :‬ﺟﺮى ﻋﻤﻞ اﳌﺼﺎﺣﻒ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﳌﺨﺘﺎر‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (1‬أﺻﻮل اﻟﻀﺒﻂ وﻛﻴﻔﻴﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻬﺔ اﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎر‪ ٬‬أﺑﻮ داود ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎن ﺑﻦ ﳒﺎح‪ ٬‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪ ٬‬ص‪.206‬‬
‫)‪ (2‬اﶈﻜﻢ ﰲ ﻧﻘﻂ اﳌﺼﺎﺣﻒ‪ ٬‬ﻋﺜﻤﺎن ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ اﻟﺪاﱐ‪ ٬‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪ ٬‬ص‪.172‬‬
‫‪75‬‬
‫‪pdfMachine‬‬
‫!‪A pdf writer that produces quality PDF files with ease‬‬
‫‪Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original documents. Compatible across‬‬
‫‪nearly all Windows platforms, simply open the document you want to convert, click “print”, select the‬‬
‫!‪“Broadgun pdfMachine printer” and that’s it! Get yours now‬‬
‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎرات أﺑﻲ داود ﻓﻲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼـ ـ ـﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪:‬‬

‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﺐ اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ‪ :‬اﻟﻮاو اﻟﻤﻀﻤﻮﻣﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺟﺎءت ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ واو ﺳﺎﻛﻨﺔ ﺟﺎﻣﺪة ﻟﻠﺠﻤﻊ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ أو ﻟﻠﺒﻨﺎء وﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺿﺒﻄﻬﺎ‪:‬‬
‫اﺟﺘﻤﻊ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻀﺮب ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت واوان؛ اﻷوﱃ ﻋﲔ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‪ ٬‬واﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ واو اﳉﻤﻊ‪ ٬‬وﻣﺎ‬
‫اﺟﺘﻤﻊ ﻓﻴﻪ واوان ﲝﻴﺚ ﺗﻜﻮن إﺣﺪاﳘﺎ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﺻﻮرة ﻟﻠﻬﻤﺰة ﻛﺜﲑ ﰲ اﻟﻘﺮآن اﻟﻜﺮﱘ‪ ٬‬ﺳﻮاء ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﻮاو‬
‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺠﻤﻊ‪ ٬‬أو ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻟﻠﺒﻨﺎء ﳓﻮ‪ :‬ﱡﭐ‪‬ﱠ]اﻟﻜﻬﻒ‪٬[16:‬ﭐ ﱡو‪ ‬ﱠ]اﻷﻋﺮاف‪ ٬[19:‬وﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﻪ ﻛﺎﻵﰐ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﺮع اﻷول‪ :‬اﻻﺧﺘﻼف ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮاو اﻟﻤﺤﺬوﻓﺔ‪:‬‬
‫اﺧﺘﻠﻒ ﻋﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﻀﺒﻂ ﰲ أي اﻟﻮاوﻳﻦ ﻫﻲ اﶈﺬوﻓﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻮﻟﲔ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﻘﻮل اﻷول‪ :‬أن ﺗﻜﻮن اﶈﺬوﻓﺔ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻮاو اﻷوﱃ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻘﻮل اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬أن ﺗﻜﻮن اﶈﺬوﻓﺔ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻮاو اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎر أﺑﻲ داود‪ :‬رﺟﺢ أﺑﻮ داود ﺣﺬف اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ورﺳﻢ اﻷوﱃ إذ ﻗﺎل‪ :‬اﻷوﺟﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻫﻨﺎ أن ﺗﻜﻮن‬
‫اﳌﺮﺳﻮﻣﺔ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻮاو اﻷوﱃ ﻟﺘﺤﺮﻛﻬﺎ‪ ٬‬واﶈﺬوﻓﺔ ﻟﻠﻮاو اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻟﺴﻜﻮ ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﺒﺐ اﺧﺘﻴﺎرﻩ‪:‬‬
‫‪ .1‬ﻟﻜﻮن اﳊﺮف اﻟﺴﺎﻛﻦ اﳉﺎﻣﺪ أوﱃ ﺑﺎﳊﺬف ﻣﻦ اﳌﺘﺤﺮك ﻟﺘﻮﻟﺪﻩ ﻣﻨﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .2‬ﻟﺪﻻﻟﺔ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ اﳌﺘﺤﺮك ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ٬‬ﻣﻊ ﻛﺮاﻫﺔ اﺟﺘﻤﺎع اﳌﺜﻠﲔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .3‬ﻷﻧﻪ اﺧﺘﻴﺎر ﺷﻴﺨﻪ إذ ﻗﺎل‪ :‬واﻷوﺟﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻫﻨﺎ أن ﺗﻜﻮن اﳌﺮﺳﻮﻣﺔ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻮاو اﻷوﱃ)‪.(1‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﺮع اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺿﺒﻂ اﻟﻮاو اﻟﻤﻀﻤﻮﻣﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺟﺎءت ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ واو ﺳﺎﻛﻨﺔ ﺟﺎﻣﺪة‪:‬‬
‫ﻟﻠﻨﺎﻗﻂ ﰲ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻀﺮب اﻟﺘﺨﻴﲑ ﺑﲔ أﻣﺮﻳﻦ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻷول‪ :‬إﳊﺎق واو ﺑﺎﳊﻤﺮاء ﺑﻌﺪ واو اﳉﻤﻊ وواو اﻟﺒﻨﺎء اﳌﻜﺘﻮﺑﺘﲔ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻮداء‪ ٬‬اﳌﺘﺤﺮﻛﺘﲔ ﺑﺎﻟﻀﻢ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬إﺳﻘﺎط اﻟﻮاو ﻟﺪﻻﻟﺔ ﺿﻤﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺒﻠﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ ٬‬وﰲ ﺟﻌﻞ ﻣﻄﺔ ﻣﻜﺎ ﺎ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (1‬اﶈﻜﻢ ﰲ ﻧﻘﻂ اﳌﺼﺎﺣﻒ‪ ٬‬ﻋﺜﻤﺎن ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ اﻟﺪاﱐ‪ ٬‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪ ٬‬ص‪.173‬‬
‫‪76‬‬
‫‪pdfMachine‬‬
‫!‪A pdf writer that produces quality PDF files with ease‬‬
‫‪Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original documents. Compatible across‬‬
‫‪nearly all Windows platforms, simply open the document you want to convert, click “print”, select the‬‬
‫!‪“Broadgun pdfMachine printer” and that’s it! Get yours now‬‬
 ‫اﻟﻤﺒﺤﺚ اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ‬

‫ وﻣﺎ ﻳﻮﺿﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺤﺮف اﻟﺰاﺋﺪ‬٬‫ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺿﺒﻂ ﻣﺎ زﻳﺪ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺠﺎﺋﻪ‬

.‫واﻟﻤﺨﻔﻒ‬

:‫وﻳﺸﺘﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻄﻠﺒﲔ‬

.‫ ﻣﺎ زﻳ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـﺪ ﻓﻲ رﺳﻤ ـ ـ ـ ـﻪ أﻟﻒ أو ﻳ ـ ـ ـ ـﺎء أو واو‬:‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠ ـﺐ اﻷول‬

‫ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺑﺎب اﻟﺪارات اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺠﻌﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺤﺮوف اﻟﺰاﺋﺪة‬:‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﺐ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬

.‫واﻟﺤﺮوف اﻟﻤﺨﻔﻔﺔ‬

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‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎرات أﺑﻲ داود ﻓﻲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼـ ـ ـﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪:‬‬

‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﺐ اﻷول‪ :‬ﻣﺎ زﻳﺪ ﻓﻲ رﺳﻤﻪ أﻟﻒ أو ﻳﺎء أو واو‪:‬‬

‫ﺑﻌﺾ اﳊﺮوف اﳍﺠﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﳏﺬوﻓﺔ ﰲ رﺳﻢ اﳌﺼﺤﻒ أﲨﻊ ﻋﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﻀﺒﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ زﻳﺎد ﺎ‪ ٬‬وﺗﺘﻤﺜﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ‬
‫اﳊﺮوف ﰲ‪ :‬اﻷﻟﻒ‪ ٬‬اﻟﻴﺎء‪ ٬‬واﻟﻮاو‪ ٬‬وﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺿﺒﻂ ﻫﺬﻩ اﻷﺣﺮف اﻟﺰاﺋﺪة ﻛﺎﻵﰐ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﺮع اﻷول‪ :‬ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺿﺒﻂ ﻣﺎ زﻳﺪت اﻷﻟﻒ ﻓﻲ رﺳﻤﻪ‪:‬‬
‫ﲢﺘﺎج اﻷﻟﻒ اﳌﺰﻳﺪة ﰲ اﻟﺮﺳﻢ إﱃ وﺿﻊ ﻋﻼﻣﺔ ﺗﺪل ﻋﻠﻰ زﻳﺎد ﺎ‪ ٬‬ﻟﺘﺒﲔ أ ﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻀﺒﻂ‪ ٬‬وﻫﻲ‬
‫ﲟﺜﺎﺑﺔ دارة ﺗﻮﺿﻊ ﻓﻮق اﳊﺮف اﳌﺰﻳﺪ‪ ٬‬وﺟﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﺑﻌﺾ اﳌﺸﺎرﻗﺔ ﻋﻼﻣﺔ )‪ (X‬وﻫﻮ وﺟﻪ ﺿﻌﻴﻒ)‪.(1‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت اﻟﱵ ﺗﺰاد ﻓﻴﻬﺎ اﻷﻟﻒ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻜﻮن ﻣﻘﱰﻧﺔ ﺑﺼﻮرة اﳍﻤﺰة‪ ٬‬وذﻟﻚ ﳓﻮ ﻗﻮﻟـﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪:‬‬
‫ﱡﭐ‪‬ﱠ]اﻟﻜﻬﻒ‪[24:‬‬

‫وﻗﺪ ﺗﺰاد اﻷﻟﻒ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻼم أﻟﻒ اﳌﻬﻤﻮزة‪ ٬‬وﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺿﺒﻂ ذﻟﻚ ﻛﺎﻵﰐ‪:‬‬
‫ﳓﻮ‪:‬ﱡﭐ‪‬ﱠ]اﻟﻜﻬﻒ‪[24:‬‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻮع اﻷول‪ :‬اﻟﻤﻮاﺿﻊ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺰاد ﻓﻴﻬﺎ اﻷﻟﻒ ﻣﻘﺘﺮﻧﺔ ﺑﺼﻮرة اﻟﻬﻤﺰة‪:‬‬

‫ﳌﻦ ﻛﺘﺐ ذﻟﻚ ﺑﺄﻟﻒ)‪ ٬(2‬وﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﻧﻘﻂ ذﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ وﺟﻬﲔ‪:‬‬ ‫ﭐ ﱡو‪‬ﱠ]اﻟﺰﻣﺮ‪ ٬[66:‬و ﱡﭐ‪‬ﱠ]اﻟﻔﺠﺮ‪[25:‬‬

‫اﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻷول‪ :‬أن ﲡﻌﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺸﲔ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺑﺎﳊﻤﺮة ﻋﻼﻣﺔ ﻟﻔﺘﺤﺘﻬﺎ‪ ٬‬وﲢﺖ اﳉﻴﻢ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻋﻼﻣﺔ ﻟﻜﺴﺮ ﺎ‪٬‬‬
‫وﲡﻌﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﻟﻒ ﻣﻦ ﱡﭐ‪‬ﱠ ﱡو‪‬ﱠدارة ﻋﻼﻣﺔ ﻟﺰﻳﺎد ﺎ‪ ٬‬وﲡﻌﻞ اﳍﻤﺰة ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻔﺮاء ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻴﺎء ﻓﻴﻬﻤﺎ‪٬‬‬
‫وﺣﺮﻛﺘﻬﺎ ﲢﺘﻬﺎ ﰲ اﳌﻜﺴﻮرة‪ ٬‬وﺗﺘﺒﻌﻬﺎ ﲝﺮﻛﺔ أﺧﺮى ﻋﻼﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻨﻮﻳﻦ ﰲ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﱡ‪‬ﱠ‪ ٬‬وﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﰲ‬
‫اﳌﻔﺘﻮح)‪.(3‬‬
‫اﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬إن ﺷﺎء اﻟﻨﺎﻗﻂ أن ﻳﺴﻘﻂ ﻫﺬﻩ اﻟﺪارة ﲣﻔﻴﻔﺎ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (1‬ﲰﲑ اﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ ﰲ رﺳﻢ وﺿﺒﻂ اﻟﻜﺘﺎب اﳌﺒﲔ‪ ٬‬ﻋﻠﻲ ﳏﻤﺪ اﻟﻀﺒﺎع‪ ٬‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪ ٬‬ص‪.215‬‬
‫)‪ (2‬ﻗﺎل أﺑﻮ داود‪ :‬ﻛﺘﺒﻮا ﺟﻲء ﲜﻴﻢ وﻳﺎء ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑ أﻟﻒ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪ ٬‬وﻻ ﺻﻮرة ﻟﻠﻬﻤﺰة‪ ٬‬ﻟﺴﻜﻮن اﻟﻴﺎء ﻗﺒﻠﻬﺎ‪ ٬‬وﰲ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﺑﺄﻟﻒ ﺑﲔ‬
‫اﳉﻴﻢ واﻟﻴﺎء‪ ٬‬واﺧﺘﻴﺎري ﺣﺬف اﻷﻟﻒ‪ .‬ﻳﻨﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ اﻟﺘﺒﻴﲔ ﳍﺠﺎء اﻟﺘﻨﺰﻳﻞ‪ ٬‬أﺑﻮ داود ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎن ﺑﻦ ﳒﺎح‪ ٬‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪.1295/5 ٬‬‬

‫)‪ (3‬وﻗﺪ زﻳﺪت اﻷﻟﻒ أﻳﻀﺎ ﰲ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﭐﱡﭐ‪‬ﱠ]اﳌﺎﺋﺪة‪ [31:‬وأﺧﻮا ﺎ‪ ٬‬وﺑﻌﺪ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﭐﱡﭐ‪‬ﱠ]ﻳﻮﺳﻒ‪ [85:‬وأﺧﻮا ﺎ‪ ٬‬وﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺿﺒﻄﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻛﻀﺒﻂ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻨﻮع‪ .‬ﻳﻨﻈﺮ‪ :‬أﺻﻮل اﻟﻀﺒﻂ وﻛﻴﻔﻴﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻬﺔ اﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎر‪ ٬‬أﺑﻮ داود ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎن ﺑﻦ ﳒﺎح‪ ٬‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪ ٬‬ص‪.223‬‬
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‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎرات أﺑﻲ داود ﻓﻲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼـ ـ ـﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪:‬‬

‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎر أﺑﻲ داود‪ :‬ﺗﺮك أﺑﻮ داود اﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎر ﻟﻠﻨﺎﻗﻂ ﰲ رﺳﻢ اﻟﺪارة ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺮف اﻷﻟﻒ اﻟﺰاﺋﺪ‪ ٬‬وﰲ‬
‫إﺳﻘﺎﻃﻬﺎ‪ ٬‬وﻟﻜﻨﻪ اﺳﺘﺤﺴﻦ ﺟﻌﻞ اﻟﺪارة ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﻘﺎل‪ :‬وﺟﻌﻠﻬﺎ أﺣﺴﻦ)‪.(1‬‬
‫ﺳﺒﺐ اﺧﺘﻴﺎرﻩ‪:‬‬
‫‪ .1‬ﻟﺘﺪل ﻋﻠﻰ أ ﺎ زاﺋﺪة ﰲ اﳋﻂ‪ ٬‬ﺳﺎﻗﻄﺔ ﰲ اﻟﻠﻔﻆ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .2‬ﳌﺸﺎرﻛﺘﻬﺎ ﻟﻮاو اﳉﻤﻊ ﰲ ﻟﺰوم اﻟﻄﺮف‪ ٬‬وواﻓﻘﺘﻬﺎ ﰲ اﻟﺼﻮرة‪ ٬‬ﺣﻴﺚ أﲨﻌﻮا ﻋﻠﻰ زﻳﺎدة اﻷﻟﻒ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ ٬‬ﻓﻠﺬﻟﻚ أﺟﺮى ﳍﺎ ﺣﻜﻤﻬﺎ ﰲ زﻳﺎدة اﻷﻟﻒ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ)‪.(2‬‬
‫اﻟﻨﻮع اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬اﻟﻤﻮاﺿﻊ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺰاد اﻷﻟﻒ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻼم أﻟﻒ اﻟﻤﻬﻤﻮزة‪ :‬ذﻛﺮ أﺑﻮ داود ﻣﻮاﺿﻊ‬
‫‪٬[158‬‬ ‫ﭐﱡ‪ ‬ﱠ]آل ﻋﻤﺮان‪:‬‬ ‫اﺧﺘﻠﻔﺖ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ اﳌﺼﺎﺣﻒ ﺑﲔ إﺛﺒﺎت اﻷﻟﻒ وﺣﺬﻓﻬﺎ‪ ٬‬وذﻟﻚ ﳓﻮ‪:‬‬

‫‪‬ﱠ]اﻟﺼﺎﻓﺎت‪ ٬[68:‬وﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﭐﱡﭐ‪‬ﱠ]اﻟﺘﻮﺑﺔ‪ ٬[47:‬ﻓﻘﺪ رﺳﻢ ﰲ ﺑﻌﺾ اﳌﺼﺎﺣﻒ‬ ‫و ﱡﭐ‪‬‬

‫ﺑﺄﻟﻒ‪ ٬‬وﰲ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ اﻵﺧﺮ ﺑﻐﲑ أﻟﻒ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻼم أﻟﻒ‪.‬‬

‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎر أﺑﻲ داود‪ :‬ﻗﺎل أﺑﻮ داود‪ :‬وأ ﱠن اﺧﺘﻴﺎرﻧﺎ ﻛﺘﺎب ذﻟﻚ ﺑﻐﲑ أﻟﻒ)‪.(3‬‬
‫ﺳﺒﺐ اﺧﺘﻴﺎرﻩ‪ :‬ﻻﺧﺘﻼف اﳌﺼﺎﺣﻒ ﻓﻴﻬﻦ‪.‬‬
‫*أﻣﺎ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ اﻟﻨﻤﻞﭐﱡﭐ‪ ‬ﱠ ]اﻟﻨﻤﻞ‪ ٬[21:‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﻛﺘﺒﻪ ﺑﺎﻷﻟﻒ ﺣﺴﺒﻤﺎ اﺟﺘﻤﻌﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ اﳌﺼﺎﺣﻒ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﺮع اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪:‬ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺿﺒﻂ ﻣﺎ زﻳﺪت اﻟﻴﺎء ﻓﻲ رﺳﻤﻪ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﻴﺎء اﻟﱵ ُﳛﺘﺎج إﱃ وﺿﻊ ﻋﻼﻣﺔ اﻟﺰﻳﺎدة ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ وﻗﻌﺖ ﰲ ﻧﻮﻋﲔ‪:‬‬
‫ﳓﻮ‪:‬ﭐﱡﭐ‪ ‬ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻮع اﻷول‪ :‬ﻣﺎ زﻳﺪت ﻓﻴﻪ اﻟﻴﺎء ﺑﻌﺪ ﻫﻤﺰة ﻣﻜﺴﻮرة ﻟﻢ ﻳﺘﻘﺪﻣﻬﺎ أﻟﻒ‪ :‬وذﻟﻚ ﰲ‬
‫]اﻷﻧﻌﺎم‪ ٬[34:‬ﱡﭐ‪‬ﱠ ]آل ﻋﻤﺮان‪.[144:‬‬

‫)‪ (1‬أﺻﻮل اﻟﻀﺒﻂ وﻛﻴﻔﻴﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻬﺔ اﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎر‪ ٬‬أﺑﻮ داود ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎن ﺑﻦ ﳒﺎح‪ ٬‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪ ٬‬ص‪.224‬‬
‫)‪ (2‬أوراق ﻏﲑ ﻣﻨﺸﻮرة ﻣﻦ ﻛﺘﺎب اﶈﻜﻢ‪ ٬‬ﻋﺜﻤﺎن ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ اﻟﺪاﱐ‪ ٬‬ﲢﻘﻴﻖ‪ :‬ﻏﺎﱎ ﻗﺪوري اﳊﻤﺪ‪ ٬‬ﻣﻄﺒﻌﺔ اﳌﺼﺤﻒ اﻟﺸﺮﻳﻒ‪ ٬‬دﻣﺸﻖ‪٬‬‬
‫ﺳﻮرﻳﺎ‪ ٬‬ط‪1433 ٬1‬ه‪2012/‬م‪ ٬‬ص‪.53‬‬
‫)‪ (3‬أﺻﻮل اﻟﻀﺒﻂ وﻛﻴﻔﻴﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻬﺔ اﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎر‪ ٬‬أﺑﻮ داود ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎن ﺑﻦ ﳒﺎح‪ ٬‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪ ٬‬ص‪.220‬‬
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‫‪pdfMachine‬‬
‫!‪A pdf writer that produces quality PDF files with ease‬‬
‫‪Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original documents. Compatible across‬‬
‫‪nearly all Windows platforms, simply open the document you want to convert, click “print”, select the‬‬
‫!‪“Broadgun pdfMachine printer” and that’s it! Get yours now‬‬
‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎرات أﺑﻲ داود ﻓﻲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼـ ـ ـﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪:‬‬

‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎر أﺑﻲ داود‪ :‬ﺻﺮح أﺑﻮ داود ﺑﺎﺧﺘﻴﺎرﻩ ﻓﻘﺎل‪ :‬اﻋﻠﻢ أن ﰲ ﺿﺒﻂ ﻫﺬﻩ اﻟﻴﺎء وﺷﺒﻬﻬﺎ ﺳﺘﺔ أوﺟﻪ‪٬‬‬
‫ﻗﺪ ذﻛﺮ ﺎ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﺸﺮوﺣﺔ ﻣﺒﻴﻨﺔ ﰲ اﻟﻜﺘﺎب اﻟﻜﺒﲑ)‪ ٬(1‬وأﻧﺎ أذﻛﺮ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻫﻨﺎ وﺟﻬﺎ واﺣﺪا ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ وﻫﻮ‪:‬‬
‫أن ﲡﻌﻞ اﳍﻤﺰة ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻔﺮة ﲢﺖ اﻷﻟﻒ‪ ٬‬وﺣﺮﻛﺘﻬﺎ ﲢﺘﻬﺎ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺑﺎﳊﻤﺮة‪ ٬‬وﲡﻌﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻴﺎء دارة‪ ٬‬ﻋﻼﻣﺔ‬
‫ﻟﺰﻳﺎد ﺎ‪ ٬‬وﻋﺪم وﺟﻮدﻫﺎ ﰲ اﻟﻠﻔﻆ)‪.(2‬‬
‫ﺳﺒﺐ اﺧﺘﻴﺎرﻩ‪:‬‬
‫‪ .1‬أ ﱠن اﻟﻴﺎء زﻳﺪت ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻬﻤﺰة‪.‬‬
‫‪ .2‬أ ﺎ دﻻﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ إﺷﺒﺎع ﺣﺮﻛﺘﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﺼﺎﺣﻒ‪ :‬ﺟﺮى اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﰲ ﻧﻘﻂ اﳌﺼﺎﺣﻒ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﳌﺨﺘﺎر‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻨﻮع اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ زﻳﺪت ﻓﻴﻪ اﻟﻴﺎء ﺑﻌﺪ ﻳﺎء ﺳﺎﻛﻨﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﱠ]اﻟﻘﻠﻢ‪ ٬[6:‬وﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫وﱡﭐ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﳌﺨﺘﺎر‪٬‬‬ ‫ﳘﺎ‪ :‬ﱡﭐ‪ ‬ﱠ ]اﻟﺬارﻳﺎت‪[47:‬‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻊ ﰲ ﻛﻠﻤﺘﲔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﺮآن اﳊﻜﻴﻢ‬
‫ﺿﺒﻄﻬﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ وﺟﻬﲔ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻷول‪ :‬أن ﲡﻌﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻞ واﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻷﻟﻔﲔ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻔﺮاء‪ ٬‬وﺣﺮﻛﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺑﺎﳊﻤﺮاء‪٬‬‬
‫وﲡﻌﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻴﺎء اﻷوﱃ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻴﺎءﻳﻦ ﺟﺮة)‪ (3‬ﻋﻼﻣﺔ اﻟﺴﻜﻮن‪ ٬‬وﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻴﺎء اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ دارة ﻋﻼﻣﺔ ﻟﺰﻳﺎد ﺎ‪٬‬‬
‫وﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﱵ ﰲ اﻟﻘﻠﻢ ﻋﻼﻣﺔ اﻟﺘﺸﺪﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬أن ﲡﻌﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻴﺎءﻳﻦ اﻷوﻟﲔ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺑﺎﳊﻤﺮاء ﻋﻼﻣﺔ ﻟﺘﻠﻴﲔ اﳍﻤﺰة‪ ٬‬ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺟﺎز أن‬
‫ﺗﻜﻮن اﻷﻟﻒ ﻋﻼﻣﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻘﻬﺎ‪ ٬‬واﻟﻴﺎء ﻋﻼﻣﺔ ﻟﺘﺴﻬﻴﻠﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎر أﺑﻲ داود‪ :‬ﻗﺎل أﺑﻮ داود‪ :‬واﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻷول أﺧﺘﺎر‪ ٬‬وﺑﻪ أﻧﻘﻂ)‪.(4‬‬

‫)‪ (1‬ﻳﻨﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ اﻟﺘﺒﻴﲔ ﳍﺠﺎء اﻟﺘﻨﺰﻳﻞ‪ ٬‬أﺑﻮ داود ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎن ﺑﻦ ﳒﺎح‪ ٬‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪.371 -370/2 ٬‬‬
‫)‪ (2‬أﺻﻮل اﻟﻀﺒﻂ وﻛﻴﻔﻴﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻬﺔ اﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎر‪ ٬‬أﺑﻮ داود ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎن ﺑﻦ ﳒﺎح‪ ٬‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪.226-225 ٬‬‬
‫)‪ (3‬ﺟﻌﻠﻮا اﳉﺮة ﻫﻨﺎ ﻋﻼﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺴﻜﻮن دون اﻟﺪارة‪ ٬‬ﳐﺎﻓﺔ اﻻﻟﺘﺒﺎس ﺑﲔ اﻟﺰاﺋﺪ واﻷﺻﻠﻲ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻴﺎءﻳﻦ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (4‬اﳌﺮﺟﻊ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‪ ٬‬ص‪.229‬‬
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‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎرات أﺑﻲ داود ﻓﻲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼـ ـ ـﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪:‬‬

‫ﺳﺒﺐ اﺧﺘﻴﺎر أﺑﻲ داود‪:‬‬

‫‪ .1‬ﻣﺮاﻋﺎة اﻷﺻﻞ؛ أي ﻟﻠﺘﻔﺮﻳﻖ ﺑﲔ اﻟﻴﺪ اﻟﺬي ﻫﻮ اﻟﻘﻮة‪ ٬‬وداﻟﺔ ﻻم اﻷﻳﺪي اﻟﱵ ﻫﻲ ﲨﻊ ﻳﺪ‪٬‬‬
‫وداﳍﺎ ﻋﲔ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﱡ ﱠ‪ ٬‬وﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﱡﭐ ﱠ وﺿﻊ اﻟﺘﺸﺪﻳﺪ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻴﺎء اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ ٬‬إﺷﺎرة إﱃ‬
‫أﺻﻞ اﻹدﻏﺎم‪.‬‬
‫‪ .2‬ﻷن ﺷﻴﺨﻪ اﺳﺘﺤﺴﻦ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻮﺟﻪ‪ ٬‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻗﺎل‪ :‬وﻫﺬا اﻟﻮﺟﻪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻐﺎﻣﺾ اﻟﻠﻄﻴﻒ اﳊﺴﻦ)‪.(1‬‬
‫اﻋﱰض ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺸﻴﺨﲔ ﻓﻘﻴﻞ‪ :‬أن اﻷﻣﺮ ﻣﺒﲏ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻘﺮاءﺗﲔ‪ ٬‬ﻓﺈذا ﻗﺮأت ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺟﻌﻠﺖ‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ُِ‬
‫اﻟﺼﻔﺮاء ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﻟﻒ‪ ٬‬وﺗﱰك اﻟﻴﺎء ﻋﺎرﻳﺔ‪ ٬‬وإن ﻗﺮأت ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺴﻬﻴﻞ ﺟﻌﻠﺖ اﳊﻤﺮاء ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻴﺎء‪٬‬‬
‫وﺗﱰك اﻷﻟﻒ ﻋﺎرﻳﺔ)‪.(2‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﺮع اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪:‬ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺿﺒﻂ ﻣﺎ زﻳﺪت اﻟﻮاو ﻓﻲ رﺳﻤﻪ‪ ٬‬وﻗﺒﻞ ﻫﻤﺰﺗﻪ أﻟﻒ‪:‬‬
‫وﻧﻈﺎﺋﺮﻫﺎ وﻣﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﳘﺰﺗﻪ أﻟﻒ‪ ٬‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﻛﺘﺐ ﰲ اﳌﺼﺎﺣﻒ ﺑﻮاو وأﻟﻒ‬ ‫ﱡﭐ ﱠ ]اﳌﺎﺋﺪة‪[33:‬‬ ‫وذﻟﻚ ﰲ ﳓﻮ‪:‬‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ‪ ٬‬وﺣﺬﻓﻬﻢ اﻷﻟﻒ ﻗﺒﻠﻬﺎ‪ ٬‬واﺣﺘﻤﺎل زﻳﺎدة اﻟﻮاو ﻋﻠﻠﻮﻩ ﺑﺴﺘﺔ أوﺟﻪ‪:‬‬
‫أﺣﺪﻫﺎ‪ :‬أن ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﻮاو ﺻﻮرة ﻟﻠﺤﺮﻛﺔ‪.‬‬
‫واﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬أن ﺗﻜﻮن اﳊﺮﻛﺔ ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫واﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ :‬أن ﺗﻜﻮن ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎ ﻟﻠﻬﻤﺰة‪.‬‬
‫واﻟﺮاﺑﻊ‪ :‬أن ﺗﻜﻮن ﻋﻼﻣﺔ ﻹﺷﺒﺎع ﺣﺮﻛﺘﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺣﺎل اﻟﻮﺻﻞ‪.‬‬
‫واﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ‪ :‬أن ﺗﻜﻮن ﺻﻮرة ﻟﻠﻬﻤﺰة ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺮاد ﻓﺼﻞ اﳍﻤﺰة ﳑﺎ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﻼم‪ ٬‬ﻓﺘﻜﻮن ﻛﺎﳌﺘﺼﻠﺔ ﰲ‬
‫اﻟﻠﻔﻆ وإن ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﻨﻔﺼﻠﺔ ﰲ اﳋﻂ؛ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ أرﻳﺪ ﺎ اﻟﻮﺻﻞ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﻩ اﳋﻤﺴﺔ اﻷوﺟﻪ ﺗﻜﻮن اﻷﻟﻒ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ زاﺋﺪة ﳌﻌﻨﻴﲔ‪ :‬إﻣﺎ ﻟﺸﺒﻪ اﻟﻮاو ﺑﻮاو اﳉﻤﻊ اﻟﱵ ﺗﻠﺤﻖ‬
‫اﻷﻟﻒ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﳓﻮ‪ :‬ﻇﻠﻤﻮا‪ ٬‬ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ وﻗﻌﺖ ﻃﺮﻓﺎ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ ٬‬وإﻣﺎ ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻬﻤﺰة وﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎ ﳍﺎ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (1‬أوراق ﻏﲑ ﻣﻨﺸﻮرة ﻣﻦ ﻛﺘﺎب اﶈﻜﻢ‪ ٬‬ﻋﺜﻤﺎن ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ اﻟﺪاﱐ‪ ٬‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪ ٬‬ص‪.65‬‬
‫)‪ (2‬اﻟﻄﺮاز ﰲ ﺷﺮح ﺿﺒﻂ اﳋﺮاز‪ ٬‬ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲ اﻟﺘﻨﺴﻲ‪ ٬‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪ ٬‬ص‪.404‬‬
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‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎرات أﺑﻲ داود ﻓﻲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼـ ـ ـﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪:‬‬

‫واﻟﺴﺎدس‪ :‬أن اﻟﻮاو واﻷﻟﻒ ﻣﻌﺎ ﺻﻮرﺗﺎن ﻟﻠﻬﻤﺰة‪ ٬‬اﻟﻮاو ﺻﻮر ﻟﻠﻮﺻﻞ‪ ٬‬واﻷﻟﻒ ﺻﻮرة ﻟﻠﻮﻗﻒ‪ ٬‬ﲪﻼ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﻻ أﻟﻒ ﻗﺒﻞ ﳘﺰﺗﻪ)‪.(1‬‬
‫ﻓﺈذا ﻧﻘﻂ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻀﺮب ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷرﺑﻌﺔ اﻷوﺟﻪ اﻷوﱃ اﳌﺘﻘﺪﻣﺔ‪ ٬‬أﳊﻖ أﻟﻒ ﺑﺎﳊﻤﺮة ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻮاو‪ ٬‬وﺟﻌﻠﺖ‬
‫اﳍﻤﺰة ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻔﺮة ﺑﻴﻨﻬﺎ وﺑﲔ اﻟﻮاو‪ ٬‬وﺟﻌﻠﺖ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺑﺎﳊﻤﺮاء ﰲ اﻟﻮاو ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ إذا ﺟﻌﻠﺖ اﻟﻮاو ﺻﻮرة‬
‫ﺑﺎﳍﻤﺰة‪ ٬‬وﻋﺮﻳﺖ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ إذا ﺟﻌﻠﺖ اﻟﻮاو ﺣﺮﻛﺔ ﻟﻠﻬﻤﺰة‪ ٬‬وﺟﻌﻠﺖ ﺑﲔ اﳍﻤﺰة واﻟﻮاو إذا ﺟﻌﻠﺖ اﻟﻮاو ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺔ‬
‫ﳍﺎ أو ﻋﻼﻣﺔ ﻹﺷﺒﺎع ﺗﻠﻚ اﳊﺮﻛﺔ‪ ٬‬وﺟﻌﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻮاو واﻷﻟﻒ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ دارة ﺻﻐﺮى؛ ﻋﻼﻣﺔ ﻟﺰﻳﺎد ﺎ ﰲ‬
‫اﳋﻂ واﻟﻠﻔﻆ)‪.(2‬‬
‫وﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬أن ﺗﻌﺮى اﳍﻤﺰة واﻟﻮاو ﻣﻦ اﳊﺮﻛﺔ؛ إذ اﻟﻮاو ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ ﻫﻲ اﳊﺮﻛﺔ ﻓﺘﺠﻌﻞ أﻳﻀﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﻟﻒ اﻷﺧﲑة دارة؛ ﻋﻼﻣﺔ ﻟﺰﻳﺎد ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫وﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ أو اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﺗﺜﺒﺖ أﻟﻒ ﺑﺎﳊﻤﺮة ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻮاو‪ ٬‬وﲡﻌﻞ اﳍﻤﺰة ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﰲ اﻟﺴﻄﺮ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻔﺮاء وﺣﺮﻛﺘﻬﺎ أﻣﺎﻣﻬﺎ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺑﺎﳊﻤﺮة ﰲ اﻟﺴﻄﺮ أﻳﻀﺎ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﺎ وﺑﲔ اﻟﻮاو‪ ٬‬وﲡﻌﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻮاو دارة‬
‫ﺑﺎﳊﻤﺮة‪ ٬‬وأﺧﺮى ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﻟﻒ اﻟﱵ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ؛ ﻋﻼﻣﺔ ﻟﺰﻳﺎد ﺎ ﻣﻌﺎ‪.‬‬
‫وإذا ﻧﻘﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻮﺟﻬﲔ اﻷﺧﲑﻳﻦ ﻣﻦ اﻷوﺟﻪ اﻟﺴﺘﺔ اﳌﺬﻛﻮرة ﺳﺎﺑﻘﺎ‪ ٬‬ﺟﻌﻠﺖ اﳍﻤﺰة ﰲ اﻟﻮاو‬
‫ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ‪ ٬‬وﺣﺮﻛﺘﻬﺎ أﻣﺎﻣﻬﺎ‪ ٬‬وﺟﻌﻠﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﻟﻒ ﰲ اﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻷول ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪ ٬‬وﻫﻮ اﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﳋﺎﻣﺲ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﺘﺔ‬
‫دارة ﻋﻼﻣﺔ ﻟﺰﻳﺎد ﺎ‪ ٬‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻓﻌﻞ ﰲ اﻷرﺑﻌﺔ اﻷوﺟﻪ اﳌﺘﻘﺪﻣﺔ‪ ٬‬وﻋﺮﻳﺖ اﻷﻟﻒ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﺪارة ﰲ اﻟﻮﺟﻪ‬
‫اﻵﺧﺮ‪ ٬‬ﻷ ﺎ داﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻌﲎ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺮ ﰲ اﻟﻨﻄﻖ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﰲ اﻟﻠﻔﻆ‪ ٬‬وﻫﻮ اﻟﻮﻗﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ اﳍﻤﺰة اﻟﱵ ﲢﻘﻖ ﻓﻴﻪ‬
‫أو ﺗﻘﻠﺐ أﻟﻔﺎ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (1‬أﺻﻮل اﻟﻀﺒﻂ وﻛﻴﻔﻴﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻬﺔ اﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎر‪ ٬‬أﺑﻮ داود ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎن ﺑﻦ ﳒﺎح‪ ٬‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪ ٬‬ص‪.238-237‬‬
‫)‪ (2‬اﳌﺮﺟﻊ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‪ ٬‬ص‪.239‬‬
‫‪82‬‬
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‫!‪A pdf writer that produces quality PDF files with ease‬‬
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‫‪nearly all Windows platforms, simply open the document you want to convert, click “print”, select the‬‬
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‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎرات أﺑﻲ داود ﻓﻲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼـ ـ ـﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪:‬‬

‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎر أﺑﻲ داود‪ :‬ﻗﺎل أﺑﻮ داود‪ :‬و ﺬﻳﻦ اﻟﻮﺟﻬﲔ اﻷﺧﲑﻳﻦ ﻣﻦ اﻷوﺟﻪ اﻟﺴﺘﺔ أﻧﻘﻂ‪ ٬‬وإﻳﺎﳘﺎ أﺧﺘﺎر‪٬‬‬
‫وﻋﻠﻴﻬﻤﺎ أﻋﺘﻤﺪ‪ ٬‬ﻓﻠﻴﻨﻘﻂ اﻟﻨﺎﻗﻂ ﺑﺄي وﺟﻪ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ أﺣﺐ ﺑﻌﺪ أن ﻳﻌﻠﻢ اﻟﺴﺘﺔ‪ ٬‬وﻫﻮ ﰲ ﺳﻌﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎر‬
‫ﻓﻴﻬﻤﺎ‪ ٬‬وﰲ ﻏﲑﳘﺎ)‪.(1‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﺼﺎﺣﻒ‪ :‬ﺟﺮى اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻷول ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﲜﻌﻞ اﳍﻤﺰة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻮاو ﺻﻮرة ﳍﺎ‪ ٬‬ودارة ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫اﻷﻟﻒ ﻋﻼﻣﺔ ﻟﺰﻳﺎد ﺎ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (1‬أﺻﻮل اﻟﻀﺒﻂ وﻛﻴﻔﻴﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻬﺔ اﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎر‪ ٬‬أﺑﻮ داود ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎن ﺑﻦ ﳒﺎح‪ ٬‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪ ٬ ٬‬ص‪.242‬‬
‫‪83‬‬
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‫!‪A pdf writer that produces quality PDF files with ease‬‬
‫‪Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original documents. Compatible across‬‬
‫‪nearly all Windows platforms, simply open the document you want to convert, click “print”, select the‬‬
‫!‪“Broadgun pdfMachine printer” and that’s it! Get yours now‬‬
‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎرات أﺑﻲ داود ﻓﻲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼـ ـ ـﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪:‬‬

‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﺐ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺑﺎب اﻟﺪارات اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺠﻌﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺤﺮوف اﻟﺰاﺋﺪة واﻟﺤﺮوف‬
‫اﻟﻤﺨﻔﻔﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﱠ]ﻳﻮﺳﻒ‪[87:‬‬ ‫ﱡ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ زﻳﺪ ﰲ رﲰﻪ أﻟﻒ أو واو أو ﻳﺎء‪ ٬‬وﺳﻘﻂ ﰲ اﻟﻠﻔﻆ‪ ٬‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﻛﻠﻤـﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﱡﭐ ﱠ]اﻷﻧﻌﺎم‪ [34:‬وﻏﲑﳘﺎ‪ ٬‬ﻓﻔﻲ ﺿﺒﻄﻪ ﻗﻮﻻن‪:‬‬ ‫وﻛﻠﻤﺔ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﻘﻮل اﻷول‪ :‬ﺟﺮى اﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﻧﻘﺎط ﺳﻠﻒ أﻫﻞ اﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻗﺪﳝﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻌﻞ دارة ﺻﻐﺮى ﺑﺎﳊﻤﺮة ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫اﳊﺮوف اﻟﺰواﺋﺪ ﰲ اﳋﻂ‪ ٬‬اﳌﻌﺪوﻣﺔ ﰲ اﻟﻠﻔﻆ‪ ٬‬وﻋﻠﻰ اﳊﺮوف اﳌﺨﻔﻔﺔ ﺑﺎﺗﻔﺎق واﺧﺘﻼف؛ ﻋﻼﻣﺔ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬
‫ودﻻﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ اﻟﻨﻄﻖ ﺑﻪ‪ ٬‬وﺗﺎﺑﻌﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ذﻟﻚ أﻫﻞ اﻷﻧﺪﻟﺲ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻘﻮل اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬أن ﺑﻌﺾ اﳌﺘﻘﺪﻣﲔ ﻻ ﳚﻌﻠﻮن اﻟﺪارة إﻻ ﻋﻠﻰ اﳊﺮوف اﻟﺰواﺋﺪ ﻻ ﻏﲑ‪ ٬‬ﻟﻌﺪﻣﻬﺎ ﰲ اﻟﻨﻄﻖ‬
‫وﻻ ﳚﻌﻠﻮ ﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﳊﺮوف اﳌﺨﻔﻔﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻛﺎن ﻋﺪﻣﻬﺎ ﺑﲔ ﻋﻼﻣﺔ اﻟﺘﺸﺪﻳﺪ دﻟﻴﻼ ﻋﻠﻰ ﲣﻔﻴﻔﻬﺎ‪ ٬‬ﻓﻼ‬
‫ﳛﺘﺎج ﺑﺬﻟﻚ إﱃ ﻋﻼﻣﺔ أﺧﺮى‪.‬‬
‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎر أﺑﻲ داود‪:‬‬
‫ﺗﺮك أﺑﻮ داود اﻟﺘﺨﻴﲑ ﻟﻠﻨﺎﻗﻂ ﺑﲔ ﺟﻌﻞ اﻟﺪارة ﻋﻠﻰ اﳊﺮوف اﻟﺰواﺋﺪ ﰲ اﳋﻂ‪ ٬‬اﳌﻌﺪوﻣﺔ ﰲ اﻟﻠﻔﻆ‬
‫وﻋﻠﻰ اﳊﺮوف اﳌﺨﻔﻔﺔ‪ ٬‬ﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﻣﺎل ﻟﻠﻘﻮل اﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻗﺎل‪ :‬وﻫﺬا أﻳﻀﺎ وﺟﻪ ﺣﺴﻦ أﻣﻴﻞ إﻟﻴﻪ ﳋﻔﺘﻪ‬
‫وأﺧﲑ اﻟﻨﺎﻗﻂ ﻓﻴﻪ ﳉﻮازﻩ)‪.(1‬‬
‫أﻣﺎ اﻟﺪاﱐ ﻓﻘﺪ اﺧﺘﺎر اﻟﻘﻮل اﻷول إذ ﻗﺎل‪ :‬وﻫﻮ ﻣﺬﻫﺐ ﺣﺴﻦ‪ ٬‬ﻏﲑ أﱐ ﺑﻘﻮل أﻫﻞ اﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ أﻗﻮل‬
‫وﲟﺎ ﺟﺮى ﻋﻠﻴﻪ اﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﳍﻢ أﻧﻘﻂ)‪.(2‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﺼﺎﺣﻒ‪ :‬ﺟﺮى ﻋﻤﻞ اﳌﺘﺄﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﰲ ﺿﺒﻂ اﳌﺼﺎﺣﻒ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮل اﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻃﻠﺒﺎ ﻟﻼﺧﺘﺼﺎر)‪.(3‬‬

‫)‪ (1‬أﺻﻮل اﻟﻀﺒﻂ وﻛﻴﻔﻴﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻬﺔ اﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎر‪ ٬‬أﺑﻮ داود ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎن ﺑﻦ ﳒﺎح‪ ٬‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪ ٬‬ص‪.251-250‬‬
‫)‪ (2‬اﶈﻜﻢ ﰲ ﻧﻘﻂ اﳌﺼﺎﺣﻒ‪ ٬‬ﻋﺜﻤﺎن ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ اﻟﺪاﱐ‪ ٬‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪ ٬‬ص‪.195‬‬
‫)‪ (3‬اﻟﻄﺮاز ﰲ ﺷﺮح ﺿﺒﻂ اﳋﺮاز‪ ٬‬ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲ اﻟﺘﻨﺴﻲ‪ ٬‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪ ٬‬ص‪.224‬‬
‫‪84‬‬
‫‪pdfMachine‬‬
‫!‪A pdf writer that produces quality PDF files with ease‬‬
‫‪Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original documents. Compatible across‬‬
‫‪nearly all Windows platforms, simply open the document you want to convert, click “print”, select the‬‬
‫!‪“Broadgun pdfMachine printer” and that’s it! Get yours now‬‬
 pdfMachine
A pdf writer that produces quality PDF files with ease!
Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original documents. Compatible across
nearly all Windows platforms, simply open the document you want to convert, click “print”, select the
“Broadgun pdfMachine printer” and that’s it! Get yours now!
 ‫اﻟﺨﺎﺗﻤ ـ ـ ـﺔ‬

‫اﳊﻤﺪ ﷲ اﻟﺬي أودع ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ أﺳﺮار اﻟﺒﻴﺎن‪ ٬‬وﺟﻌﻠﻪ َﻋﻠﻤﺎً ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻌﺎﱂ اﳍﺪى‪ ٬‬ورﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﺧﺎﻟﺪة‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ َﻣﱢﺮ اﻟﺰﻣﺎن‪ ٬‬وﲢﺪى ﺑﻪ اﻟﻨﺎس ﻋﻠﻰ اﺧﺘﻼف ﻣﻠﻜﺎ ﻢ وﺗﻌﺪد ﻗﺪرا ﻢ ﻟﺘﻈﻞ آﻳﺎﺗﻪ اﳋﺎﻟﺪة وﻫﺪاﻩ‬
‫اﶈﻜﻢ اﻟﺬي ﻻ ﻳﺄﺗﻪ اﻟﺒﺎﻃﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺑﲔ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ وﻻ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻠﻔﻪ ﺗﻨﺰﻳﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻜﻴﻢ ﲪﻴﺪ‪ ٬‬واﻟﺼﻼة واﻟﺴﻼم ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺧﲑ اﻷﻧﺎم وﻋﻠﻰ آﻟﻪ وﺻﺤﺒﻪ اﻟﻜﺮام وﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ اﻗﺘﻔﻰ أﺛﺮﻩ واﻫﺘﺪى ﺑﺴﻨﺘﻪ إﱃ ﻳﻮم اﻟﺪﻳﻦ‪.‬‬
‫أﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ‪:‬‬
‫ﻓﺒﻌﺪ ﻫﺬﻩ اﳉﻮﻟﺔ ﻣﻊ اﺧﺘﻴﺎرات اﻹﻣﺎم ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ‪ ٬‬ﻓﺈﱐ أﺳﺠﻞ أﺑﺮز ﻣﺎ ﺗﻮﺻﻠﺖ إﻟﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ وﺗﻮﺻﻴﺎت‪.‬‬
‫أوﻻ‪ :‬اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـﺞ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ‬أ ﱠن اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻗﺪ أﺣﺎط ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻨﺎﻳﺔ واﻟﺮﻋﺎﻳﺔ واﳊﻔﻆ‪ ٬‬وﻫﻴﱠﺄ ﻟﻸﻣﺔ َﻣ ْﻦ ﻳﺘﺤﻤﻞ ﻣﺴﺆوﻟﻴﺔ اﳊﻔﺎظ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻫﺬا اﻟﻜﺘﺎب اﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺑﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎرﻩ ﻣﻨﻬﺎج ﺣﻴﺎ ﺎ‪ ٬‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﻇﻬﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل وﺿﻊ ﻋﻼﻣﺎت اﻟﻀﺒﻂ واﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺣﻔﻆ‬
‫ﻛﺘﺎب اﷲ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳﻒ واﻟﺘﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺑﻌﺪ أن اﺧﺘﻠﻂ اﻟﻠﺴﺎن اﻟﻌﺮﰊ ﺑﺎﻷﻋﺠﻤﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬اﳌﻜﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﻜﺒﲑة اﻟﱵ ﺣﻈﻲ ﺎ اﻹﻣﺎم‪ ٬‬ﺣﻴﺚ وﻗﻊ اﻟﺜﻨﺎء ﻋﻠﻴﻪ وﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻠﻤﻪ وﺧﻠﻘﻪ ودﻳﻨﻪ‪ ٬‬ووﻗﻊ‬
‫اﻟﺜﻨﺎء ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﺘﺒﻪ وﻣﺼﻨﻔﺎﺗﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺷﻬﺮة اﻹﻣﺎم اﺑﻦ ﳒﺎح ﻟﻨﺒﻮﻏﻪ ﰲ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﺣﱴ ﺑﻠﻎ ﺻﻴﺘﻪ ﰲ اﻵﻓﺎق‪ ٬‬وﻧﺎل ﺷﺮف ِذﻛﺮ اﳌﺼﺎﺣﻒ‬
‫ﺗﺒﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل اﻟﺒﺤﺚ أﺛﺮ اﺧﺘﻴﺎراﺗﻪ ﰲ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﺼﺎﺣﻒ اﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ اﻟﻴﻮم‪ ٬‬ﻓﻜﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ اﺧﺘﻴﺎراﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‪ ٬‬وﻗﺪ ﱠ‬
‫وﺿﺒِﻂ ﺎ اﳌﺼﺤﻒ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻗﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ُ‬
‫‪ ‬أ ﱠن اﳌﺆﻟﱢﻒ اﺑﻦ ﳒﺎح إﻣﺎم اﻟﻘﺮاء واﻹﻗﺮاء‪ ٬‬وﺣﺠﺔ ﰲ ﻫﺠﺎء اﳌﺼﺎﺣﻒ‪ ٬‬ﻓﺈﻟﻴﻪ اﳌﺮﺟﻊ وﺑﻪ اﻟﻘﺪوة‪ ٬‬وﻋﱠﺰ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﻳﺪاﻧﻴﻪ ﰲ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺘﻪ ﻫﺬﻩ‪ ٬‬ﻧﻈﺮا ﳌﻜﺎﻧﺘﻪ ﰲ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ورﺳﻮﺧﻪ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ٬‬وﻛﺜﺮة اﺷﺘﻐﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺦ واﻹﻗﺮاء‬
‫واﻟﺘﺄﻟﻴﻒ واﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻒ ﻃﻮال ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬اﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﻜﺒﲑة ﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﻪ أﺻﻮل اﻟﻀﺒﻂ‪ ٬‬واﻟﺬي ﻳُﻌ ﱡﺪ اﻟﻌﻤﺪة ﰲ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻔﻦ‪ ٬‬وﻗﺪ أﺛﱠﺮ ﻓﻴﻤﻦ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ‪٬‬‬
‫ﻓﻤﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺘﺎب ﰲ اﻟﻀﺒﻂ اﻟﻘﺮآﱐ‪ ٬‬إﻻ و ﻗﺪ اﺳﺘﻔﺎد ﻣﻨﻪ وﻧﻘﻞ ﻋﻨﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬إن اﺧﺘﻼف اﻟﺸﻴﺦ اﻟﺪاﱐ وﺗﻠﻤﻴﺬﻩ اﺑﻦ ﳒﺎح ﰲ ﺿﺒﻂ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت اﻟﱵ اﺟﺘﻤﻊ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻳﺎءان ﰲ اﻟﺮﺳﻢ‬
‫وﺣﺬﻓﺖ إﺣﺪاﳘﺎ اﺧﺘﺼﺎراً‪ ٬‬ﻳﺪل ﻋﻠﻰ أن اﻹﻣﺎم اﺑﻦ ﳒﺎح ﻏﲑ ﻣﻘﻠﺪ‪ ٬‬وإﳕﺎ وﺿﻊ اﺧﺘﻴﺎراﺗﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻃﻮل‬
‫ﻧﻈﺮ واﺟﺘﻬﺎد‪ ٬‬وﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺮأي اﻟﺬي ﺗﺮﺟﺢ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ‪.‬‬

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‫!‪A pdf writer that produces quality PDF files with ease‬‬
‫‪Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original documents. Compatible across‬‬
‫‪nearly all Windows platforms, simply open the document you want to convert, click “print”, select the‬‬
‫!‪“Broadgun pdfMachine printer” and that’s it! Get yours now‬‬
 ‫اﻟﺨﺎﺗﻤ ـ ـ ـﺔ‬

‫‪ ‬اﺳﺘﻨﺎد اﻹﻣﺎم اﺑﻦ ﳒﺎح ﰲ اﺧﺘﻴﺎراﺗﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻮاﻋﺪ ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻣﺆﺻﻠﺔ‪ ٬‬ووﻓﻖ أﺳﺲ ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺔ دﻗﻴﻘﺔ‪ ٬‬وﻣﻮاﻓﻘﺘﻪ‬
‫ﻛﺜﲑاً ﳌﺎ ﻳﺮﺟﺤﻪ أﺟﻼء ﻋﻠﻤﺎء اﻷﻣﺔ ﰲ ذﻟﻚ اﻟﻔﻦ‪ ٬‬وﱂ أﻋﺜﺮ ﻟﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻮل ﻣﺴﺘﻐﺮب‪ ٬‬أو ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻪ ﻣﺴﺘﺒﻌﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺗﻼﺣﻆ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎب اﻹﻣﺎم اﺑﻦ ﳒﺎح اﻟﺴﻬﻮﻟﺔ واﻟﻴﺴﺮ‪ ٬‬وﻋﺪم اﻟﺘﻜﻠﻒ واﻟﺘﻌﺼﺐ ﰲ ﺑﻴﺎن اﺧﺘﻴﺎراﺗﻪ‪٬‬‬
‫ﻓﻌﺒﺎراﺗﻪ وﻟﻐﺘﻪ ﺳﻬﻠﺔ‪ ٬‬وأﺳﻠﻮﺑﻪ ﺧﺎل ﻣﻦ اﻟﻐﺮﻳﺐ واﻹﻏﺮاق ﰲ اﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل اﻷﻟﻔﺎظ اﻟﻐﺮﻳﺒﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻇﻬﺮت اﻟﺴﻬﻮﻟﺔ ﺟﻠﻴﺔ ﰲ اﺧﺘﻴﺎرات اﻹﻣﺎم‪ ٬‬وذﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل اﺣﱰاﻣﻪ ﻷﻗﻮال اﻵﺧﺮﻳﻦ‪ ٬‬ﻓﻬﻮ‬
‫ُﳛ ﱢﺴﻦ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺎ‪ ٬‬أو ُﳛ ﱢﺴﻦ اﻟﻮﺟﻬﲔ ﻣﻌﺎً‪ ٬‬أو ﳜﺘﺎر وﺟﻬﺎ وﻻ ﳝﻨﻊ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻵﺧﺮ‪ ٬‬وﰲ ﺑﻌﺾ اﳌﻮاﺿﻊ‬
‫ﻳﻌﻄﻲ ﻟﻠﻨﺎﻗﻂ ﺣﺮﻳﺔ اﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎر‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﺒﲔ أن اﻹﻣﺎم ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎن ﺑﻦ ﳒﺎح ﻳُﺼﱢﺮح ﰲ اﻟﻐﺎﻟﺐ ﲟﻮﺟﺐ اﺧﺘﻴﺎرﻩ وﻋﻠﺘﻪ‪ ٬‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﺑﻠﻐﺖ اﺧﺘﻴﺎراﺗﻪ ﰲ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﱠ‬
‫ﻃﻴﱠﺎت اﻟﺒﺤﺚ اﺛﻨﲔ وﺛﻼﺛﻮن اﺧﺘﻴﺎراً‪ ٬‬ﺳﻮاء ﻛﺎن ذﻟﻚ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﺢ أو ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺑﺎﻹﺷﺎرة‪ ٬‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﲡﺪﻩ‬
‫ﻳﺬﻛﺮ ﰲ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻷﺣﻴﺎن ﺿﺒﻂ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت اﻟﻘﺮآﻧﻴﺔ وﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﻻ ﻳﺬﻛﺮ اﺧﺘﻴﺎرﻩ‪ ٬‬وﰲ ﺑﻌﺾ اﳌﻮاﺿﻊ ﻳﺬﻛﺮ‬
‫اﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎر دون اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻞ‪.‬‬
‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎ‪ :‬اﻟﺘﻮﺻﻴﺎت‪:‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺿﺮورة اﻻﺳﺘﻔﺎدة ﻣﻦ دراﺳﺔ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻋﻠﻢ ﻫﺠﺎء اﳌﺼﺎﺣﻒ‪ ٬‬ﲟﻌﺮﻓﺔ أﻗﻮال اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل‬
‫ﲨﻊ أﻗﻮاﳍﻢ ﰲ ﺗﻠﻚ اﳌﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺘﺒﻬﻢ اﳌﺘﻔﺮﻗﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﲨﻊ اﺧﺘﻴﺎرات اﺑﻦ ﳒﺎح ﰲ ﻋﻠﻢ ﻫﺠﺎء اﳌﺼﺎﺣﻒ‪ ٬‬ودراﺳﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﳌﻮازﻧﺔ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﺎ وﺑﲔ اﺧﺘﻴﺎرات ﻣﻦ ﺳﺒﻘﻪ‬
‫ﰲ ذﻟﻚ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‪ -‬ﻷن اﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎرات ﲦﺮة ﻣﻦ ﲦﺎر ﺟﻬﺪ اﻟﻌﺎﱂ‪ -‬وﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺘﻬﺎ ﲟﺎ ﺗﻮﺻﻞ إﻟﻴﻪ ﻏﲑﻩ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء‬
‫و ﻷن ذﻟﻚ ﻳﻨ ﱢﻤﻲ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﻣﻠﻜﺔ اﳌﻮازﻧﺔ ﺑﲔ أﻗﻮال اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء‪ ٬‬وﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ اﻟﺴﺒﻞ اﻟﱵ ﺳﻠﻜﻮﻫﺎ ﻟﻠﻮﺻﻮل‬
‫إﱃ ذﻟﻚ اﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎر‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺿﺮورة إﺑﺮاز ﺟﻬﻮد اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء اﳌﺘﻘﺪﻣﲔ ﰲ ﺷﱴ أﻧﻮاع اﻟﻔﻨﻮن ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﰲ ﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﻀﺒﻂ اﳌﺼﺤﻔﻲ‪ ٬‬ﻣﻊ دراﺳﺔ‬
‫إرﺛﻬﻢ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬إﻓﺮاد ﻛﻞ ﻋﻠﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻠﻮم اﻟﻘﺮآن ﲟﺆﻟﻒ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ‪ ٬‬ﻟﺴﻌﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ اﻟﻌﻠﻮم وﺗﺸﻌﺒﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﺬﻩ أﻫﻢ اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ واﻟﺘﻮﺻﻴﺎت اﻟﱵ ﺗﻮﺻﻠﺖ إﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﻫﺬا اﻟﺒﺤﺚ‪.‬‬

‫‪87‬‬
‫‪pdfMachine‬‬
‫!‪A pdf writer that produces quality PDF files with ease‬‬
‫‪Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original documents. Compatible across‬‬
‫‪nearly all Windows platforms, simply open the document you want to convert, click “print”, select the‬‬
‫!‪“Broadgun pdfMachine printer” and that’s it! Get yours now‬‬
 ‫اﻟﺨﺎﺗﻤ ـ ـ ـﺔ‬

‫ وﻳﻐﻔﺮ ﱄ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎن‬٬‫ وأن ﳚﻌﻞ ﻋﻤﻠﻲ ﺧﺎﻟﺼﺎً ﻟﻮﺟﻬﻪ اﻟﻜﺮﱘ‬٬‫وﰲ اﻷﺧﲑ أﺳﺄل اﷲ اﻟﺘﻮﻓﻴﻖ واﻟﺴﺪاد‬
‫ ﻛﻤﺎ أﺳﺄﻟﻪ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ‬٬‫ ﻓﺎﻟﻜﻤﺎل ﷲ وﺣ ـ ـﺪﻩ واﻟﻨﻘﺼـ ـ ـ ـ ـﺎن ﻣﻦ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺔ اﻟﺒﺸﺮ‬٬‫ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻄﺄ أو زﻟﻞ أو ﻧﺴﻴﺎن‬
‫وﱄ ذﻟﻚ‬
‫ إﻧـ ـﻪ ﱡ‬٬‫ وأن ﻳﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﻨ ـ ـ ـﺎ ﰲ ﻃﺎﻋﺘﻪ وﻧﺼـ ـ ـ ـﺮة دﻳﻨﻪ‬٬‫أن ﳚﻌﻠﻨﺎ ﻣﻦ ﲪﻠﺔ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ اﻟﻌـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـﺎﻣﻠ ـ ـﲔ ﺑﻪ‬
.‫ وﺻﻠﻰ اﷲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﺒﻴﻨﺎ ﳏﻤﺪ وﻋﻠﻰ آﻟﻪ وﺻﺤﺒﻪ وﺳﻠﻢ‬٬‫واﻟﻘﺎدر ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬

88
pdfMachine
A pdf writer that produces quality PDF files with ease!
Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original documents. Compatible across
nearly all Windows platforms, simply open the document you want to convert, click “print”, select the
“Broadgun pdfMachine printer” and that’s it! Get yours now!
 .‫ﻓﻬرس اﻵﻴﺎت اﻟﻘرآﻨﻴـــــــﺔ‬ .1
.‫ﻓﻬــــــــــــــرس اﻵﺜــــــــــــــــــﺎر‬ .2
.‫ﻓﻬــرس اﻷﻋـــــــــــــــــــــــــــﻼم‬ .3
.‫ﻓﻬرس اﻷﻤﺎﻛـــــن واﻟﺒﻠدان‬ .4
.‫ﻓﻬرس اﻟﻤﺼﺎدر واﻟﻤراﺠﻊ‬ .5
.‫ﻓﻬرس اﻟﻤوﻀـــــــــــــــوﻋﺎت‬ .6

pdfMachine
A pdf writer that produces quality PDF files with ease!
Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original documents. Compatible across
nearly all Windows platforms, simply open the document you want to convert, click “print”, select the
“Broadgun pdfMachine printer” and that’s it! Get yours now!
 ‫اﻟﻔﻬـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ــﺎرس‬

.‫ ﻓﻬﺮس اﻵﻳﺎت اﻟﻘﺮآﻧﻴ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـﺔ‬-1

‫اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ‬ ‫رﻗﻢ اﻵﻳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻮرة‬ ‫ﺷﻄﺮ اﻵﻳﺔ‬

40 2 ‫ﱠ‬  ‫ﭐﱡﭐ‬

42 6 ‫ﱠ‬‫ﱡﭐ‬

74-13 13 ‫ﱠ‬‫ﱡ‬

16 30 ‫اﻟﺒﻘﺮة‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﭐﱡﭐ‬

51-49 32 ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﱡ‬

64 -63 60 ‫ﭐ ﱠ ﭐ‬‫ﱡ‬

27 236 ‫ﱠ‬ ............   ‫ﭐﱡ‬

39 7 ‫ﭐﱠ‬    ‫ﱡ‬

47 15 ‫ﱠ‬  ‫ﱡ‬

49 65 ‫ﱠ‬‫ﱡﭐ‬
‫آل ﻋﻤﺮان‬
63 74 ‫ﱠ‬‫ﭐﱡ‬

63 78 ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﭐﱡ‬

79 -16 144 ‫ﱠ‬‫ﱡ‬

79 158 ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﱡ‬

81 33 ‫اﳌﺎﺋﺪة‬ ‫ﱡﭐ ﱠ‬

45 20 ‫اﻷﻧﻌﺎم‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﱡ‬

84 -79 34 ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﭐﱡﭐ‬

90
pdfMachine
A pdf writer that produces quality PDF files with ease!
Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original documents. Compatible across
nearly all Windows platforms, simply open the document you want to convert, click “print”, select the
“Broadgun pdfMachine printer” and that’s it! Get yours now!
 ‫اﻟﻔﻬـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ــﺎرس‬

39 81 ‫ﱠ‬‫ﱡﭐ‬

74 17 ‫ﱠ‬‫ﱡﭐ‬
‫اﻷﻋﺮاف‬
76 19 ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﱡ‬

52 123 ‫ﱠ‬‫ﱡ‬

5 3 ‫اﻟﺘﻮﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ......     ‫ﭐﱡ‬

79 47 ‫ﱠ‬‫ﱡﭐ‬

59-58-57-56 87 ‫ﻳﻮﻧﺲ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﱡ‬

40 105 ‫ﻫﻮد‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﭐﱡﭐ‬

49 4
‫ﻳﻮﺳﻒ‬
‫ ﱠ‬ ‫ﱡ‬

59 5 ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﱡﭐ‬

84 87 ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﱡ‬

‫ب‬ 9 ‫اﳊﺠﺮ‬ ‫ ﱠ‬.........     ‫ﭐﱡﭐ‬

66 95 ‫ﱠ‬‫ﱡ‬

68 7 ‫ﱠ‬‫ﭐ ﱡ‬
‫اﻹﺳﺮاء‬
59 60 ‫ﱠ‬‫ﱡ‬

42 61 ‫ﱠ‬‫ﱡ‬

76 -39 16 ‫ﱠ‬  ‫ﭐﱡﭐ‬

‫اﻟﻜﻬﻒ‬
78 24 ‫ﱠ‬‫ﱡﭐ‬

64 31 ‫ﱡ ﱠ‬
‫ﲤ‬

91
pdfMachine
A pdf writer that produces quality PDF files with ease!
Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original documents. Compatible across
nearly all Windows platforms, simply open the document you want to convert, click “print”, select the
“Broadgun pdfMachine printer” and that’s it! Get yours now!
 ‫اﻟﻔﻬـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ــﺎرس‬

40 34 ‫ ﱠ‬ ‫ﱡ‬

11 12-10 ‫ﻃﻪ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ...      ‫ﭐﱡ‬

52 71 ‫ﱠ‬‫ﱡ‬

50 30 ‫اﻟﻔﺮﻗﺎن‬ ‫ﱠ‬‫ﱡ‬

52 48 ‫اﻟﺸﻌﺮاء‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﱡ‬

58-57-56-13 61 ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﱡﭐ‬

79 21 ‫اﻟﻨﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﱡﭐ‬

39 13 ‫اﻟﺮوم‬ ‫ﭐﱡ ﱠ‬

71-70 51 ‫اﻷﺣﺰاب‬ ‫ﱠ‬‫ﱡﭐ‬

39 1
‫اﻟﺼﺎﻓﺎت‬
‫ﱠ‬‫ﱡ‬

42 53 ‫ﱡﭐ ﱠ‬

79 68 ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﱡ‬

42 7 ‫ص‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﱡ‬

78 66 ‫اﻟﺰﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﱠ‬‫ﱡ‬

42 18 ‫ﱠ‬‫ﱡ‬
‫اﻟﺰﺧﺮف‬
56 37 ‫ﱠ‬‫ﱡﭐ‬

52 58 ‫ﱠ‬‫ﱡ‬

81-80 47 ‫اﻟﺬارﻳﺎت‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﱡﭐ‬

42 25 ‫اﻟﻘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﱠ‬‫ﱡﭐ‬

92
pdfMachine
A pdf writer that produces quality PDF files with ease!
Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original documents. Compatible across
nearly all Windows platforms, simply open the document you want to convert, click “print”, select the
“Broadgun pdfMachine printer” and that’s it! Get yours now!
 ‫اﻟﻔﻬـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ــﺎرس‬

81-80 6 ‫اﻟﻘﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﱡﭐ‬

71-70 13 ‫اﳌﻌﺎرج‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﱡﭐ‬

42 10 ‫اﻟﻨﺎزﻋﺎت‬ ‫ﱠ‬‫ﱡ‬

72 8 ‫اﻟﺘﻜﻮﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﱠ‬‫ﱡ‬

40 15 ‫اﻻﻧﺸﻘﺎق‬ ‫ ﱠ‬     ‫ﱡﭐ‬

78 25 ‫اﻟﻔﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﱠ‬‫ﱡ‬

93
pdfMachine
A pdf writer that produces quality PDF files with ease!
Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original documents. Compatible across
nearly all Windows platforms, simply open the document you want to convert, click “print”, select the
“Broadgun pdfMachine printer” and that’s it! Get yours now!
 ‫اﻟﻔﻬ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ــﺎرس‬

.‫ ﻓﻬ ـ ـﺮس اﻵﺛ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـﺎر‬-2

‫اﻟﺼـ ـﻔـ ـﺤ ــﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺋﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻃﺮف اﻷﺛﺮ‬

6 .‫أﺑﻮ اﻷﺳﻮد اﻟﺪؤﱄ‬ ..........ً‫ﺧﺬ اﳌﺼﺤﻒ وﺻﺒﺎﻏﺎ‬

8 . ‫ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ اﳋﻄﺎب‬ .........‫ﺟﺮدوا اﻟﻘﺮآن وأﻗﻠﻮا اﻟﺮواﻳﺔ‬

8 . ‫اﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮد‬ ........‫ﺟﺮدوا اﻟﻘﺮآن ﻟﲑﺑﻮا ﻓﻴﻪ ﺻﻐﲑﻛﻢ‬

94
pdfMachine
A pdf writer that produces quality PDF files with ease!
Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original documents. Compatible across
nearly all Windows platforms, simply open the document you want to convert, click “print”, select the
“Broadgun pdfMachine printer” and that’s it! Get yours now!
 ‫اﻟﻔﻬـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ــﺎرس‬

‫‪ -3‬ﻓﻬﺮس اﻷﻋـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـﻼم‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻮﺿﻊ‬
‫اﺳﻢ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﻗﻢ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫زﻳﺎد ﺑﻦ أﺑﻲ ﺳﻔﻴﺎن‪ :‬زﻳﺎد ﺑﻦ أﰊ ﺳﻔﻴﺎن ﺑﻦ ﺣﺮب ﺑﻦ أﻣﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪01‬‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫ﻋﺒﻴﺪ اﷲ‪ :‬ﻋﺒﻴﺪ اﷲ ﺑﻦ زﻳﺎد ﺑﻦ أﰊ ﺳﻔﻴﺎن‪.‬‬ ‫‪02‬‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫أﺑﻮ اﻷﺳﻮد اﻟﺪؤﻟﻲ‪ :‬ﻇﺎﱂ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮو ﺑﻦ ﺳﻔﻴﺎن‪.‬‬ ‫‪03‬‬
‫‪6‬‬ ‫اﺑﻦ أﺣﻤﺪ اﻟﻔﺮاﻫﻴﺪي‪ :‬اﳋﻠﻴﻞ ﺑﻦ أﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮو ﺑﻦ ﲤﻴﻢ اﻟﻔﺮاﻫﻴﺪي‪.‬‬ ‫‪04‬‬
‫‪6‬‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺠﺎج‪ :‬اﳊﺠﺎج ﺑﻦ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﺑﻦ اﳊﻜﻢ ﺑﻦ أﰉ ﻋﻘﻴﻞ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮد‪.‬‬ ‫‪05‬‬
‫‪7‬‬ ‫ﻳﺤﻲ ﺑﻦ ﻳﻌﻤﺮ‪ :‬ﳛﲕ ﺑﻦ ﻳَـ ْﻌ َﻤﺮ اﻟﻘﻴﺴﻲ اﻟﻌﺪواﱐ‪.‬‬ ‫‪06‬‬
‫‪7‬‬ ‫ﻧﺼﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺎﺻﻢ‪ :‬ﻧﺼﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺎﺻﻢ اﻟﻠﻴﺜﻲ اﻟﻨﺤﻮي‪.‬‬ ‫‪07‬‬
‫‪7‬‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ اﻟﺨﻄﺎب‪ :‬ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ اﳋﻄ ـﺎب ﺑﻦ ﻧﻔﻴ ــﻞ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻌــﺰي‪.‬‬ ‫‪08‬‬
‫‪8‬‬ ‫اﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮد‪ :‬ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮد ﺑﻦ ﻏﺎﻓﻞ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﻴﺐ ﺑﻦ ﴰﺦ‪.‬‬ ‫‪09‬‬
‫‪8‬‬ ‫ﻗﺘﺎدة‪ :‬ﻗﺘﺎدة ﺑﻦ دﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻗﺘﺎدة ﺑﻦ ﻋﺰﻳﺰ اﻟﺴﺪوﺳﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫‪9‬‬ ‫ﻋﺜﻤﺎن‪ :‬ﻋﺜﻤﺎن ﺑﻦ ﻋﻔﺎن ﺑﻦ أﰊ اﻟﻌﺎص اﻟﻘﺮﺷﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬
‫‪18‬‬ ‫ﻫﺸﺎم‪ :‬ﻫﺸﺎم ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﺮﲪﺎن ﺑﻦ اﳌﺘﻨﺼﺮ ﺑﺎﷲ ﺑﻦ اﻟﻨﺎﺻﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬
‫‪18‬‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲ‪ :‬ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲ ﺑﻦ أﰊ ﻋﺎﻣﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬
‫‪19‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻌﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﷲ‪ :‬ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎن ﺑﻦ اﳊﻜﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎن ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﺮﲪﺎن‪.‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬
‫‪20‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺎﻫﺪ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺮي‪ :‬ﳎﺎﻫﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺮي‪.‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬
‫‪21‬‬ ‫أﺑﻮ داود‪ :‬ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎن ﺑﻦ أﰊ اﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ ﳒﺎح‪.‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬
‫‪23‬‬ ‫أﺑﻮ ﻋﻤﺮو اﻟﺪاﻧﻲ‪ :‬ﻋﺜﻤﺎن ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺜﻤﺎن اﻷﻣﻮي‪.‬‬ ‫‪17‬‬
‫‪23‬‬ ‫اﺑﻦ ﻏﻠﺒﻮن‪ :‬ﻃﺎﻫﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﳌﻨﻌﻢ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ اﷲ‪.‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬
‫‪23‬‬ ‫اﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﺒﺮ‪ :‬ﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﱪ اﻟﻨﻤﺮي‪.‬‬ ‫‪19‬‬
‫‪24‬‬ ‫اﺑﻦ ﺳﻔﻴﺎن‪ :‬ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻮارث ﺑﻦ ﺳﻔﻴﺎن ﺑﻦ ﺟﱪون‪.‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬

‫‪95‬‬
‫‪pdfMachine‬‬
‫!‪A pdf writer that produces quality PDF files with ease‬‬
‫‪Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original documents. Compatible across‬‬
‫‪nearly all Windows platforms, simply open the document you want to convert, click “print”, select the‬‬
‫!‪“Broadgun pdfMachine printer” and that’s it! Get yours now‬‬
 ‫اﻟﻔﻬـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ــﺎرس‬

‫‪24‬‬ ‫أﺑﻮ اﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ اﻟﺒﺎﺟﻲ‪ :‬ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎن ﺑﻦ ﺧﻠﻒ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪون ﺑﻦ أﻳﻮب‪.‬‬ ‫‪21‬‬

‫‪24‬‬ ‫أﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ اﻟﺨﻄﻴﺐ‪ :‬أﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ اﻟﺒﻐﺪادي‪.‬‬ ‫‪22‬‬
‫‪25‬‬ ‫أﺑﻮ اﻟﺤﺴﻦ اﻟﺒﻠﻨﺴﻲ‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﻫﺬﻳﻞ اﳌﻘﺮئ‪.‬‬ ‫‪23‬‬
‫‪25‬‬ ‫أﺑﻮ اﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ اﻟﺸﺎﻃﺒﻲ‪ :‬اﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ ﺑﻦ ّ‬
‫ﻓﲑﻩ ﺑﻦ ﺧﻠﻒ ﺑﻦ أﲪﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪24‬‬
‫‪25‬‬ ‫أﺑﻮ اﻟﻌﺒﺎس اﻟﻠﺨﻤﻲ‪ :‬أﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺮب‪.‬‬ ‫‪25‬‬
‫‪26‬‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ اﻟﺴﻤﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪26‬‬
‫‪26‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤ ْﻘ ِﺮ ْئ‪ :‬ﻋﺒﺪ اﳉﻠﻴﻞ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ اﻷﻣﻮي‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﺠﻠﻴﻞ ُ‬ ‫‪27‬‬
‫‪26‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺧﻠﻒ‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺧﻠﻒ ﺑﻦ رﺿﺎ‪ ٬‬أﺑﻮ اﳊﺴﻦ اﻷﻧﺼﺎري‪.‬‬ ‫‪28‬‬
‫‪28‬‬ ‫اﺑﻦ ﺑﺸﻜﻮال‪ :‬ﺧﻠﻒ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﳌﻠﻚ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮد ﺑﻦ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ‪.‬‬ ‫‪29‬‬
‫‪31‬‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻓﻊ‪ :‬ﻧﺎﻓﻊ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ أﰊ ﻧﻌﻴﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬
‫‪33‬‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻟﻰ اﻟﻔﺨﺎر‪ :‬ﻣﻴﻤﻮن ﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ اﳌﺼﻤﻮدي‪.‬‬ ‫‪31‬‬
‫‪33‬‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺮاز‪ :‬ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ إﺑﺮاﻫﻴﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫‪32‬‬
‫‪43‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺴﺎﺋﻲ‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﲪﺰة‪ ٬‬أﺑﻮ اﳊﺴﻦ اﻷﺳﺪي‪.‬‬ ‫‪33‬‬
‫‪43‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮاء‪ :‬ﳛﲕ ﺑﻦ زﻳﺎد ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲ‪ ٬‬أﺑﻮ زﻛﺮﻳﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫‪34‬‬
‫‪43‬‬ ‫ﺛﻌﻠﺐ‪ :‬أﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﳛﲕ ﺑﻦ زﻳﺪ‪ ٬‬أﺑﻮ اﻟﻌﺒﺎس اﻟﻨﺤﻮي‪.‬‬ ‫‪35‬‬
‫‪43‬‬ ‫اﺑﻦ ﻛﻴﺴﺎن‪ :‬ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ أﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻛﻴﺴﺎن‪ ٬‬أﺑﻮ اﳊﺴﻦ‪.‬‬ ‫‪36‬‬

‫‪96‬‬
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 ‫اﻟﻔﻬ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ــﺎرس‬

.‫ ﻓﻬﺮس اﻷﻣﺎﻛﻦ واﻟﺒﻠﺪان‬-4

‫اﻟﺼـ ـﻔـ ـﺤ ــﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻜﺎن أو اﻟﺒﻠﺪ‬

19 ‫ﻗﺮﻃﺒﺔ‬

19 ‫ﺑﻠﻨﺴﻴﺔ‬

20 ‫داﻧﻴﺔ‬

97
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 ‫اﻟﻔﻬ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ــﺎرس‬

‫‪ -5‬ﻓﻬﺮس اﻟﻤﺼﺎدر واﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻊ‪:‬‬

‫‪ ‬اﳌﺼﺤﻒ اﳌﺜﻤﻦ ﺑﺮواﻳﺔ ورش ﻋﻦ ﻧﺎﻓﻊ‪.‬‬

‫‪ .1‬أﺳﺎس اﻟﺒﻼﻏﺔ‪ ٬‬ﳏﻤﻮد ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ أﲪﺪ اﻟﺰﳐﺸﺮي‪ ٬‬ﲢﻘﻴﻖ‪ :‬ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﺎﺳﻞ ﻋﻴﻮن اﻟﺴﻮد‪ ٬‬دار‬
‫اﻟﻜﺘﺐ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‪ ٬‬ﺑﲑوت‪ ٬‬ﻟﺒﻨﺎن‪ ٬‬ط‪ ٬1‬ﺳﻨﺔ‪1419 :‬ه‪1998/‬م‪.‬‬
‫‪ .2‬اﻹﺳﺘﻴﻌﺎب ﰲ أﲰﺎء اﻷﺻﺤﺎب‪ ٬‬ﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﱪ‪ ٬‬دار اﻟﻔﻜﺮ‪ ٬‬ﺑﲑوت‪ ٬‬ﻟﺒﻨﺎن‪) ٬‬د‪.‬ط(‪٬‬‬
‫‪1427‬ه‪2006/‬م‪.‬‬
‫‪ .3‬اﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ ﰲ ﲤﻴﻴﺰ اﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ‪ ٬‬أﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ اﻟﻌﺴﻘﻼﱐ‪ ٬‬ﲢﻘﻴﻖ‪ :‬ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ‬
‫اﶈﺴﻦ اﻟﱰﻛﻲ‪٬‬ط‪ ٬1‬ﺳﻨﺔ‪1429 :‬ه‪2008/‬م‪.‬‬
‫‪ .4‬أﺻﻮل اﻟﻀﺒﻂ وﻛﻴﻔﻴﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻬﺔ اﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎر‪ ٬‬أﺑﻮ داود ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎن ﺑﻦ ﳒﺎح‪ ٬‬ﺣﻘﻘﻪ وﻋﻠﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪:‬‬
‫أﲪﺪ ﺷﺮﺷﺎل‪ ٬‬ﻃﺒﻊ ﳎﻤﻊ اﳌﻠﻚ ﻓﻬﺪ ﻟﻄﺒﺎﻋﺔ اﳌﺼﺤﻒ اﻟﺸﺮﻳﻒ‪ ٬‬اﻟﺴﻌﻮدﻳﺔ‪ ٬‬ط‪ ٬1‬ﺳﻨﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ 1427‬ه‪.‬‬
‫‪ .5‬أﻋﻤﺎل اﻷﻋﻼم ﰲ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻮﻳﻊ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻻﺣﺘﻼم ﻣﻦ ﻣﻠﻮك اﻹﺳﻼم‪ ٬‬ﻟﺴﺎن اﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺑﻦ اﳋﻄﻴﺐ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻠﻤﺴﺎﱐ‪ ٬‬ﲢﻘﻴﻖ‪ :‬ﻟﻴﻔﻲ ﺑﺮوﻓﻨﺴﺎل‪ ٬‬دار اﳌﻜﺸﻮف‪ ٬‬ﺑﲑوت‪ ٬‬ﻟﺒﻨﺎن‪ ٬‬ط‪ ٬2‬ﺳﻨﺔ‪1956 :‬م‪.‬‬
‫‪ .6‬أوراق ﻏﲑ ﻣﻨﺸﻮرة ﻣﻦ ﻛﺘﺎب اﶈﻜﻢ‪ ٬‬ﻋﺜﻤﺎن ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ اﻟﺪاﱐ‪ ٬‬ﲢﻘﻴﻖ‪ :‬ﻏﺎﱎ ﻗﺪوري اﳊﻤﺪ‪٬‬‬
‫ﻣﻄﺒﻌﺔ اﳌﺼﺤﻒ اﻟﺸﺮﻳﻒ‪ ٬‬دﻣﺸﻖ‪ ٬‬ﺳﻮرﻳﺎ‪ ٬‬ط‪ ٬1‬ﺳﻨﺔ‪1433 :‬ه‪2012/‬م‪.‬‬
‫‪ .7‬اﻟﺒﺪور اﻟﺰاﻫﺮة ﰲ اﻟﻘﺮاءات اﻟﻌﺸﺮ اﳌﺘﻮاﺗﺮة‪ ٬‬ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻔﺘﺎح اﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ‪ ٬‬دار اﻟﻜﺘﺎب اﻟﻐﺮﰊ‪ ٬‬ﺑﲑوت‪٬‬‬
‫ﻟﺒﻨﺎن‪) ٬‬د‪.‬ط(‪) ٬‬د‪.‬ت‪.‬ن(‪.‬‬
‫‪ .8‬ﺑﻐﻴﺔ اﳌﻠﺘﻤﺲ ﰲ ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ رﺟﺎل أﻫﻞ اﻷﻧﺪﻟﺲ‪ ٬‬ﻟﻠﻀﱯ‪ ٬‬ﲢﻘﻴﻖ‪ :‬إﺑﺮاﻫﻴﻢ اﻷﺑﻴﺎري‪ ٬‬دار اﻟﻜﺘﺎب‬
‫اﳌﺼﺮي‪ ٬‬اﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮة‪ ٬‬ودار اﻟﻜﺘﺎب اﻟﻠﺒﻨﺎﱐ‪ ٬‬ﺑﲑوت‪ ٬‬ط‪ ٬1‬ﺳﻨﺔ‪1410 :‬ه‪1989/‬م‪.‬‬
‫‪ .9‬ﺑﻐﻴﺔ اﻟﻮﻋﺎة ﰲ ﻃﺒﻘﺎت اﻟﻠﻐﻮﻳﲔ واﻟﻨﺤﺎة‪ ٬‬ﺟﻼل اﻟﺪﻳﻦ اﻟﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ‪ ٬‬ﲢﻘﻴﻖ‪ :‬ﳏﻤﺪ أﺑﻮ اﻟﻔﻀﻞ‬
‫إﺑﺮاﻫﻴﻢ‪ ٬‬دار اﻟﻔﻜﺮ‪ ٬‬اﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮة‪ ٬‬ط‪ ٬2‬ﺳﻨﺔ‪1399 :‬ه‪1979/‬م‪.‬‬
‫‪ .10‬ﺗﺎج اﻟﻌﺮوس ﻣﻦ ﺟﻮاﻫﺮ اﻟﻘﺎﻣﻮس‪ ٬‬ﳏﻤﺪ ﻣﺮﺗﻀﻰ اﳊﺴﻴﲏ اﻟﺰﺑﻴﺪي‪ ٬‬ﲢﻘﻴﻖ‪ :‬ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﺴﻼم ﳏﻤﺪ‬
‫ﻫﺎرون‪ ٬ ٬‬ﻣﻄﺒﻌﺔ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺔ اﻟﻜﻮﻳﺖ‪ ٬‬ط‪ ٬2‬ﺳﻨﺔ‪1415 :‬ه‪1994/‬م‪.‬‬
‫‪98‬‬
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‫‪Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original documents. Compatible across‬‬
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‫‪ .11‬ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ اﺑﻦ ﺧﻠﺪون‪ ٬‬ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﺮﲪﺎن ﺑﻦ ﺧﻠﺪون‪ ٬‬ﲢﻘﻴﻖ‪ :‬ﺧﻠﻴﻞ ﺷﺤﺎدﻩ‪ ٬‬وﺳﻬﻴﻞ زﻛﺎر‪ ٬‬دار‬
‫اﻟﻔﻜﺮ‪ ٬‬ﺑﲑوت‪ ٬‬ﻟﺒﻨﺎن‪) ٬‬د‪.‬ط(‪1431 ٬‬ه‪2001/‬م‪.‬‬
‫‪ .12‬اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺦ اﻟﻜﺒﲑ‪ ٬‬إﲰﺎﻋﻴﻞ ﺑﻦ إﺑﺮاﻫﻴﻢ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري‪ ٬‬دار اﻟﻜﺘﺐ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‪ ٬‬ﺑﲑوت‪ ٬‬ﻟﺒﻨﺎن‪) ٬‬د‪.‬ط(‪٬‬‬
‫)د‪.‬ت‪.‬ن(‪.‬‬
‫‪ .13‬اﻟﺘﺒﻴﺎن ﰲ آداب ﲪﻠﺔ اﻟﻘﺮآن‪ ٬‬ﳛﲕ ﺑﻦ ﺷﺮف اﻟﻨﻮوي‪ ٬‬ﲢﻘﻴﻖ‪ :‬ﳏﻤﺪ اﳊﺠﺎر‪ ٬‬دار اﺑﻦ ﺣﺰم‪٬‬‬
‫ﺑﲑوت‪ ٬‬ﻟﺒﻨﺎن‪ ٬‬ط‪ ٬4‬ﺳﻨﺔ‪1417 :‬ه‪1996/‬م‪.‬‬
‫‪ .14‬اﻟﺘﺒﻴﺎن ﰲ ﺷﺮح ﻣﻮرد اﻟﻈﻤﺂن‪ ٬‬ﻷﰊ ﳏﻤﺪ ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ اﻟﺼﻨﻬﺎﺟﻲ اﳌﻌﺮوف ﺑﺎﺑﻦ آﺟﻄﺎ‪٬‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ أول اﻟﻜﺘﺎب إﱃ ﺎﻳﺔ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ اﳊﺬف ﰲ اﻟﺮﺳﻢ‪ ٬‬رﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﺎﺟﺴﺘﲑ ﺑﺎﳉﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺎﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ اﻟﻨﺒﻮﻳﺔ‪ ٬‬ﲢﻘﻴﻖ‪ :‬ﻋﺒﺪ اﳊﻔﻴﻆ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﻧﻮر ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ اﳍﻨﺪي‪ ٬‬ﻧﻮﻗﺸﺖ ﺳﻨﺔ‪-1421 :‬‬
‫‪1422‬ه‪2002-2001/‬م‪.‬‬
‫‪ .15‬ﺗﺬﻛﺮة اﳊﻔﺎظ‪ ٬‬ﴰﺲ اﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ أﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺜﻤﺎن اﻟﺬﻫﱯ‪ ٬‬ﲢﻘﻴﻖ‪ :‬ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﺮﲪﺎن ﺑﻦ ﳛﲕ‬
‫اﳌﻌﻠﻤﻲ‪ ٬‬داﺋﺮة اﳌﻌﺎرف اﻟﻌﺜﻤﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪) ٬‬د‪.‬ط(‪1374 ٬‬ه‪.‬‬
‫‪ .16‬اﻟﺘﺬﻛﺮة ﰲ اﻟﻘﺮاءات اﻟﺜﻤﺎن‪ ٬‬ﻃﺎﻫﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﳌﻨﻌﻢ ﺑﻦ ﻏﻠﺒﻮن‪ ٬‬ﲢﻘﻴﻖ‪ :‬أﳝﻦ رﺷﺪي ﺳﻮﻳﺪ‪٬‬‬
‫)د‪.‬م‪.‬ن(‪ ٬‬ط‪ ٬1‬ﺳﻨﺔ‪1412 :‬ه‪1991/‬م‪.‬‬
‫‪ .17‬ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ اﳌﺪارك وﺗﻘﺮﻳﺐ اﳌﺴﺎﻟﻚ ﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ أﻋﻼم ﻣﺬﻫﺐ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ‪ ٬‬ﻋﻴﺎض ﺑﻦ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ اﻟﻴﺤﺼﱯ‪٬‬‬
‫ﺿﺒﻄﻪ وﺻﺤﺤﻪ‪ :‬ﳏﻤﺪ ﺳﺎﱂ ﻫﺎﺷﻢ‪ ٬‬دار اﻟﻜﺘﺐ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‪ ٬‬ﺑﲑوت‪ ٬‬ﻟﺒﻨﺎن‪ ٬‬ط‪ ٬1‬ﺳﻨﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪1418‬ه‪1998/‬م‪.‬‬
‫‪ .18‬اﻟﺘﻮﻗﻴﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻬﻤﺎت اﻟﺘﻌﺎرﻳﻒ‪ ٬‬ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﺮؤوف ﺑﻦ اﳌﻨﺎوي‪ ٬‬ﻋﺎﱂ اﻟﻜﺘﺐ‪ ٬‬ط‪ ٬1‬ﺳﻨﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪1410‬ه‪1990/‬م‪.‬‬
‫‪ .19‬ﺟﺎﻣﻊ اﻟﺮﺳﺎﺋﻞ‪ ٬‬أﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﳊﻠﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺗﻴﻤﻴﺔ اﳊﺮاﱐ‪ ٬‬ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ‪ :‬ﳏﻤﺪ رﺷﺎد ﺳﺎﱂ‪ ٬‬دار اﳌﺪﱐ‪٬‬‬
‫ﺟﺪة‪ ٬‬ط‪ ٬2‬ﺳﻨﺔ‪1405 :‬ﻫـ‪1984/‬م‪.‬‬
‫‪ .20‬اﳊﺪود اﻷﻧﻴﻘﺔ واﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻔﺎت اﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ‪ ٬‬اﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﺸﻴﺦ زﻛﺮﻳﺎ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ اﻷﻧﺼﺎري‪ ٬‬ﲢﻘﻴﻖ‪ :‬ﻣﺎزن‬
‫اﳌﺒﺎرك‪ ٬‬داﺋﺮ اﻟﻔﻜﺮ‪ ٬‬ﺑﲑوت‪ ٬‬ﻟﺒﻨﺎن‪ ٬‬ط‪ ٬1‬ﺳﻨﺔ‪1411 :‬ﻫـ‪1991/‬م‪.‬‬
‫‪ .21‬رﺳﻢ اﳌﺼﺤﻒ وﺿﺒﻄﻪ‪ ٬‬ﺷﻌﺒﺎن ﳏﻤﺪ إﲰﺎﻋﻴﻞ‪ ٬‬دار اﻟﺴﻼم‪ ٬‬اﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮة‪ ٬‬ط‪ ٬3‬ﺳﻨﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪1433‬ه‪2012/‬م‪.‬‬

‫‪99‬‬
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‫‪nearly all Windows platforms, simply open the document you want to convert, click “print”, select the‬‬
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 ‫اﻟﻔﻬ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ــﺎرس‬

‫‪ .22‬اﻟﺴﺒﻌﺔ ﰲ اﻟﻘﺮاءات‪ ٬‬اﺑﻦ ﳎﺎﻫﺪ‪ :‬ﲢﻘﻴﻖ‪ :‬ﺷﻮﻗﻲ ﺿﻴﻒ‪ ٬‬دار اﳌﻌﺎرف‪ ٬‬ﻣﺼﺮ‪ ٬‬اﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮة‪٬‬‬
‫)د‪.‬ط(‪) ٬‬د‪.‬ت‪.‬ن(‪.‬‬
‫‪ .23‬اﻟﺴﺒﻴﻞ إﱃ ﺿﺒﻂ ﻛﻠﻤﺎت اﻟﺘﻨﺰﻳﻞ‪ ٬‬أﲪﺪ ﳏﻤﺪ أﺑﻮزﻳﺘﺤﺎر‪ ٬‬ﲢﻘﻴﻖ‪ :‬ﻳﺎﺳﺮ إﺑﺮاﻫﻴﻢ اﳌﺰروﻋﻲ‪٬‬‬
‫اﻟﻜﻮﻳﺖ‪ ٬‬ط‪ ٬1‬ﺳﻨﺔ‪1430 :‬ه‪2009/‬م‪.‬‬
‫‪ .24‬ﲰﲑ اﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ ﰲ رﺳﻢ وﺿﺒﻂ اﻟﻜﺘﺎب اﳌﺒﲔ‪ ٬‬ﻋﻠﻲ ﳏﻤﺪ اﻟﻀﺒﺎع‪ ٬‬ﻗﺮأﻩ وﻧﻘﺤ ـ ـ ـ ـ ــﻪ وأذن‬
‫ﺑﺘﺪرﻳﺴﻪ‪ :‬ﳏﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺧﻠﻒ اﳊﺴﻴﲏ‪ ٬‬ﻣﻄﺒﻌﺔ اﳌﺸﻬﺪ اﳊﺴﻴﲏ‪) ٬‬د‪.‬م‪.‬ن(‪ ٬‬ط ‪) ٬1‬د‪.‬ت‪.‬ن(‪.‬‬
‫‪ .25‬اﻟﺴﻨﻦ اﻟﻜﱪى‪ ٬‬أﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺷﻌﻴﺐ اﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ‪ ٬‬ﲢﻘﻴﻖ‪ :‬ﺣﺴﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﳌﻨﻌﻢ ﺣﺴﻦ ﺷﻠﱯ‪ ٬‬ﻃﺒﻌﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺔ اﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ‪ ٬‬ﺑﲑوت‪ ٬‬ﻟﺒﻨﺎن‪ ٬‬ط‪ ٬1‬ﺳﻨﺔ‪1421 :‬ه‪2001/‬م‪.‬‬
‫‪ .26‬ﺳﲑ أﻋﻼم اﻟﻨﺒﻼء‪ ٬‬ﴰﺲ اﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ أﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺜﻤﺎن اﻟﺬﻫﱯ‪ ٬‬ﲢﻘﻴﻖ‪ :‬ﺷﻌﻴﺐ اﻷرﻧﺎؤوط‪٬‬‬
‫ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺔ اﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ‪ ٬‬ﺑﲑوت‪ ٬‬ﻟﺒﻨﺎن‪ ٬‬ط‪ ٬1‬ﺳﻨﺔ‪1405 :‬ه‪1984/‬م‪.‬‬
‫‪ .27‬اﻟﺼﻠﺔ ﰲ ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ أﺋﻤﺔ اﻷﻧﺪﻟﺲ وﻋﻠﻤﺎﺋﻬﻢ وﳏﺪﺛﻴﻬﻢ وﻓﻘﻬﺎﺋﻬﻢ وأدﺑﺎﺋﻬﻢ‪ ٬‬أﺑﻮ اﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ ﺑﻦ‬
‫ﺑﺸﻜﻮال‪ ٬‬ﺣﻘﻘﻪ وﻋﻠﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ :‬ﺑﺸﺎر ﻋﻮاد ﳐﻠﻮف‪ ٬‬دار اﻟﻐﺮب اﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ‪ ٬‬ﺗﻮﻧﺲ‪ ٬‬ط‪ ٬1‬ﺳﻨﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪2010‬م‪.‬‬
‫‪ .28‬ﺻﻠﺔ اﻟﺼﻠﺔ‪ ٬‬أﺑﻮ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ أﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ إﺑﺮاﻫﻴﻢ اﻟﻐﺮﻧﺎﻃﻲ‪ ٬‬ﲢﻘﻴﻖ‪ :‬ﺷﺮﻳﻒ أﺑﻮ اﻟﻌﻼ اﻟﻌﺪوي‪ ٬‬ﻣﻜﺘﺒﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﺪﻳﻨﻴﺔ‪ ٬‬اﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮة‪ ٬‬ط‪ ٬1‬ﺳﻨﺔ‪1429 :‬ه‪2008/‬م‬
‫‪ .29‬ﻃﺒﻘﺎت اﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ‪ ٬‬إﲰﺎﻋﻴﻞ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻛﺜﲑ‪ ٬‬ﲢﻘﻴﻖ‪ :‬ﻋﺒﺪ اﳊﻔﻴﻆ ﻣﻨﺼﻮر‪ ٬‬دار اﳌﺪار‬
‫اﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ‪ ٬‬ﺑﲑوت‪ ٬‬ﻟﺒﻨﺎن‪ ٬‬ط‪ ٬1‬ﺳﻨﺔ‪2004 :‬م‪.‬‬
‫‪ .30‬ﻃﺒﻘﺎت اﻟﻨﺤﻮﻳﲔ واﻟﻠﻐﻮﻳﲔ‪ ٬‬ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ اﳊﺴﻦ اﻟﺰﺑﻴﺪي‪ ٬‬ﲢﻘﻴﻖ‪ :‬ﳏﻤﺪ أﺑﻮ اﻟﻔﻀﻞ إﺑﺮاﻫﻴﻢ‪٬‬‬
‫دار اﳌﻌﺎرف‪ ٬‬ﻣﺼﺮ‪ ٬‬اﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮة‪ ٬‬ط‪ ٬2‬ﺳﻨﺔ‪1392 :‬ه‪1973/‬م‪.‬‬
‫‪ .31‬اﻟﻄﺮاز ﰲ ﺷﺮح ﺿﺒﻂ اﳋﺮاز‪ ٬‬ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲ اﻟﺘﻨﺴﻲ‪ ٬‬دراﺳﺔ وﲢﻘﻴﻖ‪ :‬أﲪﺪ ﺷﺮﺷﺎل‪ ٬‬ﳎﻤﻊ‬
‫اﳌﻠﻚ ﻓﻬﺪ ﻟﻄﺒﺎﻋﺔ اﳌﺼﺤﻒ اﻟﺸﺮﻳﻒ‪ ٬‬اﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ اﳌﻨﻮرة‪ ٬‬ط‪ ٬1‬ﺳﻨﺔ‪1420 :‬ه‪2000/‬م‪.‬‬
‫‪ .32‬ﻏﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﰲ ﻃﺒﻘﺎت اﻟﻘﺮاء‪ ٬‬ﴰﺲ اﻟﺪﻳﻦ أﰊ اﳋﲑ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ‬
‫اﳉﺰري‪ ٬‬دار اﻟﻜﺘﺐ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‪ ٬‬ﺑﲑوت‪ ٬‬ط‪ ٬1‬ﺳﻨﺔ‪1427 :‬ه‪2006/‬م‪.‬‬
‫‪ .33‬ﻓﻀﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﻘﺮآن وﻣﻌﺎﳌﻪ وآداﺑﻪ‪ ٬‬أﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ اﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻼم‪ ٬‬ﲢﻘﻴﻖ‪ :‬أﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻮاﺣﺪ‬
‫اﳋﻴﺎﻃﻲ‪) ٬‬د‪.‬م‪.‬ن(‪) ٬‬د‪.‬ط(‪) ٬‬د‪.‬ت‪.‬ن(‪.‬‬

‫‪100‬‬
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‫‪Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original documents. Compatible across‬‬
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 ‫اﻟﻔﻬ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ــﺎرس‬

‫‪ .34‬ﻓﻀﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﻘﺮآن‪ ٬‬ﺟﻌﻔﺮ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ اﳊﺴﻦ اﻟﻔﺮﻳﺎﰊ‪ ٬‬ﲢﻘﻴﻖ‪ :‬ﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﻋﺜﻤﺎن ﻓﻀﻞ اﷲ ﺟﱪﻳﻞ‪٬‬‬
‫ﻃﺒﻌﺔ ﻣﻜﺘﺒﺔ اﻟﺮﺷﺪ‪ ٬‬اﻟﺮﻳﺎض‪ ٬‬ط‪ ٬1‬ﺳﻨﺔ‪1409 :‬ه‪1989/‬م‪.‬‬
‫‪ .35‬اﻟﻔﻮاﺋﺪ اﳉﻤﻴﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻵﻳﺎت اﳉﻠﻴﻠﺔ‪ ٬‬اﳊﺴﲔ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﻃﻠﺤﺔ‪ ٬‬اﻟﺮﺟﺮاﺟﻲ اﻟﺸﻮﺷﺎوي‪٬‬‬
‫ﲢﻘﻴﻖ‪ :‬إدرﻳﺲ ﻋﺰوزي‪) ٬‬د‪.‬ط(‪1409 ٬‬ه‪1989/‬م‪.‬‬
‫‪ .36‬ﻟﺴﺎن اﻟﻌﺮب‪ ٬‬اﺑﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر‪ ٬‬دار اﳌﻌﺎرف‪ ٬‬اﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮة‪ ٬‬ط‪) ٬1‬د‪.‬ت‪.‬ن(‪.‬‬
‫‪ .37‬اﶈﻜﻢ ﰲ ﻧﻘﻂ اﳌﺼﺎﺣﻒ‪ ٬‬ﻋﺜﻤﺎن ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ اﻟﺪاﱐ‪ ٬‬ﻋﲎ ﺑﺘﺤﻘﻴﻘﻪ‪ :‬ﻋﺰة ﺣﺴﻦ‪ ٬‬دار اﻟﻔﻜﺮ‪٬‬‬
‫دﻣﺸﻖ‪ ٬‬ﺳﻮرﻳﺔ‪ ٬‬ط ‪ ٬2‬ﺳﻨﺔ‪1407 :‬ﻫـ‪1986/‬م‪.‬‬
‫‪ .38‬ﳐﺘﺼﺮ اﻟﺘﺒﻴﲔ ﳍﺠﺎء اﻟﺘﻨﺰﻳﻞ‪ ٬‬أﺑﻮ داود ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎن ﺑﻦ ﳒﺎح‪ ٬‬دراﺳﺔ وﲢﻘﻴﻖ‪ :‬أﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻌﻤﺮ‬
‫ﺷﺮﺷﺎل‪ ٬‬ﻃﺒﻊ ﳎﻤﻊ اﳌﻠﻚ ﻓﻬﺪ ﻟﻄﺒﺎﻋﺔ اﳌﺼﺤﻒ اﻟﺸﺮﻳﻒ ﺑﺎﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ اﻟﻨﺒﻮﻳﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌﺎون ﻣﻊ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ‬
‫اﳌﻠﻚ ﻓﻴﺼﻞ ﻟﻠﺒﺤﻮث واﻟﺪراﺳﺎت اﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ‪ ٬‬اﻟﺮﻳﺎض‪ ٬‬ط ‪ ٬1‬ﺳﻨﺔ‪1423 :‬ﻫـ‪2002/‬م‪.‬‬
‫‪ .39‬اﳌﺪﺧﻞ ﻟﺪراﺳﺔ اﻟﻘﺮآن اﻟﻜﺮﱘ‪ ٬‬ﳏﻤﺪ أﺑﻮ ﺷﻬﺒﺔ‪ ٬‬دار اﻟﻠﻮاء‪ ٬‬اﻟﺮﻳﺎض‪ ٬‬ط‪ ٬3‬ﺳﻨﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪1407‬ه‪1987/‬م‪.‬‬
‫‪ .40‬اﳌﺴﺘﺪرك ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﲔ ﻣﻊ ﻣﻠﺨﺺ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻘﺎت اﻟﺬﻫﱯ‪ ٬‬ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲ اﳊﺎﻛﻢ‬
‫اﻟﻨﻴﺴﺎﺑﻮري‪ ٬‬ﲢﻘﻴﻖ‪ :‬ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻰ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻘﺎدر ﻋﻄﺎ‪ ٬‬دار اﻟﻜﺘﺐ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‪ ٬‬ﺑﲑوت‪ ٬‬ﻟﺒﻨﺎن‪ ٬‬ط‪٬1‬‬
‫ﺳﻨﺔ‪1411:‬ه‪1990/‬م‪.‬‬
‫‪ .41‬اﳌﻌﺎرف‪ ٬‬ﻻﺑﻦ ﻗﺘﻴﺒﺔ ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ‪ ٬‬ﲢﻘﻴﻖ‪ :‬ﺛﺮوت ﻋﻜﺎﺷﺔ‪ ٬‬دار اﳌﻌﺎرف‪ ٬‬اﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮة‪ ٬‬ط‪٬4‬‬
‫)د‪.‬ت‪.‬ن(‪.‬‬
‫‪ .42‬اﳌﻌﺠﺐ ﰲ ﺗﻠﺨﻴﺺ أﺧﺒﺎر اﳌﻐﺮب‪ ٬‬ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻮاﺣﺪ اﳌﺮاﻛﺸﻲ‪ ٬‬ﺷﺮﺣﻪ واﻋﺘﲎ ﺑﻪ‪ :‬ﺻﻼح اﻟﺪﻳﻦ‬
‫اﳍﻮاري‪ ٬‬اﳌﻜﺘﺒﺔ اﻟﻌﺼﺮﻳﺔ‪ ٬‬ﺑﲑوت‪ ٬‬ط‪ ٬1‬ﺳﻨﺔ‪1426 :‬ه‪2006/‬م‪.‬‬
‫‪ .43‬ﻣﻌﺠﻢ اﻷدﺑﺎء‪ ٬‬ﻳﺎﻗﻮت اﳊﻤﻮي‪ ٬‬ﲢﻘﻴﻖ‪ :‬إﺣﺴﺎن ﻋﺒﺎس‪ ٬‬دار اﻟﻐﺮب اﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ‪ ٬‬ﺑﲑوت‪٬‬‬
‫ﻟﺒﻨﺎن‪ ٬‬ط‪ ٬1‬ﺳﻨﺔ‪1993 :‬م‪.‬‬
‫‪ .44‬ﻣﻌﺠﻢ اﻟﺒﻠﺪان‪ ٬‬ﻟﻴﺎﻗﻮت اﳊﻤﻮي‪ ٬‬ﻳﺎﻗﻮت ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲ اﳊﻤﻮي‪ ٬‬دار إﺣﻴﺎء اﻟﱰاث اﻟﻌﺮﰊ‪٬‬‬
‫ﺑﲑوت‪ ٬‬ﻟﺒﻨﺎن‪) ٬‬د‪.‬ط(‪) ٬‬د‪.‬ت‪.‬ن(‪.‬‬
‫‪ .45‬ﻣﻌﺠﻢ اﳌﺆﻟﻔﲔ‪ ٬‬ﻋﻤﺮ رﺿﺎ ﻛﺤﺎﻟﺔ‪ ٬‬ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺔ اﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ‪ ٬‬ﺑﲑوت‪ ٬‬ط‪ ٬1‬ﺳﻨﺔ‪1414 :‬ه‪٬‬‬
‫‪1993‬م‪.‬‬

‫‪101‬‬
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‫‪Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original documents. Compatible across‬‬
‫‪nearly all Windows platforms, simply open the document you want to convert, click “print”, select the‬‬
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 ‫اﻟﻔﻬ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ــﺎرس‬

‫‪ .46‬ﻣﻌﺠﻢ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﻴﺲ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ‪ ٬‬أﺑﻮ اﳊﺴﲔ أﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻓﺎرس ﺑﻦ زﻛﺮﻳﺎ‪ ٬‬ﲢﻘﻴﻖ‪ :‬ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﺴﻼم ﳏﻤﺪ‬
‫ﻫﺎرون‪ ٬‬دار اﻟﻔﻜﺮ‪ ٬‬دار اﳉﻴﻞ‪ ٬‬ﺑﲑوت‪ ٬‬ﻟﺒﻨﺎن‪ ٬‬ط‪ ٬2‬ﺳﻨﺔ‪1420 :‬ﻫـ‪1999/‬م‪.‬‬
‫‪ .47‬ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ اﻟﺴﻨﻦ واﻵﺛﺎر‪ ٬‬أﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ اﳊﺴﲔ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ اﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ‪ ٬‬ﲢﻘﻴﻖ‪ :‬ﻋﺒﺪ اﳌﻌﻄﻲ أﻣﲔ ﻗﻠﻌﺠﻲ‪٬‬‬
‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟﺪراﺳﺎت اﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺑﻜﺮاﺗﺸﻲ ﺑﺒﺎﻛﺴﺘﺎن‪ ٬‬ودار اﻟﻮﻋﻲ ﲝﻠﺐ‪ ٬‬ودار ﻗﺘﻴﺒﺔ ﺑﺪﻣﺸﻖ‪٬‬‬
‫ط‪ ٬1‬ﺳﻨﺔ‪1412 :‬ه‪1991/‬م‪.‬‬
‫‪ .48‬ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ اﻟﻘﺮاء اﻟﻜﺒﺎر ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻄﺒﻘﺎت واﻷﻋﺼﺎر‪ ٬‬ﴰﺲ اﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ أﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺜﻤﺎن اﻟﺬﻫﱯ‪٬‬‬
‫ﲢﻘﻴﻖ‪ :‬ﺑﺸﺎر ﻋﻮاد ﻣﻌﺮوف‪ ٬‬ﺷﻌﻴﺐ اﻷرﻧﺎؤوط‪ ٬‬ﺻﻼح ﻣﻬﺪي ﻋﺒﺎس‪ ٬‬ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺔ اﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ‪٬‬‬
‫ﺑﲑوت‪ ٬‬ط‪ ٬2‬ﺳﻨﺔ‪1408 :‬ه‪1988/‬م‪.‬‬
‫‪ .49‬اﻟﻨﺸﺮ ﰲ اﻟﻘﺮاءات اﻟﻌﺸﺮ‪ ٬‬أﰊ اﳋﲑ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ اﳉﺰري‪ ٬‬أﺷﺮف ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺤﻪ‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻲ‬
‫ﳏﻤﺪ اﻟﻀﺒﺎع‪ ٬‬دار اﻟﻜﺘﺐ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‪ ٬‬ﺑﲑوت‪ ٬‬ﻟﺒﻨﺎن‪)٬‬د‪.‬ط(‪) ٬‬د‪ .‬ت‪.‬ن(‬
‫‪ .50‬ﻧﻔﺢ اﻟﻄﻴﺐ ﻣﻦ ﻏﺼﻦ اﻷﻧﺪﻟﺲ اﻟﺮﻃﻴﺐ‪ ٬‬أﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ اﳌﻘﺮي اﻟﺘﻠﻤﺴﺎﱐ‪ ٬‬ﲢﻘﻴﻖ‪ :‬إﺣﺴﺎن‬
‫ﻋﺒﺎس‪ ٬‬دار ﺻﺎدر‪ ٬‬ﺑﲑوت‪) ٬‬د‪.‬ط(‪1388 ٬‬ه‪1968/‬م‪.‬‬
‫‪ .51‬ﻫﺪاﻳﺔ اﻟﻘﺎري إﱃ ﲡﻮﻳﺪ ﻛﻼم اﻟﺒﺎري‪ ٬‬ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻔﺘﺎح اﳌﺮﺻﻔﻲ‪ ٬‬ﻣﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻃﻴﺒﺔ‪ ٬‬اﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ اﳌﻨﻮرة‪ ٬‬ط‪٬2‬‬
‫)د‪.‬ت‪.‬ن(‪.‬‬
‫‪ .52‬وﻓﻴﺎت اﻷﻋﻴﺎن وأﻧﺒﺎء أﺑﻨﺎء اﻟﺰﻣﺎن‪ ٬‬أﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ أﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺧﻠﻜﺎن‪ ٬‬ﲢﻘﻴﻖ‪ :‬ﺣﺴﺎن‬
‫ﻋﺒﺎس‪ ٬‬دار ﺻﺎدر‪ ٬‬ﺑﲑوت‪) ٬‬د‪.‬ط(‪) ٬‬د‪.‬ت‪.‬ن(‪.‬‬

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‫‪ -6‬ﻓﻬـــﺭﺱ ﺍﻟﻣـﻭﺿـﻭﻋـــﺎﺕ‬
‫اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻨ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ــﻮان‬
‫ﻣﻠﺨﺺ اﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻐﺘﲔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ واﻹﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺷﻜﺮ وﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮ‬
‫ب‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ اﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬
‫ب‬ ‫أﳘﻴﺔ اﳌﻮﺿﻮع‬
‫ت‬ ‫دواﻓﻊ اﺧﺘﻴﺎر اﳌﻮﺿﻮع‬
‫ث‬ ‫إﺷﻜﺎﻟﻴﺎت اﳌﻮﺿﻮع‬
‫ث‬ ‫أﻫﺪاف اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ‬
‫ج‬ ‫اﻟﺪراﺳﺎت اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬
‫ج‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻬﺠﻴﺔ اﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬
‫خ‬ ‫ﺧﻄﺔ اﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬
‫خ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻌﻮﺑﺎت‬
‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻷول ‪ :‬ﻣـﺪﺧ ـ ـ ـ ــﻞ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺒﺤﺚ اﻷول‪ :‬اﻟﻀﺒﻂ اﻟﻤﺼﺤﻔﻲ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﺐ اﻷول‪ :‬اﻟﻀﺒﻂ‪ :‬ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻔﻪ‪ ٬‬أﻧﻮاﻋﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮع اﻷول‪ :‬ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ اﻟﻀﺒﻂ‪.‬‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮع اﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬أﻧﻮاﻋﻪ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﺐ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ اﻟﻀﺒﻂ وﺣﻜﻤﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮع اﻷول‪ :‬ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ اﻟﻀﺒﻂ‬
‫‪7‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮع اﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﺣﻜﻤـﻪ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺒﺤﺚ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬اﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎر‪ ٬‬أﺳﺴﻪ‪ ٬‬وﺻﻴﻐﻪ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻹﻣﺎم‪.‬‬

‫‪103‬‬
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‫‪Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original documents. Compatible across‬‬
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‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﺐ اﻷول‪ :‬ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ اﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎر‪.‬‬

‫‪11‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮع اﻷول‪ :‬اﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎر ﰲ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪11‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮع اﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬اﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎر ﰲ اﻻﺻﻄﻼح‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﺐ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬أﺳﺲ اﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎر ﻋﻨﺪ أﺑﻲ داود‪.‬‬
‫‪13‬‬ ‫اﻷﺳﺎس اﻷول‪ :‬اﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎر ﻹﻗﺮار اﻟﺴﻠﻒ اﻟﺼﺎﱀ‪:‬‬
‫‪13‬‬ ‫اﻷﺳﺎس اﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬اﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎر ﻷﻧﻪ ﻣﻮاﻓﻖ ﻟﻺﲨﺎع‪:‬‬
‫‪13‬‬ ‫اﻷﺳﺎس اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ :‬اﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎر ﻷﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻀﺮوري أﺧﺬ اﻟﻀﺒﻂ ﺑﺎﳌﺸﺎﻓﻬﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪13‬‬ ‫اﻷﺳﺎس اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ‪ :‬اﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎر ﻷﻧﻪ اﻟﻘﻴﺎس‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﺐ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ :‬ﺻﻴﻎ اﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎر ﻋﻨﺪ أﺑﻲ داود‪:‬‬
‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪ -1‬اﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﺢ ﺑﻠﻔﻆ اﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎر‪:‬‬
‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪ -2‬اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺻﻴﻐﺔ اﻟﺘﻔﻀﻴﻞ‪:‬‬
‫‪16‬‬ ‫‪ -3‬ﺻﻴﻎ أﺧﺮى ﻳﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﻬﺎ دون ﺗﺼﺮﻳﺢ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺒﺤﺚ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ :‬اﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺑﺎﻹﻣﺎم أﺑﻲ داود‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﺐ اﻷول‪ :‬ﻋﺼﺮ اﻟﻤﺆﻟَﻒ وﺣﻴﺎﺗﻪ اﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪18‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮع اﻷول‪:‬ﻋﺼﺮﻩ‪:‬‬
‫‪21‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮع اﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻪ اﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﺐ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻪ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪23‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮع اﻷول‪ :‬ﺷﻴﻮﺧﻪ‪:‬‬
‫‪24‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮع اﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﺗﻼﻣﻴﺬﻩ‪:‬‬
‫‪26‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮع اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ :‬ﻣﺆﻟﻔﺎﺗﻪ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﺐ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ :‬ﻣﻜﺎﻧﺘﻪ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ وﺛﻨﺎء اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ووﻓﺎﺗﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪28‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮع اﻷول‪ :‬ﻣﻜﺎﻧﺘﻪ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ وﺛﻨﺎء اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪29‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮع اﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬وﻓﺎﺗﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪104‬‬
‫‪pdfMachine‬‬
‫!‪A pdf writer that produces quality PDF files with ease‬‬
‫‪Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original documents. Compatible across‬‬
‫‪nearly all Windows platforms, simply open the document you want to convert, click “print”, select the‬‬
‫!‪“Broadgun pdfMachine printer” and that’s it! Get yours now‬‬
 ‫اﻟﻔﻬـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ــﺎرس‬

‫اﻟﻤﺒﺤﺚ اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ‪ :‬اﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺑﻜﺘﺎب أﺻﻮل اﻟﻀﺒﻂ‪.‬‬

‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﺐ اﻷول‪ :‬اﺳﻢ اﻟﻜﺘﺎب‪ ٬‬ﺳﺒﺐ ﺗﺄﻟﻴﻔﻪ‪ ٬‬وﻣﺴﻠﻚ اﻟﻤﺆﻟﱢﻒ ﻓﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪31‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮع اﻷول‪ :‬اﺳﻢ اﻟﻜﺘﺎب‪:‬‬
‫‪31‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮع اﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﺳﺒﺐ ﺗﺄﻟﻴﻔﻪ‪:‬‬
‫‪32‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮع اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ :‬ﻣﺴﻠﻚ اﳌﺆﻟﱢﻒ ﻓﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﺐ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬اﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻜﺘﺎب‪ ٬‬وﻣﺼﺎدر اﻟﻤﺆﻟﱢﻒ ﻓﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪33‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮع اﻷول‪ :‬اﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻜﺘﺎب‪.‬‬
‫‪34‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮع اﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﻣﺼﺎدر اﳌﺆﻟﱢﻒ ﻓﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﺐ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ :‬أﺑﻮاب اﻟﻜﺘﺎب‪.‬‬
‫‪35‬‬ ‫أﺑﻮاب اﻟﻜﺘﺎب‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ‪ :‬اﺧﺘﻴﺎرات أﺑﻲ داود ﻓﻲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑ ــﻪ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺒﺤﺚ اﻷول‪:‬ﺿﺒﻂ اﻹدﻏﺎم اﻟﻨﺎﻗﺺ واﻟﻤﺪ اﻟﻤﺤﺬوف رﺳﻤﺎ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﺐ اﻷول‪ :‬ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺿﺒﻂ اﻹدﻏﺎم اﻟﻨﺎﻗﺺ)اﻟﻄﺎء اﻟﺴﺎﻛﻨﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺎء(‪:‬‬
‫‪38‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮع اﻷول‪ :‬ﺣﺪ اﻹدﻏﺎم اﻟﻨﺎﻗﺺ‪:‬‬
‫‪38‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮع اﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺿﺒﻂ اﻹدﻏﺎم اﻟﻨﺎﻗﺺ)اﻟﻄﺎء اﻟﺴﺎﻛﻨﺔ ﰲ اﻟﺘﺎء(‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﺐ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺿﺒﻂ اﻟﻤﺪ اﻟﻤﺤﺬوف رﺳﻤﺎ‪:‬‬
‫‪39‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮع اﻷول‪ :‬ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺿﺒﻂ اﶈﺬوف رﲰﺎ‪ ٬‬واﻟﻮاﻗﻊ ﻗﺒﻞ ﳘﺰ أو ﺳﻜﻮن‪:‬‬
‫‪40‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮع اﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪:‬ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺿﺒﻂ ﺣﺮف اﳌﺪ اﶈﺬوف رﲰﺎ‪ ٬‬واﻟﻮاﻗﻊ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻏﲑ اﳍﻤﺰ‬

‫‪105‬‬
‫‪pdfMachine‬‬
‫!‪A pdf writer that produces quality PDF files with ease‬‬
‫‪Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original documents. Compatible across‬‬
‫‪nearly all Windows platforms, simply open the document you want to convert, click “print”, select the‬‬
‫!‪“Broadgun pdfMachine printer” and that’s it! Get yours now‬‬
 ‫اﻟﻔﻬـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ــﺎرس‬

‫اﻟﻤﺒﺤﺚ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ اﺟﺘﻤﻊ ﻓﻴﻪ أﻟﻔﺎن ورﺳﻢ ﺑﻮاﺣﺪة‪.‬‬

‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﺐ اﻷول‪ :‬اﺟﺘﻤﺎع ﻫﻤﺰﺗﻴﻦ أول اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﺮع اﻷول‪ :‬ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺿﺒﻂ اﻟﻀﺮب اﻟﺬي ﺗﺘﺤﺮك ﻓﻴﻪ اﳍﻤﺰة اﻷوﱃ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺘﺢ واﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫‪44‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺴﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ وﺟﻪ اﻟﺘﺴﻬﻴﻞ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺮع اﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺿﺒﻂ اﻟﻀﺮب اﻟﺬي ﺗﺘﺤﺮك ﻓﻴﻪ اﳍﻤﺰة اﻷوﱃ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺘﺢ واﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻀﻢ‪:‬‬
‫‪46‬‬

‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﺐ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬اﺟﺘﻤﺎع ﻫﻤﺰة وأﻟﻒ ﻓﻲ أول اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‪:‬‬

‫‪49‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮع اﻷول‪ :‬اﺗﺼﺎل ﻳﺎء اﻟﻨﺪاء وﻫﺎء اﻟﺘﻨﺒﻴﻪ ﺑﻜﻠﻤﺔ أوﳍﺎ ﳘﺰة‪:‬‬
‫‪51‬‬ ‫ﱡ‪ ‬ﱠ‬ ‫ا اﻟﻔﺮع اﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺿﺒﻂ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﺐ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ :‬اﺟﺘﻤﺎع ﻫﻤﺰة اﻻﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎم ﻣﻊ ﻫﻤﺰة اﻟﻮﺻﻞ‪:‬‬
‫‪52‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮع اﻷول‪ :‬اﺟﺘﻤﺎع ﳘﺰة اﻻﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎم ﻣﻊ ﳘﺰة اﻟﻮﺻﻞ ﺑﺪﺧﻮل ﳘﺰة اﻟﻘﻄﻊ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪:‬‬
‫‪54‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮع اﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬اﳌﻮاﺿﻊ اﻟﱵ ﺗﺪﺧﻞ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﳘﺰة اﻻﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎم ﻋﻠﻰ ﳘﺰة اﻟﻮﺻﻞ ﻣﻊ ﻻم اﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﺐ اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ اﺟﺘﻤﻊ ﻓﻴﻪ أﻟﻔﺎن ﻓﻲ وﺳﻂ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‪ ٬‬أو ﻓﻲ آﺧﺮﻫﺎ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﺮع اﻷول‪:‬ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺿﺒﻂ ﻣﺎ اﺟﺘﻤﻊ ﻓﻴﻪ أﻟﻔﺎن ﰲ وﺳﻂ اﻟﻜﻠﻤـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـﺔ‪ :‬ﻟﻔﻆ‬
‫‪56‬‬
‫ﱡﭐ‪‬ﱠ ]اﻟﺰﺧﺮف‪:[37:‬‬

‫‪57‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮع اﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪:‬ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺿﺒﻂ ﻣﺎ اﺟﺘﻤﻊ ﻓﻴﻪ أﻟﻔﺎن ﰲ آﺧﺮ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‪:‬‬

‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﺐ اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ‪ :‬اﺟﺘﻤﺎع اﻟﻬﻤﺰﺗﺎن ﻣﻦ ﻛﻠﻤﺘﻴﻦ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺘﻴﻦ‪:‬‬
‫‪61‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮع اﻷول‪:‬ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺿﺒﻂ اﳍﻤﺰﺗﺎن اﻟﻠﺘﺎن ﻣﻦ ﻛﻠﻤﺘﲔ‪ ٬‬واﳌﺘﺤﺮﻛﺘﺎن ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺴﺮ‪:‬‬
‫‪61‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮع اﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺿﺒﻂ اﳍﻤﺰﺗﺎن اﻟﻠﺘﺎن ﻣﻦ ﻛﻠﻤﺘﲔ‪ ٬‬اﳌﺘﺤﺮﻛﺘﺎن ﺑﺎﻟﻀﻢ‪:‬‬

‫‪106‬‬
‫‪pdfMachine‬‬
‫!‪A pdf writer that produces quality PDF files with ease‬‬
‫‪Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original documents. Compatible across‬‬
‫‪nearly all Windows platforms, simply open the document you want to convert, click “print”, select the‬‬
‫!‪“Broadgun pdfMachine printer” and that’s it! Get yours now‬‬
 ‫اﻟﻔﻬـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ــﺎرس‬

‫اﻟﻤﺒﺤﺚ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ اﺟﺘﻤﻌﺖ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻳﺎءان ورﺳﻢ ﺑﻮاﺣﺪة‪.‬‬

‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﺐ اﻷول‪ :‬ﻣﺎ اﺟﺘﻤﻌﺖ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻳﺎءان ﻟﻴﺴﺖ إﺣﺪاﻫﻤﺎ ﺻﻮرة ﻟﻠﻬﻤﺰة‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﺮع اﻷول‪ :‬ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺿﺒﻂ ﻣﺎ اﺟﺘﻤﻌﺖ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻳﺎءان ﻟﻴﺴﺖ إﺣﺪاﳘﺎ ﺻﻮرة ﻟﻠﻬﻤﺰة ﳉﻤﻴﻊ‬
‫‪63‬‬
‫اﻟﻘﺮاء‬
‫‪64‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮع اﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺿﺒﻂ ﱡ‪  ‬ﱠ]اﻟﺒﻘﺮة‪ ٬[60:‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺮاءة ﻧﺎﻓﻊ وﺣﺪﻩ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﺐ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ اﺟﺘﻤﻊ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻳﺎءان إﺣﺪاﻫﻤﺎ ﺻﻮرة ﻟﻠﻬﻤﺰة‪:‬‬
‫‪66‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎ اﺟﺘﻤﻊ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻳﺎءان إﺣﺪاﳘﺎ ﺻﻮرة ﻟﻠﻬﻤﺰة‬
‫اﻟﻤﺒﺤﺚ اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ اﺟﺘﻤﻊ ﻓﻴﻪ واوان ورﺳﻢ ﺑﻮاﺣﺪة‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﺐ اﻷول‪:‬ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺿﺒﻂ ﭐ ﱡ‪‬ﱠ ]اﻹﺳﺮاء‪ [7:‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺮاءة ﻣﻦ ﻗﺮأ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﺎء ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺠﻤﻊ‪:‬‬
‫‪68‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮع اﻷول‪ :‬اﻻﺧﺘﻼف ﰲ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮ اﻟﻮاو اﶈﺬوﻓﺔ‬
‫‪68‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮع اﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺿﺒﻂ ﱡ‪‬ﱠ ]اﻹﺳﺮاء‪:[7:‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﺐ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪:‬ﻟﻔﻆ‪:‬ﭐ ﱡﭐ‪‬ﱠ]اﻷﺣﺰاب‪٬[51:‬و ﱡﭐ‪ ‬ﱠ]اﳌﻌﺎرج‪ [13:‬وﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺿﺒﻄﻬﻤﺎ‪:‬‬

‫‪70‬‬ ‫ﭐ ﱡﭐ‪‬ﱠ ]اﻷﺣﺰاب‪ ٬[51:‬و ﱡﭐ‪ ‬ﱠ ]اﳌﻌﺎرج‪:[13:‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮع اﻷول‪ :‬ﻟﻔﻆ‪:‬‬

‫‪71‬‬ ‫ﭐ ﱡﭐ‪‬ﱠ ]اﻷﺣﺰاب‪ ٬[51:‬و ﱡﭐ‪ ‬ﱠ ]اﳌﻌﺎرج‪[13:‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮع اﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺿﺒﻂ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﺐ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ :‬ﻟﻔﻈﺔ ﭐ ﱡ‪‬ﱠ ]اﻟﺘﻜﻮﻳﺮ‪ [8:‬وﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺿﺒﻄﻬﺎ‪:‬‬

‫‪72‬‬ ‫ﭐ ﱡ‪‬ﱠ ]اﻟﺘﻜﻮﻳﺮ‪:[8:‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮع اﻷول‪ :‬ﻟﻔﻈﺔ‬

‫‪72‬‬ ‫ﭐ ﱡ‪‬ﱠ ]اﻟﺘﻜﻮﻳﺮ‪:[8:‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮع اﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺿﺒﻂ ﻟﻔﻈﺔ‬

‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﺐ اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ‪ :‬اﻟﻮاو اﻟﺘﻲ ﺟﺎءت ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﻨﺎء واﻟﺠﻤﻊ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻫﻤﺰة ﻣﻀﻤﻮﻣﺔ ﺳﻮاء ﺗﺤﺮك ﻣﺎ ﻗﺒﻠﻬﺎ‬
‫أو ﺳﻜﻦ وﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺿﺒﻄﻬﺎ‪:‬‬
‫‪74‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮع اﻷول‪ :‬اﻻﺧﺘﻼف ﰲ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮ اﻟﻮاو اﳌﺮﺳﻮﻣﺔ‪:‬‬

‫‪107‬‬
‫‪pdfMachine‬‬
‫!‪A pdf writer that produces quality PDF files with ease‬‬
‫‪Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original documents. Compatible across‬‬
‫‪nearly all Windows platforms, simply open the document you want to convert, click “print”, select the‬‬
‫!‪“Broadgun pdfMachine printer” and that’s it! Get yours now‬‬
 ‫اﻟﻔﻬـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ــﺎرس‬

‫‪74‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮع اﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪:‬ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺿﺒﻂ ﱡ‪‬ﱠ وﺷﺒﻬﻪ‪:‬‬

‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﺐ اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ‪ :‬اﻟﻮاو اﻟﻤﻀﻤﻮﻣﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺟﺎءت ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ واو ﺳﺎﻛﻨﺔ ﺟﺎﻣﺪة ﻟﻠﺠﻤﻊ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ أو‬
‫ﻟﻠﺒﻨﺎء وﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺿﺒﻄﻬﺎ‪:‬‬
‫‪76‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮع اﻷول‪ :‬اﻻﺧﺘﻼف ﰲ اﻟﻮاو اﶈﺬوﻓﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪76‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮع اﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺿﺒﻄﻪ اﻟﻮاو اﳌﻀﻤﻮﻣﺔ اﻟﱵ ﺟﺎءت ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ واو ﺳﺎﻛﻨﺔ ﺟﺎﻣﺪة‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺒﺤﺚ اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ‪ :‬ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺿﺒﻂ ﻣﺎ زﻳﺪ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺠﺎﺋﻪ‪ ٬‬وﻣﺎ ﻳﻮﺿﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺤﺮف اﻟﺰاﺋﺪ واﻟﻤﺨﻔﻒ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﺐ اﻷول‪ :‬ﻣﺎ زﻳﺪ ﻓﻲ رﺳﻤﻪ أﻟﻒ أو ﻳﺎء أو واو‪:‬‬
‫‪78‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮع اﻷول‪ :‬ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺿﺒﻂ ﻣﺎ زﻳﺪت اﻷﻟﻒ ﰲ رﲰﻪ‪:‬‬

‫‪79‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮع اﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪:‬ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺿﺒﻂ ﻣﺎ زﻳﺪت اﻟﻴﺎء ﰲ رﲰﻪ‪:‬‬

‫‪81‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮع اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪:‬ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺿﺒﻂ ﻣﺎ زﻳﺪت اﻟﻮاو ﰲ رﲰﻪ‪ ٬‬وﻗﺒﻞ ﳘﺰﺗﻪ أﻟﻒ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﺐ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺑﺎب اﻟﺪارات اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺠﻌﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺤﺮوف اﻟﺰاﺋﺪة واﻟﺤﺮوف اﻟﻤﺨﻔﻔﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪84‬‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺑﺎب اﻟﺪارات اﻟﱵ ﲡﻌﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ اﳊﺮوف اﻟﺰاﺋﺪة واﳊﺮوف اﳌﺨﻔﻔﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺨﺎﺗﻤﺔ‬
‫‪86‬‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬
‫‪87‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻮﺻﻴﺎت‬
‫اﻟﻔﻬﺎرس‬
‫‪90‬‬ ‫ﻓﻬﺮس اﻵﻳﺎت اﻟﻘﺮآﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫‪94‬‬ ‫ﻓﻬﺮس اﻵﺛﺎر‬
‫‪95‬‬ ‫ﻓﻬﺮس اﻷﻋﻼم‬
‫‪97‬‬ ‫ﻓﻬﺮس اﻷﻣﺎﻛﻦ واﻟﺒﻠﺪان‬
‫‪98‬‬ ‫ﻓﻬﺮس اﳌﺼﺎدر اﳌﺮاﺟﻊ‬
‫‪103‬‬ ‫ﻓﻬﺮس اﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎت‬

‫‪108‬‬
‫‪pdfMachine‬‬
‫!‪A pdf writer that produces quality PDF files with ease‬‬
‫‪Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original documents. Compatible across‬‬
‫‪nearly all Windows platforms, simply open the document you want to convert, click “print”, select the‬‬
‫!‪“Broadgun pdfMachine printer” and that’s it! Get yours now‬‬
 ‫اﻟﻔﻬـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ــﺎرس‬

109
pdfMachine
A pdf writer that produces quality PDF files with ease!
Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original documents. Compatible across
nearly all Windows platforms, simply open the document you want to convert, click “print”, select the
“Broadgun pdfMachine printer” and that’s it! Get yours now!