‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬   ١٥٢  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K٪٩٥‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F٦
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 KDATA SHOW‫א‬ •
K •

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 

- ٩٣ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬   ١٥٢  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    

 Shell - Light StructureE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،   ١٠W٦  ‫א‬
  JW‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 K‫א‬ J٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
 KK‫א‬‫א‬ J٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W
 
 EFramesFW‫א‬‫א‬ JW
 
 K٢٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬ (GIRDERF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٦W٤‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
 K٤٠ J٣٠Z‫א‬ J٥
 K‫א‬ ‫א‬(FRAMES) J٦

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  ‫א‬‫א‬   ١٥٢  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    

 ‫א‬ (GIRDERF ‫א‬‫א‬  EFRAMESF ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   J٧

 K١٥W١٢‫א‬
 ‫א‬E GIRDERF ‫א‬‫א‬  E FRAMESF ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   J٨
 K١٨ J١٥‫א‬
 E FRAMESF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢٤‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  J٩
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EGIRDERF‫א‬‫א‬
 E FRAMESF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢٤W١٨‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  J١٠
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EGIRDERF‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬   ١٥٢  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    

 
 
 
 
  (GIRDERF‫א‬‫א‬EFRAMESF‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ‫א‬EGIRDERF‫א‬‫א‬EFRAMESF‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 K‫א‬EGIRDERF‫א‬‫א‬EFRAMESF‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EGIRDERF‫א‬‫א‬EFRAMESF‫א‬
 
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬   ١٥٢  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    

 WETrussesF‫א‬ JW 

 
          J١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
     E MEMBERS)   ( TRUSSESF ‫א‬   J٢
 KEPOSTSF‫א‬‫א‬
 KEPANEL JOINTF  ‫א‬    E MEMBERSF ‫א‬  J٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 E٢FK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٦W٤ (TRUSSESF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٥
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 K٤٠ J٣٠Z‫א‬ J٦
 
 WEarchesFW‫א‬ JW
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬٣٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 K‫א‬‫א‬EGIRDERF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  J٣
 K‫א‬EGIRDERF
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٧W٥EARCHESF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٥
 K٤٠ J٣٠Z‫א‬ J٦
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬   ١٥٢  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    

 WEvierendeel girderF JW‫א‬‫א‬ JW‫א‬

 
‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬   E TRUSSESF ‫א‬   J١
 E٢٢ J٢F‫א‬KEDIAGONAL) MEMBERS
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 K‫א‬ J٣
 K٢٥‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
 K ‫א‬EGIRDERF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٥
 K٦ J٤ (VIERENDEEL GIRDERF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٦
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬ JW

K‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
.‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F 
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
.‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 .‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬

 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬   ١٥٢  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    

‫א‬‫א‬

 Shell Vault‫א‬‫א‬
‫ א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
،٦{٥‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ELATERAL FORCE F‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 K‫א‬‫א‬
٦{٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 E١ J٣FK‫א‬‫א‬
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  ‫א‬‫א‬   ١٥٢  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    

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E١ J٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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  ‫א‬‫א‬   ١٥٢  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    

Dome Shell‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬•
 KEKKK‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬•
 K٦{٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬•
EMEMBRANEFEDOME SURFACEF‫א‬‫א‬•
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٪٢
K‫א‬‫א‬ECOMPRESSIONF‫א‬ETENSIONF
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
 KE٢ J٣F‫א‬EBENDINGF‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬•
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٢ J٣FK‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ERING BEAMF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬•
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٢ J٣F،‫א‬
 KE٢ J٣F‫א‬‫א‬•
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W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬   ١٥٢  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢ J٣F

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  ‫א‬‫א‬   ١٥٢  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    

 Space Frame Grid‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬•
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EPYRAMID FRAMESF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬•
 K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬•
 KE٣ J٣F
 SPACE TRUSSES‫א‬•
 LATTICE STRUCTURE‫א‬•
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SPACE FREEM ‫א‬E٣ J٣F

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  ‫א‬‫א‬   ١٥٢  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    

‫א‬THREE DIMENSIONAL TRUSSES‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬•

 E٤ J٣FETENSIONF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E٦ J٣FE٥ J٣F
‫א‬ESTRESSESF‫א‬‫א‬ECOMPRESSIONF
 KEJOINTSFEPLANE TRUSSF‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬•
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬•
 KEF‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬•
 KE٦ J٣FK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 E٥ J٣F

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  ‫א‬‫א‬   ١٥٢  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 E٦ J٣F
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
،٢٧٠ ×١٣٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬   ١٥٢  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 W‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬٢١{٩‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤٣{٨ ‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 .‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬ J
٢٤{٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬
‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬
 W‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣٣{٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 . ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬   ١٥٢  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    

 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٧ J٣F‫א‬
 
 
 
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬   ١٥٢  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    

 
 
 
 
 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬WE٨ J٣F‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٩ J٣F‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬   ١٥٢  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    

 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 W ‫א‬
   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ W   J
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬       
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E١١ J٣FE١٠ J٣F ‫א‬
 

 
 
 
 
 
 E١٠ J٣F
 
 
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬   ١٥٢  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    

 FREE SPAN ) F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬

LARGE &MEGS ، ‫א‬
LARGE SPANE
 

 
 
 

 
 
 
 E١١ J٣F‫א‬
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬
 EF‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

 ECurved Truss (single curved Truss J

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E١٢ J٣F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
TWO CYLINDRICAL SURFACES RISING TOWARD CENTER
 FOUR CYLINDRICAL SURFACES FOMING (CROSS VAULT )

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  ‫א‬‫א‬   ١٥٢  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    

 

 
 
 
 
 
 E١٢ J٣F‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

Spherical J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ GEODESIC DOME ‫א‬
E١٣ J٣F ‫א‬–‫ א‬
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬   ١٥٢  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 E١٣ J٣F‫א‬
 
E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ LARGE SPAN ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬.‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٤ J٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٥ J٣F
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬   ١٥٢  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 E١٤ J٣F‫א‬
 
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬   ١٥٢  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    

 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٥ J٣F‫א‬
 
 

- ١١٤ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬   ١٥٢  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    

‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫• א‬
T •
A٢ •
 
 W‫א‬
 
٢٠W١‫א‬‫א‬  J٣
١٠W١‫א‬‫א‬  J٤

 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬   ١٥٢  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    

- ١١٦ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬   ١٥٢  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    

‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺭﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬

 W‫א‬
 
 EF‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫• א‬
T •
A٢ •
 
 W‫א‬
 
٥٠W١‫א‬‫א‬  J٥
٥٠W١‫א‬‫א‬  J٦

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  ‫א‬‫א‬   ١٥٢  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    

 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬   ١٥٢  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    



 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
‫א‬  J١

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W K‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬١٠W١

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